390:
588:
642:
124:
102:
981:, which are more robust and have greater variations of length. The most accurate instar identification is possible by using distinct morphological features that are instar specific and cannot be affected by the size of the specimen. Although this is possible only for few species with described larvae of all instars, such as
421:
and are most abundant in the temperate zone. The diversity is also greater in the temperate zone and they are quite rare in the tropics although there are species endemic to the region. It is thought that ants, flies and other carrion feeders outcompete them in these regions. They vary in size from 7
351:. The antenna is made up of 15 segments and is capitate (ending in an abruptly capped club) in the Nicrophorinae and has a more gradual club shape in the Silphinae. The subfamilies also differ in behavior. Members of the subfamily Silphinae show little to no care for their young and breed on large
678:. The parental care exhibited by this subfamily is that the adult beetles regurgitate food into the mouths of the young larvae until they are mature. Silphinae colonize later in the decaying process and the adults eat the maggot mass, sometimes leaving little maggot evidence left to estimate a
1014:
eggs, larvae, and on the carcass itself. This presents a problem in the determination of post-mortem interval because
Silphidae are known to eradicate other species from carrion. By eliminating the first colonizing species Silphidae can give an incorrect post-mortem interval.
968:
to aid in solving crimes. Many of the methods in determining stages of development are subjective. However, recent studies have found a more precise way of determining the stage of development of
Silphid larvae by measuring the maximum cranial width and other heavily
620:. There appears to be a truce between females who would normally compete for the males, and in these cases cooperative behavior extends to females caring for each other's offspring. At the height of breeding season pairs of beetles may compete for the
377:
in
Northern China. Many Silphidae are flightless although they have wings. This loss is thought to be a result due to the changes in habitat over time. Researchers have found that most flight-capable species in this group feed on
1127:
Backlund, Douglas C.; Gary M. Marrone; Christopher K. Williams & Kelley Tilmon (2008). "Population
Estimate of the Endangered American Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus americanus Olivier (Coleoptera: Silphidae) in South Dakota".
1054:
Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Davies, Anthony E.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; Lawrence, John F.; Lyal, Chris H. C.; Newton, Alfred F.; Reid, Chris A. M.; Schmitt, Michael; Ślipiński, S. Adam; Smith, Andrew B. T. (2011).
578:
exhibited help determine the length of the larval stage. Pupation in this subfamily lasts six to eight days and is completed in the soil. The adult
Nicrophorinae will emerge from the soil and venture to find food and a mate.
616:. In this way, he will father more offspring, but the reproductive success of the primary female steadily declines. Sometimes, where there is a large carcass the likelihood of intense competition from flies leads to
359:
and will bury themselves and their food to rear their offspring in a bi-parental manner. There are approximately 183 species in this family, which are found worldwide although they are commoner in temperate regions.
662:, which are fresh, bloated, decay, and dry. The main areas of decomposition for adults are during both the bloated and decaying stages. Silphid larvae mainly inhabit during the decaying and dry stages of the
686:
for maturing larvae that the adult beetles feed and protect. In both subfamilies the larvae are observed to eat the decaying organic material while the adults mainly consume the maggots. Flies are the major
863:
Carcasses are kept out of sight and foul odors are prevented when
Nicrophorinae bury it under the ground. This will also reduce the surface area for flies to lay their eggs and decrease fly population.
1435:
Roach, B.; Eisner, T.; Meinwald, J (1990). "The
Defense Mechanisms of arthropods. 83. alpha-and beta-Necrodol, novel terpens from a carrion beetle (Necrodes surinamensis, Silphidae, Coleoptera)".
723:. Silphines are usually dark in color consisting of gold, black and brown. This dark coloring allows them to blend into their environment. Many nicrophorines have bright orange coloring on their
994:
and possible manners of death. Also, in the future, entomologists will explore the social behavior of the beetles to a greater degree. Members of family
Silphidae are typically the first of the
299:. The number of species is relatively small, at around two hundred. They are more diverse in the temperate region although a few tropical endemics are known. Both subfamilies feed on decaying
608:. It has been observed that the cooperation of the two parent beetles leads to breeding success. More likely than not a breeding pair will work together, but in cases where there is large
682:. In the case of the sexton or burying beetles, Nicrophorinae, the adults will bury small animal carcasses and lay their eggs on it. In some species, a slight depression is made on the
785:
on their antennae, which are adapted to detect these chemicals. At a short distance, the end organs of the palpi detect the odors. Silphid beetles are usually more active at night,
769:
and the hind wings. The hind wings are membranous and are modified for flying or swimming. There are some
Silphidae who are able to fly, but others have lost this ability throughout
674:. Nicrophorinae will colonize the body earlier in decomposition in order to avoid competition with maggots. If there is a sufficiently large maggot mass they will not colonize the
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3852:
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Unlike most of the insects used as forensic markers, it is possible to assess if
Silphidae adults have colonized a corpse and left it later. For this purpose, some
956:, and determining the developmental rate. Based on the number of instars and the larval development stage, a time of death can be estimated. This is very useful in
3891:
887:
Members from the family Silphidae are known to have mutualistic relationships with other organisms. Nicrophorinae have a mutual relationship with phoretic
1163:
Cai, Chen-Yang; Thayer, Margaret K.; Engel, Michael S.; Newton, Alfred F.; Ortega-Blanco, Jaime; Wang, Bo; Wang, Xiang-Dong; Huang, Di-Ying (2014-09-30).
