1381:
3355:
947:
1055:
643:
3344:
3350:
514:
143:
3361:
122:
776:
603:
543:
1035:
1186:
3384:
435:
1289:
799:. They declined to name the specimen because, although it is completely articulated, almost all of the bones shattered when the fossil slabs were split, so that only the silhouettes of these bones are clear in most of the part and counterpart. This obscured diagnostic skeletal features, which made the specimen's genus uncertain. They noted that it was similar in some respects to
1267:
1480:
920:
976:
570:, though they admitted that they were not in a completely natural position. Gong's reassessment also claimed that certain undescribed specimens had fully articulated teeth showing a similar length. However, these grooved teeth are not direct evidence of venom, as non-venomous species of animals (such as
846:
was based on anatomical misinterpretations. As the two specimens were "identical in all character states" used in his phylogenetic analysis, were from similar stratigraphic levels and "uniquely share the presence of a triangular coracoid with a large, oval foramen", Senter concluded that NGMC 91 does
565:
In the same journal issue, Gong and his team submitted a reassessment of the 2009 study, casting doubt on their findings. They admitted that grooved teeth were common among theropods (though they suggested they were really only prevalent among feathered maniraptorans), and hypothesized that venom may
561:
was venomous. They noted that grooved teeth are not unique to this genus, and in fact grooved teeth are found in many other theropods, including other dromaeosaurids. They also demonstrated that the teeth were not abnormally long as Gong and his team claimed, but rather had come out of their sockets,
533:
dinosaur. Gong and colleagues noted that the unusually long and fang-like mid-jaw (maxillary) teeth had prominent grooves running down the outer surface, towards the rear of the tooth, a feature seen only in venomous animals. They also interpreted a cavity in the jaw bone just above these teeth as
538:
may have specialized in hunting small prey such as birds, using its long fangs to penetrate feathers and envenomate and stun the prey, like a modern snake. They also suggested that the short, slightly forward-pointing teeth at the tip of the jaw could have been used to strip feathers from birds.
2113:
Chatterjee, S., and R. J. Templin. 2004. Feathered coelurosaurs from China: new light on the arboreal origin of avian flight. In: Feathered dragons (P. J. Currie, E. B. Koppelhus, M. A. Shugar, and J. L. Wright, eds.), pp. 251-281. Indiana
University Press, Bloomington,
487:
may have had feathers which varied in color significantly across different regions of the body, based on analysis of microscopic cell structures in preserved fossils. Based on the rod and spherical melanosomes found in some samples, scientists have interpreted that
562:
a preservational artifact common in crushed and flattened fossils. Finally, they could not independently verify the presence of supposed chambers for venom glands cited by Gong's team, finding only the normal sinuses of the skull.
803:, and they suggested that the differences between the two could have been due to age. Ji, along with another team of scientists, further emphasized this similarity in a 2002 paper, in which they formally referred the specimen to
566:
have been a primitive trait for all archosaurs if not all reptiles, which was retained in certain lineages. They also disputed the claim that the teeth were significantly out of their sockets in the holotype specimen of
453:
from the same geological deposits. The body (contour) feathers were generally between 3–4.5 cm long and included two types: the first type are formed of several filaments joined into "tufts", similar to modern
1440:
628:, while Longrich & Currie 2009 have expressed that it was probably too heavy to fly, though it is worth to note that this latter study was published before the formal description of
835:. Subsequent studies, also by Senter, have continued to show support for this finding despite the fact that some data used in the original study was later found to be flawed.
3535:
2202:
449:
have preserved impressions of feathers both covering the entirety of the body and forming the wings. These feathers were indistinguishable in form from those found on
476:) that flight feathers have, which allow the flight feathers to form a continuous vane. Some scientists have suggested that the feathers might have allowed
3505:
854:
The same conclusion was also reached independently from Senter by Turner, Makovicky and Norell (2012). According to these authors, NGMC 91 shares several
2537:
1710:"A new tiny dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning and niche differentiation among the Jehol dromaeosaurids"
3464:
401:, dated to 124.5 million years ago. Additional specimens have been found in the younger Dawangzhangzi bed, dating to around 122 million years ago.
