544:
286:
1736:
606:
the surrender terms, the
Russians had to leave behind most of their artillery but were allowed to retain their banners after a ceremony in which they were laid before King Władysław. They also had to promise not to engage Commonwealth forces for the next three months. Shein's forces numbered around 12,000 at the time of their capitulation, but over 4,000, including most of the foreign contingent, immediately decided to defect to the Commonwealth.
57:
590:, significantly restricted Russian mobility, forcing them to stay in their trenches. In a series of fierce engagements, Commonwealth forces gradually overran the Russian field fortifications, and the siege reached its final stages by late September. On 28 September 1633, Commonwealth forces took the main Russian supply points, and by 4 October the siege had been broken.
394:, and others. Based on archival documents, the Russian historian Menshikov gives the initial number of Shein's army at Smolensk as 24,000 men but indicates that the number reduced to 20,000 by August when many Russian soldiers left the army to protect their estates endangered by the Crimean khan's summer raid on South Russia.
466:
bombardment, Shein ordered an assault, which was repulsed by the Polish defenders. Nonetheless the siege was progressing; Smolensk's fortifications were being eroded, and the defenders were suffering heavy casualties and running out of supplies. By June 1633, some soldiers started to desert, and others talked of surrender.
386:. Estimates of the size of the Russian forces vary, from 20,000 through 25,000 and 30,000 to 34,500, with 160 artillery pieces. However, the numbers over 25,000 give the overall number of Shein's army when leaving Moscow. A part of this army was left behind as garrisons in newly-conquered cities such as
605:
Shein began surrender negotiations in
January 1634, and by February they were in full swing. The Russians finally signed a surrender treaty on 25 February 1634, and on 1 March they vacated their camp. (Some scholars, such as Rickard and Black, give the date of 1 March for Shein's capitulation.) Under
593:
Shein's army retreated to its main camp, which was in turn surrounded by
Commonwealth forces in mid-October. The besieged Russians waited for relief, but none arrived, as Commonwealth and Cossack cavalry had been sent to disrupt the Russian rear. Some historians also cite dissent and internal
465:
around the fortress. Using tunnels and mines, his forces damaged a long section of the city wall and one of its towers. Russian heavy artillery, mostly of
Western manufacture, reached Smolensk in December 1632 with even heavier guns arriving the following March. After a preliminary artillery
571:. King Władysław IV, a great supporter of the modernization of the Commonwealth army, proved to be a good tactician, and his innovations in the use of artillery and fortifications based on Western ideas greatly contributed to the eventual Polish-Lithuanian success. He had replaced the old
325:
organised a relief force. In a series of fierce engagements, Commonwealth forces gradually overran the
Russian field fortifications, and by 4 October the siege had broken. Shein had become besieged in his camp, and began surrender negotiations in January 1634, capitulating around 1 March.
853:Меньшиков Д. Н. (2010). «Перечневая роспись ратных людей под Смоленском 141-го года» // Затишье перед бурей. Боевые действия под Смоленском в июле-августе 1633 года // Война и оружие: Новые исследования и материалы. Научно-практическая конференция 12-14 мая 2010 г. СПб., Ч. II. С. 107
532:), arrived near Smolensk; they reached Orsha on 17 August 1633. By the first days of September, the main body of the relief forces approaching Smolensk numbered around 14,000. The Russian army, recently reinforced, numbered 25,000. Only when Cossack reinforcements, led by
481:, the highest tax contribution during Władysław's entire reign) for the raising of a suitable force in Spring 1633. The intended relief force would have an effective strength of about 21,500 men and would include: 24
525:. Hetman Radziwiłł also managed to break through the Russian lines on several occasions, bringing about 1,000 soldiers and supplies into Smolensk to reinforce the fortress and raising the defenders' morale.
1953:
520:
to Bajów and later, Krasne. By
February 1633, they had amassed around 4,500 soldiers, including over 2,000 infantry, and were engaged in raiding the rear areas of the Russian besiegers to disrupt their
543:
321:
began the siege of
Smolensk on 28 October. The Polish garrison under Samuel Drucki-Sokoliński numbered about 3,000. The fortress held out for nearly a year, and in 1633 the newly-elected Polish king
1196:
501:(~2,250 horses), and ~20 regiments of infantry (~12,000 men). Over 10,000 of the infantry would be organized based on the Western model, previously not common in Commonwealth armies.
