1097:, asking each to send two representatives. This body was not the first elected parliament in England. In 1254, Henry was in Gascony and in need of money. He gave instructions for his regent, Queen Eleanor, to summon a parliament consisting of knights elected by their shires to ask for this 'aid'. Montfort, who was in that parliament, took the innovation further by including ordinary citizens from the boroughs, also elected, and it was from this period that parliamentary representation derives. The list of boroughs which had the right to elect a member grew slowly over the centuries as monarchs granted charters to more English towns. (The last charter was given to Newark in 1674.)
1226:
952:
812:
900:(Gascony). Bitter complaints were excited by the rigour with which Montfort suppressed the excesses of the Seigneurs and of contending factions in the great communes. Henry yielded to the outcry and instituted a formal inquiry into Simon's administration. Simon was formally acquitted on the charges of oppression, but his accounts were disputed by Henry, and Simon retired to France in 1252. The nobles of France offered him the Regency of the kingdom, vacated by the death of Queen
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877:. Like his father, Simon was a soldier as well as a capable administrator. His dispute with King Henry came about due to the latter's determination to ignore the swelling discontent within the country, caused by a combination of factors, including famine and a sense, among the English Barons, that King Henry was too quick to dispense favour to his
908:, Bishop of Lincoln. He helped the king deal with disaffection in Gascony, but their reconciliation was a hollow one. In the Parliament of 1254, Simon led the opposition in resisting a royal demand for a subsidy. In 1256–57, when the discontent of all classes was coming to a head, Montfort nominally adhered to the royal cause. He undertook, with
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he received the next year, although he did not take full possession for several years, and did not win formal recognition as Earl of
Leicester until February 1239. Montfort became a favourite of King Henry III and even issued a charter as "Earl of Leicester" in 1236, despite having not yet been granted the title.
510:, then the language of the English court. Henry was in no position to confront the powerful Earl of Chester, so Simon approached the older, childless man himself and persuaded him to cede him the earldom. It would take another nine years before Henry formally invested him with the title Earl of Leicester.
1284:
killing perhaps the majority of Jews in Derby and
Worcester and around 500 in London. The violence and killings unleashed by the war targeting Jews carried on after his death. Jews were living in such terror that King Henry appointed burgesses and citizens of certain towns to protect and defend them
1195:
church by the canons. The grave was visited as holy ground by many commoners until King Henry caught wind of it. He declared that
Montfort deserved no spot on holy ground, and had his remains reburied in another "secret" location, probably in the crypt. The remains of some of Montfort's soldiers who
1166:
An ominous black cloud hung over the field of
Evesham on 4 August 1265 as Montfort led his army in a desperate uphill charge against superior forces, described by one chronicler as the "murder of Evesham, for battle it was none". On hearing that his son Henry had been killed, Montfort replied, "Then
1119:
were friends and allies of Prince Edward, and when he escaped in May 1265, they rallied around his opposition. The final nail was the defection of
Gilbert de Clare, the Earl of Gloucester, the most powerful baron and Simon's ally at Lewes. Clare had grown resentful of Simon's fame and growing power.
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At the time, the King was periodically raising punitive taxation on the Jews, causing them to sell their debt bonds cheaply to raise cash to pay their taxes. The bonds were sold to the richest courtiers at cut down prices, leading many indebted middling landowners to lose their lands. This fed into
745:
Relations between King Henry and
Montfort were cordial at first. Henry lent him his support when Montfort embarked for Rome in March 1238 to seek papal approval for his marriage. When Simon and Eleanor's first son was born in November 1238 (despite rumours, more than nine months after the wedding),
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In 1229 the two surviving brothers (Amaury and Simon) came to an arrangement with King Henry whereby Simon gave up his rights in France and Amaury gave up his rights in
England. Thus freed from any allegiance to the king of France, Montfort successfully petitioned for the English inheritance, which
1041:
Henry quickly gave in and allowed
Montfort to take control of the council. His son Edward, however, began using patronage and bribes to win over many of the barons. Their disruption of parliament in October led to a renewal of hostilities, which saw the royalists able to trap Simon in London. With
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he was baptised Henry in honour of his royal uncle. In
February 1239, Montfort was finally invested with the Earldom of Leicester. He also acted as the king's counsellor and was one of the nine godfathers of Henry's eldest son, Prince Edward, who would inherit the throne and become
625:
As a younger son, Simon de
Montfort attracted little public attention during his youth, and the date of his birth remains unknown. He is first mentioned when his mother made a grant to him in 1217. As a boy, Montfort accompanied his parents during his father's campaigns against the
1182:
Montfort's body was mutilated in a frenzy by the royalists. News reached the mayor and sheriffs of London that "the head of the earl of Leicester ... was severed from his body, and his testicles cut off and hung on either side of his nose"; and in such guise the head was sent to
1077:
Montfort used his victory to set up a government based on the provisions first established at Oxford in 1258. Henry retained the title and authority of King, but all decisions and approval now rested with his council, led by Montfort and subject to consultation with
1033:
Each attack was aimed at the seizure of the records of debts, stored in locked chests within each community, called 'archae'. Archae were legally mandated by the king for Jews to be allowed to conduct any business. They were destroyed or gathered for instance at
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and sister of King Henry III. While this marriage took place with the king's approval, the act itself was performed secretly and without consulting the great barons, as a marriage of such importance warranted. Eleanor had previously been married to
1046:
to arbitrate their dispute. Simon was prevented from presenting his case to Louis directly on account of a broken leg, but few suspected that the king of France, known for his innate sense of justice, would completely annul the Provisions in his
834:, and named King Henry as security for his repayment. The king evidently had not approved this, and was enraged when he discovered that Montfort had used his name. On 9 August 1239, Henry is reported to have confronted Montfort, called him an
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community from Leicester city in 1231, banishing them "in my time or in the time of any of my heirs to the end of the world". He justified his action as being "for the good of my soul, and for the souls of my ancestors and successors".
