142:
33:
568:
664:
176:, and by 1932 nine of its cars were in operating service, all of which featured innovative and distinctive pneumatic tires. The company claimed that its application of tires on its rail cars afforded both a substantially more cushioned ride and increased the cars' traction by 35%. The design of Michelin's tired wheels included an
506:
in
October 1933. The two-car train weighted 52 short tons (46 long tons; 47 t) and measured 140 feet (42.7 m) in total length, making it the largest rail vehicle that the Budd Company had built to that point, and substantially heavier than the demonstration and production rubber-tired cars
256:
under license from
Michelin. Beginning in November 1932, the Reading operated its 47-passenger car (which measured 50 ft or 15 m long and weighed 12 short tons or 11 t) on its New Hope branch. However, its numerous shortcomings, ranging from its bouncy ride and tendency to derail to
264:
In 1933, the
Pennsylvania took delivery of two rail cars that operated in car-and-trailer configuration. Largely similar to the car ordered by the Reading, these rail cars were also beset by problems with their rubber-tired wheels, which were later replaced with conventional trucks. After being
585:
was a "costly failure" that was "extremely embarrassing" to the Budd
Company and ultimately forced the company to abandon its ambitious rubber-tired rail car program altogether. However, Budd did not give up on building lightweight, stainless-steel trains: its very next project was the highly
203:
had helped design early in his career. Michelin likewise took interest in a potential collaboration, chiefly due to its desire to expand into the
American market. In September 1931, Budd signed an agreement with Michelin that allowed it to develop and sell Michelin's
1255:
618:
is "sometimes cited as the first true streamlined passenger train", although "it remained relatively obscure and never received the national media attention enjoyed by later streamlined trains". Karl
Zimmermann concurs, observing that while "the
1200:
216:
Completed in early 1932, the first of the Budd–Michelin collaborations was a 40-passenger, single-car demonstrator nicknamed the "Green Goose", which rode on 12 wheels and was powered by an 85-horsepower (63 kW)
79:
After building two demonstrators in what would become its signature semi-streamlined, fluted stainless-steel style, the Budd
Company built four production rubber-tired rail cars for American railroads: one for the
1160:
1120:
1068:
1320:
1073:
1230:
1195:
228:, was sent to France for testing. The two demonstrators were both built in the semi-streamlined, fluted stainless-steel style that would become the Budd Company's signature design.
1235:
1275:
265:
retrofitted, these cars went on to become the longest surviving of the Budd–Michelin rail cars. They remained with the
Pennsylvania until 1943, when they were sold to the
141:
1305:
1270:
1190:
1180:
1155:
1095:
1085:
107:
is sometimes credited as the "first true streamlined passenger train", although it has remained obscure in comparison with other competitors for the title, such as the
1290:
1265:
1260:
1250:
1205:
1115:
555:. However, it derailed during a test run, and while the trailing coach was outfitted with new trucks, the power car also demonstrated reliability issues. By 1935, the
1310:
1295:
1170:
1165:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1125:
1110:
1100:
1090:
514:, which featured a distinctive "knife-edge" nose, baggage and mail compartments, and conventional steel-wheeled trucks. Powered by two 240-horsepower (180 kW)
1300:
1285:
1280:
1245:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1185:
1105:
865:
1315:
1240:
1210:
1175:
1130:
1416:
1840:
184:
that were only used in the event of a puncture or other type of tire failure; during normal operation, only the rubber tire made contact with the rail.
1789:
1779:
935:
64:
design. Michelin built its first rail car in 1929, and by 1932 had built a fleet of nine cars that all featured innovative and distinctive pneumatic
195:
carbodies; it had developed the shot welding process and utilized stainless steel to overcome frame failures that plagued the earlier streamlined
1819:
1080:
831:
266:
100:
had been scrapped, and the
Pennsylvania's two cars, the longest surviving of the Budd–Michelin collaborations, met the same fate in 1948.
