1237:
166:
154:
1099:
128:
114:
140:
99:
39:
185:
1091:
1228:, which meant no relief was coming to Strasbourg. On 19 September the remaining civilians urged Uhrich to surrender the city, but he refused, believing a defense was still possible. However, that same day Werder stormed and captured the first of the city's fortifications. This event caused Uhrich to reconsider his ability to defend the city. On 27 September Uhrich opened negotiations with Werder, and the city surrendered the following day.
1327:
all causes by the end of the siege. The German
General Staff estimated 2,500 French combatants killed or wounded. A total of 341 civilians were killed by the bombardment and a further 600–2,000 wounded. An estimated 448 houses were completely destroyed and 10,000 inhabitants, including refugees, were rendered homeless. The German government compensated three quarters of the costs of the siege and occupation to the city.
200:
1204:
erected by pioneers and threw out the French outposts on the island. A French company from Jars island attempted a counterattack on the morning of 29 August, but was defeated by the
Landwehr company with the help of some troops of the Deutsch-Krone Landwehr Battalion. The Landwehr company sent some skirmishers to pursue the French to Jars island but these were withdrawn by 9 am back to Wacken.
909:
thousands were wounded. A total of 341 civilians were killed by the bombardment and a further 600–2,000 wounded. An estimated 448 houses were completely destroyed and 10,000 inhabitants were rendered homeless. The German siege operation was successful in clearing up railway lines to German forces in the French interior and freed up several divisions and a corps for operations along the
1187:
1114:, fortified it, and captured the Strasbourg suburb of Königshofen. Werder understood the value of capturing the city, and ruled out a lengthy siege of starvation. He instead decided on a quicker action, bombarding the fortifications and the civilian population into submission. The first shells fell on the city on 14 August.
1326:
and their supplies captured. The French
National Guards were dispersed. The Germans lost 936 officers and men, including 177 killed and died of wounds, 715 wounded and 44 missing. Horse losses were 78, of which 37 killed or died of wounds, 29 wounded and 12 missing. Some 861 French soldiers died from
908:
and considerable stores of supplies into German hands on 28 September. The French
National Guards were allowed to disperse. The Germans lost 936 troops. The besiegers expended 202,099 shells, with a weight of about 4,000 tons. Some 861 French soldiers died from all causes by the end of the siege and
1223:
Werder continued bombing the city, this time targeting selected fortifications. The German siege lines moved rapidly closer to the city as each fortress was turned into rubble. On 11 September, a delegation of Swiss officials went into the city to evacuate non-combatants. This delegation brought in
1219:
could not make it to the gorge of the Paté Lunette as the bridges had been destroyed. The French outwork maintained a continuous fire on the German siege batteries at Königshoffen and the outposts at
Lingolsheim. French inhabitants attempting to escape Strasbourg to the south were sent back to the
1203:
On the night of 28–29 August, the line of trenches was extended to cover the entire attack sector and communications were established along the line. Werder ordered the island of Wacken taken to cover the left flank. A company of the Konitz
Landwehr Battalion crossed a pontoon bridge that had been
1277:
and fortress guns remained in the city and its vicinity in readiness for future deployments. The rest of XIV Corps, including the Baden Field
Division, the 30th and 34th Prussian Regiments, two regiments of Reserve Light Cavalry and three batteries from the 1st Reserve Division, began their march
1194:
At 1000 on 28 August, the French garrison opened up with rifle and artillery fire. At 1200, two French companies sortied out from the covered way near the Stone Gate. A company of the
SchneidemĂĽhl Landwehr battalion repulsed the attack with some support and skirmished with the French until dark.