967:
Simon de Montfort returned to England in 1263, at the invitation of the barons who were now convinced of the king's hostility to all reform, and raised a rebellion with the avowed object of restoring the form of government which the
1100:
The right to vote in Parliamentary elections for county constituencies was uniform throughout the country, related to land ownership. In the Boroughs, the electoral franchise varied and individual boroughs had varying arrangements.
1051:
in January 1264. Civil war broke out almost immediately, with the royalists again able to confine the reformist army in London. In early May 1264, Simon marched out to give battle to the king and scored a spectacular triumph at the
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who were to constitute the supreme board of control over the administration. The king's success in dividing the barons and in fostering a reaction, however, rendered such projects hopeless. In 1261, Henry revoked his assent to the
976:
rising anti-Semitic beliefs, fuelled by the church. Measures against the Jews and controls over debts and usury dominated debates about royal power and finances among the classes that were beginning to be involved in Parliament.
792:, de Montfort's confessor – may have encouraged the expulsion, although he believed that the Jews' lives should be spared. Expelling the Jews enhanced Montfort's popularity in his new domains because it removed the practice of
1243:
Following Montfort's death, he became the focus of an unofficial popular miracle cult, centred on his grave in Evesham Abbey. It was practised in secret for at least two years because of an official ban, but lasted until
1217:, Robert Grosseteste, once said to Montfort's eldest son, Henry, "My beloved child, both you and your father will meet your deaths on one day, and by one kind of death, but it will be in the name of justice and truth."
1147:, Montfort initially thought it was his son's forces. It was, however, Edward's army flying the Montfort banners they had captured at Kenilworth. At that point, Simon realised he had been out-manoeuvred by Edward.
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was not able to retain them. When Amaury was rebuffed in his attempt to get the earldom back, he agreed to allow his younger brother Simon to claim it in return for all family possessions in France.
1167:
it is time to die." Before the battle, Prince Edward had appointed a twelve-man death squad to stalk the battlefield, their sole aim being to find the earl and cut him down. Montfort was hemmed in;
1461:. The latter was historically unknown, and Simon III was believed to be the father (not the grandfather) of the 5th Earl, who is therefore known as Simon IV in some sources. and Simon V in others.
1191:. His hands and feet were also cut off and sent to diverse places to enemies of his as a great mark of dishonour to the deceased. Such remains as could be found were buried before the altar of
2120:
Napoleon's Notes on English History made on the Eve of the French Revolution, illustrated from Contemporary Historians and referenced from the findings of Later Research by Henry Foljambe Hall
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led the attack, and is said to have killed leading Jewish figures Isaac fil Aaron and Cok fil Abraham with his bare hands. He allegedly shared the loot with Montfort. Five hundred Jews died.
541:
377:
1171:
killed Montfort by stabbing him in the neck with a lance. Montfort's last words were said to have been "Thank God". Also slain with Montfort were other leaders of his movement, including
842:. "You seduced my sister", King Henry said, "and when I discovered this, I gave her to you, against my will, to avoid scandal." Simon and Eleanor fled to France to escape Henry's wrath.
727:, condemned the marriage for this reason. The English nobles protested the marriage of the king's sister to a foreigner of modest rank. Most notably, the king's and Eleanor's brother
2926:
1248:
1280, with pilgrims continuing to visit his grave for some years thereafter. The so-called Evesham "miracle book" documents some 200 alleged miracles associated with his name.
1909:, p. 254, says "Simon de Montfort ... used the cancellation of Jewish debts to his own advantage and had managed to convince followers that it was worth rebelling for."
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1301:
464:, a French nobleman, and leader of a Crusade against the Cathars in south-west France. His paternal grandmother was Amicia de Beaumont, the senior co-heiress to the
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1086:) was a packed assembly to be sure, but it can hardly be supposed that the representation which he granted to the towns was intended to be a temporary expedient.