1454:
The NGMC 91 specimen is in the collection of the
National Geological Museum of China. It was collected in Fanzhangzi quarry, near Lingyuan City,
2340:
Senter, Phil; Barsbold, R.; Britt, Brooks B.; Burnham, David B. (2004). "Systematics and evolution of
Dromaeosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda)".
426:
was among the smallest dromaeosaurids, with the holotype measuring 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) long and weighing 3–5 kilograms (6.6–11.0 lb).
3530:
2307:
Ji Q., Norell, M.A., Gao K.Q., Ji S.-A. and Ren, D. (2001). "The distribution of integumentary structures in a feathered dinosaur." "Nature",
2282:
769:
2292:
1820:
1684:
1630:
Xu, Xing; Wang, Xiao-Lin; Wu, Xiao-Chun (1999). "A dromaeosaurid dinosaur with a filamentous integument from the Yixian
Formation of China".
787:
An incredibly well-preserved microraptorian nicknamed "Dave" (specimen NGMC 91), was first described in a paper published in the journal
2211:
1836:
Zhang, Fucheng; Kearns, Stuart L.; Orr, Patrick J.; Benton, Michael J.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Johnson, Diane; Xu, Xing; Wang, Xiaolin (2010).
3377:
1967:
Gianechini, F.A.; AgnolĂn, F.L.; Ezcurra, M.D. (2010). "A reassessment of the purported venom delivery system of the bird-like raptor
1524:
736:
in features of the skull and hips. However, according to Turner, Makovicky and Norell (2012) the supposed distinguishing features of
2321:
Ji, Q.; Ji, S.-A.; Yuan, C.-X.; Ji, X.-X. (2002). "Restudy on a small dromaeosaurid dinosaur with feathers over its entire body".
2183:
Liu, J., Ji, S., Tang, F. & Gao, C. (2004). "A new species of dromaeosaurids from the Yixian
Formation of western Liaoning".
1458:. This location is part of the Dawangzhangzi fossil beds, which have been dated to about 122 million years ago, during the early
1385:
3354:
470:
feathers. However, unlike the wing feathers of flying birds, they did not have the secondary branches with tiny little hooks (
3525:
1395:
was discovered by Xu Xing, Wang
Xiaolin and Wu Xiaochun of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of
420:. Together these two facts demonstrate that the earliest dromaeosaurs were more like birds than the later dromaeosaurs were.
3343:
142:
2437:"New Dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the Evolution of the Dromaeosaurid Tail"
557:
However, in 2010, another team of scientists led by
Federico Gianechini published a paper casting doubts on the claim that
534:
the possible site for the soft-tissue venom gland. Gong and colleagues suggested that these unique features indicated that
2530:
1380:
614:
was capable of gliding has been presented several times, due to its close relation to flying or gliding dromaeosaurs like
3360:
3520:
2396:"Using creation science to demonstrate evolution 2: morphological continuity within Dinosauria (supporting information)"
3349:
2045:
701:
specimen NGMC 91 were found in younger strata dating to about 122 million years ago. The presence of vaned feathers on
1439:
was the first dromaeosaurid discovered with feathers. The holotype specimen is IVPP V12811, in the collection of the
647:
624:
as grouping within dinosaurs with aerodynamic potential for aerial locomotion, an opinion latter also expressed by
2508:
3515:
2634:
2523:
262:
1709:
2063:
Schmitz, L.; Motani, R. (2011). "Nocturnality in
Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology".
3404:
3510:
3477:
3387:
2196:
1202:
3442:
946:
1054:
3451:
2688:
2448:
2137:
2072:
1852:
1758:
1639:
1560:
831:. In a 2004 analysis, Phil Senter and colleagues found that it was, in fact, more closely related to
796:
274:
3105:
1498:
1493:
1411:; the same incredibly rich location where four dinosaurs with feathers were discovered previously,
1008:
642:
408:
and performed a phylogenetic analysis which demonstrated that it is basal, or primitive, among the
387:
358:
266:
270:
2842:
2661:
2376:
2260:
2096:
2027:
1988:
1876:
1782:
1724:
1655:
1576:
693:, which makes it among the earliest and most primitive dromaeosaurids yet discovered. Fossils of
137:
2435:
Senter, P.; Kirkland, J. I.; Deblieux, D. D.; Madsen, S.; Toth, N. (2012). Dodson, Peter (ed.).
