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849:. It was particularly noted for its brutality. The city was heavily outnumbered against the French. However, the desperate resistance put up by the Army of Reserve and its civilian allies had been heroic: a great part of the city lay in ruins, the garrison had suffered 24,000 deaths being augmented by 30,000 civilians dead.
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The French preparations were finally complete on 10 January 1809 and they commenced bombarding the Pillar
Redoubt and San Jose. By the end of the day, the San Jose walls were about to collapse. Palafox counter-attacked the French guns at 1 am on 11 January 1808 but this attack failed and the Spanish
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The French attack commenced on 24 January 1809 when three beachheads were captured across the Huerva river. The main assault began on 27 January 1809 through three breaches in the city walls. Lannes broke through two breaches and captured the battery at the south-eastern corner and also the convent
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who had been recovering from an earlier injury. Sickness was now creating problems on both sides. On the French side there were now only 20,000 fit infantry. At the same time new
Spanish forces were being created near the city under Francisco Palafox (younger brother of the General) and the Marquis
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Progress on the fortifications had been slow until the Battle of Tudela. After that, it was clear the French could attack at any moment and suddenly 60,000 volunteers were available. If the French had attacked quickly, then even this would not have helped. Due to the delay, however, the
Spanish had
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Inside the walls, the strong, almost entirely inflammable masonry homes and apartment buildings were laced together with internal passageways, making each block of the city its own barricaded fortress, with the numerous church buildings standing as keeps and strong-points, from which grapeshot and
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The French were unaware of this however and morale was low due to the apparent never-ending battle in the narrow streets. Disappointed with the slow progress, Lannes ordered the troops north of the river to make a second attack on San Lazaro and on 18 February 1809 this attack was successful. The
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on Monte
Torrero. On 21 December 1808, three batteries began bombarding these positions followed by an attack by twenty battalions of infantry which successfully drove the Spanish out of these positions. This initial success was to prove decisive as once again the French were able to deploy their
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in June–August. In that siege, the city had few fortifications, except for the medieval walls that could not withstand the French artillery bombardment. The defenders consisted of only a handful of regular troops and gunners, plus a mass of thousands of volunteers. They had, however, been able to
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To avoid being trapped, Castaños withdrew to Tudela and asked
Palafox to help him hold a line running South of the city towards Cascante, where he intended to confront Moncey's Corps before the arrival of Ney's 4th Corps. Palafox's deputy in the area, general O'Neylle demurred stating that he had
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The suffering of the city had been terrible with estimated deaths of 54,000 made up of 20,000 soldiers and 34,000 civilians. Lannes himself estimated that the population of
Saragossa had fallen from 55,500 to 15,000. The city considered the Florence of Spain was completely destroyed, losing many
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Individual battles were remarkable for their ferocity. At one point in the San
Augustin Convent, the French held the altar end of the chapel and exchanged shots for hours on end with the Spanish entrenched in the nave and the belfry. However, French superiority in equipment and training took its
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On 22 December 1808 Moncey formally demanded the surrender of the city but this was refused. Moncey then decided to concentrate his efforts on the southern side of the city and prepared attacks against the Pillar redoubt and against the San Jose convent. Preparations were also made for an attack
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By 19 February 1809 the
Spanish defence was failing and Palafox himself was seriously ill. He sent his aide to Lannes to discuss terms of surrender. He then resigned his military command in favour of General St. March, and his civil command of the city to a 33-member council of local citizens.
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When
Palafox's approval arrived, the French attack had already begun and got the Spanish in disarray. This battle was a major victory for the French, but the Spanish armies were able to flee, O'Neylle to Saragossa and Castaños to Madrid, escaping with the large majority of their war chests and
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The garrison would also be much stronger than in the first siege. Palafox had raised an additional 10–12,000 new recruits in
Saragossa plus a further 17,000 survivors of the Battle of Tudela. By the start of the siege Palafox had 32,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry and 10,000 armed volunteers.