1305:
The
Germans, in contrast, made thorough preparations for every eventuality. While the initial terror bombardment was underway, arrangements for a regular siege operation continued undisturbed. The German siege lines were pushed energetically every day and failings were constantly critiqued and
1199:
and infantry fired from the No. 44 lunette against the
Prussian position at Kronenburg. A French detachment of several hundred men momentarily captured the outermost Prussian trenches but was then thrown back by the Prussian infantry's file-fire. Two Landwehr battalions from the Guard Landwehr
1301:
The French commandant surrendered the fortress despite possessing plentiful stocks of food and ammunition. The French garrison did not possess sufficient aggressiveness to disrupt the German preparations and left the most probable avenue of attack unprepared. The fortress and the city lacked
1173:
On 26 August, Werder decided to go ahead with formal siege operations against the fortress. On 27 August, he sent a report to royal headquarters on his intention to open the first parallel on the night of 29–30 August. The Germans had carried out preparations for the formal siege even as the
1178:, Neumühl and Vendenheim. By 24 August, the infantry had trained in the building of trenches by engineer officers. To reconnoiter the fortress more closely and cover the main approach, the German lines of outposts moved forward on 27 August after dark between Königshoffen and the
1272:
on 30 September. The Guard Landwehr division was sent to the siege of Paris by a railway line that had been opened by the fall of Toul. The 1st Reserve Division remained behind as Strasbourg garrison, the siege artillery was relocated to Vendenheim and the
1182:
to within 300 meters of the glacis. There was no French resistance. On the morning of 28 August, the lines of outposts were withdrawn back to their previous positions after pioneers had constructed sufficient cover in the rain.
1302:
accommodations capable of withstanding the powerful German breech-loading guns and the French fortress artillery, despite its numerical superiority, was quickly silenced and reduced to simple harassment fire.
1260:
advanced the railway terminus from Germany to the siege lines of Paris considerably to the west. Werder's troops were freed for operations in the French interior against the newly-raised Republican armies.
322:
840:
A shell shortage forced Werder to lower the intensity of the German fire on 26 August and switch to formal siege operations. The Germans dug their way closer to the fortress through
1174:
bombardment proceeded. These included entrenching tool depots at Bischheim and Suffelweyersheim and the platforms, artillery parks and materiel of the siege artillery at Kork,
1868:
1236:
1138:
to Werder each day he did not bomb the city. Uhrich refused to relent, and by 26 August Werder realized he could not keep up such a bombardment with the amount of
1098:
315:
815:
reached the fortress on 14 August and began to immediately bombard it. The defenses were largely obsolete and 7,000 of the 23,000-strong French garrison were
1828:
1863:
308:
1848:
584:
1122:
On 23 August Werder's siege guns opened fire on the city and caused considerable damage to the city and many of its historical landmarks. The
1725:
1789:
739:
624:
569:
579:
1833:
1765:
1265:
1053:
after Wörth and left only three battalions of regulars to hold Strasbourg. Stragglers from Wörth, various other remnant forces, 130
1838:
844:
parallels and destroyed specific sections of the defenses with concentrated bombardments. The siege progressed rapidly, French
1248:
l. holding a sword and a stump, the double headed Imperial Eagle on a shield at right. In the background a view of Strasbourg.
463:
1858:
1215:
approached the glacis and skirmished with the French to distract the garrison of the real axis of attack. A detachment from
1264:
The German siege artillery expended 202,099 shells before the city, some 4,000 tons of ammunition. Werder was promoted to
934:
669:
386:
721:
351:
619:
1853:
834:
599:
1753:
1290:
1245:
772:
639:
574:
104:
1269:
967:
726:
519:
212:
145:
1142:
he had. On 24 August, the Museum of Fine Arts was destroyed by fire, as was the Municipal Library housed in the
1717:
1123:
871:
689:
38:
346:
1843:
1147:
1064:
816:
644:
594:
559:
509:
1279:
1212:
855:
716:
589:
564:
539:
499:
494:
401:
914:
711:
699:
629:
504:
479:
435:
170:
165:
1090:
1103:
971:
875:
780:
765:
731:
649:
534:
514:
452:
414:
407:
371:
158:
153:
133:
70:
1143:
1079:
1046:
1003:
981:
893:
801:
761:
684:
664:
614:
554:
549:
440:
376:
356:
332:
194:
30:
1274:
1208:
996:
988:
963:
890:
830:
784:
609:
484:
474:
430:
184:
119:
930:
859:
776:
361:
1110:
On 11 August, Baden's force put Strasbourg under observation. They occupied the nearby town of
1761:
1721:
1075:
1054:
1043:
938:
827:
788:
705:
674:
659:
489:
457:
420:
189:
812:
679:
604:
544:
469:
425:
199:
854:
wall had been breached. At the same time, the defenders' morale was lowered by news of the
1225:
1007:
1000:
974:, which lay just across the Rhine from Strasbourg. Werder's force eventually included the
863:
694:
654:
634:
524:
446:
381:
366:
1127:
1776:
837:
were reduced to ash. Panic developed among the civilians but there was no capitulation.