1232:"To what extent do new fossil discoveries change our understanding of clade evolution? A cautionary tale from burying beetles (Coleoptera: Nicrophorus )"
1265:"Evolutionary Relationships Among Food Habitat, Loss of Flight, and Reproductive Traits: Life-History Evolution in the Silphinae(Coleoptera:Silphidae)"
3637:
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and burying it by unearthing the soil underneath it. The burying behavior has seemingly evolved to prevent competition from other insects such as fly
3826:
405:' works, refers to any race of spirits inhabiting the air and is described as mortal, but lacking soul. The word is also related to the Latin word
3865:
1590:
Novák M.; Jakubec P.; Qubaiová J. Šuláková H.; Růžička J. (2017). "Revisited larval morphology of Thanatophilus rugosus (Coleoptera: Silphidae)".
695:. If a carcass is infested with maggots, many of the Nicrophorinae will abandon the carcass while members of Silphinae will feed on the maggots.
1380:
867:
Some Silphidae species inhabit human-occupied areas and become pests to farmers by using crops as an additional source of nutrients. In Europe,
1636:
Watson E.J.; Carlton C.E. (2005). "Succession of Forensically Significant Carrion Beetle Larvae on Large Carcasses (Coleoptera: Silphidae)".
1750:
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where a grandiose change occurs. During this stage the wings become fully developed and sexual maturity is reached, sometimes called the
812:
time as being infected with fly maggots, they will not colonize. Nicrophorinae have adapted to these situations and will bury the
1114:
Bi-parental care and social evolution in burying beetles: Lessons from the larder in Social Behavior in Insects and Arachnids
808:
and supply food for silphids. The disadvantage for the Nicrophorinae is that if the carcass is already “blown”, referring to
530:
takes approximately twenty six to fifty eight days to go from an egg to adult. The breakdown of this process is essential to
3870:
1030:
specimens and no Silphidae were sampled by forensic entomologists, it is reasonable to suspect that some Silphidae carrying
1382:
The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 13. The Carrion Beetles of Canada and Alaska. Coleoptera: Silphidae and Agyrtidae
3878:
804:
puts the silphids at both an advantage and a disadvantage. The advantage is that fly competitors lay eggs that result in
727:, which may serve as a warning to other predators. Some species secrete a chemical from a rectal gland that consists of
239:
526:
development. The development in the subfamily Silphinae proceeds at a slower rate than in Nicrophorinae. The Silphinae
3735:
3712:
973:
areas of the larvae instead of measuring just the length, which is subject to change with each larva, particularly in
1475:
Eggert AK, Reinking M, Muller JK (1998). "Parental Care Improves Offspring Survival and Growth in Burying Beetles".
389:
3805:
1518:
Trumbo ST (2007). "Defending Young Biparentally: Female Risk-Taking with and Without a Male in the Burying Beetle,
123:
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3818:
249:
220:
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lasting for ten to thirty days. After that time period is up the third instar larvae will venture away from the
3960:
1743:
1721:
Horn, GH (1880) Synopsis of the Silphidae of the United States with reference to the genera of other countries.
1575:
1558:
827:
areas. If an invader male overpowers the original male, it will mate with the original female and create a new
816:
to remove it from other competitors. With this technique, a steady food source is available for the larvae and
646:
481:
453:
641:
3965:
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attacks. The members of Silphidae have many different modifications that allow them to thrive in different
3652:
587:
506:
471:
465:
459:
441:
362:
1389:
761:
Walking is the primary form of locomotion for Silphidae. They are able to travel great distances to find
3917:
749:
531:
527:
447:
386:. They also found that egg production increased with flight loss because of a more limited food supply.
308:
3740:
327:. They are commonly referred to as carrion beetles or burying beetles and are usually associated with
3774:
3699:
2889:
1176:
1066:
991:
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949:
929:
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679:
617:
593:
435:
312:
110:
728:
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1736:
1675:(Acari: Parasitidae) in forensic autopsies and its application on postmortem interval estimation".
957:
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ejects this secretion as a spray and can rotate the end of its abdomen to spray in all directions.
510:, can be found primarily in the mountains of eastern Asia as well as along the Malay Archipelago.
3955:
1700:
1653:
1615:
1539:
1500:
1145:
367:
118:
905:, deutonymphs leave the adult Nicrophorinae and proceed to feed on nearby fly eggs and immature
3922:
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or adult stage where the cycle is then repeated. The Nicrophorinae cycle is generally quicker.
3904:
3761:
3377:
2794:
1692:
1607:
1492:
1286:
1212:
1194:
1094:
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are released. Silphidae use their sense of smell to locate carcasses from a long distance by
3909:
3474:
3253:
3248:
3171:
2929:
1945:
1684:
1645:
1599:
1570:
1531:
1484:
1444:
1276:
1243:
1202:
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1137:
1084:
1074:
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phoretic instars arrived previously to the corpse and abandoned it some time later, leaving
941:
774:
716:
708:
373:
The oldest fossils of silphids are known from the Middle Jurassic (~ 163 million years ago)
280:
195:
3163:
3116:
2961:
2945:
2621:
2381:
2350:
2265:
2183:
2074:
2042:
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and which types of carcasses they prefer. Silphidae are considered to be of importance to
3690:
1671:
González Medina A, González Herrera L, Perotti MA, JimĂ©nez RĂos G (2013). "Occurrence of
1559:"Phoretic Mite Discrimination Among Male Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus Investigator) Hosts"
1180:
1070:
3813:
3800:
3566:
3517:
3372:
3179:
2847:
2831:
2770:
2665:
2636:
2564:
2528:
2512:
2428:
2373:
2278:
2175:
2024:
1986:
1966:
1862:
1207:
1164:
1089:
1056:
523:
300:
205:
913:. With less competition, both species are able to reproduce successfully underground.