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Montfort's father (Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester) is also sometimes known as Simon V. The discrepancy in numbering arises from confusion between
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refused to allow the elder Simon to succeed to the earldom of Leicester and instead placed the estates and title into the hands of Montfort senior's cousin
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His parents had shown a similar hostility to Jews in France, where his father was known for his bigoted Christianity, and his mother had given the Jews of
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1350:, and by many of its local organisations. Combined with his personal coat of arms, the banner forms part of the club crest for the town's football club
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Shortly after Prince Edward's birth, there was a falling out between the brothers-in-law, Henry III and Montfort. Montfort owed a great sum of money to
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1428:, honouring an agreement that had been made between Earl Simon and Llywelyn. Eleanor, Lady of Wales, died on 19 June 1282 at the royal Welsh home at
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322:; as he became ruler of England he also cancelled debts owed to Jews through violent seizures of records. Montfort's party massacred the Jews of
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Zerner, Monique (1992). "Lépouse de Simon de Montfort et la croisade albigeoise". In Dufournet, Jean; Joris, André; Toubert, Pierre (eds.).
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Barbara Harvey ed, The Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries: Short Oxford History of the British Isles (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
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in 1220. As a young man, Montfort probably took part in the Albigensian Crusades of the early 1220s. He and Amaury both took part in the
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731:, rose up in revolt when he learned of the marriage. King Henry eventually bought off Richard with 6,000 marks and peace was restored.
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described Simon de Montfort as "one of the greatest Englishmen". Today, Montfort is principally remembered as one of the fathers of
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1436:. After Llywelyn's death on 11 December 1282, Gwenllian was captured by King Edward I and spent the rest of her life in a convent.
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The debt "cancellations" however involved massacres of Jews by his followers, to obtain their financial records, for instance in
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Simon arrived in England in 1229, with some education but no knowledge of English, and received a sympathetic hearing from King
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Treharne, RF, E.B. Fryde ed, Simon de Montfort and Baronial Reform: Thirteenth-Century Essays (London: Hambledon Press, 1986).
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904:. The earl preferred to make his peace with Henry III, which he did in 1253, in obedience to the exhortations of the dying
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Almost 800 years after his death, Leicester City Council formally rebuked Simon de Montfort for his blatant anti-Semitism
2241:, The Song of Simon de Montfort: The Life and Death of a Medieval Revolutionary (London: Oxford University Press, 2019).
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in July 1242. The campaign was a failure, and an exasperated Montfort declared that Henry should be locked up like King
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1135:, Simon's forces were severely depleted. Prince Edward attacked his cousin, his godfather's son Simon's forces at
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Montfort announced after the Battle of Lewes that all debts owed to the Jews were cancelled, as he had promised.
861:, negotiated the release of Christian prisoners including Simon's older brother, Amaury. In autumn 1241, he left
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Frame, Robin, The Political Development of the British Isles, 1100–1400 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990).
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and a close associate of Henry III of England did not sit well with the French crown. The French Queen Dowager
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1083:
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Leicester's Jews were allowed to move to the eastern suburbs, which were controlled by Montfort's great-aunt
3087:
315:
2480:; especially "Leicester", pp. 196–199 and "Montfort, Simon de (1208–65) and the English Jewry", pp. 273–275
1497:
912:, the Queen's uncle, the difficult task of extricating the king from the pledges which he had given to the
1316:
1286:
920:; and Henry's writs of this date mention Montfort in friendly terms. However, at the "Mad Parliament" of
896:. However, at the repeated requests of King Henry, he gave up this project in order to act as the king's
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2292:
1454:
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480:
1280:. In addition to his expulsion of Jews from Leicester, his faction in the Second Baron's War initiated
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with his army, intending to rendezvous with his son Simon the Younger. When he saw an army approaching
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included ordinary citizens from the towns. For this reason, Montfort is regarded today as one of the
286:
122:
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Various local honours were dedicated to his memory, and he has become eponymous several times over.
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Kings, Barons and Justices, The Making and Enforcement of Legislation in Thirteenth Century England
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Prestwich, Michael., English Politics in the Thirteenth Century (Houndsmills: Macmillan, 1990).
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857:, but does not seem to have faced combat there. He was part of the crusading host which, under
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Powicke, Maurice, The Thirteenth Century, 1217–1307 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991).
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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ruler of the country, and played a major role in the constitutional development of England.
342:. After a rule of just over a year, Montfort was killed by forces loyal to the king in the
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made a formal statement in 2001 that "rebuked De Montfort for his blatant anti-Semitism".
1207:, later killed one of the soldiers responsible for his death, purposely or inadvertently.
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956:
839:
835:
507:
2546:
Jones, Dan, The Plantagenets: The Kings Who Made England (London: William Collins, 2013).
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Wasserstein, D. J. (1995). "Grosseteste, the Jews and medieval Christian Hebraism". In
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History of the Jews in England (1066–1290) § Increasing persecution, 13th century
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in 1218, where his father died after being struck on the head by a stone pitched by a
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A 13th-century depiction on parchment of the mutilation of Montfort's body after the
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2843:"The history of Sutton Valence and its buildings, History's hand on Sutton Valence"
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The reaction against Montfort's government was baronial rather than popular. The
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had ordained. Cancellation of debts (owed to Jews) was part of his call to arms.