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in between the armies of Blake and Castaños. Once they broke through they were to swing both north and south to envelope the remaining armies. In order to achieve this, Napoleon wanted the exposed Spanish armies to remain in their current advanced positions. To achieve this
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Under the terms of surrender the garrison marched out of the city and stacked their arms outside the Portillo gate. They had the choice of going into captivity or joining the French army. Of the 32,000 men at the start of the siege only 8,000 survived.
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Lannes was concerned about his rear and recalled Mortier's division which had been protecting the lines of communication between Madrid and Saragossa. On 26 January Mortier's army defeated a peasant militia of some 4–5,000 men at
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The Spanish defenders had been preparing for street fighting from the beginning. Lannes, however, had decided on a slow block-by-block siege of each individual fortification in order to minimise French casualties.
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From 17 January 1809 the French began a bombardment of the walls from the San Jose redoubt. Palafox knew the walls would not last long and prepared barricades in the city, turning it into a maze of small forts.
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The Spanish at this point missed their best chance to defeat the French. They did not appoint a Supreme Commander, so all the armies continued to operate independently. The main armies consisted of those of
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To the west, a solid rampart had been built outside the city walls, incorporating the Augustinian and Trinitarian convents. This provided a central gun battery, as well as a ditch that was 14-metres deep.
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1041:. Both of these corps left Tudela on 28 November and arrived at Saragossa on 30 November. They were about to commence the siege when Marshall Ney was ordered to take his army across the mountains to
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was over on 23 November 1808 but the siege of Saragossa did not commence until 20 December 1808. This allowed the Spanish sufficient time to build up the defences and to lay in supplies.
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By February illness was decimating the population of Saragossa and only 8,495 men remained of the original garrison of 32,000 men. There were 10,000 dead and 13,737 sick or wounded.
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with his 5th Corps. These troops arrived from Germany on 15 December giving a total of 38,000 infantry, 3,500 cavalry, 3,000 engineers, and 60 siege guns to attack Saragossa.
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The first offer of surrender was rejected and fighting resumed on 20 February 1809 but the civilian council quickly negotiated to end the fighting which ceased that evening.
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The terms of surrender allowed private property to be respected and a general amnesty was granted to the city. Although some looting took place the city was not sacked.
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There were now only 15,000 men under Moncey facing Saragossa which was insufficient for a siege. As a result, Moncey retired to Tudela to await reinforcements from
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from 15 June 1808 to 14 August 1808. This was one of the first times in history that a regular army was defeated by irregulars in street fighting.
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On 16 January 1809 the main Spanish outworks were in French hands. The French armies could now concentrate on breaching the walls of Saragossa.
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Gazan launched an attack on the same day against San Lazaro, however, this attack was unsuccessful due to the strength of the Spanish defence.
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Since September 1808, Colonel Sangenís had been working on a number of modern fortifications. To the south, the city was protected by the
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1103:. Mortier was then the senior officer however he worked in partnership with Junot until he was himself reassigned on 2 January 1809.
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A History of the Peninsular War vol. 2: Jan.–Sept. 1809 – From the Battle of Corunna to the end of the Talavera Campaign
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toll, and thousands were falling daily both in the fighting and to disease, which was rampant throughout the city.
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stormed the position. The Spanish had already left destroying the bridge across the Huerva river at the same time.
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On the key position of Monte Torrero, Sangenís built an entrenched military camp using the Aragon Canal as a moat.
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Amid bitter street fighting, French infantry assault the defenders of a church during the siege. Illustration by
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San Lazaro was fortified with a rampart protected by waterways and the two convents on the north side of the
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On 29 December 1808 Moncey was reassigned to Madrid and was replaced in command of the 3rd corps by General
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This marked the end of this phase of the siege with the final phase of vicious street fighting to follow.
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Supplies of Food and ammunition were sufficient for three months plus private stocks held by townspeople.
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was assigned to the north, Mortier's corps was posted to the west, and Moncey's corps went to the south.
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On 20 December the French forces arrived again at Zaragoza. Moncey split his forces: One division under
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To prevent the danger of magazine explosions, the city manufactured its gunpowder as it was needed.
