100:
1751:, who had spent five years in the Holy Land and shortly after his return to Portugal, construction began on the castle of Tomar. Tomar was founded by Pais in March 1, 1160, and became the headquarters of the Order in Portugal. Pais brought innovation and particular attention was paid to the layout and construction of Tomar, as it was the first Templar castle designed as the Orders headquarters in Portugal. It featured a number of military design innovations like a keep, an angled wall and was a clear departure from the typical Iberian castle and featured Muslim elements.
41:
1848:
113:
1844:. Sancho was at Lisbon at the time and with the support of these reinforcements, the king rejected Yaqub's peace proposals, which involved relinquishing Silves, and marched out to relieve Santarém. Facing stronger resistance than expected, the caliph ordered a withdrawal of all his forces. The Muslims were only able to ravage the unfortified outer suburbs of Tomar.
1860:
The
Templars broke the impetus of the Almohad offensive. The successful defense of Tomar confirmed the military prowess of the Templars and established the Order as an indispensable part of the defense of Portugal. The relatively short action was since recounted in Templar annals as a great victory.
1355:
1348:
1829:
against the
Almohad army. The Almohads managed to capture the main city gate, but were ultimately repulsed after such bloody combats that the gate became henceforth known as
1469:
815:
1341:
28:
182:
2081:
2101:
2106:
1257:
1252:
625:
1671:
32:
2086:
1596:
351:
175:
346:
2071:
1564:
1146:
1019:
1544:
1439:
785:
1365:
513:
2076:
1601:
1519:
1029:
875:
655:
168:
2049:
1969:
1909:
1044:
585:
2034:
1999:
999:
269:
1616:
1484:
1322:
979:
279:
1774:
decided to undertake a number of vigorous campaigns against
Portugal. Silves was besieged and a truce was signed with king
356:
2019:
1534:
1389:
1096:
907:
620:
324:
99:
1929:
366:
1581:
1176:
1101:
508:
927:
1870:
640:
590:
1885:
1691:
1499:
1464:
850:
810:
2096:
1539:
1208:
1086:
1059:
1049:
964:
912:
780:
740:
665:
630:
555:
341:
319:
242:
222:
820:
40:
1947:
1409:
1297:
1238:
1218:
1213:
1171:
1116:
1091:
1081:
1054:
1034:
710:
670:
650:
570:
314:
1833:
or "Blood Gate". Some of the
Templars conducted a raid on the Almohad camp through a secret underground tunnel.
1861:
Afterwards, the Order rejoined the
Portuguese efforts at recapturing territory from the Muslims more actively.
1661:
1626:
1591:
1399:
1307:
1223:
1198:
1151:
1121:
1111:
1076:
725:
690:
680:
274:
264:
217:
1489:
974:
890:
845:
518:
483:
413:
2091:
1775:
1711:
1706:
1686:
1666:
1631:
1559:
1554:
1494:
1454:
1424:
1419:
1394:
1203:
1141:
1131:
989:
984:
944:
917:
902:
800:
770:
750:
730:
635:
605:
595:
543:
538:
468:
438:
428:
396:
361:
299:
289:
1636:
1880:
1676:
1656:
1606:
1576:
1524:
1509:
1504:
1414:
1285:
1280:
1193:
880:
865:
860:
775:
720:
580:
503:
478:
386:
304:
227:
1727:
was a military engagement that took place in 1190 between the
Almohad caliphate who attacked the town of
745:
1586:
1302:
1024:
1014:
922:
715:
695:
294:
1803:
954:
1755:
1549:
1459:
1449:
1434:
1275:
1188:
1009:
937:
805:
795:
765:
755:
610:
565:
560:
498:
443:
309:
252:
237:
1384:
1317:
994:
932:
830:
615:
533:
528:
458:
381:
212:
103:
1837:
1646:
1621:
1611:
1312:
1136:
1064:
969:
825:
735:
488:
453:
376:
371:
1779:
1767:
1763:
1651:
1529:
1479:
1474:
1444:
1404:
1292:
1270:
1166:
1156:
1126:
959:
885:
840:
835:
790:
700:
660:
645:
600:
575:
523:
473:
448:
418:
408:
284:
247:
123:
1759:
1233:
1161:
1039:
1004:
675:
423:
1875:
1771:
1736:
1701:
1429:
949:
760:
685:
493:
463:
433:
391:
232:
140:
116:
1696:
1681:
1106:
855:
705:
2065:
336:
1795:
1748:
1641:
135:
1847:
1739:, who owned the settlement and successfully defended it from the Muslim attack.