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The First English Revolution: Simon de Montfort, Henry III and the Barons' War
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Femmes: mariages-lignages, XIIe–XIVe siècles: mélanges offerts à Georges Duby
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1896:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 781–782.
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upon his death, when she was sixteen, which she broke by marrying Montfort.
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2417:
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England's Jews: Finance, Violence, and the Crown in the Thirteenth Century
2409:
2247:"Simon de Montfort: The turning point for democracy that gets overlooked"
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The Church Historians of England: Prereformation series, Volume 5, Part 1
1357:
1343:
1327:
in Leicester. A relief of Montfort adorns the wall of the Chamber of the
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713:
692:, who married Montfort in 1238, depicted in the early-fourteenth-century
635:
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158:
2767:(1992). "Englishness and Medieval Anglo-Jewry". In Kushner, Tony (ed.).
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Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society
1139:, capturing more of Montfort's allies. Montfort himself had crossed the
1334:
Montfort's banner, known as the "Arms of Honour of Hinckley", blazoned
1292:
Evesham Abbey and the site of Montfort's grave were destroyed with the
1281:
1265:
Memorial stone, erected in 1965, on the site of de Montfort's grave at
1144:
1094:
846:
627:
548: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
384: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
796:(practised exclusively by Jews since it was forbidden to Christians).
1411:
Joanna de Montfort (born and died in Bordeaux between 1248 and 1251).
1229:
1140:
1090:
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917:
870:
323:
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Robert Grosseteste: the growth of an English mind in medieval Europe
1323:, a concert venue. A statue of Montfort is one of four to adorn the
1056:
on 14 May 1264, capturing the king, together with Prince Edward and
2898:
Robert Grosseteste: new perspectives on his thought and scholarship
1724:, p. 4, describes his mother's Crusader militancy in Toulouse.
55:
Simon de Montfort, in a drawing of a stained glass window found at
2674:
2301:. Vol. 7 (2nd ed.). London: St Catherine Press. p.
1383:
had seven children, many of whom were notable in their own right:
1367:
1285:
because "they fear grave peril" and were in a "deplorable state."
1260:
1224:
1149:
1015:
1014:. De Montfort's followers massacred most of the Jews who lived in
987:. The Worcester attack and killings were led by de Montfort's son
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In 1248, Montfort again took the cross with the idea of following
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Saint Simon de Montfort: the miracles, laments, prayers and hymns
1120:
When he and his brother Thomas fell out with Simon's sons Henry,
2704:
2401:
2310:
Cox, David (2018). "The tomb of Simon de Montfort: an enquiry".
913:
769:
739:
2522:
The Plantagenets: The Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England
293:. Following his initial victories over royal forces, he became
273:
to distinguish him from his namesake relatives, was an English
3030:
1187:
by Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer, as a gift to his wife,
517:
353:
1432:, on the north coast of Gwynedd, giving birth to a daughter,
1196:
had fled the battlefield were found in the nearby village of
302:
During his rule, Montfort called two famous parliaments: the
487:. The elder Simon had also acquired vast domains during the
3015:
Simon de Montfort's Parliament on the UK Parliament website
1414:
Richard de Montfort (d.1266). Date of death is not certain.
2746:"Montfort, Simon of, Earl of Leicester (1208?–1265)"
2267:
The Barons War: Including the Battles of Lewes and Evesham
849:
two years before, Simon raised funds and travelled to the
2631:, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press,
1634:
1632:
1131:
Though boosted by Welsh infantry sent by Montfort's ally
2466:
The Palgrave Dictionary of Medieval Anglo-Jewish History
30:"Simon de Montfort" redirects here. For other uses, see
2396:, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America,
1356:
A school and a bridge on the north-east stretch of the
1296:
in the 16th century. In 1965, a memorial of stone from
1128:, they deserted the reforming cause and joined Edward.
1089:
Montfort sent his summons, in the king's name, to each
665:
to marry him. The idea of an alliance between the rich
506:, who became well disposed towards foreigners speaking
2574:
Simon V of Montfort and Baronial Government, 1195–1218
2312:
Transactions of the Worcesterhire Archaeolical Society
1955:
1953:
1042:
few other options available, Montfort agreed to allow
2426:"Jews, jurats and the Jewry Wall: a name in context"
2211:
2039:
translated by Stevenson, Rev. Joseph, ed. (1858) in
928:, at the head of the opposition. He was part of the
2992:. Brussels: De Boeck Université. pp. 449–470.
2918:"The January Parliament and how it defined Britain"
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2064:
1060:, Henry's brother and the titular King of Germany.
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2960:. London: British History Online. pp. 376–390
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2866:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1319:in Leicester is named after him, as is the nearby
2954:"The city of Worcester: Introduction and borough"
2826:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2122:(New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1905), 12, 56.
306:stripped Henry of his unlimited authority, while
269:– 4 August 1265), later sometimes referred to as
1018:in February 1262. There was further violence in
1010:, were murdered or driven out by a force led by
2845:. Sutton Valence Parish Council. Archived from
2558:. Jewish Historical Society of England: 34–42.