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main gun batteries on Monte Torrero and were ultimately successful in breaching the southern wall.
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After the Battle of Tudela two corps had been available to attack Saragossa – the 3rd corps under
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The French had also suffered losing about 10,000 men – 4,000 in battle and the rest to sickness.
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The French attack on the Pillar Redoubt continued until the night of 15–16 January 1808 when the
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Palafox himself was harshly treated by the French who imprisoned him as a traitor at Vincennes.
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This article is about the siege that took place in 1809. For the siege a year earlier, see
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inflict heavy casualties on the French at the barricades in the narrow winding streets.
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Most of the city lay in ruins, and around 54,000 people had perished in the siege.
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strict orders not to cross the borders of Aragon (Tudela is located in Navarre).
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or the houses of the kingdom, the government headquarters of the medieval era.
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1380:"Napoleonic Wars in the Iberian Peninsula: Battles in Spain during 1809"
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Considerable changes occurred in the defences of Saragossa after the
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On 21 November 1808, the French 3rd Corps crossed the Ebro River at
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time to improve the fortifications and obtain sufficient supplies.
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northern part of Saragossa could now be attacked with artillery.
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958:'s column reached the Upper Douro valley and headed for Tudela.
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1454:"Second Siege of Saragossa, 20 December 1808–20 February 1809"
877:(2 May) uprising the city had already successfully resisted a
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173:. Depicts the fighting of February 8, 1809. Oil on canvas.
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Phase 1: The outworks 20 December 1808 – 15 January 1809
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Phase 3: Street fighting 28 January – 20 February 1809
924:. Blake was the most active, but he was defeated at
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966:cannons. The stage was now set for a second siege.
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1542:The Spanish Ulcer, A History of the Peninsular War
1505:
1434:
1383:
1359:
1495:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1118:Phase 2: Attacking the walls, 16–27 January 1809
1008:counter-battery fire could command the streets.
3845:England expects that every man will do his duty
1414:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
1362:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905)
1294:
143:
1477:. Archived from the original on 6 October 2009
884:Further defeats – especially the surrender of
1661:
1080:The first key objective was the weak Spanish
845:(also known as Saragossa) in 1809 during the
829:The surrender of Zaragoza, by Maurice Orange.
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8:
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1958:
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1654:
1646:
934:'s plan was to attack in strength towards
809:Map (1868) of the second siege of Zaragoza
443:
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421:
140:
1342:
1134:of Lazan (older brother of the General).
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:1808–1809 siege during the Peninsular War
3942:Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe
1614:
1282:
1270:
1318:
1306:
1236:
1991:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
1488:
1330:
1258:
3673:Spanish American wars of independence
1146:of Santa Engracia in the south-west.
7:
1580:(Spanish) at asociacionlossitios.com
1045:where he was to prevent the army of
67:adding citations to reliable sources
3658:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
1403:Die Hard! Famous Napoleonic Battles
1401:Haythornthwaite, Philip J. (1996).
1129:In January Junot was replaced with
185:19 December 1808 – 20 February 1809
1556:Oman, Charles (new edition 2004).
25:
3533:Frederick William III of Prussia
3513:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
1602:
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43:
3653:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
3583:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
1107:troops withdrew into the city.
997:had been made into fortresses.
408:6,000 dead or wounded in combat
54:needs additional citations for
3568:Prince Regent John of Portugal
3478:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
3423:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
3418:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
1226:Timeline of the Peninsular War
1189:Spanish campaign in early 1809
859:Spanish campaign in early 1809
837:was the French capture of the
457:Napoleon's campaign, 1808–1809
1:
3947:Battles involving Switzerland
3593:Prince Charles John of Sweden
171:Louis-François, Baron Lejeune
78:"Siege of Zaragoza" 1809
3937:Military history of Zaragoza
3897:Sieges of the Peninsular War
1584:Battles in Spain During 1809
1504:Esdaile, Charles J. (2003).