1347:
1063:
1865:
858:
1688:
1409:
253:
32:
1860:
783:
775:
715:
1377:
851:
164:, at the time a relatively obscure auto-frame supplier, developed an extensive working relationship with the French firm
1013:
522:
443:
432:
305:
68:. In September 1931, an agreement signed between the two companies allowed Budd to use the new rubber rail tires on its
1490:
1402:
956:
596:
1797:
1516:
1512:
1477:
1435:
503:
466:
249:
93:
1855:
1524:
411:
196:
187:
Inspired by
Michelin's success, the Budd Company set its sights on marrying the new rubber rail tires with its
1733:
1394:
1725:
1568:
1008:
528:, the lead car weighed 40 short tons (35.7 long tons; 36.3 t) in all. The second car was the trailing
1631:
1448:
823:
707:
624:
114:
1845:
1670:
241:
85:
1456:
1766:
1717:
1655:
1041:
529:
258:
1608:
1383:
977:
909:
552:
205:
146:
57:
236:
The Budd Company built four production rubber-tired rail cars for American railroads: one for the
1756:
1624:
1616:
1600:
703:
644:
600:
525:
122:
1472:
1443:
502:
was the name bestowed upon the last of the Budd–Michelin rail cars, which was delivered to the
1850:
1576:
1342:
827:
779:
765:
711:
697:
649:
608:
548:
515:
417:
130:
1647:
1639:
1018:
533:
427:
273:
short line that operated them for only a few months; they were ultimately scrapped in 1948.
150:
1793:
1709:
1584:
1494:
237:
192:
81:
73:
595:
Rubber-tired rail cars achieved greater success in France, as Michelin built 30 for the
257:
its low top speed (reputed to be near 45 mph or 72 km/h) and steep price tag (
96:. All were plagued by problems, chief among them their tendency to derail. By 1935, the
1805:
1678:
1592:
1033:
940:
896:
604:
588:
573:
385:
200:
126:
109:
17:
1834:
1696:
1560:
1552:
1464:
669:
537:
518:
476:
420:
221:
76:
carbodies, and at the same time allowed Michelin to expand into the American market.
540:. The second car weighed just 12 short tons (10.7 long tons; 10.9 t) in total.
1774:
1544:
1368:
1363:
914:
891:
315:
188:
161:
69:
49:
817:
1534:
919:
357:
1502:
1003:
901:
659:
532:, which had 16 rubber-tired wheels as well as seating for 76 passengers in an
771:
567:
511:
177:
40:, in 1933; it is sometimes credited as the first streamlined passenger train
1529:
1373:
874:
319:
270:
165:
154:
121:. Rubber-tired rail cars achieved greater success in France, and similar
53:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1023:
628:
218:
173:
118:
61:
181:
663:
261:
75,000), discouraged the Reading from ordering any more such cars.
1426:
998:
982:
566:
486:
140:
31:
169:
65:
1398:
847:
252:. The pneumatic tires for these cars were actually produced by
52:
in the United States between 1931 and 1933 using French firm
843:
224:. A second demonstrator, a smaller, 30-passenger car named
631:
typically vie for the title of 'first streamliner'", the
36:
Budd's fluted stainless-steel, rubber-tired railcar, the
1788:
1765:
1708:
1687:
1669:
1543:
1511:
1489:
1434:
1356:
1335:
1050:
1032:
991:
965:
949:
928:
881:
482:
472:
462:
457:
439:
426:
410:
400:
392:
356:
351:
333:
325:
311:
301:
296:
285:
1256:San Francisco Bay Area and Northern California
1410:
859:
635:is deserving of consideration for the honor.
8:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
543:The Texas and Pacific intended to enter the
103:While generally regarded as a failure, the
1417:
1403:
1395:
1047:
866:
852:
844:
611:as well as on numerous systems in Europe.
454:
348:
293:
936:French Bilingual School of South Carolina
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
208:" rail car design in the United States.
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
677:
282:
133:, and on numerous systems in Europe.
7:
973:Budd–Michelin rubber-tired rail cars
267:Washington and Old Dominion Railroad
172:. In 1929, Michelin built its first
46:Budd–Michelin rubber-tired rail cars
1201:Los Angeles and Southern California
767:The American Railroad Passenger Car
25:
1841:North American streamliner trains
1571:General Pershing Zephyr
547:into operational service between
199:cars, which Budd Company founder
662:
581:According to John H. White, the
168:, which was best known for its
160:During the 1920s, the American
776:Johns Hopkins University Press
599:in 1937. Furthermore, similar
1:
1820:Lightweight train locomotives
1378:2005 United States Grand Prix
614:Brian Solomon notes that the
538:segregated "Jim Crow" section
1014:United States Rubber Company
536:compartment that included a
1425:North American lightweight
957:Michelin Challenge Bibendum
699:American Diesel Locomotives
1882:
1866:Texas and Pacific Railway
1814:
822:. Saint Paul, Minnesota:
816:Zimmermann, Karl (2004).