1027:
1011:
529:
1822:
1253:
1162:
744:
396:
1686:, p. 110, of which 270 killed in action, 445 died from wounds, 146 of sickness.
822:. Desiring a quick surrender, the Germans began a terror bombardment to destroy the
1135:
1111:
1059:
867:
889:. With the city defenseless and a German assault imminent, the French commander,
1216:
1158:
1186:
1323:
1196:
1154:
1139:
1019:
942:
905:
792:
66:
1804:
1791:
1319:
1315:
1179:
1131:
1023:
992:
918:
901:
897:
805:
1151:
1071:
976:
850:
797:
1067:
985:
886:
882:
819:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1211:
were thrown forward to Neudorf and the Schachen Mill. Detachment from
300:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1577:
1575:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1422:
1420:
1283:
1241:
1050:
1015:
845:
841:
823:
1074:'s strength to 23,000. The fortress had at least 1,277 guns but no
1022:
and Kork had a total of 366 guns and mortars, with 320,404 shells,
1235:
1185:
1097:
1042:) was considered to be one of the strongest fortresses in France.
946:
917:. The deliberate German targeting of civilian morale presaged the
910:
809:
1758:
The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France 1870–1871
1257:
1244:, in the Franco-Prussian War (obverse). On French arms standing
1175:
1039:
1078:. The French commandant was the 68-year-old Lieutenant-General
304:
1627:
1625:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1200:
Division occupied this line of trenches in the evening.
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1134:, and the civilian population suggested paying 100,000
885:
and began a devastating close-range bombardment of the
826:
of the civilian population on 23 August. Explosive and
833:
were rained down on the city for four days and entire
1654:
1616:
1593:
1581:
1566:
1554:
1517:
1505:
1426:
1006:, a separate siege train of 200 field guns and 88
962:Werder's force was made up of 40,000 troops from
881:On 19 September the Germans captured their first
768:surrender of the fortress on 28 September 1870.
1746:The Franco-German War 1870–71: Part 2; Volume 3
1737:The Franco-German War 1870-71: Part 2; Volume 1
896:surrendered the fortress, 17,562 troops, 1,277
848:attempts were defeated and by 17 September the
23:
945:. The city commanded a bridgehead across the
316:
8:
1207:Baden picket lines at Weghäusel, Meinau and
1869:Battles involving the Grand Duchy of Baden
323:
309:
301:
20:
16:Siege during the Franco-German war in 1870
1318:pieces, 140,000 rifles, including 12,000
900:pieces, 140,000 rifles, including 12,000
1695:
1683:
1631:
1474:
1462:
1450:
1438:
1224:news of the defeat of the French at the
1089:
1335:
1289:Strasbourg was ceded to Germany in the
1240:German Medal 1870 Siege of Strasbourg,
1671:
1411:
1399:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
941:to move south against the fortress of
1314:The French lost 17,562 troops, 1,277
7:
1268:and his Siege Corps was formed into
1038:At the time, Strasbourg (along with
1018:and miners. The artillery parks at
43:Strasbourg in ruins after the siege
1252:The capture of Strasbourg and the
1010:, 6,000-foot artillerymen and ten
14:
1829:Sieges of the Franco-Prussian War
1778:The Franco-German War of 1870-71
1150:, with its unique collection of
980:Guard Division, the 1st Reserve
949:, threatening southern Germany.