1333:
1228:
194:
112:
160:
1791:
1732:
70:
1807:
1806:
at the same time. Some
Almohads marched north and reached the walls of
1783:
1930:
Crusading at the Edges of Europe: Denmark and
Portugal c.1000 â c.1250
1841:
1826:
1811:
1787:
2050:
Templars
History and Myth: From Solomon's Temple to the Freemasons
1846:
1799:
1798:
was captured. The caliph then split his forces. and attacked both
1728:
66:
1337:
164:
1747:
The master of the
Templars in Portugal was the formidable Dom
1910:
The Templars: The Legend and Legacy of the Warriors of God
1778:, leaving al-Mansur free to advance through the Alentejo.
1822:
Tomar was then one of the strongest castles in Portugal.
1794:
were captured and moving north beyond the Tagus River,
2035:
A ExpansĂŁo de Portugal no Mundo e as Ordens Religiosas
1840:and French crusader vessels called at Silves and
21:
1349:
176:
29:Almohad campaign against Portugal (1190â1191)
8:
1973:, vol 2, Lulu Publishing, 2019, pp. 169-170.
1825:Dom Gualdim Pais conducted a sally with 300
2013:
2011:
2009:
2023:, Cambridge University Press, 1947, p. 97.
1970:TEMPLARS Who were they? Where did they go?
1356:
1342:
1334:
183:
169:
161:
18:
1993:
1991:
1923:
1921:
1919:
33:Spanish Christian-Muslim War (1172-1212)
2003:, EdiçÔes Vieira da Silva, 2020, p. 59.
1941:
1939:
1897:
1470:Southern and Central Iberia (1172-1212)
2082:Sieges involving the Almohad Caliphate
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1951:, Dolman Scott Publishing,2021, p. 23.
1903:
1901:
2102:Battles involving the Knights Templar
7:
2107:Sieges involving the Knights Templar
14:
2038:, Clube de Autores, 2020, p. 30.
111:
98:
39:
16:1190 siege of a Portuguese town
1:
1997:José Armando Vizela Cardoso:
1876:Portuguese conquest of Lisbon
1367:MoroccanâPortuguese conflicts
2087:Battles of the Third Crusade
1913:, Arcturus Publishing, 2020.
1871:Portugal in the Reconquista
1758:captured the major city of
1247:Post-Reconquista Rebellions
2123:
2072:Battles involving Portugal
1985:, The History Press, 2014.
1535:Las Navas de Tolosa (1212)
1375:
357:2nd San Esteban de Gormaz
352:1st San Esteban de Gormaz
203:
146:
129:
89:
57:13 July â 18-19 July 1190
49:
38:
26:
2077:12th century in Portugal
1886:Siege of Santarém (1184)
1836:Meanwhile, a number of
1776:Alfonso VIII of Castile
1881:Siege of Silves (1189)
1852:
130:Commanders and leaders
2020:A History of Portugal
1927:Kurt Villads Jensen:
1850:
1692:AlcĂĄcer Quibir (1578)
1597:Ksar es-Seghir (1458)
1540:AlcĂĄcer do Sal (1217)
1520:AlcĂĄcer do Sal (1191)
1440:AlcĂĄcer do Sal (1161)
347:Pallars and Ribagorza
1756:Sancho I of Portugal
1485:Cabo Espichel (1180)
1229:2nd Granada campaign
626:2nd Balearic Islands
601:1st Balearic Islands
2000:TemplĂĄrios Em Tomar
1642:Castelo Real (1510)
1565:Algeciras (1342â44)
1545:Algarve (1238-1249)
908:Las Navas de Tolosa
104:Kingdom of Portugal
2032:EstevĂŁo de Sousa:
1853:
1102:Shepherds' Crusade
913:3rd AlcĂĄcer do Sal
876:2nd AlcĂĄcer do Sal
786:1st AlcĂĄcer do Sal
280:2nd Roncevaux Pass
218:1st Roncevaux Pass
81:Portuguese victory
2097:Conflicts in 1190
2017:H. V. Livermore:
1967:Diana Jean Muir:
1762:in south-western
1720:
1719:
1657:Boulaouane (1514)
1602:Tangier (1463â64)
1560:GuadalmesĂ (1342)
1331:
1330:
509:AlmodĂłvar del RĂo
159:
158:
124:Almohad Caliphate
85:
84:
2114:
2054:
2045:
2039:
2030:
2024:
2015:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1965:
1952:
1945:Hamilton White:
1943:
1934:
1933:Routledge, 2016.
1925:
1914:
1905:
1662:Marrakesh (1515)
1385:Vatalandi (1110)
1370:
1368:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1335:
198:
185:
178:
171:
162:
115:
102:
51:
50:
45:Citadel of Tomar
43:
19:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2053:, 2010, p. 315.