1433:(in Spanish). Archived from
1112:1st Polish Vistula Regiment
392:30,000 regulars and militia
3973:
3957:Military history of Aragon
3428:Frederick I of Württemberg
1798:Confederation of the Rhine
1206:emblematic buildings like
31:
3588:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
3578:William, Prince of Orange
3388:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
1717:French Invasion of Russia
1683:
1631:Second siege of Zaragoza
1597:Second Siege of Saragossa
1412:Napoleon and his marshals
464:
402:
383:
310:
247:
177:
156:
148:
18:Siege of Saragossa (1809)
3498:Archduke John of Austria
3493:Prince von Schwarzenberg
3338:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
1609:Sitio de Zaragoza (1809)
1037:and the 6th Corps under
950:and headed east towards
489:Battle of Burgos/Gamonal
398:20,000 Spanish civilians
144:Second siege of Zaragoza
34:Siege of Zaragoza (1808)
3902:Sieges involving France
3433:Frederick VI of Denmark
3383:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
2173:Greater Poland uprising
1996:Duc d'Enghien Execution
1358:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
1208:Abbey of Santa Engracia
1092:opposite the castle of
896:to withdraw behind the
164:Assaut du monastère de
3907:Sieges involving Spain
3553:Ferdinand VII of Spain
2001:Coronation of Napoleon
1578:Los Sitios de Zaragoza
1512:. Palgrave MacMillan.
1475:"Napoleon's Total War"
1410:MacDonell, A. (2015).
830:
822:
810:
311:Commanders and leaders
3840:Conference of Dresden
3749:Paris (February 1812)
3678:Swedish–Norwegian War
3503:Alexander I of Russia
1540:Gates, David (2002).
828:
816:
808:
565:: Napoleon's invasion
415:34,000 civilians dead
410:6,000 died of disease
403:Casualties and losses
3932:February 1809 events
3922:December 1808 events
3794:Fontainebleau (1814)
3348:Louis-Nicolas Davout
2269:Invasion of Portugal
1622:Battle of Somosierra
1611:at Wikimedia Commons
1593:at georgianindex.net
1388:on 25 September 2017
1295:Haythornthwaite 1996
928:on 31 October 1808.
908:on the north coast,
799: current battle
363:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
63:improve this article
3927:January 1809 events
3820:Bourbon Restoration
3563:Maria I of Portugal
3548:Prince of Hohenlohe
3538:Gebhard von Blücher
2481:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
1788:Swiss Confederation
1599:at historyofwar.org
1560:. Greenhill Books.
1460:on 21 December 2019
1309:, pp. 159–163.
1191:proceeded with the
1096:in the north-west.
216: /
3835:Continental System
3830:Congress of Erfurt
3754:Paris (March 1812)
3528:Peter Wittgenstein
3453:Duke of Wellington
3408:Prince Poniatowski
3373:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3358:Auguste de Marmont
2753:Arroyo dos Molinos
2601:Walcheren Campaign
2591:Armistice of Znaim
2486:Dalmatian Campaign
2411:Tyrolean Rebellion
1589:2016-03-03 at the
1508:The Peninsular War
1405:. London: Cassell.
1101:Jean-Andoche Junot
869:Historical context
831:
823:
811:
220:41.6500°N 0.8833°W
3912:Conflicts in 1809
3884:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3872:Types of military
3668:Russo-Turkish War
3663:Russo-Persian War
3631:Anglo-Turkish War
3626:Anglo-Swedish War
3621:Anglo-Spanish War
3616:Anglo-Russian War
3543:Duke of Brunswick
3446:political leaders
3326:political leaders
3310:
3309:
2315:Medina de Rioseco
2037:Haslach-Jungingen
1971:French Revolution
1948:
1947:
1731:Seventh Coalition
1644:
1643:
1638:Battle of Sahagún
1634:Succeeded by
1607:Media related to
1439:on 6 October 2020
1429:militari (2020).
1378:georgian (2017).