198:
183:
164:
152:
138:
126:
112:
97:
37:
1106:on the night of 24 August 1870.
57:(1 month and 2 weeks)
1849:Military history of Strasbourg
1130:, went to Werder to beg for a
795:with the help of two Prussian
1:
1864:Battles involving WĂĽrttemberg
1744:German General Staff (1884).
1735:German General Staff (1880).
570:Chat Chateauneuf-en-Thimerais
248:177 killed and died of wounds
55:14 August – 28 September 1870
1748:. London: Clowes & Sons.
1739:. London: Clowes & Sons.
1220:town by the Baden soldiers.
804:which had been guarding the
1885:
1094:Detailled map of the siege
808:coast. This 40,000-strong
105:North German Confederation
1712:Chrastil, Rachel (2014).
1655:German General Staff 1880
1617:German General Staff 1880
1594:German General Staff 1884
1582:German General Staff 1880
1567:German General Staff 1880
1555:German General Staff 1880
1518:German General Staff 1880
1506:German General Staff 1880
1427:German General Staff 1880
939:General August von Werder
791:were detached to capture
342:
238:
221:
206:
176:
89:
47:
36:
28:
1834:Sieges involving Prussia
1718:Harvard University Press
1839:Sieges involving France
1760:. New York: Routledge.
1714:The Siege of Strasbourg
1266:General of the Infantry
1249:
1191:
1107:
1095:
935:Crown Prince Frederick
764:, and resulted in the
760:took place during the
277:1,277 artillery pieces
234:1,277 artillery pieces
177:Commanders and leaders
1859:September 1870 events
1239:
1189:
1101:
1093:
921:of the 20th century.
239:Casualties and losses
1124:Bishop of Strasbourg
1104:Strasbourg cathedral
1057:and elements of the
781:Grand Duchy of Baden
285:448 houses destroyed
229:366 guns and mortars
1801: /
1781:. New York: Harper.
1775:Moltke, H. (1892).
1414:, pp. 132–133.
1381:, pp. 218–219.
1306:quickly corrected.
1291:Treaty of Frankfurt
1102:The bombardment of
1080:Jean-Jacques Uhrich
1047:Patrice de MacMahon
894:Jean-Jacques Uhrich
762:Franco-Prussian War
758:siege of Strasbourg
670:Nuits Saint Georges
334:Franco-Prussian War
269:Thousands dispersed
217:Strasbourg fortress
195:Jean-Jacques Uhrich
31:Franco-Prussian War
24:Siege of Strasbourg
1854:August 1870 events
1805:48.5848°N 7.7506°E
1250:
1192:
1118:Terror bombardment
1108:
1096:
1076:military engineers
1055:marine infantrymen
891:Lieutenant-General
779:, troops from the
1727:978-0-674-72886-8
1716:. Cambridge, MA:
1520:, pp. 62–63.
1190:Map of the siege.
872:Army of the Rhine
789:August von Werder
753:
752:
600:Beaune-la-Rolande
299:
298:
293:600–2,000 wounded
267:Thousands wounded
190:August von Werder
85:
84:
1876:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1782:
1771:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1658:
1652:
1635:
1629:
1620:
1614:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1293:on 10 May 1871.
1148:Dominican Church
740:Belgian reaction
337:
335:
325:
318:
311:
302:
258:23,000 military
202:
188:
187:
169:
168:
157:
156:
144:
142:
141:
132:
130:
129:
122:
118:
116:
115:
103:
101:
100:
49:
48:
41:
21:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1819:
1818:
1810:48.5848; 7.7506
1809:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1774:
1768:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1661:
1653:
1638:
1630:
1623:
1615:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1312:
1299:
1234:
1226:Battle of Sedan
1171:
1120:
1088:
1036:
960:
955:
953:Opposing forces
931:Battle of Wörth
927:
860:Army of Châlons
754:
749:
736:
338:
333:
331:
329:
295:10,000 homeless
294:
292:
290:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
276:
272:
271:17,562 captured
270:
268:
266:
264:
260:
253:
251:
249:
247:
233:
228:
182:
171:French Republic
163:
162:
151:
139:
137:
136:
127:
125:
113:
111:
110:
98:
96:
73:
56:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1882:
1880:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1844:1870 in France
1841:
1836:
1831:
1821:
1820:
1784:
1783:
1772:
1766:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1726:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1698:, p. 220.