1653:
231:
469:
Despite these difficulties, the city, commanded by Deputy
Voivode Samuel Drucki-Sokoliński, held out throughout 1633 while the Commonwealth, under its newly-elected King
594:
divisions in the
Russian camp as responsible for their inaction and ineffectiveness (Jasienica blames the Russian warlords, and Parker the foreign mercenaries). The
1958:
1879:
1259:
1436:
1904:
536:
and numbering between 10,000 and 20,000, arrived on 17 September would the
Commonwealth army gain numerical superiority. The Cossacks under Orendarenko and
1189:
1524:
359:
1345:
528:
By the summer of 1633, the relief force, led personally by the king and numbering about 25,000 (20,000 in the Polish-Lithuanian army, according to
1672:
1659:
1599:
1558:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1490:
1301:
1422:
602:
from those regions deserting the Russian camp to return to protect their homes. Some foreign mercenaries also deserted to the Commonwealth side.
1364:
1182:
378:
The Russian army that crossed the Lithuanian border in early October 1632 had been carefully prepared and was under the experienced command of
224:
285:
1678:
1328:
1274:
1264:
540:
would raid the Russian rear lines, freeing the Polish-Lithuanian units under Radziwiłł and Gosiewski to join the effort to break the siege.
1988:
489:(~3,200 horses), 27 chorągiews of light cavalry—also known as Cossack cavalry but not composed of Cossacks—(3,600 horses), 10 squadrons of
1884:
1223:
422:
407:), the Russians looked to foreign officers to update the equipment and training of their troops based on the Western European model of
111:
86:
31:
383:
1169:
1075:
988:
928:
876:
838:
720:
663:
647:
217:
1634:
366:, but it had often been contested, and it changed hands many times during the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries (from the days of the
1205:
712:
397:
Compared to former Russian armies, Shein's army was significantly modernised. Dissatisfied with their traditional formations of
268:
1802:
1640:
1410:
1404:
1392:
1386:
1369:
367:
1231:
306:
1706:
1700:
1430:
425:
in Smolensk were composed of the Smolensk garrison (about 1,600 men with 170 artillery pieces under the command of the
1973:
1735:
430:
138:
1948:
1943:
1840:
1269:
770:
700:
1813:
1807:
1253:
1759:
560:
505:
449:, Samuel Drucki-Sokoliński, had about 500 volunteers from pospolite ruszenie and 2,500 regular army soldiers and
513:
350:, decided to capitalize on the temporary confusion of its western neighbor. Russia's aim was to gain control of
134:
1213:
1470:
1983:
1978:
1968:
1963:
1665:
1564:
1338:
552:
470:
363:
343:
322:
263:
1717:
1538:
1480:
1465:
437:
force of about 1,500 strong. The city's fortifications had also recently been improved with Italian-style
533:
516:, and Voivode Gosiewski established a camp about 30 kilometres (18.6 mi) from Smolensk, moving from
1626:
1475:
462:
151:
1870:
1860:
1851:
1832:
1620:
1550:
1544:
1442:
1290:
623:
258:
184:
147:
1580:
426:
253:
155:
1793:
1777:
1694:
1611:
1530:
1496:
1448:
1333:
1307:
1296:
1236:
564:
509:
434:
335:
1821:
912:
529:
128:
1067:
1765:
1398:
1165:
1071:
984:
924:
872:
834:
774:
716:
659:
643:
615:
568:
537:
391:
116:
1771:
1646:
1605:
1574:
1351:
1059:
598:
threatening the south Russian borderlands was a contributory factor, with many soldiers and
477:
officially sanctioned a declaration of war and authorised a large payment (6.5 million
355:
347:
17:
1753:
1357:
795:
619:
273:
739:// Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Серия 2. История.. — В. 4, ч.1. — С. 10—16.
419:. Eight such regiments, totaling 14,000 to 17,000 men, comprised a part of Shein's army.
595:
587:
563:, commanded one of the regiments in the relief army. Another notable commander was the
486:
339:
1937:
1060:
548:
379:
318:
143:
1586:
1416:
736:
580:
572:
478:
408:
314:
241:
48:
482:
461:
Shein began the siege of Smolensk on 28 October. The Muscovite forces constructed
56:
1782:
1712:
1174:
614:
After the victory at Smolensk, the Commonwealth army moved towards the fortress
446:
1124:
1320:
1314:
576:
474:
387:
1919:
1906:
622:
became a fiasco. The negotiations began on 30 April, and would end with the
522:
298:
1889:
498:
450:
438:
412:
403:
351:
310:
82:
494:
416:
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398:
923:] (in Polish). Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. pp. 370–372.