873:As a part of the
861:started with the
835:siege of Zaragoza
557:
556:
514:1st Molins de Rei
419:
418:
327:Jeannot de Moncey
243:
242:
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
3964:
3648:Dano-Swedish War
3636:Anglo-Danish War
3488:Archduke Charles
3403:Jérôme Bonaparte
3319:
3252:Castel di Sangro
3161:Fère-Champenoise
2814:García Hernández
2728:Fuentes de Oñoro
2244:Guttstadt-Deppen
1981:Second Coalition
1959:
1940:French Royalists
1747:
1696:Fourth Coalition
1670:
1663:
1656:
1647:
1618:Preceded by
1615:
1606:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1511:
1500:
1494:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1456:. Archived from
1452:Rickard (2008).
1448:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1431:"De Re Militari"
1425:
1406:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1387:
1382:. Archived from
1374:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1028:Battle of Tudela
910:General Castaños
894:Joseph Bonaparte
890:Battle of Bailén
798:
791:
785:
778:
773:
768:
761:
756:
751:
744:
739:
732:
727:
720:
715:
710:
703:
698:
693:
686:
681:
676:
671:
664:
659:
652:
647:
640:
635:
628:
623:
616:
611:
604:
599:
594:
587:
586:
580:
573:
459:
458:
445:
438:
431:
422:
376:
375:
374:
361:
360:
349:
348:
337:
336:
325:
324:
303:
301:
300:
288:
277:
276:
268:
264:
262:
261:
231:
230:
228:
227:
226:
225:41.6500; -0.8833
221:
217:
214:
213:
212:
209:
179:
178:
161:
141:
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
21:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3952:Duchy of Warsaw
3887:
3886:
3885:
3876:
3803:
3687:
3608:
3602:
3558:Miguel de Álava
3523:Pyotr Bagration
3518:Count Bennigsen
3508:Mikhail Kutuzov
3473:Thomas Cochrane
3445:
3443:
3437:
3398:Louis Bonaparte
3325:
3323:
3322:French and ally
3306:
3190:
3106:Château-Thierry
3069:
2933:
2904:Maloyaroslavets
2762:
2676:
2630:
2421:Yevenes/Yébenes
2379:
2295:Rosily Squadron
2273:
2197:
2163:Waren-Nossentin
2091:
2022:Cape Finisterre
2005:
1976:First Coalition
1954:
1944:
1851:
1844:
1755:
1751:
1742:
1736:
1724:Sixth Coalition
1710:Fifth Coalition
1689:Third Coalition
1679:
1677:Napoleonic Wars
1674:
1635:
1630:
1628:Napoleonic Wars
1619:
1591:Wayback Machine
1574:
1537:
1535:Further reading
1524:
1522:
1520:
1503:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1473:Weider (2009).
1472:
1463:
1461:
1451:
1442:
1440:
1428:
1422:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1389:
1377:
1368:
1366:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1238:
1234:
1222:
1193:Battle of Uclés
1185:
1155:
1131:Marshall Lannes
1120:
1078:
1066:
1058:Marshal Mortier
1024:
972:
918:General Palafox
871:
863:Battle of Uclés
855:
803:
802:
801:
800:
796:
793:
792:
788:
786:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
745:
742:
740:
733:
730:
728:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
665:
662:
660:
653:
650:
648:
641:
638:
636:
629:
626:
624:
617:
614:
612:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
588:
584:
581:
574:
566:
558:
553:
460:
456:
452:
451:
449:
414:
413:30,000 military
409:
397:
395:
393:
389:50,000 regulars
378:José de Palafox
372:
370:
367:
355:
343:
339:Édouard Mortier
331:
319:
298:
296:
293:
279:Duchy of Warsaw
271:
259:
257:
256:
224:
222:
218:
215:
210:
207:
205:
203:
202:
201:
162:
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3970:
3968:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3889:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3867:Longwood House
3864:
3863:
3862:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3573:Count of Feira
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3468:Horatio Nelson
3465:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3378:Marshal Victor
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3156:Arcis-sur-Aube
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2899:Venta del Pozo
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2774:Ciudad Rodrigo
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2652:Ciudad Rodrigo
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2626:Alba de Tormes
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2526:Aspern-Essling
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2128:Jena–Auerstedt
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1900:Ottoman Empire
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1860:United Kingdom
1856:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1830:Ottoman Empire
1827:
1825:Denmark–Norway
1822:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1768:Polish Legions
1765:
1759:
1757:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1703:Peninsular War
1699:
1692:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1632:
1625:
1613:
1612:
1600:
1594:
1581:
1573:
1572:External links
1570:
1569:
1568:
1566:978-1853675898
1553:
1552:
1550:978-0712697309
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1518:
1501:
1470:
1449:
1426:
1421:978-1516853144
1420:
1407:
1398:
1375:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1343:MacDonell 2015
1335:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1261:, p. 393.