597:Eastern Railway of France
504:Texas and Pacific Railway
467:Texas and Pacific Railway
453:
406:(46 long tons; 47 tonnes)
347:
292:
250:Texas and Pacific Railway
94:Texas and Pacific Railway
601:rubber-tired subway cars
123:rubber-tired subway cars
1009:Multistrada Arah Sarana
764:White, John H. (1985).
696:Solomon, Brian (2000).
396:140 feet (42.67 m)
1661:Rubber-tired rail cars
824:MBI Publishing Company
708:MBI Publishing Company
578:
510:The first car was the
157:
41:
27:Rubber-tired rail cars
18:Silver Slipper (train)
1861:Pennsylvania Railroad
603:have been adopted in
570:
242:Pennsylvania Railroad
144:
125:have been adopted in
86:Pennsylvania Railroad
35:
1757:UP M-10003 – M-10006
819:Burlington's Zephyrs
778:. pp. 623–624.
232:Production rail cars
1689:Goodyear / Zeppelin
1595:Pioneer Zephyr
1384:Uniroyal Giant Tire
1161:Hong Kong and Macau
910:Michelin PAX System
559:had been scrapped.
553:Texarkana, Arkansas
1064:3-star restaurants
826:. pp. 19–20.
704:Osceola, Wisconsin
650:Rubber-tyred trams
645:Rubber-tyred metro
579:
507:that preceded it.
180:safety ring and a
158:
48:were built by the
42:
1828:
1827:
1579:Mark Twain Zephyr
1480:John Quincy Adams
1392:
1391:
1331:
1330:
833:978-0-7603-1856-0
549:Fort Worth, Texas
516:American LaFrance
496:
495:
492:
491:
449:
448:
418:American LaFrance
343:
342:
306:Gasoline-electric
147:Micheline Type 22
16:(Redirected from
1873:
1587:Nebraska Zephyrs
1459:Talgo Jet Rocket
1427:passenger trains
1419:
1412:
1405:
1396:
1348:Édouard Michelin
1321:Washington, D.C.
1054:Michelin-starred
1048:
868:
861:
854:
845:
838:
837:
813:
790:
789:
761:
722:
721:
693:
672:
667:
666:
519:gasoline engines
455:
421:gasoline engines
388:
382:
378:
376:
375:
371:
368:
349:
336:
294:
283:
21:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1856:Reading Company
1831:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1810:
1790:United Aircraft
1784:
1761:
1704:
1683:
1665:
1539:
1507:
1485:
1430:
1429:by manufacturer
1423:
1393:
1388:
1352:
1327:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1046:
1028:
987:
961:
945:
924:
877:
872:
842:
841:
834:
815:
814:
793:
786:
763:
762:
725:
718:
695:
694:
679:
668:
661:
658:
641:
565:
534:air-conditioned
405:
384:
380:
373:
369:
366:
364:
363:4 ft
362:
334:
318:
297:Type and origin
281:
238:Reading Company
234:
214:
193:stainless-steel
139:
82:Reading Company
74:stainless-steel
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1879:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1731:
1723:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1634:Roger Williams
1629:
1622:
1614:
1606:
1598:
1590:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1563:Denver Zephyrs
1558:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1475:
1470:
1462:
1454:
1451:Speed Merchant
1446:
1440:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1343:André Michelin
1339:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1121:Czech Republic
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1069:United Kingdom
1060:
1058:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1034:Michelin Guide
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
995:
993:
989:
988:
986:
985:
980:
975:
969:
967:
963:
962:
960:
959:
953:
951:
947:
946:
944:
943:
941:Michelin House
938:
932:
930:
926:
925:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
904:
899:
897:ATS Euromaster
894:
889:
885:
883:
879:
878:
873:
871:
870:
863:
856:
848:
840:
839:
832:
791:
784:
723:
716:
710:. p. 43.