811:
and colleagues considered the specimen to represent an example of their newly described species
3482:
513:
3302:
3193:
3129:
3025:
2818:
2476:
2417:
2288:
2165:
2088:
1925:
1868:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1774:
1690:
1680:
1455:
1413:
1404:
792:
682:
121:
393:
discovered by 1999. The original specimen was collected from the
Sihetun locality of western
3226:
3172:
3032:
2466:
2456:
2407:
2368:
2252:
2244:
2208:
2155:
2145:
2080:
2019:
1980:
1915:
1907:
1896:"Recent advances in amniote palaeocolour reconstruction and a framework for future research"
1860:
1766:
1647:
1610:
1568:
1485:
1408:
1030:
871:
867:
838:
However, in a 2011 publication Senter stated that a personal examination of the holotype of
398:
379:
371:
30:
2359:
Senter, P. (2007). "A new look at the phylogeny of
Coelurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda)".
775:
602:
3286:
3140:
3043:
2756:
2734:
2700:
2619:
2546:
2278:
2215:
1419:
1050:
1034:
995:
900:
817:
808:
765:
757:
690:
658:
226:
2126:"A microraptorine (Dinosauria–Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of North America"
1943:
2452:
2141:
2076:
1856:
1762:
1643:
1564:
1185:
2944:
2471:
2436:
2160:
2125:
1920:
1895:
583:
542:
412:. He has also demonstrated that features of the skull and shoulder are very similar to
1599:"Evolutionary radiation of the Jehol Biota: chronological and ecological perspectives"
1545:
3499:
3265:
3179:
3071:
3056:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2971:
2906:
2899:
2828:
2412:
2031:
1880:
1431:
1261:
1123:
1085:
630:
361:
350:
242:
72:
2380:
2287:. Princeton field guides (3rd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
2264:
2100:
1992:
1728:
458:. The second type, including those on the arms, were composed of rows of filaments (
3324:
3235:
3156:
3149:
3114:
3093:
3078:
3017:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2860:
2807:
2792:
2006:
Gong, E.; Martin, L.D.; Burnham, D.A.; Falk, A.R. (2010). "Evidence for a venomous
1894:
Roy, Arindam; Pittman, Michael; Saitta, Evan T.; Kaye, Thomas G.; Xu, Xing (2020).
1786:
1659:
1580:
1518:
1244:
1099:
942:
824:
721:
686:
625:
455:
282:
2493:
2461:
3436:
3279:
3257:
3208:
3164:
3121:
3086:
3064:
3003:
2914:
2849:
2673:
1544:
Swisher, Carl C.; Wang, Yuan-qing; Wang, Xiao-lin; Xu, Xing; Wang, Yuan (1999).
1504:
1425:
1179:
1154:
706:
667:
616:
409:
47:
1288:
434:
3272:
3249:
3201:
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2921:
2799:
2777:
2585:
2576:
2372:
2023:
1984:
1475:
914:
673:
591:
368:
200:
92:
57:
3427:
2395:
1837:
1694:
3310:
3242:
2937:
2929:
2835:
2646:
2594:
2150:
2084:
2049:
1511:
1464:
855:
662:
375:
213:
154:
97:
41:
34:
2480:
2421:
2169:
2092:
1929:
1872:
1778:
1266:
1955:
1745:
Xu, X.; Zhou, Z.; Prum, R.O. (2001). "Branched integumental structures in
3421:
3294:
3215:
3186:
2960:
2770:
2570:
1838:"Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds"
665:
dinosaurs with a distinctive sickle-shaped toe claw, which also includes
553:
had venom due to some dentitional similarities to modern venomous snakes.
529:
skull, and noted several features suggesting it was the first-identified
525:
In 2009, a team of scientists led by Empu Gong examined a well-preserved
518:
394:
364:
187:
174:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
1864:
919:
3469:
3317:
2603:
1444:
1396:
879:
471:
450:
417:
102:
77:
1911:
827:
studies did not support the idea that NGMC 91 was a close relative of
2892:
2784:
2564:
2256:
1770:
1674:
1459:
1400:
970:
571:
497:
390:
164:
3398:
2232:
1615:
1598:
807:, though they considered the exact species questionable. Meanwhile,
2515:
2248:
1651:
1572:
1448:
1379:
975:
774:
641:
601:
541:
530:
512:
493:
433:
383:
354:
2231:
Alan Hamilton Turner, Peter J. Makovicky and Mark Norell (2012).