3949:
3548:
3352:
3343:
3084:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3013:
2988:
2884:
2871:
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2728:
2631:
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2507:
2441:
2412:
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2112:
2083:
1921:
1720:
1619:
1281:
1264:
893:
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782:
659:
555:
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are found in the Indian subcontinent as well in the countries of India and Pakistan.
288:
235:
59:
1704:
1657:
1543:
1504:
1332:
1331:
Dekeirsschieter, Jessica; François Verheggen; Georges Lognay; Eric Haubruge (2011).
1149:
101:
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3142:
3126:
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2149:
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species) are used due to their phoront-host specificity. If a corpse is invaded by
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383:
374:
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and if any eggs have been laid they are killed so the new female can lay her own.
3717:
831:. If an invader female overpowers the original female, it will also create a new
425:
There are about 46 different species of Silphidae in North America which include
3883:
3839:
3684:
3611:
3582:
3556:
3543:
3483:
3441:
3425:
3417:
3409:
3393:
3385:
3321:
3279:
3271:
3240:
3155:
3134:
3100:
3092:
3005:
2937:
2921:
2913:
2876:
2863:
2839:
2757:
2749:
2699:
2691:
2649:
2613:
2584:
2556:
2551:
2467:
2462:
2454:
2404:
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2214:
2199:
2191:
2107:
2099:
1916:
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817:
809:
797:
712:
688:
563:
311:
because when they are found on a decaying body they are used to help estimate a
34:
3538:
3499:
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3433:
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3211:
3203:
3023:
2971:
2855:
2786:
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2597:
2538:
2502:
2482:
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2355:
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1953:
1937:
1688:
1603:
1535:
945:
402:
379:
79:
44:
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1728:
1198:
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3595:
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3031:
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2520:
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2229:
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2032:
2013:
1978:
1867:
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1842:
1791:
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1189:
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828:
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575:
344:
340:
304:
284:
245:
185:
155:
135:
84:
1696:
1611:
1488:
1333:"Large carrion beetles (Coleoptera, Silphidae) in Western Europe: a review"
1290:
1216:
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1079:
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3457:
3401:
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3309:
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1961:
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1304:
1007:
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671:
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74:
69:
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39:
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parasite. The parasites can be easily transmitted to other hosts during
534:. The cycle takes two to seven days after the egg is laid to hatch. The
3224:
3216:
3068:
2802:
2723:
2707:
1061:
999:
953:
910:
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898:
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produce deutonymphs that crawl on Nicrophorinae and are transported to
853:
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762:
736:
675:
663:
655:
625:
621:
609:
601:
567:
543:
356:
352:
328:
89:
64:
1421:
Ratcliffe, B. The Carrion Beetles (Coleoptera:Silphidae) of Nebraska.
1366:
Forensic Entomology: The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations
1248:
1231:
703:
Beetles have many different weapons available to protect them against
554:. Pupation takes fourteen to twenty one days and is the major part of
401:
The word "silphid" or "sylph", first seen in the sixteenth century in
3844:
3753:
2815:
2675:
2308:
1785:
1773:
1760:
995:
805:
766:
724:
667:
605:
539:
332:
324:
264:
175:
165:
145:
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1318:
The carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Nebraska. Bulletin 13
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906:
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586:
571:
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388:
336:
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and takes twelve to forty eight hours for the eggs to hatch into
888:
654:
Silphid adults feed in a saprophagous manner: they colonize the
551:
3650:
2059:
2010:
1884:
1816:
1732:
909:. Mites help Nicrophorinae reduce the number of competitors on
765:
to breed and feed on. Beetles also have two sets of wings, the
1230:
Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A.; Condamine, Fabien L. (April 2016).
1011:
990:
Silphidae are being studied to find more exact estimations of
3779:
852:
to humans. They help the environment by laying their eggs on
666:. The primary food source for the subfamily Silphinae is the
1650:
10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0335:sofscb]2.0.co;2
1165:"Early origin of parental care in Mesozoic carrion beetles"
303:
such as dead animals. The subfamilies differ in which uses
1576:
10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[266:pmdamb]2.0.co;2
600:
Nicrophorinae are well known for the habit of locating a
2131:(furniture beetles, death watch beetles, spider beetles)
1116:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–541.
382:
carcasses, whereas flightless species will feed on soil
1368:. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC. pp. 10, 37, 189–199.
860:, which prevents accumulation of deceased organisms.
1407:
Essential Entomology: An Order-by-Order Introduction
1320:. Lincoln, USA: University of Nebraska State Museum.
3659:
3565:
3516:
3482:
3473:
3351:
3342:
3295:
3270:
3154:
3125:
3022:
2996:
2987:
2769:
2748:
2674:
2481:
2372:
2228:
2174:
2165:
2140:
2082:
2073:
1898:
1409:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. pp. 62–66.
1263:Abe, T.; Ikeda, H.; Kagaya, T.; Kubota, K. (2008).
735:. The secretion has a strong, foul odor and may be
1465:. University of California Press 2004. p. 154–156.
