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737:
143:
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soldiers of various kinds. Viewing the
Florentine earthworks too substantial to easily take by assault, the Imperial army settled into a pattern of artillery duels and skirmishing with the defenders instead. Meanwhile, the lack of fighting in other portions of Italy drew thousands of unemployed soldiers to the Imperial army, substantially swelling its ranks; the new arrivals included
36:
1099:
780:, to relieve it. Ferruccio easily overran the Imperial troops; but, defying the orders of the Council of Ten, which called for him to remain in Volterra, he marched back to Empoli with the majority of his troops. This allowed a second, more successful Imperial assault to take place after his departure.
764:
were revealed to have been overstated. Although his sons had been released from Madrid, Francis did not wish to openly challenge
Charles so soon. While he did provide some sums of money to the Florentine merchants—money that, apparently, he had owed to them to begin with—he did not send any troops to
815:
Despite the attempts of some citizens to continue the resistance—as well as infighting within the city government—Florence could not hold out with
Ferruccio's army destroyed. On 10 August the representatives of the Republic surrendered to the Imperial forces. Baglioni and the remainder of his troops
752:
The significant progress made on the fortifications, and the delays in the
Imperial movement, strengthened the city's resolve to fight. On 5 October, The Prince of Orange resumed his march; by 24 October he had encamped his army on the hills around Florence. The city was garrisoned by some 8,000
685:
of the city; departing on 10 September after having fruitlessly warned the gonfaloniere that
Malatesta Baglioni would betray the city, he would nevertheless return in mid-November to take up his post once again, in which capacity he would continue to serve until the end of the siege.
650:
into Italy in 1526 as well as various
Italian companies no longer employed due to the denouement of the war. Florence, meanwhile, was preparing to resist the attack, raising nearly 10,000 militia and demolishing the parts of the city outside the walls.
662:. The Siennese, having little love for the Pope, provided it; but they delayed its arrival as long as they could. By 24 September the Imperial forces were still in Montevarchi, twenty-five miles from Florence, waiting for the promised cannon.
787:. The Prince of Orange, having arranged that Baglioni would not attack the Imperial forces in his absence, marched out with the larger portion of his army to intercept him. On 3 August 1530 the two armies met at the
288:
880:, 414. Guicciardini records that the Duke of Urbino suggested that the defenses would be stronger with the outlying districts intact; but that the Florentines did not know how to adequately fortify them.
783:
With the loss of
Volterra, Florentine hopes of opening a supply line into the city dwindled, and Florence looked to the arrival of Ferruccio with a relief army, which he had gathered around
598:
The
Republic resisted this incursion; but, left without allies and betrayed by many of the mercenaries in her employ, Florence was unable to keep fighting indefinitely. After the capture of
595:
also concluded treaties with the
Emperor, Florence was left to fight alone. Charles, attempting to gain Clement's favor, ordered his armies to seize Florence and return the Medici to power.
772:, which commanded the lines of communication to Florence, and whose citadel was still in Florentine hands. The Imperial forces attacked Volterra; the Florentines responded by dispatching
281:
1182:
420:
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In preparations for the defense of the city, a number of outlying convents and monasteries were destroyed, including the convent church of San
Giovanni Evangelista, the
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abandoned the city, and the Medici returned to power. Over the next few months, many of the Republic's leaders were executed or banished.
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The Prince of Orange proceeded towards Florence, gathering additional troops along the way. He was hampered by a lack of
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1056:
Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527–1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes
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757:, whose reputation for brutality was such that even Clement opposed allowing him to take part in the siege.
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698:
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791:; both The Prince of Orange and Ferruccio were killed, and the Florentine forces were decisively defeated.
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243:
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was sacked by troops in Imperial pay, many of Florence's most prominent citizens fled. Among these was
382:
697:, the convents of Monte Domini and Monticelli, the Camaldolese monastery of San Benedetto fuori della
362:
916:
706:
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At the conclusion of the Treaty of Bologna in the summer of 1529, Charles and Clement, the father of
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In Florence, meanwhile, confusion reigned. The Council of Ten urged surrendering to Clement; the
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259:
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1529–1530. Michelangelo served as Governor of Fortifications through the duration of the siege.
1069:
800:
577:
561:
522:
518:
206:
1087:
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began to plan an offensive against the Florentine Republic. The Prince of Orange arrived in
588:
560:
in 1527; the Florentine Republic had continued to participate in the war on the side of the
537:
surrounded the city and after a siege of nearly ten months, captured it. They overthrew the
514:
247:
230:
839:
748:
1534–1535. The victorious Imperial–Spanish troops installed Alessandro as Duke of Florence.
642:. The Prince of Orange was able to collect some 7,000 infantry, mostly the remnants of the
17:
745:
702:
673:
which the Republic had earlier hired refused to take the field against the Emperor. After
803:
on February 17, 1530, in defiance of the imperial troops. The "noble game" was played in
701:, San Donato in Polverosa, and San Giusto degli Ingesuati, together with its frescoes by
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526:
210:
151:
1146:
926:
682:
457:
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643:
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214:
1081:
610:, further resistance became impractical, and the city surrendered in August 1530.
142:
670:
35:
1068:. Translated by Sydney Alexander. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.
705:. Other works painted for San Giusto by Perugino, along with its altarpiece by
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674:
266:
1128:
1115:
935:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 148–149.
630:(with promises of additional funds later) by the Pope, and ordered to attack
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adamantly refused, and demanded that defensive works continue. A number of
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took place from 24 October 1529 to 10 August 1530, at the end of the
1028:. Automobile club d'Italia L'editrice dell'automobile. p. 26.
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681:, the artist and architect, who had been placed in command of the
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807:, only by distinguished soldiers, lords, noblemen and princes.