658:
Dariusz Kupisz, Smoleńsk 1632-1634, Warszawa 2001, Bellona, p. 129,
382:, who had previously defended Smolensk against the Poles during the
642:
Dariusz Kupisz, Smoleńsk 1632-1634, Warszawa 2001, Bellona, p. 92,
579:, and standardized the Commonwealth artillery (introducing 3- to 6-
599:
542:
517:
302:
284:
1178:
289:
Medal commemorating Polish victory over Russia in Smolensk 1634
213:
209:
346:, died. Russia, having recovered to a certain extent from the
869:
Diary of the Smolensk Campaign of Władysław IV 1633–1634
354:, which it had ceded to the Commonwealth in 1618 at the
433:), strengthened by the local nobility, which formed a
1162:
Diariusz kampanii smoleńskiej Władysława IV 1633-1634
865:
Diariusz kampanii smoleńskiej Władysława IV 1633–1634
297:
lasted almost a year between 1632 and 1633, when the
981:
The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe, C. 1200–1815
1954:
Sieges involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1869:
1850:
1831:
1792:
1746:
1687:
1458:
1379:
1283:
1246:
1222:
1212:
737:Боевая сила армии М. Б. Шеина в Смоленском походе
362:. Smolensk was the capital of the Commonwealth's
983:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 471.
1880:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
41:
497:regiments (~780 horses), 7 large regiments of
1190:
225:
8:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
777:. Various authors and editors. 24 July 2007.
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1487:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1629)
1219:
1197:
1183:
1175:
917:Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów: Srebny Wiek
232:
218:
210:
38:
759:
757:
755:
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751:
749:
747:
745:
1011:
1009:
921:Republic of Both Nations: the Silver Age
583:regimental guns), both to great effect.
1701:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
1437:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
635:
1959:Sieges involving the Tsardom of Russia
789:
787:
785:
783:
586:Commonwealth's cavalry, including the
317:. Russian forces of over 25,000 under
61:Siege of Smolensk, engraving from 1636
7:
1423:Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory
1260:Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)
1654:Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack–Tatar War
871:] (in Polish). DiG. p. 7.
1128:«Смоленская война (1632—1634 гг.)»
833:. London: Routledge. p. 137.
441:. By mid-1632 the deputy voivode (
32:Siege of Smolensk (disambiguation)
25:
1747:Lithuania partitioned (1795–1918)
1734:
1679:Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)
1329:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
1275:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
1265:Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
473:, organised a relief force. The
73:28 October 1632 – 4 October 1633
55:
1803:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
1525:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War
1365:Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)
1885:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
1471:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish wars
1346:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
1302:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
493:(~1,700 horses), 7 Lithuanian
173:less than 170 artillery pieces
112:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
87:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
1673:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
1660:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
1600:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
1593:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
1559:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
1517:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
1511:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
1505:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
1491:Polish-Lithuanian–Swedish War
1232:Mongol invasions of Lithuania
1206:Lithuanian wars and conflicts
713:Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
1707:War of the Bar Confederation
1411:5th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1405:4th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1393:3rd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1387:2nd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1370:1st Muscovite–Lithuanian War
863:Nagielski, Mirosław (2006).
794:Rickard, J. (26 July 2007).
767:Władysław IV Waza 1595–1658.
709:History of Poland, 1505–1764
555:at Smolensk. Artist unknown.
179:13,200 infantry and dragoons
1989:Battles of the Smolensk War
1635:Russo-Polish–Lithuanian War
831:European Warfare, 1494–1660
431:Aleksander Korwin Gosiewski
139:Aleksander Korwin Gosiewski
18:Siege of Smolensk (1632–33)
2005:
1841:June Uprising in Lithuania
1270:Battle of the Vikhra River
705:Historia Polski, 1505–1764
315:war named after that siege
29:
1760:French invasion of Russia
1729:
1431:Northern Seven Years' War
1058:Parker, Geoffrey (1997).
796:"Smolensk War, 1632–1634"
506:Field Hetman of Lithuania
368:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars
249:
195:
161:
122:
105:
97:Polish-Lithuanian victory
65:
54:
46:
1214:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
979:Bonney, Richard (1999).
735:Меньшиков Д. Н. (2008).