948:. They are a very important tool in determining a
612:males try to boost their reproduction by emitting
291:. Members of Nicrophorinae are sometimes known as
3008:(jewel beetles, or metallic wood-boring beetles)
1340:Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment
916:Silphidae are known for being hosts to juvenile
343:were included. This family has two subfamilies,
1169:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2731:(true weevils, bark beetles, ambrosia beetles)
1563:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
366:, known as the American burying beetle, is an
1744:
879:feeds on pumpkins, spinach, and sugar beets.
8:
2974:(ironclad beetles, cylindrical bark beetles)
1057:"Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)"
624:. The losing pair will be ejected from the
3647:
3479:
3348:
2993:
2171:
2079:
2070:
2056:
2007:
1895:
1881:
1813:
1751:
1737:
1729:
1364:Byrd, Jason H.; Castner, James L. (2001).
323:The family Silphidae belongs to the order
100:
20:
3638:List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
2718:(straight snout weevils, New York weevil)
1574:
1280:
1247:
1236:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1206:
1188:
1088:
1078:
940:Silphidae are one of several families of
3145:(cicada beetle, cicada parasite beetles)
1592:International Journal of Legal Medicine
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1046:
952:by collecting Silphid progeny from the
3235:(false fireflies, long-lipped beetles)
1631:
1629:
1417:
1415:
1305:https://www.etymonline.com/word/sylvan
848:Silphids are usually not considered a
493:. A species found in Great Britain is
355:. Nicrophorinae breed on small animal
1423:Bulletin of the Nebraska State Museum
789:, which may help reduce competition.
409:meaning "forests" or "of the woods".
339:. In the past, members of the family
7:
3971:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille
3819:1f86ee05-e04b-475b-9ddc-2cc934a5ea02
3261:(false metallic wood-boring beetles)
1388:. Agriculture Canada. Archived from
1524:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1379:Anderson, RS & SB Peck (1985).
1677:Experimental and Applied Acarology
1463:Introduction to California Beetles
1112:Eggert, A.; Muller, J. K. (1997).
319:Taxonomy, evolution, and etymology
14:
2872:Perimylopidae, or Promecheilidae
2457:(minute brown scavenger beetles)
1557:Grossman J.D.; Smith RJ (2008).
1282:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00432.x
924:are closely associated with the
711:including colour warnings (from
122:
3087:(variegated mud-loving beetles)
856:and the larvae break down the
1:
2916:(narrow-waisted bark beetles)
2608:(parasitic flat bark beetles)
2559:(short-winged flower beetles)
2415:(lady beetles, or God's cows)
2152:(tooth-necked fungus beetles)
1673:Poecilochirus austroasiaticus
1303:Online Etymology Dictionary.
800:from other organisms for the
3428:(sand-loving scarab beetles)
2818:(minute tree-fungus beetles)
2644:(silvanid flat bark beetles)
1437:Journal of Organic Chemistry
960:, the emphasis on utilizing
3577:(primitive carrion beetles)
3533:(minute mud-loving beetles)
3396:(bumble bee scarab beetles)
3166:(soft-bodied plant beetles)
3137:(soft bodied plant beetles)
1940:(predaceous diving beetles)
538:will develop through three
267:that are known commonly as
3992:
3412:(scavenger scarab beetles)
3404:(enigmatic scarab beetles)
2577:Lamingtonium binnaberrense
2291:(soft-wing flower beetles)
1130:The Coleopterists Bulletin
901:. Once they arrive at the
658:during all four stages of
413:Diversity and distribution
3635:
3551:(water scavenger beetles)
3284:Rhinorhipus tamborinensis
3063:(long-toed water beetles)
2956:(polypore fungus beetles)
2858:(palm and flower beetles)
2842:(tumbling flower beetles)
2789:(ant-like flower beetles)
2567:(lined flat bark beetles)
2541:(pleasing fungus beetles)
2436:(handsome fungus beetles)
2069:
2055:
2020:
2006:
1981:(burrowing water beetles)
1894:
1880:
1826:
1812:
1768:
1689:10.1007/s10493-012-9606-1
1604:10.1007/s00414-017-1764-6
1536:10.1007/s00265-007-0403-5
958:medicocriminal entomology
757:Locomotion and navigation
719:), chemical defenses and
650:colonizing a dead rodent.
574:. The amount of food and
233:
228:
119:Scientific classification
117:
108:
99:
23:
3598:(feather-winged beetles)
2932:(false longhorn beetles)
2879:(jugular-horned beetles)
2826:(false darkling beetles)
2797:(cryptic fungus beetles)
2616:(shining flower beetles)
1956:(crawling water beetles)
1855:Sikhotealinia zhiltzovae
998:to come in contact with
944:importance in the order
922:Nicrophorus vespilloides
647:Nicrophorus vespilloides
491:Thanatophilus lapponicus
482:Oiceoptoma noveboracense
454:Nicrophorus investigator
3079:(forest stream beetles)
2940:(synchroa bark beetles)
2900:(dead log bark beetles)
2892:(fire-coloured beetles)
2781:(ant-like leaf beetles)
2515:(silken fungus beetles)
2449:(well polished beetles)
2423:(minute fungus beetles)
2242:Acanthocnemus nigricans
1638:Southeastern Naturalist
1316:Ratcliffe B.C. (1996).
1190:10.1073/pnas.1412280111
891:. Mites from the genus
835:with the primary male.