2376:"Is Forgiveness Possible? A Jewish Perspective"
1930:
2958:A History of the County of Worcester: Volume 4
2952:Willis-Bund, J W; Page, William, eds. (1924).
2759:. Vol. 38. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
2222:
2189:
2165:
1940:
1938:
1595:
1593:
1002:His son Simon led a further attack on Jews in
865:and joined King Henry's campaign against King
3038:. Vol. 3. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co.
1342:, is used in the coat of arms of the town of
318:. As Earl of Leicester he expelled Jews from
8:
2550:Levy, S (1902). "Notes on Leicester Jewry".
1565:
1563:
1300:was laid on the site of the former altar by
937:and Montfort, in despair, left the country.
780:a choice of conversion, expulsion or death.
27:13th-century Anglo-French nobleman and rebel
2200:
1784:
1662:
1580:
1578:
661:In that same year, Simon tried to persuade
2287:. Penguin Monarchs. London: Penguin Books.
1374:Gules a lion rampant queue fourche argent.
557:"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester"
393:"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester"
49:
38:
2975:"Into battle to defend Simon de Montfort"
2449:"Hinckley Independent Club Crest History"
2447:Hinckley Independent (22 February 2014).
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2049:
2008:
2006:
2004:
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1859:
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1832:
1808:
1756:
1754:
1721:
1650:
1638:
803:, who had taken advice from Grosseteste.
694:Genealogical Roll of the Kings of England
608:Learn how and when to remove this message
474:Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester
444:Learn how and when to remove this message
2464:Hillaby, Joe; Hillaby, Caroline (2013).
2278:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2153:
1971:
1772:
1745:
1539:
1336:Party per pale indented argent and gules
845:Having announced his intention to go on
462:Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester
260:Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester
234:Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester
2948:(London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1962)
2900:. Turnhout: Brepols. pp. 357–376.
2177:
2023:
1995:
1983:
1959:
1944:
1918:
1906:
1685:
1611:
1584:
1555:
1516:
1488:
1446:
712:, and she had sworn a vow of perpetual
479:With the irrevocable loss of Normandy,
2769:The Jewish Heritage in British History
2055:
2012:
1844:
1820:
1796:
1733:
1709:
1697:
1673:
1599:
1569:
1528:
1498:"Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester"
1329:United States House of Representatives
1238:United States House of Representatives
995:. In London, one of his key followers
838:and threatened to imprison him in the
2082:
2070:
1623:
1551:
1549:
1547:
710:William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
277:of French origin and a member of the
7:
2929:from the original on 12 January 2022
2603:Expulsion: England's Jewish Solution
2327:. Martlesham: Boydell & Brewer.
2142:
1760:
1338:, and displayed in stained glass in
898:Lieutenant of the Duchy of Aquitaine
807:Crusade and turning against the king
546:adding citations to reliable sources
382:adding citations to reliable sources
3103:Military personnel killed in action
2468:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
2131:
2106:
2094:
642:, Simon had another older brother,
3078:Earls of Leicester (1107 creation)
2973:Worcester News (25 January 2001).
1276:Montfort bears responsibility for
734:The marriage brought the manor of
699:In January 1238, Montfort married
32:Simon de Montfort (disambiguation)
25:
3073:Christians of the Barons' Crusade
2705:"The de Montfort School, Evesham"
646:, who was killed at the siege of
3083:English people of French descent
3033:The New Student's Reference Work
2756:Dictionary of National Biography
2390:Graetz, Heinrich Hirsch (1891),
1866:
1360:in Evesham are named after him.
1082:. His Great Parliament of 1265 (
801:Margaret, Countess of Winchester
754:Expulsion of Jews from Leicester
630:. He was with his mother at the
522:
358:
184:
2915:Watt, Holly (20 January 2015).
2592:Maddicott, John Robert (1994).
2269:(2nd ed.). Baxter and Son.
1302:Speaker of the House of Commons
916:with reference to the Crown of
533:needs additional citations for
369:needs additional citations for
285:opposition to the rule of King
2771:. Frank Cass. pp. 42–59.
2726:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
2605:, Tempus Publishing, Limited,
1587:, pp. 9, 41, 60, 259, 265
1406:Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola
1325:Haymarket Memorial Clock Tower
1308:and Archbishop of Canterbury,
1294:Dissolution of the Monasteries
1073:Simon de Montfort's Parliament
817:Haymarket Memorial Clock Tower
768:, Montfort expelled the small
456:Montfort was a younger son of
334:, killing scores of Jews from
210:Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola
1:
3063:13th-century English nobility
2596:. Cambridge University Press.
1496:Treharne, R. (20 July 1998).
1459:Simon de Montfort (died 1188)
1394:Simon de Montfort the Younger
1245:
1067:Rule and parliamentary reform
729:Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall
263:
200:Simon de Montfort the Younger
133:4 August 1265 (aged about 57)
60:
2342:Delany, Sheila, ed. (2002),
1880:Davis, Henry William Carless
1602:, pp. 217–218 on London
1232:of Simon de Montfort in the
742:into Montfort's possession.