3456:
886:. The authors concluded that NGMC 91 was a subadult specimen of
842:
led him to conclude that his earlier separation of NGMC 91 from
467:
3402:
2557:
2519:
1546:"Cretaceous age for the feathered dinosaurs of Liaoning, China"
2233:"A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny"
878:. On the other hand, it does possess a posteriorly bifurcated
590:
and modern birds and reptiles indicate that it may have been
1942:
Gong, E., L.D. Martin, D.E. Burnham, and A.R. Falk. (2009).
732:
in 2004 based on a new specimen, D2140, which differed from
1807:
Planet Dinosaur : The Next Generation of Killer Giants
1441:
Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology
634:, a larger microraptorine with evident flight capacities.
594:, active throughout the day and night at short intervals.
480:
to glide for short distances after leaping from trees.
325:
312:
289:
3411:
3225:
3139:
3104:
3042:
2970:
2859:
2817:
2754:
2699:
2672:
2645:
2618:
728:("Hao's Chinese bird-lizard") was described by Liu
2237:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
2226:
2224:
1804:
2496:Student Science. 12 Jan. 2010. Web. 26 May 2015.
2342:Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History
2130:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1952:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
870:that are three to four times the length of the
705:is consistent with feather evidence from other
466:), making them similar in structure to modern
397:. It was found in the Jianshangou beds of the
2531:
1798:
1796:
1403:with feather impressions, was recovered from
546:Some palaeontologists have hypothesized that
8:
2509:"Dinosaur fossil yields feathery structures"
2201:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1740:
1738:
1679:. Princeton University Press. p. 147.
606:Referred specimen, Hong Kong Science Museum
3399:
3048:
2762:
2751:
2678:
2651:
2624:
2615:
2554:
2538:
2524:
2516:
1592:
1590:
720:("millennium Chinese bird-lizard") is the
120:
20:
2470:
2460:
2411:
2159:
2149:
1919:
1614:
349:(derived from a combination of Latin and
1384:The holotype specimen on display at the
866:; however, as it "lacks elongate middle
3536:Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera
1956:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912360107
1536:
821:), based on supposed wing proportions.
724:, described in 1999. A second species,
2284:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
2194:
1676:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
770:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
353:, meaning 'Chinese bird-lizard') is a
2124:Longrich, N.R.; Currie, P.J. (2009).
815:(now usually considered a synonym of
7:
620:. Chatterjee and Templin 2004 found
2361:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1236:
1171:
1146:
1139:
1115:
1091:
1023:
1001:
991:
962:
935:
906:
896:
748:specimens"; the authors considered
3506:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
1525:Timeline of dromaeosaurid research
646:NGMC 91, nicknamed "Dave", at the
14:
1468:is also preserved near the foot.
132:fossil, Hong Kong Science Museum
3383:
3382:
3359:
3353:
3348:
3342:
2413:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02349.x
1708:Xu, Xing; Qin, Zi-Chuan (2017).
1478:
1287:
1265:
1184:
1053:
1033:
974:
945:
918:
744:or variable among the number of
574:) have similarly grooved teeth.
141:
2400:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
2046:"Re: Venom in Sinornithosaurus"
1386:Paleozoological Museum of China
1:
3531:Fossil taxa described in 1999
1749:and the origin of feathers".
758:new informal combination name
462:) joined along a main shaft (
386:. It was the fifth non–avian
335:Liu, Ji, Tang & Gao, 2004
2462:10.1371/journal.pone.0036790
2185:Geological Bulletin of China
2012:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
1973:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
1462:age. A specimen of the fish
874:", it cannot be referred to
779:Skeletal reconstructions of
483:A 2010 study indicated that
2507:Wang, L. (March 10, 2001).
882:, which is an apomorphy of
657:was a member of the family
3552:
752:to be a junior synonym of
648:Geological Museum of China
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
3372:
3340:
3051:
2765:
2750:
2731:
2681:
2654:
2627:
2614:
2553:
2373:10.1017/S1477201907002143
2024:10.1007/s12542-010-0076-7
1985:10.1007/s12542-010-0074-9
1811:. Firefly Books. p.