701:Gierowski, Józef Andrzej
463:lines of circumvallation
401:-equipped infantry (the
319:Mikhail Borisovich Shein
132:Samuel Drucki-Sokoliński
1666:Battle of Khotyn (1673)
1565:Battle of Khotyn (1621)
344:Grand Duke of Lithuania
1539:Zebrzydowski rebellion
1466:Moldavian Magnate Wars
829:Black, Jeremy (2002).
556:
290:
189:20,000-24,000 soldiers
123:Commanders and leaders
30:For other sieges, see
1814:Polish–Lithuanian War
1808:Lithuanian–Soviet War
1627:Battle of Berestechko
1476:War against Sigismund
1254:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
1106:Nagielski, pp. 43–44.
1090:Nagielski, pp. 36–37.
1066:. Routledge. p.
1062:The Thirty Years' War
1048:Nagielski, pp. 26–27.
1027:Nagielski, pp. 21–23.
969:Nagielski, pp. 11–12.
948:Nagielski, pp. 12–13.
769:Władcy Polski Nr 23.
559:Władysław's brother,
546:
360:last Russo-Polish War
288:
196:Casualties and losses
168:Garrison of Smolensk:
1861:Lithuanian partisans
1621:Khmelnytsky Uprising
1291:Samogitian uprisings
1160:Mirosław Nagielski,
715:. pp. 235–236.
624:Treaty of Polyanovka
364:Smoleńsk Voivodeship
191:160 artillery pieces
27:Part of Smolensk War
1916: /
1718:Kościuszko Uprising
1617:1644 Tatar Invasion
1581:Fedorovych uprising
1571:1624 Tatar Invasion
1481:Battle of Stångebro
1339:Battle of Pabaiskas
1138:Nagielski, pp.47-50
711:] (in Polish).
534:Timofiy Orendarenko
514:Krzysztof Radziwiłł
427:Voivode of Smolensk
423:Commonwealth forces
135:Krzysztof Radziwiłł
1974:Sieges of Smolensk
1871:Restored Lithuania
1794:Interwar Lithuania
1778:Revolution of 1905
1695:Great Northern War
1612:Ostryanyn uprising
1531:Battle of Klushino
1497:Battle of Kircholm
1449:Nalyvaiko Uprising
1308:Battle of Grunwald
1297:Lithuanian Crusade
1237:Lithuanian Crusade
891:Nagielski, pp. 8-9
565:Field Crown Hetman
557:
510:Voivode of Vilnius
435:pospolite ruszenie
336:Sigismund III Vasa
291:
152:Semyon Prozorovsky
1949:Conflicts in 1633
1944:Conflicts in 1632
1920:54.783°N 32.050°E
1899:
1898:
1852:Soviet occupation
1766:November Uprising
1727:
1726:
1551:Battle of Humenné
1545:Thirty Years' War
1443:Kosiński uprising
1399:Glinski rebellion
1115:Nagielski, p. 46.
1036:Nagielski, p. 24.
1015:Nagielski, p. 21.
1003:Nagielski, p. 20.
957:Nagielski, p. 18.
569:Marcin Kazanowski
553:Władysław IV Vasa
538:Marcin Kazanowski
307:Polish–Lithuanian
295:siege of Smolensk
282:
281:
208:
207:
129:King Władysław IV
117:Tsardom of Russia
101:
100:
42:Siege of Smolensk
16:(Redirected from
1996:
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1930:
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1921:
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1914:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1772:January Uprising
1738:
1606:Pavlyuk uprising
1575:Zhmaylo uprising
1352:Crusade of Varna
1334:Battle of Ašmena
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348:Time of Troubles
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1822:Klaipėda Revolt
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1754:Napoleonic Wars
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1723:
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1454:
1375:
1358:Battle of Varna
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384:1609–1611 siege
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374:Opposing forces
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1979:1632 in Russia
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1969:1633 in Europe
1966:
1964:1632 in Europe
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1925:54.783; 32.050
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771:Rzeczpospolita
741:
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588:Winged Hussars
487:Winged Hussars
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549:Mikhail Shein
547:Surrender of
545:
541:
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531:
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380:Mikhail Shein
373:
371:
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358:, ending the
357:
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181:8,300 cavalry
177:
176:Relief force:
169:
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144:Mikhail Shein
142:
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64:
58:
53:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
1901:
1873:(since 1990)
1833:World War II
1688:18th century
1662:(1672–1676)
1643:(1655–1660)
1641:Northern War
1623:(1648–1657)
1592:
1589:(1632–1634)
1587:Smolensk War
1561:(1620–1621)
1547:(1618–1648)
1527:(1605–1618)
1493:(1600–1611)
1459:17th century
1419:(1558–1583)
1417:Livonian War
1380:16th century
1354:(1443–1444)
1304:(1409–1411)
1284:15th century
1247:14th century
1224:13th century
1161:
1155:Bibliography
1143:
1134:
1126:Волков В. А.