703:, daughter of King John and
491:, but was killed during the
2577:. Oxford University Press.
2571:Lippiatt, G. E. M. (2017).
2524:. New York: Penguin Books.
1931:Willis-Bund & Page 1924
1372:Arms of Simon de Montfort:
924:Montfort appeared with the
495:in 1218 and his eldest son
485:Ranulf, the Earl of Chester
90:Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl
3139:
3113:People of the Barons' Wars
3026:"Montfort, Simon de"
2653:Mundill, Robin R. (2010),
2627:Mundill, Robin R. (2002),
2601:Huscroft, Richard (2006),
2166:Hillaby & Hillaby 2013
1108:
1070:
944:
815:Statue of Montfort on the
757:
663:Joan, Countess of Flanders
221:Eleanor, Princess of Wales
29:
2629:England's Jewish Solution
2494:. JewishEncyclopedia.com.
2212:Hinckley Independent 2014
1420:(1252–1282). She married
1346:, part of his earldom in
1256:representative government
1105:Fall from power and death
48:
3068:Burials at Evesham Abbey
2323:Cox, David, ed. (2024).
2283:Church, Stephen (2019).
1457:(died 1181) and his son
1093:and to a select list of
721:Archbishop of Canterbury
673:convinced Joan to marry
2499:Jobson, Adrian (2012).
2484:Jacobs, Joseph (1906).
2424:Harris, Oliver (2008).
2245:BBC (19 January 2015).
1893:Encyclopædia Britannica
1503:Encyclopædia Britannica
786:Archdeacon of Leicester
316:parliamentary democracy
2942:Labarge, Margaret Wade
2794:Sharma, Simon (2000).
2451:. Hinckley Independent
2239:Ambler, Sophie Therese
2035:Robert of Gloucester,
1379:Simon de Montfort and
1376:
1317:De Montfort University
1287:Leicester City Council
1273:
1240:
1163:
964:
963:, photographed in 2005
823:
696:
3123:Posthumous executions
3118:Seneschals of Gascony
3108:People from Leicester
2659:, London: Continuum,
2263:Blaauw, William Henry
1455:Simon III de Montfort
1371:
1264:
1228:
1153:
1084:Montfort's Parliament
954:
814:
758:Further information:
705:Isabella of Angoulême
688:
472:owned by her brother
289:, culminating in the
253:Soldier and statesman
2862:Tolan, John (2023).
2797:A History of Britain
2722:"Battle of Toulouse"
2707:. de Montfort School
2703:de Montfort School.
2393:History of the Jews.
2344:Chaucer and the Jews
2298:The Complete Peerage
2274:Brand, Paul (2003).
2118:Napoleon Bonaparte,
2109:, p. please add
1422:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
1390:(November 1238–1265)
1133:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
941:War against the king
935:Provisions of Oxford
542:improve this article
466:Earldom of Leicester
378:improve this article
287:Henry III of England
81:1239 – 4 August 1265
2720:Phillips, Charles.
2520:Jones, Dan (2014).
2491:Jewish Encyclopedia
2372:Friedlander, Albert
2190:Worcester News 2001
1418:Eleanor de Montfort
1306:Harry Hylton-Foster
1278:persecution of Jews
1205:Margaret of England
1117:Welsh marcher lords
1058:Richard of Cornwall
993:Robert Earl Ferrers
859:Richard of Cornwall
489:Albigensian Crusade
458:Alix de Montmorency
271:Simon V de Montfort
244:Alix de Montmorency
217:Richard de Montfort
99:None, title forfeit
3098:Lord High Stewards
3021:Beach, Chandler B.
2223:de Montfort School
2085:, pp. 280–281
2043:; Seeleys; p. 375.
1884:Montfort, Simon de
1787:, pp. unknown
1434:Gwenllian of Wales
1400:Amaury de Montfort
1381:Eleanor of England
1377:
1340:Chartres Cathedral
1274:
1252:Napoleon Bonaparte
1241:
1203:Montfort's niece,
1164:
1044:Louis IX of France
965:
947:Second Barons' War
930:Council of Fifteen
926:Earl of Gloucester
906:Robert Grosseteste
902:Blanche of Castile
890:Louis IX of France
875:Charles the Simple
828:Thomas II of Savoy
824:
788:and, according to
782:Robert Grosseteste
701:Eleanor of England
697:
690:Eleanor of England
675:Thomas II of Savoy
671:Blanche of Castile
667:County of Flanders
291:Second Barons' War
214:Joanna de Montfort
205:Amaury de Montfort
174:Eleanor of England
57:Chartres Cathedral
3093:House of Montfort
2946:Simon de Montfort
2833:978-0-19-820310-0
2666:978-1-84725-186-2
2638:978-0-521-52026-3
2612:978-0-7524-3729-3
2594:Simon de Montfort
2584:978-0-19-880513-7
2531:978-0-14-312492-4
2512:978-1-84725-226-5
2475:978-0-230-27816-5
2353:978-0-415-93882-2
1799:, pp. 130–31
1775:, pp. 244–49
1700:, pp. 113–33
1626:, p. unknown
1476:The Song of Lewes
1396:(April 1240–1271)
1388:Henry de Montfort
1298:Montfort-l'Amaury
1215:Bishop of Lincoln
1213:reports that the
1173:Peter de Montfort
1156:Battle of Evesham
1122:Simon the Younger
1111:Battle of Evesham
638:. In addition to
632:Siege of Toulouse
618:
617:
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592:
493:Siege of Toulouse
454:
453:
446:
428:
344:Battle of Evesham
304:Oxford Parliament
257:
256:
195:Henry de Montfort
164:House of Montfort
123:Montfort-l'Amaury
72:Earl of Leicester
43:Simon de Montfort
18:Simon de Montfort
16:(Redirected from
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750:("Longshanks").