1673:Paul, Gregory S. (2016).
1280:
1258:
1241:
1234:
1199:
1176:
1169:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1120:
1113:
1096:
1089:
1048:
1028:
1021:
1006:
999:
989:
967:
960:
940:
933:
911:
904:
864:Sinornithosaurus millenii
849:Sinornithosaurus millenii
801:Sinornithosaurus millenii
742:Sinornithosaurus millenii
309:
304:
294:Sinornithosaurus millenii
288:
281:
138:Scientific classification
136:
128:
119:
23:
768:in the third edition of
689:of the Early Cretaceous
582:Comparisons between the
321:Xu, Wang, & Wu, 1999
299:Xu, Wang, & Wu, 1999
2323:Earth Science Frontiers
2151:10.1073/pnas.0811664106
2085:10.1126/science.1200043
1376:Discovery and specimens
740:"are either present in
438:Artist's impression of
1803:Naish, Darren (2012).
1717:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
1389:
847:belong to the species
784:
651:
607:
554:
522:
509:Possible venomous bite
442:
3526:Taxa named by Xu Xing
3478:Paleobiology Database
2394:Senter, Phil (2011).
1399:. An almost-complete
1383:
1203:Microraptor zhaoianus
860:Microraptor zhaoianus
778:
716:have been described.
645:
610:The possibility that
605:
545:
516:
437:
1944:The birdlike raptor
661:, a group of agile,
3521:Feathered dinosaurs
3106:Saurornitholestinae
2453:2012PLoSO...736790S
2142:2009PNAS..106.5002L
2077:2011Sci...332..705S
1865:10.1038/nature08740
1857:2010Natur.463.1075Z
1851:(7284): 1075–1078.
1763:2001Natur.410..200X
1644:1999Natur.401..262X
1565:1999Natur.400...58S
1499:Feathered dinosaurs
1494:Dinosaur coloration
1009:Saurornitholestinae
2311:(6832) 1084-1087.
2214:2007-09-28 at the
1900:Biological Reviews
1603:Geological Journal
1390:
893:Cladogram (2012):
813:Cryptovolans pauli
795:and colleagues in
785:
652:
608:
555:
523:
443:
404:Xu Xing described
388:feathered dinosaur
3493:
3492:
3405:Taxon identifiers
3396:
3395:
3368:
3367:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3303:Saurornitholestes
3194:Saurornitholestes
3130:Saurornitholestes
2819:Halszkaraptorinae
2746:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2406:(10): 2197–2216.
2294:978-0-691-23157-0
2136:(13): 5002–5007.
1912:10.1111/brv.12552
1822:978-1-77085-049-1
1757:(6825): 200–204.
1686:978-1-78684-190-2
1638:(6750): 262–266.
1597:Zhou, Z. (2006).
1456:Liaoning Province
1414:Protarchaeopteryx
1405:Liaoning Province
1372:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1065:
697:and the possible
685:in the Barremian
683:million years ago
342:
341:
336:
322:
277:
3543:
3486:
3485:
3473:
3472:
3460:
3459:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3443:Sinornithosaurus
3432:
3431:
3430:
3413:Sinornithosaurus
3400:
3386:
3385:
3363:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3227:Velociraptorinae
3173:Dromaeosauroides
3049:
3033:Zhongjianosaurus
3011:Sinornithosaurus
2763:
2752:
2679:
2652:
2625:
2616:
2609:
2608:
2555:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2517:
2512:
2492:Ornes, Stephen.
2485:
2484:
2474:
2464:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2318:
2312:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2279:Paul, Gregory S.
2275:
2269:
2268:
2228:
2219:
2206:
2200:
2192:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2153:
2121:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2048:. Archived from
2042:
2036:
2035:
2008:Sinornithosaurus
2003:
1997:
1996:
1969:Sinornithosaurus
1964:
1958:
1946:Sinornithosaurus
1940:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1842:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1810:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1771:10.1038/35065589
1747:Sinornithosaurus
1742:
1733:
1732:
1714:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1609:(3–4): 377–393.