676:
675:
674:
673:
657:
654:
653:
652:
647:
640:
637:
633:Silver Slipper
616:Silver Slipper
589:Pioneer Zephyr
583:Silver Slipper
574:Pioneer Zephyr
564:
561:
557:Silver Slipper
545:Silver Slipper
500:Silver Slipper
494:
493:
490:
489:
484:
480:
479:
474:
470:
469:
464:
460:
459:
451:
450:
447:
446:
441:
437:
436:
430:
424:
423:
414:
408:
407:
402:
398:
397:
394:
390:
389:
386:standard gauge
360:
354:
353:
352:Specifications
345:
344:
341:
340:
337:
335:Total produced
331:
330:
327:
323:
322:
313:
309:
308:
303:
299:
298:
290:
289:
287:Silver Slipper
280:
278:Silver Slipper
275:
246:Silver Slipper
240:, two for the
233:
230:
213:
210:
201:Edward G. Budd
138:
135:
110:Pioneer Zephyr
105:Silver Slipper
98:Silver Slipper
90:Silver Slipper
84:, two for the
38:Silver Slipper
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1878:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1736:Dan'l Webster
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1720:Green Diamond
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1555:Flying Yankee
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1236:New York City
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:United States
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
990:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
968:
964:
958:
955:
954:
952:
948:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
931:
927:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
887:
886:
884:
880:
876:
869:
864:
862:
857:
855:
850:
849:
846:
835:
829:
825:
821:
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1846:Budd Company
1775:Electroliner
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1603:Twin Zephyrs
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1553:B&M-MEC
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1369:Michelin PLR
1364:Michelin Man
992:Subsidiaries
972:
915:Michelin TRX
892:Active Wheel
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1780:Streamliner
1734:NYNH&H
1697:NYNH&H
1632:NYNH&H
1478:NYNH&H
1276:South Korea
1231:Netherlands
1081:By location
1056:restaurants
1042:Derek Brown
920:ViaMichelin
586:successful
483:Disposition
412:Prime mover
401:Loco weight
189:shot-welded
149:railcar at
70:shot-welded
1835:Categories
1818:See also:
1806:TurboTrain
1752:UP M-10002
1747:UP M-10001
1742:UP M-10000
1626:Metroliner
1619:Prospector
1617:D&RGW
1609:CRI&P
1513:Bombardier
1503:Turboliner
1473:Motorailer
1457:CRI&P
1004:Masternaut
929:Facilities
902:BFGoodrich
785:0801827434
717:0760306664
656:References
526:generators
435:generators
326:Build date
302:Power type
244:, and the
226:La Fayette
88:, and the
1679:Aerotrain
1601:CB&Q
1593:CB&Q
1585:CB&Q
1577:CB&Q
1569:CB&Q
1561:CB&Q
1465:GM&N
1444:ACF-Talgo
1306:Vancouver
1271:Singapore
1191:Lithuania
1181:Las Vegas
1156:Guangzhou
1096:Argentina
1086:Abu Dhabi
978:Micheline
772:Baltimore
521:mated to
512:power car
463:Operators
428:Generator
206:Micheline
58:Micheline
1851:Michelin
1767:St Louis
1671:GM / EMD
1650:Crusader
1648:Reading
1642:Keystone
1611:Rockets'
1530:JetTrain
1449:B&M
1374:Tire war
1291:Thailand
1266:Shanghai
1261:Scotland
1251:Portugal
1206:Malaysia
1116:Colorado
1052:Lists of
966:Products
888:Achilles
875:Michelin
639:See also
487:Scrapped
444:Electric
377: in
320:Michelin
271:Virginia
254:Goodyear
248:for the
178:aluminum
174:rail car
166:Michelin
155:Mulhouse
92:for the
62:rail car
54:Michelin
1794:Pullman
1728:Xplorer
1710:Pullman
1357:Related
1311:Vietnam
1296:Toronto
1171:Ireland
1166:Iceland
1151:Florida
1146:Finland
1141:Estonia
1136:England
1126:Denmark
1111:Chicago
1101:Beijing
1091:Atlanta
1024:NexTraq
629:M-10000
577:in 1935
372:⁄
312:Builder
119:M-10000
1336:People
1301:Turkey
1286:Taiwan
1281:Sweden
1246:Poland
1226:Norway
1221:Monaco
1216:Mexico
1196:London
1186:Latvia
1106:Brazil
1019:Fenner
950:Events
882:Brands
830:
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714:
621:Zephyr
609:Mexico
605:Canada
563:Legacy
551:, and
473:Locale
458:Career
393:Length
219:Junker
197:McKeen
182:flange
137:Design
131:Mexico
127:Canada
1699:Comet
1525:Acela
1467:Rebel
1316:Wales
1241:Paris
1211:Malta
1176:Japan
1131:Dubai
999:Camso
983:Tweel
906:Corsa
358:Gauge
170:tires
66:tires
1726:NYC
1640:PRR
1545:Budd
1495:Rohr
828:ISBN
780:ISBN
712:ISBN
623:and
607:and
571:The
498:The
416:Two
329:1933
269:, a
113:and
56:'s "
44:The
1798:MLW
1718:IC
1656:RDC
1535:LRC
1517:MLW
1491:ANF
1436:ACF
627:'s
153:in
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259:$
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20:)
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