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2765:Richmond, Colin
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1075:
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1054:Battle of Lewes
1038:by the rebels.
957:Battle of Lewes
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855:Barons' Crusade
840:Tower of London
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2497:
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2377:
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2369:
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2363:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:, Routledge,
2345:
2340:
2336:
2334:9781837650842
2330:
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2208:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2168:, p. 275
2167:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2154:Richmond 1992
2150:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2073:, p. 280
2072:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2058:, p. 184
2057:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1974:, p. 105
1973:
1972:Huscroft 2006
1968:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1875:public domain
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1823:, p. 131
1822:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1773:Southern 1992
1769:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:Richmond 1992
1742:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1715:
1712:, p. 514
1711:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1653:, p. 19.
1652:
1647:
1644:
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1557:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1540:Lippiatt 2017
1536:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1519:, p. 716
1518:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1499:
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1489:
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1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1416:
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1410:
1407:
1404:
1402:(1242/3–1300)
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
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1385:
1384:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1363:
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1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1268:
1267:Evesham Abbey
1263:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1211:Matthew Paris
1208:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1193:Evesham Abbey
1190:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
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1129:
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1123:
1118:
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1098:
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1066:
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1059:
1055:
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1037:
1031:
1029:
1026:, Wilton and
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
997:John FitzJohn
994:
990:
986:
982:
977:
973:
971:
962:
958:
953:
948:
940:
938:
936:
931:
927:
923:
922:Oxford (1258)
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
843:
841:
837:
836:excommunicant
833:
832:Queen Eleanor
829:
822:
818:
813:
806:
804:
802:
797:
795:
791:
790:Matthew Paris
787:
783:
779:
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771:
767:
761:
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751:
749:
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702:
695:
691:
687:
680:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
655:
653:
649:
648:Castelnaudary
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
620:
612:
609:
601:
598:December 2022
590:
587:
583:
580:
576:
573:
569:
566:
562:
559: –
558:
554:
553:Find sources:
547:
543:
537:
536:
531:This section
529:
525:
520:
519:
513:
511:
509:
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500:
498:
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437:
434:December 2022
426:
423:
419:
416:
412:
409:
405:
402:
398:
395: –
394:
390:
389:Find sources:
383:
379:
373:
372:
367:This section
365:
361:
356:
355:
349:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
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309:
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151:Evesham Abbey
148:
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132:
128:
124:
116:
113:
109:
102:
98:
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91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
58:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3032:
2989:
2978:
2962:. Retrieved
2957:
2945:
2931:. Retrieved
2922:
2897:
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2847:the original
2823:
2796:
2768:
2754:
2729:. Retrieved
2725:
2709:. Retrieved
2655:
2628:
2602:
2593:
2573:
2555:
2552:Transactions
2551:
2521:
2501:
2489:
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2436:
2432:
2392:
2383:
2379:
2343:
2324:
2315:
2311:
2297:
2284:
2275:
2266:
2251:. Retrieved
2232:Bibliography
2218:
2207:
2196:
2185:
2180:, p. 90
2178:Mundill 2002
2173:
2161:
2149:
2138:
2127:
2119:
2114:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2024:Mundill 2010
2019:
1996:Mundill 2010
1991:
1986:, p. 42
1984:Mundill 2002
1979:
1967:
1962:, p. 43
1960:Mundill 2002
1945:Mundill 2010
1926:
1921:, p. 42
1919:Mundill 2002
1914:
1907:Mundill 2002
1902:
1891:
1847:, p. 68
1840:
1835:, p. 31
1828:
1816:
1811:, p. 16
1804:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1748:, p. 48
1741:
1729:
1717:
1705:
1693:
1688:, p. 60
1686:Mundill 2002
1681:
1676:, p. 48
1669:
1658:
1646:
1641:, p. 4.