2046:
2042:
2031:
2027:
2016:
2007:
1996:
1989:
1982:Gordon Napier:
1981:
1977:
1966:
1955:
1948:The Tomar Hoard
1944:
1937:
1926:
1917:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1867:
1858:
1851:Walls of Tomar.
1831:Porta do Sangue
1820:
1814:along the way.
1772:Yaqub al-Mansur
1745:
1721:
1716:
1672:Doukkala (1516)
1647:Azemmour (1513)
1627:Graciosa (1489)
1500:Santarém (1184)
1480:Abrantes (1179)
1465:Santarém (1171)
1460:Juromena (1170)
1425:Santarém (1147)
1410:Trancoso (1140)
1390:Santarém (1111)
1371:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1332:
1327:
1262:
1214:Los Alporchones
1097:Vega de Granada
199:
192:Battles in the
191:
189:
141:Yaqub al-Mansur
108:
73:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2120:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2092:1190 in Europe
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2055:
2047:Michael Haag:
2040:
2025:
2005:
1987:
1975:
1953:
1935:
1915:
1907:Geordie Torr:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1819:
1816:
1780:AlcĂĄcer do Sal
1744:
1741:
1725:siege of Tomar
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1712:Mazagan (1769)
1709:
1704:
1702:Tangier (1662)
1699:
1697:Mazagan (1640)
1694:
1689:
1687:Mazagan (1562)
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1652:Tednest (1514)
1649:
1644:
1639:
1637:Tangier (1502)
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:Chaouia (1487)
1619:
1617:Tangier (1471)
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1592:Tangier (1437)
1589:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1530:Alarcos (1195)
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1475:Seville (1178)
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1455:Badajoz (1169)
1452:
1447:
1445:Palmela (1165)
1442:
1437:
1435:Sacavém (1147)
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1405:Ourique (1139)
1402:
1397:
1395:Coimbra (1117)
1392:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1258:2nd Alpujarras
1255:
1253:1st Alpujarras
1249:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1122:Vega de Pagana
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1020:Mudéjar revolt
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
941:
940:
930:
928:Aragonese raid
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
899:
898:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
816:Central Iberia
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
576:Norwegian raid
573:
568:
563:
558:
552:
551:
547:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
405:
404:
400:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
333:
332:
328:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
261:
260:
256:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
209:
208:
204:
201:
200:
190:
188:
187:
180:
173:
165:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
144:
143:
138:
132:
131:
127:
126:
121:
120:
119:
107:
106:
95:
92:
91:
87:
86:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
65:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
36:
35:
24:
23:
22:Siege of Tomar
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2119:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1810:, destroying
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1737:Templar Order
1734:
1730:
1726:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:Mamora (1696)
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:Agadir (1541)
1680:
1678:
1677:Agadir (1533)
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:Mamora (1515)
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:Asilah (1471)
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:Salado (1340)
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Silves (1191)
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:Silves (1190)
1508:
1506:
1505:Silves (1189)
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:Silves (1182)
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:Lisbon (1147)
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1415:Lisbon (1142)
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:Leiria (1137)
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1224:9th Gibraltar
1222:
1220:
1219:8th Gibraltar
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:7th Gibraltar
1207:
1205:
1204:La Higueruela
1202:
1200:
1199:6th Gibraltar
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:5th Algeciras
1170:
1168:
1165:
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1152:5th Gibraltar
1150:
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1147:4th Algeciras
1145:
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1117:4th Gibraltar
1115:
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1112:3rd Gibraltar
