1300:. Commander de Souches soon gained respect through his determination and attitude to securing the city's defenses. He countered a severe shortage of weapons with intensive production, in which the city's population participated. The number of defenders was small, 1,475 men were armed, of whom only 426 were soldiers, and the moderate force was supplemented by practically all of the city's able-bodied men, since Brno itself had perhaps 5,000 inhabitants, including women and children. Nevertheless, everyone was determined to withstand the besieging Swedes' 18-fold superiority. At the beginning of May 1645, everything necessary was brought in just in time. Equipment consisted of
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was negotiating with the emperor about peace, he ordered to prepare the last attempt to conquer the city. That occurred on August 15, 1645. All through the long battle, Swedes weren't able to penetrate Brno defence. Eight days later, on August 23, Torstensson ordered his exhausted forces to withdraw.
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also represented a difficult hurdle to overcome. Therefore
Torstensson moved to Moravia, Olomouc Fort specifically, which had been conquered in 1642 and gave the Swedes access to the delivery routes into Moravia, and established there the operational base of his forces. Only one important fortress
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made Brno the metropolis of
Moravia, as he had established his governorship here, the so-called "Royal Tribunal". In 1642, Brno became the seat of all royal and state offices, as the politically more important Olomouc had been occupied by invading Swedes since 1642. When the danger of an expected
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He and the then city captain decided that the city's defensive structures should be renovated and fortified or rebuilt. All buildings that were 600 paces or closer to the city walls were demolished, old ditches were deepened, and new ones dug in their places. To ensure that the city's population
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of the city and the Špilberk fortress, but without a bigger successes. Brno defenders were able to push back
Swedish attacks and also made a several quick attacks outside the city walls. Morale of the defenders was also boosted thanks to a joinment of a
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priest Martin Středa, who called Brno citizens in arms. Although, in July, Swedes were able to dig the tunnels under the fortification walls and create a light damage to the structure by firing up
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with the forces of about 10 000 men: their mostly light cavalry men weren't able to contribute to the military successes, but two heavy cannons joined the
Swedish fire power.
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The exhausting and failed siege of Brno forced the Swedes resume the military operations in the area around Vienna. The successful operations of the imperial forces in
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could be fed, a mill driven by a group of oxen was built, and all the city's wells were cleaned. A hidden road (strada coperta) then connected the city with the
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1200:. The Brno garrison, consisting of 500 soldiers and about 1,000 Brno residents, successfully defended the city against about 28,000 soldiers of General
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The siege of Brno started 3 May 1645 when
Torstensson and his army reached the city. After the failed negotiations Swedes started the attack and
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Swedish attack became clear, some state dignitaries fled to Vienna. Brno was then unsuccessfully sieged by the
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1643:. In: Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae sociales, Part 1: Jg. 73 (1988), pp. 127–161 and, Part 3: Jg. 75 (1990), p. 141–172. (Czech)
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1526:"'Siege of Brno': Czech Jesuits to consecrate statue of Stredonius to mark 'miraculous' 1645 victory over Swedes"
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1204:. The success of the defenders was the starting point of a brilliant career for their commander,
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Sborník Forum
Brunense. Brno: Muzeum města Brna, 2022, 2022(1), p. 110. ISSN 0862-3538. Online
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The Later Thirty Years War: From the Battle of
Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia
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1292:. He immediately began to prepare the city and its modest forces for a long siege.
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The
Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792
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The Age of Genius: The
Seventeenth Century and the Birth of the Modern Mind
1501:
The Age of Genius: The Seventeenth Century and the Birth of the Modern Mind
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now stood in the way of the planned advance to Vienna: the city of Brno.
1260:. For Swedish general Torstensson, who just finished the campaign called
1650:. Brno: Augustiniánský klášter, 1993, p. 23. ISBN 80-85032-21-X. Online
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On 14 March 1645, the emperor appointed the 37-year-old colonel of
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Transylvanian invasions of Hungary (1619–1621, 1623–1624, 1626)
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After Torstensson, in the beginning of August, realized that
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c. 28,000 soldiers in total (including reinforcements led by
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c. 426 soldiers, plus c. 1000 armed men from local militia
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prevented Torstensson's successor, Lieutenant General
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1359:Swedes lost about 8,000 men dead and wounded.
1570:. Cambridge University Press. 28 March 1996.
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1460:"7.7. 1650 Swedish army left Moravian towns"
1240:On 31 January 1645, the Swedes invaded the
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1662:Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
29:This article includes a list of general
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1720:Sieges involving the Holy Roman Empire
1664:, 2008, p. 64. ISBN 978-80-7278-466-0.
1641:Švédové na Moravě za třicetileté války
1541:French Armies of the Thirty Years' War
1475:French Armies of the Thirty Years' War
1421:The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy
1648:The Monastery of Augustinians in Brno
7:
105:Plan of the Siege of Brno in 1645 (
78:1645 siege of the Thirty Years' War
1424:. Harvard University Press. 2011.
1220:, at the expense of the conquered
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1544:. LRT Editions. 19 January 2013.
1478:. LRT Editions. 19 January 2013.