1619:
1612:Mundill 2010
1607:
1585:Mundill 2002
1556:Norgate 1894
1535:
1524:
1517:Cokayne 1929
1512:
1501:
1491:
1474:
1449:
1378:
1373:
1355:
1335:
1333:
1314:
1291:
1275:
1250:
1242:
1209:
1202:
1198:Cleeve Prior
1181:
1165:
1130:
1114:
1099:
1088:
1076:
1062:
1040:
1032:
1001:
978:
974:
966:
955:Site of the
887:
844:
825:
798:
775:
763:
744:
733:
718:
698:
693:
660:
656:
624:
604:
595:
585:
578:
571:
564:
552:
540:Please help
535:verification
532:
501:
478:
468:and a large
455:
440:
431:
421:
414:
407:
400:
388:
376:Please help
371:verification
368:
301:
294:
270:
259:
258:
183:
159:Noble family
36:
3058:1265 deaths
3053:1208 births
2751:Lee, Sidney
2741:Norgate, K.
2455:22 February
2380:BBC History
2056:Sharma 2000
2013:Jacobs 1906
1845:Blaauw 1871
1821:Harris 2008
1797:Harris 2008
1734:Zerner 1992
1710:Graetz 1891
1698:Harris 2008
1674:Delany 2002
1600:Delany 2002
1570:Jobson 2012
1408:(1244–1288)
1364:Descendants
1028:Northampton
961:East Sussex
853:during the
830:, uncle of
764:As Earl of
725:Edmund Rich
312:progenitors
267: 1208
118: 1208
86:Predecessor
64: 1250
3047:Categories
2933:28 January
2853:3 December
2800:. p.
2778:0714634646
2675:2010282921
2253:19 January
2083:Jones 2014
2071:Jones 2014
1624:Jones 2014
1529:Britannica
1483:References
1137:Kenilworth
1080:parliament
1008:Canterbury
1006:. Jews in
1004:Winchester
970:Provisions
959:(1264) in
621:Early life
568:newspapers
404:newspapers
336:Winchester
314:of modern
308:the second
250:Occupation
2882:39646815M
2691:24816680M
2683:466343661
2647:26454030M
2540:852238325
2486:"England"
2439:: 129–31.
2318:: 159–71.
2285:Henry III
2143:Watt 2015
2037:Chronicle
1882:(1911). "
1761:Levy 1902
1024:Cambridge
981:Worcester
885:in-laws.
851:Holy Land
821:Leicester
766:Leicester
677:instead.
504:Henry III
481:King John
328:Worcester
320:that city
170:Spouse(s)
96:Successor
2927:Archived
2822:(1992).
2787:1710943M
2743:(1894).
2621:7982808M
2564:29777626
2418:6944479M
2402:04022901
2374:(2011).
2362:7496826M
2295:(1929).
2265:(1871).
2132:BBC 2015
2107:Cox 2024
2095:Cox 2018
1469:See also
1344:Hinckley
1095:boroughs
883:Savoyard
879:Poitevin
867:Louis IX
778:Toulouse
748:Edward I
714:chastity
636:mangonel
296:de facto
283:baronial
275:nobleman
2896:(ed.).
2753:(ed.).
1890:(ed.).
1877::
1282:pogroms
1236:of the
1234:Chamber
1162:in 1265
1145:Evesham
1020:Lincoln
847:crusade
784:– then
628:Cathars
582:scholar
418:scholar
340:Lincoln
136:Evesham
3035:
2996:
2964:20 May
2904:
2880:
2870:
2830:
2808:
2785:
2775:
2731:5 June
2711:14 May
2689:
2681:
2673:
2663:
2645:
2635:
2619:
2609:
2581:
2562:
2538:
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2416:
2410:890591
2408:
2400:
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2331:
1886:". In
1871:
1230:Relief
1221:Legacy
1141:Severn
1124:, and
1091:county
991:, and
985:London
918:Sicily
871:Poitou
770:Jewish
640:Amaury
584:
577:
570:
563:
555:
508:French
497:Amaury
470:estate
420:
413:
406:
399:
391:
350:Family
324:London
240:Mother
230:Father
185:Detail
146:Buried
78:Tenure
2749:. In
2560:JSTOR
2429:(PDF)
2249:. BBC
1441:Notes
1016:Derby
989:Henry
894:Egypt
863:Syria
794:usury
589:JSTOR
575:books
425:JSTOR
411:books
332:Derby
180:Issue
105:
2994:ISBN
2966:2018
2935:2015
2902:ISBN
2868:ISBN
2855:2010
2828:ISBN
2806:ISBN
2773:ISBN
2733:2019
2713:2007
2679:OCLC
2671:LCCN
2661:ISBN
2633:ISBN
2607:ISBN
2579:ISBN
2536:OCLC
2526:ISBN
2507:ISBN
2470:ISBN
2457:2014
2406:OCLC
2398:LCCN
2348:ISBN
2329:ISBN
2255:2015
1304:Sir
1189:Maud
1175:and
983:and
914:Pope
740:Kent
719:The
561:news
514:Life
460:and
397:news
330:and
130:Died
111:Born
2802:184
2303:716
1358:A46
1269:in
1158:in
1126:Guy
1036:Ely
892:to
869:in
819:in
738:in
644:Guy
544:by
380:by
338:to
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2003:^
1952:^
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1500:.
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