1688:
1676:
1674:, p. 138.
1659:
1636:
1634:, p. 217.
1621:
1598:
1596:, p. 205.
1586:
1571:
1559:
1522:
1510:
1479:
1477:, p. 214.
1467:
1465:, p. 109.
1455:
1443:
1441:, p. 110.
1431:
1429:, p. 13‡.
1416:
1404:
1402:, p. 132.
1383:
1371:
1369:, p. 139.
1359:
1357:, p. 218.
1347:
1345:, p. 217.
1334:
1332:
1329:
1311:
1308:
1298:
1295:
1233:
1230:
1170:
1167:
1119:
1116:
1087:
1084:
1065:National Guard
1035:
1032:
959:
956:
954:
951:
926:
923:
915:siege of Paris
817:National Guard
751:
750:
748:
747:
742:
735:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
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582:
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482:
477:
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467:
460:
455:
450:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
411:
404:
399:
394:
389:
387:Borny–Colombey
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
343:
340:
339:
330:
328:
327:
320:
313:
305:
297:
296:
281:50 locomotives
279:140,000 rifles
255:
241:
240:
236:
235:
230:
224:
223:
219:
218:
215:
209:
208:
207:Units involved
204:
203:
192:
179:
178:
174:
173:
148:
124:
123:
92:
91:
87:
86:
83:
82:
81:German victory
79:
75:
74:
65:
63:
59:
58:
53:
45:
44:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1881:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1817:
1814:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1767:0-415-26671-8
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1697:
1696:Chrastil 2014
1692:
1689:
1685:
1684:Chrastil 2014
1680:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1657:, p. 94.
1656:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1632:Chrastil 2014
1628:
1626:
1622:
1619:, p. 93.
1618:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1587:
1584:, p. 95.
1583:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1569:, p. 91.
1568:
1563:
1560:
1557:, p. 63.
1556:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1508:, p. 62.
1507:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:Chrastil 2014
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:Chrastil 2014
1459:
1456:
1453:, p. 61.
1452:
1451:Chrastil 2014
1447:
1444:
1440:
1439:Chrastil 2014
1435:
1432:
1428:
1423:
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1169:Formal attack
1168:
1166:
1164:
1163:ancient Roman
1160:
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1125:
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1070:improved the
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623:
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620:Loigny–Poupry
618:
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201:
196:
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167:
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159:French Empire
155:
149:
147:
135:
121:
109:
108:
107:
106:
94:
93:
88:
80:
77:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
60:
54:
51:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1786:
1777:
1757:
1745:
1736:
1713:
1691:
1679:
1589:
1562:
1513:
1470:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1407:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1313:
1304:
1300:
1288:
1263:
1251:
1222:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1172:
1128:Andreas Räss
1121:
1112:Schiltigheim
1109:
1060:Garde Mobile
1058:
1037:
975:
961:
928:
880:
868:encirclement
856:annihilation
849:
839:
796:
770:
757:
755:
727:2nd Buzenval
704:
590:Bretoncelles
520:1st Buzenval
505:Neu-Breisach
462:
445:
413:
406:
402:Mars-la-Tour
391:
287:
273:
261:
257:
244:
150:
95:
90:Belligerents
29:Part of the
18:
1808: /
1672:Moltke 1892
1412:Moltke 1892
1400:Moltke 1892
1379:Howard 1991
1367:Moltke 1892
1355:Howard 1991
1343:Howard 1991
1324:locomotives
1217:Lingolsheim
1197:wall pieces
1165:artifacts.