717:Swedish-French Period (1635–1648)
1446:"Brno :: Raduit de Souches"
588:Swedish intervention (1630–1635)
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1725:Sieges of the Thirty Years' War
536:Danish intervention (1625–1629)
416:Palatinate campaign (1620–1623)
1646:SAMEK, Bohumil a Jiří KREJČÍ.
1:
1596:. Bloomsbury. 10 March 2016.
1504:. Bloomsbury. 10 March 2016.
1691:"Národní digitální knihovna"
1677:"Národní digitální knihovna"
1206:Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches
261:Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches
1621:Guthrie, William P (2003).
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368:Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620)
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1234:Ferdinand II of Habsburg
1208:, in the service of the
1715:Sieges involving Sweden
1248:and on March 6, in the
50:more precise citations.
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225:Commanders and leaders
135:Margraviate of Moravia
121:3 May – 23 August 1645
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306:Casualties and losses
166:49.19250°N 16.60833°E
1349:Sigismund II Rákóczi
1252:, they defeated the
559:Lutter am Barenberge
296:Sigismund II Rákóczi
1639:František Matějek:
1625:. Greenwood Press.
1409:, pp. 142–143.
1202:Lennart Torstensson
238:Lennart Torstensson
162: /
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272:Georg Jacob Ogilvy
171:49.19250; 16.60833
107:Theatrum Europaeum
1730:Conflicts in 1645
1656:SEMOTANOVÁ, Eva.
1603:978-1-4088-4329-1
1577:978-0-521-47033-9
1551:978-2-917747-01-8
1528:. 14 August 2020.
1511:978-1-4088-4329-1
1485:978-2-917747-01-8
1431:978-0-674-06231-3
1298:Špilberk fortress
1232:In 1636, Emperor
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1277:Preparations
1270:Danube river
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1120:Lizard Point
971:Philippsburg
941:2nd Freiberg
916:Wolfenbüttel
861:1st Freiberg
856:2nd Breisach
834:Wittenweiher
824:Fuenterrabía
682:1st Breisach
667:Pfaffenhofen
194:Belligerents
91:Part of the
80:
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34:
1615:Works cited
1333:bombardment
1075: [
1038: [
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1014: [
996:Mergentheim
931:Schweidnitz
842: [
760: [
748: [
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514: [
480:Frankenthal
445:Mingolsheim
314:c. 250 dead
169: /
48:introducing
1704:Categories
1660:. Prague:
1632:0313052484
1391:References
1385:Korneuburg
1287:Protestant
1228:Background
1214:metropolis
1150:Lister Dyb
1011:Korneuburg
956:Tuttlingen
926:Honnecourt
876:Thionville
819:Saint Omer
774:Tornavento
647:Alte Veste
632:Maastricht
506:Érsekújvár
465:Heidelberg
392:Wisternitz
157:16°36′30″E
154:49°11′33″N
31:references
1363:Aftermath
1342:gunpowder
1330:artillery
1210:Habsburgs
1135:The Downs
1110:The Slaak
1100:Gibraltar
1023:Totenhöhe
1006:3rd Hulst
906:La Marfée
794:2nd Breda
789:Wittstock
757:Haselünne
725:Les Avins
662:Oldendorf
637:Nuremberg
607:Magdeburg
602:Frankfurt
569:Stralsund
554:Oldenzaal
485:Stadtlohn
435:Bacharach
430:Oppenheim
142:(now the
56:June 2024
1290:Huguenot
1244:via the
1177:Treaties
991:2nd Brno
976:Jüterbog
966:Freiburg
951:1st Brno
896:Preßnitz
891:Montjuïc
886:Cambrils
866:Chemnitz
692:Liegnitz
677:Konstanz
642:Wiesloch
475:Mannheim
289:Strength
126:Location
1373:Silesia
1369:Bohemia
1302:muskets
1222:Olomouc
1218:Moravia
1160:Fehmarn
1130:Channel
1125:Dunkirk
961:Kolding
911:Dorsten
804:Leipzig
672:Steinau
622:Bamberg
574:Wolgast
564:Groenlo
523:Hodonín
501:Humenné
470:Fleurus
450:Wimpfen
397:Bautzen
382:Lomnice
44:improve
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1338:Jesuit
1266:Vienna
1084:Prague
1072:Dachau
1052:Naples
1047:Triebl
986:Jankau
981:Bysjön
946:Rocroi
921:Kempen
901:Plauen
881:Salses
871:Melnik
851:Vlotho
745:Dömitz
730:Leuven
657:Lützen
612:Werben
511:Tyrnau
455:Höchst
440:Jülich
387:Sablat
377:Pilsen
182:Result
33:, but
1381:Krems
1345:mines
1308:Siege
1105:Genoa
1079:]
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846:]
839:Thann
829:Kallo
809:Hanau
799:Venlo
784:Somme
764:]
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699:]
652:Fürth
544:Breda
518:]
1627:ISBN
1598:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1383:and
1371:and
1318:Brno
1194:Brno
1188:The
1067:Lens
769:Raon
627:Rain
131:Brno
118:Date
1256:of
1216:of
1706::
1399:^
1387:.
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1077:de
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343:e
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