1594:
1585:
1584:
1550:
1541:
1488:
1486:Dinosaurs portal
1483:
1482:
1481:
1437:Sinornithosaurus
1409:Yixian Formation
1407:, China, in the
1393:Sinornithosaurus
1291:
1284:Sinornithosaurus
1269:
1237:
1188:
1172:
1147:
1140:
1116:
1092:
1057:
1037:
1031:Velociraptorinae
1024:
1002:
992:
978:
963:
949:
936:
922:
907:
897:
884:Sinornithosaurus
872:dorsal vertebrae
805:Sinornithosaurus
746:Sinornithosaurus
714:Sinornithosaurus
703:Sinornithosaurus
699:Sinornithosaurus
681:lived about 125
655:Sinornithosaurus
612:Sinornithosaurus
588:Sinornithosaurus
578:Circadian rhythm
568:Sinornithosaurus
559:Sinornithosaurus
548:Sinornithosaurus
536:Sinornithosaurus
527:Sinornithosaurus
490:Sinornithosaurus
485:Sinornithosaurus
478:Sinornithosaurus
447:Sinornithosaurus
424:Sinornithosaurus
406:Sinornithosaurus
399:Yixian Formation
380:Yixian Formation
346:Sinornithosaurus
334:
327:
320:
314:
291:
261:
257:Sinornithosaurus
254:
241:
225:
146:
145:
124:
114:
44:
31:Early Cretaceous
29:Temporal range:
25:Sinornithosaurus
21:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3516:Microraptorians
3496:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3481:
3476:
3468:
3463:
3455:
3450:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3407:
3397:
3392:
3364:
3330:
3287:Luanchuanraptor
3221:
3141:Dromaeosaurinae
3135:
3100:
3044:Eudromaeosauria
3038:
2966:
2855:
2813:
2759:
2757:Dromaeosauridae
2738:
2735:Dromaeosauridae
2715:
2701:Dromaeosauridae
2695:
2668:
2641:
2635:Avemetatarsalia
2620:Avemetatarsalia
2610:
2560:
2559:
2549:
2547:Dromaeosauridae
2544:
2511:. Science News.
2506:
2503:
2489:
2488:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2216:Wayback Machine
2193:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2071:(6030): 705–8.
2062:
2061:
2057:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1941:
1937:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1744:
1743:
1736:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1687:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1616:10.1002/gj.1045
1596:
1595:
1588:
1559:(6739): 58–61.
1548:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1420:Sinosauropteryx
1378:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1224:
1215:
1076:
1067:
1051:Dromaeosaurinae
996:Eudromaeosauria
901:Dromaeosauridae
818:Microraptor gui
809:Stephen Czerkas
766:Gregory S. Paul
756:. In 2024, the
712:Two species of
659:Dromaeosauridae
640:
600:
580:
511:
506:
432:
382:in what is now
367:from the early
300:
297:
260:
252:
239:
227:Dromaeosauridae
223:
140:
115:
113:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
40:124.6–122
39:
38:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3549:
3547:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3474:
3461:
3448:
3433:
3417:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3299:
3291:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3254:
3246:
3239:
3231:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3090:
3083:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2985:
2977:
2975:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2957:
2949:
2945:Unquillosaurus
2941:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2911:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2881:
2874:
2866:
2864:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2824:
2822:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2796:
2789:
2781:
2774:
2766:
2760:
2755:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2628:
2622:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2558:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2502:
2501:External links
2499:
2498:
2497:
2487:
2486:
2427:
2386:
2367:(4): 429–463.
2351:
2332:
2313:
2300:
2293:
2270:
2220:
2175:
2116:
2106:
2055:
2052:on 2011-11-10.
2037:
1998:
1959:
1935:
1886:
1828:
1821:
1792:
1734:
1723:(2): 129–144.
1700:
1685:
1665:
1622:
1586:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1473:
1470:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1000:
998:
990:
988:
985:
984:
981:
980:
966:
961:
959:
956:
955:
952:
951:
939:
934:
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
910:
905:
903:
895:
764:was coined by
760:"Jeholraptor"
639:
638:Classification
636:
599:
598:Flight/gliding
596:
579:
576:
510:
507:
505:
502:
431:
428:
340:
339:
338:
337:
323:
307:
306:
302:
301:
298:
286:
285:
279:
278:
250:
246:
245:
237:
230:
229:
221:
217:
216:
211:
204:
203:
198:
191:
190:
185:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
134:
133:
126:
125:
117:
116:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
45:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3548:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3389:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3362:
3358:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3266:Kansaignathus
3263:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3180:Dromaeosaurus
3177:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3072:Dineobellator
3069:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:Hesperonychus
2993:
2991:
2990:
2989:Graciliraptor
2986:
2984:
2983:
2982:Changyuraptor
2979:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:Microraptoria
2969:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:Ornithodesmus
2904:
2902:
2901:
2900:Neuquenraptor
2897:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2829:Halszkaraptor
2826:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2737:
2736:
2730:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2447:(5): e36790.