1159:Renaissance
1155:manuscripts
984:, with one
968:WĂĽrttemberg
913:and in the
906:locomotives
775:victory at
722:St. Quentin
700:Villersexel
630:Chateauneuf
480:Nompatelize
436:Noisseville
372:Lichtenberg
352:Wissembourg
347:SaarbrĂĽcken
250:715 wounded
213:Siege Corps
146:WĂĽrttemberg
1823:Categories
1793:48°35′05″N
1754:Howard, M.
1705:References
1320:Chassepots
1310:Casualties
1161:books and
1140:ammunition
1049:evacuated
1030:provided.
1020:Vendenheim
993:battalions
943:Strasbourg
929:After the
925:Background
919:total wars
902:Chassepots
828:incendiary
820:militiamen
793:Strasbourg
771:After the
732:Pontarlier
575:Thionville
535:Le Bourget
510:Châteaudun
408:Gravelotte
392:Strasbourg
377:Phalsbourg
291:341 killed
252:44 missing
232:23,000 men
227:40,000 men
67:Strasbourg
1796:7°45′02″E
1756:(1991) .
1331:Citations
1316:artillery
1280:Châtillon
1270:XIV Corps
1232:Aftermath
1132:ceasefire
1024:case shot
1012:companies
1004:batteries
997:squadrons
937:detached
898:artillery
806:North Sea
802:divisions
640:Beaugency
615:Villepion
555:Coulmiers
495:Châtillon
441:Bazeilles
357:Spicheren
262:Personnel
254:78 horses
1297:Analysis
1275:pioneers
1246:Germania
1213:Illkirch
1152:medieval
1072:garrison
1028:shrapnel
982:Division
977:Landwehr
887:bastions
866:and the
851:enceinte
835:quarters
798:Landwehr
787:General
785:Prussian
645:Fréteval
610:Villiers
585:Mézières
515:SĂ©lestat
485:Bellevue
475:Chevilly
458:Soissons
453:Montmédy
431:Beaumont
288:Civilian
283:captured
274:Material
265:861 dead
222:Strength
62:Location
1278:toward
1195:French
1157:, rare
1146:former
1068:militia
1044:Marshal
1016:sappers
1008:mortars
989:brigade
986:cavalry
964:Prussia
883:outwork
870:of the
858:of the
712:Lisaine
706:Le Mans
690:Bapaume
685:PĂ©ronne
665:Epuisay
660:Longeau
650:VendĂ´me
625:Orléans
550:La Fère
545:Belfort
490:Artenay
421:Buzancy
120:Prussia
1764:
1724:
1284:Troyes
1242:Alsace
1209:Neuhof
1144:Gothic
1136:francs
1051:Alsace
1034:French
958:German
846:sortie
842:trench
831:shells
824:morale
783:under
773:German
766:French
717:Longwy
695:Rocroi
680:Hallue
655:Pesmes
605:Varize
595:Amiens
560:Havana
500:Verdun
470:Sceaux
426:Nouart
382:Marsal
367:Bitche
197:
143:
131:
117:
102:
78:Result
71:France
1322:, 50
1086:Siege
1001:field
999:, 18
995:, 24
991:, 46
972:Baden
947:Rhine
911:Seine
904:, 50
864:Sedan
813:corps
810:siege
777:Wörth
675:Tours
635:Buchy
580:Ladon
565:Dreux
540:Dijon
525:Ognon
464:Paris
447:Sedan
362:Wörth
134:Baden
1762:ISBN
1722:ISBN
1282:and
1258:Toul
1254:fall
1176:Kehl
1063:and
1040:Metz
1026:and
970:and
876:Metz
756:The
530:Gray
415:Metz
397:Toul
245:936
52:Date
1256:of
1180:Aar
1014:of
874:in
862:at
1825::
1720:.
1662:^
1639:^
1624:^
1601:^
1574:^
1525:^
1482:^
1419:^
1386:^
1286:.
1126:,
1082:.
966:,
933:,
878:.
69:,
1770:.
1730:.
324:e
317:t
310:v
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