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1184:
1181:
1154:
1151:
1119:
1116:
1077:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1035:Marshal Moncey
1023:
1020:
971:
968:
941:Marshal Moncey
892:– forced King
886:General Dupont
870:
867:
854:
851:
847:Peninsular War
819:Jules Girardet
795:
794:
787:
780:
775:
770:
763:
758:
753:
746:
741:
734:
729:
722:
717:
712:
705:
700:
695:
688:
683:
678:
673:
666:
661:
654:
649:
642:
637:
630:
625:
618:
613:
606:
601:
596:
589:
582:
575:
568:
567:
563:Peninsular war
561:
560:
559:
555:
554:
552:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
465:
462:
461:
454:Peninsular War
450:
448:
447:
440:
433:
425:
417:
416:
411:
405:
404:
400:
399:
390:
386:
385:
381:
380:
368:
366:
365:
353:
341:
329:
316:
313:
312:
308:
307:
294:
282:
281:
269:
253:
250:
249:
245:
244:
241:
240:
239:French victory
237:
233:
232:
193:
191:
187:
186:
183:
175:
174:
166:Santa Engracia
154:
153:
151:Peninsular War
146:
145:
137:
136:
51:
49:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3969:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:1809 in Spain
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:Miscellaneous
3806:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3483:Manuel Lapeña
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:Prince Eugène
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3363:André Masséna
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3343:Joachim Murat
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3287:Rocheserviere
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
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1070:General Gazan
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906:General Blake
901:
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394:1,400 cavalry
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133:
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122:
119:December 2013
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
19:
3855:Grande Armée
3815:Bibliography
3799:Paris (1815)
3759:Paris (1814)
3744:Paris (1810)
3724:Finckenstein
3699:Campo Formio
3458:Rowland Hill
3444:military and
3324:military and
3297:Rocquencourt
3166:Saint-Dizier
3136:Bar-sur-Aube
3091:Mincio River
2586:Schöngrabern
2365:2nd Zaragoza
2364:
2305:1st Zaragoza
2259:Stralsund II
2108:Campo Tenese
2082:Schöngrabern
2067:Cape Ortegal
2017:Diamond Rock
1895:Papal States
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1636:
1627:
1620:
1557:
1541:
1523:. Retrieved
1507:
1479:. Retrieved
1462:. Retrieved
1458:the original
1441:. Retrieved
1436:the original
1411:
1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1385:the original
1367:. Retrieved
1361:
1352:Bibliography
1338:
1326:
1319:Rickard 2008
1314:
1307:Esdaile 2003
1302:
1297:, chapter 4.
1290:
1278:
1266:
1215:
1212:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1186:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1090:
1087:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1043:New Castille
1032:
1025:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
999:
992:
988:
984:Huerva River
981:
973:
970:The defences
964:
960:
945:
930:
902:
883:
872:
856:
834:
832:
529:2nd Zaragoza
528:
283:
248:Belligerents
163:
149:Part of the
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
29:
3683:War of 1812
3641:Gunboat War
3598:Louis XVIII
3353:Jean Lannes
3267:Quatre Bras
3257:San Germano
3207:Occhiobello
3096:Champaubert
3086:La Rothière
3010:San Marcial
2894:2nd Polotsk
2859:1st Polotsk
2844:Majadahonda
2784:Villagarcia
2713:Campo Maior
2501:Piave River
2426:Ciudad Real
2416:Villafranca
2285:Dos de Mayo
2234:Stralsund I
1986:18 Brumaire
1920:Netherlands
1818:Württemberg
1544:. Pimlico.