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2249:10.1206/748.1
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2191:(8): 778–783.
2190:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:10.1038/45769
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1573:10.1038/21872
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1537:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1432:Beipiaosaurus
1428:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1262:Graciliraptor
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:Hesperonychus
1118:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1086:Microraptoria
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1003:
997:
994:
993:
987:
986:
983:
982:
979:
977:
973:
972:
965:
964:
958:
957:
954:
953:
950:
948:
944:
938:
937:
931:
930:
927:
926:
923:
921:
917:
916:
909:
908:
902:
899:
898:
894:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
845:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
820:
819:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
782:
777:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:
670:
669:
664:
660:
656:
649:
644:
637:
635:
633:
632:
631:Changyuraptor
627:
623:
619:
618:
613:
604:
597:
595:
593:
589:
585:
584:scleral rings
577:
575:
573:
569:
563:
560:
552:
549:
544:
540:
537:
532:
528:
520:
515:
508:
503:
501:
499:
495:
491:
486:
481:
479:
475:
474:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:down feathers
452:
448:
445:Specimens of
441:
436:
429:
427:
425:
421:
419:
415:
414:Archaeopteryx
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
370:
366:
363:
362:dromaeosaurid
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:
332:
331:
324:
319:
318:
311:
310:
308:
303:
296:
295:
287:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
258:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:Microraptoria
238:
235:
232:
231:
228:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
43:
36:
32:
26:
22:
19:
3511:Yixian fauna
3412:
3347:
3325:Velociraptor
3323:
3316:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3241:
3236:Acheroraptor
3234:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3163:
3157:Dakotaraptor
3155:
3150:Achillobator
3148:
3128:
3120:
3115:Atrociraptor
3113:
3094:Zhenyuanlong
3092:
3085:
3079:Tianyuraptor
3077:
3070:
3063:
3055:
3031:
3024:
3018:Tianyuraptor
3016:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2913:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2885:Dakotaraptor
2883:
2878:Buitreraptor
2876:
2871:Austroraptor
2869:
2861:Unenlagiinae
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2808:Zhenyuanlong
2806:
2798:
2793:Tianyuraptor
2791:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2733:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2494:"Dino-bite!"
2444:
2440:
2430:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2308:
2303:
2283:
2273:
2240:
2236:
2197:cite journal
2188:
2184:
2178:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2109:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2050:the original
2040:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1951:
1948:was venomous
1945:
1938:
1906:(1): 22–50.
1903:
1899:
1889:
1848:
1844:
1831:
1806:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1720:
1716:
1703:
1675:
1668:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1606:
1602:
1556:
1552:
1539:
1519:Velociraptor
1517:
1510:
1503:
1463:
1453:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1392:
1391:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1260:
1259:
1245:Cryptovolans
1243:
1242:
1201:
1200:
1178:
1177:
1153:
1152:
1122:
1121:
1100:Tianyuraptor
1098:
1097:
1049:
1029:
1007:
969:
968:
943:Unenlagiinae
941:
913:
912:
892:
887:
883:
876:M. zhaoianus
875:
863:
859:
853:
848:
843:
839:
837:
832:
828:
825:Phylogenetic
823:
816:
812:
804:
800:
788:
786:
780:
761:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
722:type species
717:
713:
711:
707:dromaeosaurs
702:
698:
694:
678:
672:
666:
654:
653:
629:
626:Darren Naish
621:
615:
611:
609:
587:
581:
567:
564:
558:
556:
550:
547:
535:
526:
524:
517:Cast of the
504:Paleobiology
489:
484:
482:
477:
472:
463:
459:
446:
444:
439:
423:
422:
413:
410:dromaeosaurs
405:
403:
345:
344:
343:
329:
328:
316:
315:
293:
292:
283:Type species
256:
255:
233:
207:
194:
181:
129:
24:
18:
3437:Wikispecies
3280:Linheraptor
3258:Deinonychus
3209:Yurgovuchia
3165:Deinonychus
3122:Bambiraptor
3087:Vectiraptor
3065:Bambiraptor
3004:Microraptor
2915:Pamparaptor
2850:Natovenator
2689:Maniraptora
2674:Maniraptora
2329:(3): 57–63.