1125:
1120:
1111:
1086:
1061:
1053:
1032:
999:
980:
974:
953:
920:
916:
887:
868:
864:
858:
849:
830:
799:. Retrieved
766:
731:
708:
704:
654:
638:
613:
604:
592:
585:
573:arquebusiers
558:
527:
503:
471:Władysław IV
468:
460:
442:
421:
402:
396:
377:
333:
323:Władysław IV
294:
292:
242:Smolensk War
185:Zaporozhians
175:
167:
156:Bogdan Nagoy
106:Belligerents
49:Smolensk War
36:
1923: /
1892:(2003–2011)
1854:(1944–1990)
1816:(1919–1920)
1810:(1918–1919)
1796:(1918–1940)
1785:(1914–1918)
1783:World War I
1774:(1863–1864)
1768:(1830–1831)
1756:(1803–1815)
1713:War of 1792
1709:(1768–1774)
1703:(1733–1735)
1697:(1700–1721)
1675:(1683–1699)
1656:(1666–1671)
1637:(1654–1667)
1602:(1633–1634)
1519:(1626–1629)
1513:(1621–1625)
1507:(1617–1618)
1451:(1594–1596)
1445:(1591–1593)
1439:(1587–1588)
1433:(1563–1570)
1425:(1577–1582)
1413:(1534–1537)
1407:(1512–1522)
1395:(1507–1508)
1389:(1500–1503)
1372:(1492–1494)
1348:(1431–1435)
1293:(1401–1409)
1256:(1340–1392)
1239:(1283–1422)
775:Mówią Wieki
764:(in Polish)
504:Meanwhile,
443:podwojewoda
313:during the
1938:Categories
1647:The Deluge
1321:Gollub War
1315:Hunger War
630:References
577:musketeers
483:chorągiews
388:Dorogobuzh
330:Background
254:Dorogobuzh
1216:(to 1795)
610:Aftermath
530:Jasienica
523:logistics
334:In 1632,
299:Muscovite
1890:Iraq War
915:(1982).
801:2 August
703:(1979).
626:in May.
618:but the
499:dragoons
451:Cossacks
447:Smoleńsk
439:bastions
413:dragoons
409:regulars
404:streltsy
352:Smolensk
311:Smolensk
309:city of
303:besieged
269:Smolensk
162:Strength
83:Smolensk
78:Location
47:Part of
1911:32°03′E
1908:54°47′N
581:pounder
495:petyhor
491:raitars
417:reiters
264:Polotsk
204:Unknown
201:Unknown
183:12,000
1843:(1941)
1824:(1923)
1762:(1812)
1720:(1794)
1629:(1651)
1614:(1638)
1608:(1637)
1583:(1630)
1577:(1625)
1553:(1619)
1541:(1606)
1533:(1610)
1499:(1605)
1401:(1508)
1323:(1422)
1317:(1414)
1168:
1074:
987:
927:
875:
837:
719:
662:
646:
616:Belaya
600:boyars
479:zlotys
415:, and
399:musket
392:Belaya
338:, the
274:Belaya
259:Putivl
94:Result
919:[
867:[
707:[
620:siege
575:with
518:Orsha
457:Siege
445:) of
301:army
1166:ISBN
1072:ISBN
985:ISBN
925:ISBN
873:ISBN
835:ISBN
803:2007
773:and
717:ISBN
660:ISBN
644:ISBN
508:and
475:Sejm
342:and
305:the
293:The
70:Date
1068:124
551:to
485:of
370:).
1940::
1095:^
1070:.
1041:^
1020:^
1008:^
962:^
939:^
896:^
811:^
782:^
744:^
670:^
567:,
512:,
453:.
429:,
411:,
390:,
85:,
1198:e
1191:t
1184:v
1080:.
993:.
933:.
881:.
843:.
805:.
725:.
233:e
226:t
219:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