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1092:2nd Gibraltar
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1082:3rd Algeciras
1080:
1078:
1077:1st Gibraltar
1075:
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1055:2nd Algeciras
1053:
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1050:1st Algeciras
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469:Piedra Pisada
467:
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429:Aqbat al-Bakr
427:
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398:
397:3rd Barcelona
395:
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365:
363:
362:Valdejunquera
360:
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343:
340:
338:
337:Day of Zamora
335:
334:
330:
329:
326:
325:2nd Barcelona
323:
321:
320:2nd Cellorigo
318:
316:
315:1st Cellorigo
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
300:Monte Laturce
298:
296:
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288:
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283:
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265:1st Barcelona
263:
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42:
37:
34:
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25:
20:
2059:
2048:
2043:
2033:
2028:
2018:
1998:
1983:
1978:
1968:
1946:
1928:
1908:
1859:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1796:Torres Novas
1753:
1749:Gualdim Pais
1746:
1724:
1722:
1632:Targa (1490)
1587:Ceuta (1419)
1582:Ceuta (1415)
1577:Ceuta (1182)
1515:Tomar (1190)
1514:
1490:Ăvora (1181)
1450:Ăvora (1165)
1420:Soure (1144)
1265:North Africa
1183:15th century
1071:14th century
975:4th Valencia
897:13th century
870:
851:4th Santarém
811:3rd Santarém
751:2nd Santarém
671:3rd Valencia
641:2nd Zaragoza
621:1st Santarém
556:2nd Valencia
550:12th century
514:1st Valencia
484:1st Zaragoza
403:11th century
387:Torrevicente
331:10th century
228:Orbieu River
223:Burbia River
193:
136:Gualdim Pais
90:Belligerents
1754:After king
1607:Anfa (1468)
1550:Faro (1249)
1323:2nd Tangier
1308:1st Tangier
1167:2nd Montiel
1087:3rd AlmerĂa
1005:3rd Seville
933:2nd Majorca
836:2nd Seville
801:2nd Badajoz
781:2nd AlmerĂa
771:2nd Tortosa
741:1st AlmerĂa
726:1st Montiel
681:1st Badajoz
656:1st Granada
414:Calatañazor
342:1st Majorca
295:Guadalacete
270:1st Tortosa
259:9th century
207:8th century
195:Reconquista
152:300 knights
2066:Categories
1892:References
1735:, and the
1189:Collejares
1177:2nd Murcia
1142:GuadalmesĂ
1132:RĂo Salado
1030:1st Murcia
990:2nd XĂ tiva
985:1st XĂ tiva
881:2nd Silves
866:2nd Silves
861:1st Silves
776:2nd Lleida
761:5th Lisbon
721:4th Lisbon
651:1st Lleida
611:Candespina
606:6th Toledo
591:Formentera
581:3rd Lisbon
561:Mollerussa
544:5th Toledo
539:4th Toledo
519:2nd Lisbon
504:3rd Toledo
479:2nd Toledo
367:1st Toledo
310:Polvoraria
253:1st Lisbon
243:RĂo QuirĂłs
238:Las Babias
155:12,000 men
1856:Aftermath
1818:The siege
1303:4nd Ceuta
1293:3nd Ceuta
1286:2nd Ceuta
1281:1st Ceuta
1194:Antequera
1045:Andalusia
1025:3rd Jerez
1015:2nd Jerez
950:1st Jerez
923:PenĂscola
891:Talamanca
846:2nd Ăvora
831:Calatrava
821:Tarragona
806:Juromenha
796:1st Ăvora
746:Al-Ludjdj
716:2nd Coria
696:1st Coria
631:Martorell
616:Vatalandi
534:Consuegra
459:Golpejera
444:Barbastro
382:Estercuel
213:Covadonga
1865:See also
1804:Santarém
1792:Abrantes
1733:Portugal
1137:Estepona
1065:Iznalloz
1000:3rd Jaén
960:Burriana
945:2nd Jaén
918:1st Jaén
903:Al-DÄmĆ«s
841:Abrantes
736:Albacete
711:Trancoso
586:Talavera
566:Balaguer
489:Sagrajas
454:Llantada
377:Simancas
372:Alhandic
305:Morcuera
275:Pancorbo
147:Strength
117:Templars
71:Portugal
62:Location
27:Part of
1838:English
1827:knights
1808:Coimbra
1784:Palmela
1770:caliph
1768:Almohad
1743:Context
1571:Morocco
1318:Melilla
1298:TĂ©touan
1157:Linuesa
1127:Getares
980:Algarve
970:El Puig
965:CĂłrdoba
938:PortopĂ
886:Alarcos
791:Palmela
766:Sacavém
756:Sacavém
701:Ourique
661:Corbins
646:Cutanda
636:Coimbra
524:Alcoraz
474:Morella
449:Paterna
439:Coimbra
409:Cervera
290:Albelda
285:Clavijo
1842:Lisbon
1812:Leiria
1788:Almada
1766:, the
1764:Iberia
1760:Silves
1379:Iberia
1313:Asilah
1276:Strait
1239:MĂĄlaga
1234:Lucena
1162:Guadix
1060:MoclĂn
1040:Martos
826:Cuenca
691:Leiria
666:AlcalĂĄ
529:Bairén
494:Tudela
424:Albesa
248:Oviedo
78:Result
1800:Tomar
1729:Tomar
1035:Ăcija
871:Tomar
856:Alvor
731:Soure
706:Oreja
686:Fraga
676:Aceca
596:Ibiza
571:Uclés
499:TĂ©var
464:Cabra
434:Graus
392:Rueda
233:Lutos
67:Tomar
1802:and
1723:The
1271:Salé
1107:Teba
1010:Faro
995:Biar
955:Ares
419:TorĂ
54:Date
31:and
1731:in
2068::
2008:^
1990:^
1956:^
1938:^
1918:^
1900:^
1790:,
1786:,
1782:,
69:,
1357:e
1350:t
1343:v
184:e
177:t
170:v
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