1331:Weider 2009
1259:Bodart 1908
1039:Marshal Ney
976:first siege
956:Marshal Ney
879:first siege
875:Dos de Mayo
351:Jean Lannes
290:Switzerland
223: /
3891:Categories
3825:Casualties
3739:Schönbrunn
3714:Artlenburg
3463:John Moore
3368:Michel Ney
3237:Scapezzano
3227:Cesenatico
3171:Montmartre
3101:Montmirail
3035:Wartenburg
2990:Großbeeren
2849:Gorodechno
2839:Klyastitsy
2819:Saltanovka
2708:Casal Novo
2581:Hollabrunn
2566:Korneuburg
2360:Somosierra
2264:Copenhagen
2087:Austerlitz
2077:Dürenstein
1813:Westphalia
1756:and allies
1232:References
995:Ebro River
898:Ebro River
853:Background
697:Somosierra
504:Somosierra
208:41°39′00″N
89:newspapers
3789:Casalanza
3764:Tauroggen
3719:Pressburg
3704:Lunéville
3609:conflicts
3442:Coalition
3292:La Suffel
3242:Tolentino
3126:Montereau
3111:Vauchamps
3060:Bornhöved
3015:Dennewitz
2960:Tarragona
2909:Chashniki
2809:Salamanca
2733:Tarragona
2657:Barquilla
2611:Almonacid
2571:Stockerau
2541:Stralsund
2511:2nd Porto
2491:Ebelsberg
2461:Abensberg
2431:1st Porto
2391:Castellón
2375:Benavente
2340:Valmaseda
2254:Friedland
2249:Heilsberg
2219:Ostrołęka
2209:Mohrungen
2143:Magdeburg
2072:Amstetten
2057:Trafalgar
2042:Elchingen
2027:Wertingen
1925:Brunswick
1850:Coalition
1183:Aftermath
1094:Aljafería
1064:The siege
1022:The delay
952:Calahorra
922:Saragossa
544:Cacabelos
534:Castellón
524:Benavente
479:Valmaseda
469:Barcelona
211:0°53′00″W
3860:Uniforms
3774:Chaumont
3692:Treaties
3393:Joseph I
3333:Napoleon
3277:Waterloo
3217:Casaglia
3181:Toulouse
3065:Sehested
3040:Bidassoa
3020:2nd Kulm
3005:1st Kulm
2995:Katzbach
2985:Sorauren
2980:Pyrenees
2945:Castalla
2929:Berezina
2919:Smoliani
2889:Tarutino
2874:Borodino
2864:Valutino
2854:Smolensk
2824:Ostrovno
2794:Maguilla
2758:Valencia
2748:Saguntum
2596:Talavera
2476:Ratisbon
2466:Landshut
2441:Bergisel
2436:Medellín
2350:Espinosa
2310:Valencia
2183:Czarnowo
2153:Pasewalk
2148:Prenzlau
2123:Saalfeld
2062:Caldiero
2032:Günzburg
1910:Sardinia
1885:Portugal
1587:Archived
1491:cite web
1220:See also
1082:outworks
1047:Castaños
932:Napoleon
843:Zaragoza
841:city of
675:Zaragoza
593:125miles
539:Mansilla
509:Cardedeu
494:Espinosa
396:160 guns
384:Strength
195:Zaragoza
190:Location
3607:Related
3186:Bayonne
3151:Craonne
3121:Mormant
3081:Brienne
3055:Nivelle
3045:Leipzig
3000:Dresden
2970:Vitoria
2955:Bautzen
2924:Krasnoi
2869:Mesoten
2829:Vitebsk
2789:Almaraz
2779:Badajoz
2738:Albuera
2723:Almeida
2718:Sabugal
2703:Redinha
2693:Barrosa
2672:Bussaco
2667:Almeida