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Study of Fortification for the Porta al Prato of Ognissanti
1083:
Florence: her history and art to the fall of the republic
521:
agreed to restore the Medici family in Florence. A large
57:
768:
The focus of the fighting then shifted to the town of
760:
The promises of aid the Florentines had received from
626:
at the end of July; there, he was given some 30,000
127:
414:
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8:
62:introducing citations to additional sources
658:, and was forced to requisition some from
556:rule and established a republic after the
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407:
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1183:Sieges involving the Republic of Florence
513:. At the Congress of Bologna, the Medici
602:by the Imperial forces and the death of
52:Relevant discussion may be found on the
824:
1188:Sieges involving the Holy Roman Empire
765:relieve Florence, as he had promised.
531:Philibert of Châlon, Prince of Orange
27:Successful Habsburg siege of Florence
7:
776:, the commander of the garrison at
73:"Siege of Florence" 1529–1530
25:
1080:Hyett, Sir Francis Adams (1903).
1168:1530 in the Republic of Florence
1163:1529 in the Republic of Florence
1097:
166:24 October 1529 – 10 August 1530
141:
45:relies largely or entirely on a
34:
1:
1026:What's on in Italian Folklore
834:Historia de' Rossi Parmigiani
1178:Military history of Florence
1213:Military history of Tuscany
1208:War of the League of Cognac
511:War of the League of Cognac
300:War of the League of Cognac
135:War of the League of Cognac
18:Siege of Florence (1529–30)
1229:
1198:1529 in the Spanish Empire
1173:Sieges of the Italian Wars
832:Carrari, Vincenzo (1503).
545:as the ruler of the city.
799:The city held a match of
572:in 1529, however, led to
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438:
308:
220:
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132:
564:. The French defeats at
535:Pier Maria III de' Rossi
256:Pier Maria III de' Rossi
1062:Guicciardini, Francesco
1024:Monaco, Franco (1967).
932:Encyclopædia Britannica
725:Michelangelo Buonarroti
709:, are preserved in the
679:Michelangelo Buonarroti
1193:Sieges involving Spain
749:
728:
221:Commanders and leaders
187:Habsburg-Papal victory
917:Middleton, John Henry
742:Alessandro de' Medici
739:
719:
620:Alessandro de' Medici
543:Alessandro de' Medici
148:The Siege of Florence
1086:. Methuen. pp.
1066:The History of Italy
707:Domenico Ghirlandaio
539:Republic of Florence
495:Full list of battles
202:Republic of Florence
58:improve this article
1129:43.7833°N 11.2500°E
1125: /
774:Francesco Ferruccio
762:Francis I of France
744:. Oil on canvas by
691:Church of San Gallo
646:which had followed
634:(which was held by
604:Francesco Ferruccio
574:Francis I of France
244:Philibert of Orange
805:Piazza Santa Croce
789:Battle of Gavinana
755:Fabrizio Maramaldo
750:
729:
636:Malatesta Baglioni
608:Battle of Gavinana
593:Republic of Venice
582:Holy Roman Emperor
260:Ferrante I Gonzaga
239:Malatesta Baglioni
227:Francesco Ferrucci
1158:Conflicts in 1530
1153:Conflicts in 1529
578:Treaty of Cambrai
519:Emperor Charles V
507:siege of Florence
502:
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453:League of Cambrai
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56:. Please help
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43:This article
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1105:Italy portal
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740:Portrait of
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693:outside the
688:
667:gonfaloniere
664:
653:
644:landsknechts
617:
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568:in 1528 and
558:Sack of Rome
547:
506:
504:
494:
431:Italian Wars
377:
249:
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215:Papal States
196:Belligerents
147:
133:Part of the
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1132: /
838:. See also
699:Porta Pinti
671:condottieri
550:Florentines
529:army under
368:Capo d'Orso
353:South Italy
328:North Italy
1147:Categories
1120:11°15′00″E
1117:43°47′00″N
1049:References
1042:, 430–432.
1001:, 427–428.
988:, 428–429.
949:, 420–421.
906:, 418–419.
854:, 413–414.
836:. Ravenna.
675:Firenzuola
84:newspapers
840:this link
811:Aftermath
656:artillery
585:Charles V
580:with the
570:Landriano
483:1551–1559
478:1542–1546
473:1536–1538
463:1521–1526
448:1499–1504
443:1494–1498
373:Landriano
348:Catanzaro
323:Governolo
114:June 2013
54:talk page
919:(1911).
770:Volterra
640:Florence
600:Volterra
591:and the
523:Imperial
388:Gavinana
383:Monopoli
378:Florence
313:Camollia
176:Florence
171:Location
929:(ed.).
632:Perugia
614:Prelude
606:at the
587:. When
527:Spanish
250:†
233:†
178:, Italy
98:scholar
1072:
1058:(1976)
1014:, 429.
975:, 426.
962:, 422.
893:, 417.
867:, 414.
801:calcio
795:Calcio
778:Empoli
711:Uffizi
638:) and
628:ducats
566:Naples
562:French
554:Medici
458:Urbino
363:Aversa
358:Naples
246:
229:
184:Result
154:, 1558
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
925:. In
820:Notes
732:Siege
660:Siena
343:Malfi
338:Pavia
211:Spain
105:JSTOR
91:books
1090:–21.
1070:ISBN
785:Pisa
624:Rome
548:The
533:and
525:and
517:and
505:The
333:Rome
163:Date
77:news
1088:505
723:by
150:by
60:by
1149::
1064:.
713:.
1076:.
422:e
415:t
408:v
290:e
283:t
276:v
116:)
112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
64:.
50:.
20:)
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