773:. When an animal dies,
591:Male (left) and female
393:Ridged Carrion Beetle (
30:Middle Jurassic–Present
3590:(round fungus beetles)
2924:(false flower beetles)
2908:(wedge-shaped beetles)
2866:(false blister beetle)
2850:(hairy fungus beetles)
2805:(conifer bark beetles)
2702:(leaf-rolling weevils)
2363:(bark-gnawing beetles)
2123:(wounded-tree beetles)
1989:(false ground beetles)
1911:(trout-stream beetles)
1520:Nicrophorus pustulatus
1489:10.1006/anbe.1997.0588
1080:10.3897/zookeys.88.807
1038:mites in the process.
873:feeds on beets, while
823:Silphidae compete for
651:
597:
532:forensic entomologists
512:Nicrophorus nepalensis
507:Nicrophorus nepalensis
472:Nicrophorus tomentosus
466:Nicrophorus orbicollis
460:Nicrophorus marginatus
442:Nicrophorus americanus
398:
363:Nicrophorus americanus
309:forensic entomologists
3918:Paleobiology Database
3502:(false clown beetles)
3324:(plate-thigh beetles)
3206:(false click beetles)
3111:(water-penny beetles)
2760:(ship-timber beetles)
2739:(pine flower weevils)
2587:(root-eating beetles)
2407:(minute bark beetles)
2318:Phloiophilus edwardsi
1845:(reticulated beetles)
992:post-mortem intervals
984:Thanatophilus rugosus
750:Necrodes surinamensis
644:
590:
495:Oiceoptoma thoracicum
448:Nicrophorus carolinus
431:Necrodes surinamensis
392:
269:large carrion beetles
3814:Fauna Europaea (new)
3380:(false stag beetles)
3365:Belohina inexpectata
3227:(net-winged beetles)
3190:(rare click beetles)
3103:(travertine beetles)
3095:(minute mud beetles)
2660:(dry-fungus beetles)
2495:Agapytho foveicollis
2252:(false skin beetles)
2115:(Jacobson's beetles)
1835:Crowsoniella relicta
1461:Evans, A. Hogue, J.
1022:mites (for example,
950:post-mortem interval
883:With other organisms
876:Necrophila americana
680:post-mortem interval
670:mass present on the
632:Behavior and ecology
594:Necrophila americana
487:Oiceoptoma rugulosum
477:Oiceoptoma inaequale
436:Necrophila americana
395:Oiceoptoma inaequale
313:post-mortem interval
111:Nicrophorus vespillo
3378:Diphyllostomatidae
2710:(primitive weevils)
2523:(flat bark beetles)
2273:(checkered beetles)
2260:(fruitworm beetles)
1948:(whirligig beetles)
1449:10.1021/jo00300a020
1405:McGavin, George C.
1181:2014PNAS..11114170C
1175:(39): 14170–14174.
1071:2011ZooK...88....1B
427:Heterosilpha ramosa
3243:(glowworm beetles)
2948:(darkling beetles)
2795:Archeocrypticidae
2652:(palmetto beetles)
2399:(dry bark beetles)
2186:(longhorn beetles)
1010:that will feed on
1006:are opportunistic
820:chances increase.
652:
598:
522:Silphidae undergo
399:
368:endangered species
3943:
3942:
3905:Open Tree of Life
3653:Taxon identifiers
3644:
3643:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3615:
3607:
3606:(carrion beetles)
3599:
3591:
3578:
3552:
3534:
3503:
3495:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3405:
3397:
3389:
3381:
3368:
3338:
3337:
3325:
3317:
3287:
3262:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3182:(soldier beetles)
3175:
3172:Brachypsectridae
3167:
3146:
3138:
3112:
3104:
3096:
3088:
3080:
3072:
3064:
3051:
3043:
3035:
3009:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2930:Stenotrachelidae
2925:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2880:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2834:(blister beetles)
2827:
2819:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2761:
2740:
2732:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2685:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2588:
2580:
2568:
2560:
2542:
2524:
2516:
2498:
2458:
2450:
2437:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2382:Akalyptoischiidae
2364:
2321:
2304:
2292:
2274:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2195:
2187:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2103:
2095:
2051:
2050:
2028:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1982:
1974:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1912:
1876:
1875:
1858:
1846:
1838:
1530:(11): 1717–1723.
1443:(13): 4047–4051.
1249:10.1111/bij.12710
936:Forensic research
709:ecological niches
618:communal breeding
566:is done near the
258:
257:
253:
243:
224:
16:Family of beetles
3983:
3936:
3935:
3926:
3925:
3913:
3912:
3900:
3899:
3887:
3886:
3884:NHMSYS0001720097
3874:
3873:
3861:
3860:
3848:
3847:
3835:
3834:
3822:
3821:
3809:
3808:
3796:
3795:
3783:
3782:
3770:
3769:
3757:
3756:
3744:
3743:
3731:
3730:
3721:
3720:
3708:
3707:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3648:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3576:
3550:
3532:
3501:
3493:
3480:
3475:Staphyliniformia
3459:
3451:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3362:
3349:
3323:
3314:Declinia relicta
3311:
3281:
3260:
3254:Sinopyrophoridae
3249:Rhagophthalmidae
3242:
3234:
3226:
3218:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3164:Artematopodidae
3144:
3136:
3110:
3102:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3071:(riffle beetles)
3070:
3062:
3050:(turtle beetles)
3049:
3041:
3033:
3007:
2994:
2973:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2931:
2923:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2878:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2759:
2738:
2730:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2694:(fungus weevils)
2693:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2666:Tasmosalpingidae
2659:
2651:
2643:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2586:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2540:
2522:
2514:
2492:
2456:
2448:
2435:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2362:
2315:
2298:
2290:
2272:
2259:
2251:
2239:
2238:Acanthocnemidae
2193:
2185:
2172:
2151:
2130:
2122:
2114:
2101:
2093:
2080:
2071:
2057:
2026:
2008:
1988:
1980:
1968:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1924:(ground beetles)
1923:
1910:
1896:
1882:
1852:
1844:
1832:
1831:Crowsoniellidae
1814:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1730:
1709:
1708:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1477:Animal Behaviour
1472:
1466:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1432:
1426:
1419:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1387:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1348:
1347:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1284:
1275:(8): 2065–2079.