2647:Astorga
2616:Tamames
2576:Gefrees
2531:Alcañiz
2471:Eckmühl
2401:Corunna
2370:Sahagún
2335:Zornoza
2330:Vimeiro
2300:Cabezón
2224:Kolberg
2193:Pułtusk
2188:Golymin
2178:Hamelin
2158:Stettin
2118:Schleiz
1963:Prelude
1955:battles
1930:Hanover
1875:Prussia
1865:Austria
1803:Bavaria
1783:Etruria
1778:Holland
1750:France,
1743:gerents
1140:Alcañiz
948:Logrono
926:Zornoza
920:around
912:around
888:at the
839:Spanish
772:Zornoza
598:Corunna
549:Corunna
519:Sahagún
474:Zornoza
103:scholar
3784:Mantua
3734:Cintra
3729:Tilsit
3709:Amiens
3247:Ancona
3232:Pesaro
3202:Panaro
3131:Orthez
3116:Garris
3030:Roßlau
3025:Göhrde
2965:Luckau
2950:Lützen
2914:Vyazma
2884:Burgos
2879:Moscow
2834:Kobryn
2743:Usagre
2698:Pombal
2688:Gebora
2561:Wagram
2521:Tarvis
2496:Girona
2456:Raszyn
2446:Sacile
2355:Tudela
2345:Burgos
2325:Roliça
2320:Bailén
2239:Mileto
2229:Danzig
2168:Lübeck
2133:Erfurt
2052:Verona
1935:Nassau
1915:Sweden
1905:Persia
1890:Sicily
1870:Russia
1852:forces
1835:Persia
1808:Saxony
1793:Naples
1763:France
1741:Belli-
1564:
1548:
1525:18 May
1516:
1481:18 May
1464:18 May
1443:17 May
1418:
1392:17 May
1369:17 May
1051:Madrid
936:Burgos
914:Tudela
797:
714:Tudela
499:Tudela
302:
266:France
263:
236:Result
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
3850:Films
3282:Wavre
3272:Ligny
3262:Gaeta
3222:Ronco
3212:Carpi
3176:Paris
3146:Reims
3050:Hanau
2642:Cádiz
2621:Ocaña
2606:Ölper
2551:María
2516:Wörgl
2506:Grijó
2406:Valls
2396:Uclés
2290:Bruch
2214:Eylau
2138:Halle
2113:Maida
2103:Gaeta
1953:Major
1880:Spain
1840:Spain
1773:Italy
755:Roses
591:200km
484:Roses
305:Spain
199:Spain
110:JSTOR
96:books
3779:Kiel
3769:Ried
3315:Info
3302:Issy
3195:1815
3141:Laon
3074:1814
2938:1813
2804:Ekau
2767:1812
2681:1811
2635:1810
2556:Graz
2546:Raab
2384:1809
2278:1808
2202:1807
2096:1806
2010:1805
1562:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1527:2021
1514:ISBN
1497:link
1483:2021
1466:2021
1445:2021
1416:ISBN
1394:2021
1371:2021
1187:The
1026:The
916:and
857:The
833:The
182:Date
82:news
2799:Mir
2662:Côa
2047:Ulm
169:by
65:by
3893::
1493:}}
1489:{{
1239:^
1195:.
1142:.
1053:.
954:.
865:.
651:10
639:11
627:12
615:13
603:14
197:,
1669:e
1662:t
1655:v
1529:.
1499:)
1485:.
1468:.
1447:.
1424:.
1396:.
1373:.
1345:.
1333:.
1321:.
1285:.
1273:.
821:.
777:1
760:2
743:3
731:4
719:5
702:6
685:7
680:8
663:9
444:e
437:t
430:v
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
107:·
100:·
93:·
86:·
59:.
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