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1210:
1192:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1092:
1082:
1051:
779:cyclic compounds
775:hydrogen sulfide
733:terpene alcohols
717:Batesian mimicry
691:of silphids for
279:. There are two
248:
238:
219:
196:Staphyliniformia
127:
126:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3961:Beetle families
3946:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3931:
3929:
3921:
3916:
3908:
3903:
3895:
3890:
3882:
3877:
3869:
3864:
3856:
3851:
3843:
3838:
3830:
3825:
3817:
3812:
3804:
3799:
3791:
3786:
3778:
3773:
3765:
3760:
3752:
3747:
3739:
3734:
3726:
3724:
3716:
3711:
3703:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3655:
3645:
3640:
3619:
3561:
3512:
3494:(clown beetles)
3465:
3436:(betsy beetles)
3344:Scarabaeiformia
3334:
3291:
3266:
3198:(click beetles)
3174:(Texas beetles)
3150:
3121:
3117:Ptilodactylidae
3042:(cedar beetles)
3018:
2979:
2962:Trictenotomidae
2848:Mycetophagidae
2765:
2744:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2670:
2622:Phloeostichidae
2573:Lamingtoniidae
2565:Laemophloeidae
2513:Cryptophagidae
2477:
2368:
2351:Thanerocleridae
2314:Phloiophilidae
2301:Metaxina ornata
2266:Chaetosomatidae
2224:
2157:
2136:
2094:(auger beetles)
2075:Bostrichiformia
2065:
2047:
2043:Torridincolidae
2027:(skiff beetles)
2025:Hydroscaphidae
2016:
1994:
1987:Trachypachidae
1932:(tiger beetles)
1890:
1872:
1822:
1808:
1764:
1757:
1726:
1717:
1712:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1456:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1413:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1362:
1351:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1044:
979:N. surinamensis
938:
885:
846:
841:
795:
759:
729:aliphatic acids
701:
639:
634:
585:
520:
500:One species of
422:to 45 mm.
415:
321:
293:burying beetles
277:burying beetles
273:carrion beetles
263:is a family of
244:
218:
121:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3989:
3987:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3966:Staphylinoidea
3963:
3958:
3948:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3927:
3914:
3901:
3888:
3875:
3862:
3849:
3836:
3823:
3810:
3801:Fauna Europaea
3797:
3784:
3771:
3758:
3745:
3732:
3722:
3709:
3696:
3681:
3665:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3614:(rove beetles)
3612:Staphylinidae
3609:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3580:
3571:
3569:
3567:Staphylinoidea
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:Hydrophilidae
3546:
3541:
3536:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3518:Hydrophiloidea
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3497:
3488:
3486:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3460:(hide beetles)
3455:
3447:
3444:(rain beetles)
3439:
3431:
3423:
3420:(stag beetles)
3415:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3373:Bolboceratidae
3370:
3357:
3355:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3319:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3280:Rhinorhipidae
3276:
3274:
3272:Rhinorhipoidea
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3209:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3160:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3140:
3131:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3106:
3098:
3090:
3085:Heteroceridae
3082:
3074:
3066:
3058:
3053:
3048:Chelonariidae
3045:
3040:Callirhipidae
3037:
3034:(pill beetles)
3028:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3002:
3000:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2951:
2946:Tenebrionidae
2943:
2935:
2927:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2882:
2874:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2775:
2773:
2771:Tenebrionoidea
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2734:
2729:Curculionidae
2726:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2688:
2686:
2676:Curculionoidea
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2637:Protocucujidae
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2590:
2582:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2529:Cybocephalidae
2526:
2518:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2429:Discolomatidae
2426:
2418:
2413:Coccinellidae
2410:
2402:
2397:Bothrideridae
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2374:Coccinelloidea
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:Trogossitidae
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2311:
2306:
2294:
2286:
2281:
2279:Lophocateridae
2276:
2268:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2234:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2194:(leaf beetles)
2192:Chrysomelidae
2189:
2180:
2178:
2176:Chrysomeloidea
2169:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2121:Nosodendridae
2118:
2113:Jacobsoniidae
2110:
2105:
2102:(skin beetles)
2097:
2088:
2086:
2077:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1976:
1971:Meru phyllisae
1964:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1905:
1903:
1892:
1891:
1885:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1863:Micromalthidae
1860:
1848:
1840:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1715:External links
1713:
1711:
1710:
1683:(3): 297–305.
1663:
1644:(2): 335–346.
1625:
1598:(3): 939–954.
1582:
1569:(1): 266–271.
1549:
1510:
1467:
1454:
1427:
1411:
1398:
1395:on 2013-06-15.
1371:
1349:
1323:
1308:
1296:
1255:
1242:(4): 686–704.
1222:
1155:
1119:
1104:
1045:
1043:
1040:
937:
934:
884:
881:
845:
842:
840:
837:
794:
791:
783:chemoreceptors
758:
755:
747:. The species
739:irritating to
700:
697:
638:
635:
633:
630:
584:
581:
524:holometabolous
519:
516:
417:Silphidae are
414:
411:
320:
317:
301:organic matter
297:sexton beetles
256:
255:
231:
230:
226:
225:
213:
209:
208:
206:Staphylinoidea
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
32:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3988:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3934:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3639:
3634:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3500:Sphaeritidae
3498:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3450:Scarabaeidae
3448:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3424:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3388:(dor beetles)
3384:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3353:Scarabaeoidea
3350:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3188:Cerophytidae
3186:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3143:Rhipiceridae
3141:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3077:Eulichadidae
3075:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3056:Cneoglossidae
3054:
3052:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3014:Schizopodidae
3012:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2989:Elateriformia
2986:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2954:Tetratomidae
2952:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2906:Ripiphoridae
2904:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2890:Pyrochroidae
2888:
2886:
2885:Pterogeniidae
2883:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2824:Melandryidae
2822:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2811:Chalcodryidae
2809:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2737:Nemonychidae
2735:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Propalticidae
2630:
2628:
2627:Priasilphidae
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2606:Passandridae
2604:
2602:
2600:(sap beetles)
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2508:Cavognathidae
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2442:Eupsilobiidae
2440:
2438:
2434:Endomychidae
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2421:Corylophidae
2419:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2336:Protopeltidae
2334:
2332:
2331:Prionoceridae
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2284:Mauroniscidae
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2205:Megalopodidae
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2184:Cerambycidae
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2150:Derodontidae
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2142:Derodontoidea
2139:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2108:Endecatomidae
2106:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2092:Bostrichidae
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2084:Bostrichoidea
2081:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:Sphaeriusidae
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2005:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1930:Cicindelidae
1928:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1483:(1): 97–107.
1482:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1391:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:(3): 435–447.
1345:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:10.1649/982.1
1139:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:(88): 1–972.
1064:
1063:
1058:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1036:Poecilochirus
1033:
1032:Poecilochirus
1029:
1028:Poecilochirus
1025:
1024:Poecilochirus
1021:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
986:
985:
980:
976:
972:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
935:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:
894:Poecilochirus
890:
882:
880:
878:
877:
872:
871:
870:Aclypea opaca
865:
861:
859:
855:
851:
843:
839:Relationships
838:
836:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
810:Shakespearean
807:
803:
799:
792:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
756:
754:
752:
751:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:parental care
718:
714:
710:
706:
698:
696:
694:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:decomposition
657:
649:
648:
643:
636:
631:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
596:
595:
589:
582:
580:
577:
576:parental care
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:metamorphosis
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
517:
515:
513:
509:
508:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:
478:
474:
473:
468:
467:
462:
461:
456:
455:
450:
449:
444:
443:
438:
437:
432:
428:
423:
420:
412:
410:
408:
404:
396:
391:
387:
385:
384:invertebrates
381:
376:
371:
369:
365:
364:
358:
354:
350:
349:Nicrophorinae
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
318:
316:
314:
310:
306:
305:parental care
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:Nicrophorinae
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
254:
251:
247:
241:
237:
236:Nicrophorinae
232:
227:
222:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
202:Superfamily:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
125:
120:
116:
113:
112:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
3660:
3603:
3539:Helophoridae
3531:Georissidae
3526:Epimetopidae
3442:Pleocomidae
3426:Ochodaeidae
3410:Hybosoridae
3394:Glaphyridae
3386:Geotrupidae
3364:
3361:Belohinidae
3322:Eucinetidae
3313:
3310:Decliniidae
3283:
3241:Phengodidae
3180:Cantharidae
3135:Dascillidae
3127:Dascilloidea
3109:Psephenidae
3101:Lutrochidae
3093:Limnichidae
3006:Buprestidae
2998:Buprestoidea
2938:Synchroidae
2922:Scraptiidae
2914:Salpingidae
2877:Prostomidae
2864:Oedemeridae
2840:Mordellidae
2758:Lymexylidae
2750:Lymexyloidea
2700:Attelabidae
2692:Anthribidae
2650:Smicripidae
2614:Phalacridae
2598:Nitidulidae
2593:Myraboliidae
2585:Monotomidae
2576:
2557:Kateretidae
2534:Cyclaxyridae
2494:
2491:Agapythidae
2455:Latridiidae
2405:Cerylonidae
2392:Anamorphidae
2326:Phycosecidae
2317:
2300:
2297:Metaxinidae
2250:Biphyllidae
2241:
2210:Orsodacnidae
2167:Cucujiformia
2100:Dermestidae
1970:
1909:Amphizoidae
1854:
1834:
1820:Archostemata
1804:Holometabola
1802:Superorder:
1796:Infraclass:
1725:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1641:
1637:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1462:
1457:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1425:. Volume 13.
1422:
1406:
1401:
1390:the original
1381:
1374:
1365:
1343:
1339:
1326:
1317:
1311:
1299:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1113:
1107:
1060:
1049:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1002:. Silphidae
996:coleopterans
989:
982:
978:
975:O. inaequale
974:
939:
921:
915:
892:
886:
874:
868:
866:
862:
847:
822:
796:
760:
748:
702:
653:
645:
599:
592:
583:Reproduction
521:
511:
505:
501:
499:
494:
490:
486:
480:
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
440:
434:
430:
426:
424:
416:
406:
400:
394:
375:Daohugou Bed
372:
361:
322:
296:
292:
276:
272:
268:
260:
259:
234:
229:Subfamilies
215:
192:Infraorder:
109:
18:
3840:iNaturalist
3685:Wikispecies
3583:Hydraenidae
3557:Spercheidae
3544:Hydrochidae
3508:Synteliidae
3492:Histeridae
3484:Histeroidea
3434:Passalidae
3402:Glaresidae
3259:Throscidae
3219:(fireflies)
3217:Lampyridae
3204:Eucnemidae
3196:Elateridae
3156:Elateroidea
2972:Zopheridae
2856:Mycteridae
2787:Anthicidae
2658:Sphindidae
2642:Silvanidae
2552:Hobartiidae
2539:Erotylidae
2468:Mycetaeidae
2463:Murmidiidae
2447:Euxestidae
2341:Rentoniidae
2215:Oxypeltidae
2200:Disteniidae
2033:Lepiceridae
1962:Hygrobiidae
1954:Haliplidae
1938:Dytiscidae
1917:Aspidytidae
1136:(4): 9–15.
1020:Parasitidae
971:sclerotized
844:With humans
818:procreation
798:Competition
793:Competition
741:cockroaches
713:aposematism
564:Oviposition
518:Development
502:Nicrophorus
281:subfamilies
3976:Scavengers
3950:Categories
3604:Silphidae
3596:Ptiliidae
3588:Leiodidae
3575:Agyrtidae
3418:Lucanidae
3297:Scirtoidea
3233:Omethidae
3212:Jurasaidae
3061:Dryopidae
3032:Byrrhidae
3024:Byrrhoidea
2716:Brentidae
2521:Cucujidae
2503:Boganiidae
2483:Cucujoidea
2356:Thymalidae
2346:Rhadalidae
2289:Melyridae
2258:Byturidae
2220:Vesperidae
2129:Ptiniidae
1979:Noteridae
1946:Gyrinidae
1922:Carabidae
1851:Jurodidae
1843:Cupedidae
1790:Subclass:
1780:Arthropoda
1761:Coleoptera
1042:References
962:arthropods
946:Coleoptera
930:copulation
689:competitor
614:pheromones
528:life cycle
419:ubiquitous
403:Paracelsus
380:vertebrate
325:Coleoptera
182:Suborder:
176:Coleoptera
156:Arthropoda
3956:Silphidae
3718:Silphidae
3705:Silphidae
3691:Silphidae
3661:Silphidae
3458:Trogidae
3452:(scarabs)
3330:Scirtidae
3305:Clambidae
2898:Pythidae
2832:Meloidae
2779:Aderidae
2682:(weevils)
2547:Helotidae
2473:Teredidae
2387:Alexiidae
2271:Cleridae
2230:Cleroidea
2063:Polyphaga
2061:Suborder
2014:Myxophaga
2012:Suborder
1967:Meruidae
1886:Suborder
1868:Ommatidae
1818:Suborder
1792:Pterygota
1772:Kingdom:
1620:206976798
1269:Evolution
1199:0027-8424
1008:predators
918:nematodes
854:carcasses
787:nocturnal
777:and some
771:evolution
763:carcasses
737:topically
345:Silphinae
341:Agyrtidae
285:Silphinae
261:Silphidae
250:Latreille
246:Silphinae
221:Latreille
216:Silphidae
186:Polyphaga
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
24:Silphidae
3749:BugGuide
3725:BioLib:
3670:Wikidata
3225:Lycidae
3069:Elmidae
2967:Ulodidae
2803:Boridae
2708:Belidae
2309:Peltidae
1902:families
1888:Adephaga
1798:Neoptera
1778:Phylum:
1774:Animalia
1763:families
1705:16228053
1697:22914911
1658:86084430
1612:29270839
1544:26073189
1505:41821139
1291:18507741
1217:25225362
1150:85841685
1099:21594053
1012:dipteran
966:evidence
942:forensic
926:nematode
858:detritus
850:nuisance
825:brooding
705:predator
693:detritus
684:detritus
672:detritus
548:detritus
212:Family:
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
3933:4779669
3676:Q303626
2816:Ciidae
2724:Caridae
1786:Insecta
1784:Class:
1759:Extant
1497:9480676
1208:4191754
1177:Bibcode
1090:3088472
1067:Bibcode
1062:ZooKeys
1000:carrion
954:carcass
911:carrion
903:carrion
899:carrion
814:carcass
806:maggots
802:carrion
699:Defense
676:carcass
664:carrion
656:carrion
626:carrion
622:carrion
610:carrion
606:maggots
602:carcass
568:carcass
544:carrion
542:on the
540:instars
357:carrion
353:carrion
329:carrion
265:beetles
172:Order:
166:Insecta
162:Class:
3930:uBio:
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1540:S2CID
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1393:(PDF)
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889:mites
833:brood
829:brood
745:flies
560:imago
407:silva
333:fungi
240:Kirby
3892:NCBI
3866:ITIS
3832:4762
3827:GBIF
3788:EPPO
3780:8614
3741:1078
3736:BOLD
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1693:PMID
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1596:2017
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637:Food
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