2018:: 109–111.
1979:: 103–107.
1505:Microraptor
1426:Caudipteryx
1180:Microraptor
1155:Microraptor
888:S. millenii
856:apomorphies
844:S. millenii
840:S. millenii
833:Microraptor
829:S. millenii
783:and NGMC 91
781:S. millenii
754:S. millenii
734:S. millenii
718:S. millenii
679:S. millenii
668:Deinonychus
622:S. millenii
617:Microraptor
440:S. millenii
430:Description
317:S. millenii
130:S. millenii
3500:Categories
3376:See also:
3250:Boreonykus
3202:Utahraptor
2953:Variraptor
2922:Pyroraptor
2800:Variraptor
2778:Pyroraptor
2710:see below↓
2586:Dinosauria
2577:Sauropsida
1531:References
915:Xiaotingia
858:with both
750:S. haoiana
738:S. haoiana
726:S. haoiana
695:S. haoiana
674:Utahraptor
592:cathemeral
500:feathers.
416:and other
369:Cretaceous
330:S. haoiana
201:Saurischia
188:Dinosauria
3243:Adasaurus
2938:Unenlagia
2930:Rahonavis
2836:Hulsanpes
2662:Theropoda
2647:Theropoda
2595:Theropoda
2563:Kingdom:
2257:2246/6352
2243:: 1–206.
2032:129716572
1881:205219587
1695:985402380
1512:Rahonavis
1465:Lycoptera
663:predatory
378:) of the
376:Barremian
359:feathered
214:Theropoda
161:Kingdom:
155:Eukaryota
35:Barremian
3422:Wikidata
3388:Category
3378:Timeline
3295:Nuthetes
3216:Zapsalis
3187:Itemirus
2961:Ypupiara
2843:Mahakala
2771:Daurlong
2571:Chordata
2569:Phylum:
2565:Animalia
2481:22615813
2441:PLOS ONE
2422:21726330
2381:83726237
2281:(2024).
2265:83572446
2212:Archived
2209:abstract
2170:19289829
2101:33253407
2093:21493820
1993:84259940
1930:31538399
1873:20107440
1779:11242078
1729:44178386
1472:See also
793:Ji Qiang
551:millenii
531:venomous
519:holotype
473:barbules
418:avialans
395:Liaoning
365:dinosaur
305:Species
220:Family:
175:Chordata
171:Phylum:
165:Animalia
151:Domain:
3470:4822942
3457:4433563
3428:Q131267
3318:Tsaagan
2604:Paraves
2575:Class:
2472:3352940
2449:Bibcode
2348:: 1–20.
2161:2664043
2138:Bibcode
2073:Bibcode
2065:Science
1921:7004074
1853:Bibcode
1787:4426803
1759:Bibcode
1660:4430574
1640:Bibcode
1581:4424629
1561:Bibcode
1445:Beijing
1397:Beijing
880:dentary
868:caudals
762:haoiana
572:baboons
249:Genus:
109:↓
3057:Balaur
3026:Wulong
2893:Diuqin
2785:Shanag
2479:
2469:
2420:
2379:
2291:
2263:
2168:
2158:
2099:
2091:
2030:
1991:
1928:
1918:
1879:
1871:
1845:Nature
1819:
1785:
1777:
1751:Nature
1727:
1693:
1683:
1658:
1632:Nature
1579:
1553:Nature
1460:Aptian
1429:, and
1401:fossil
971:Shanag
789:Nature
730:et al.
691:period
521:fossil
498:rufous
464:rachis
374:(late
372:Period
269:&
3483:68204
2600:Clade
2591:Clade
2582:Clade
2377:S2CID
2261:S2CID
2097:S2CID
2028:S2CID
1989:S2CID
1877:S2CID
1841:(PDF)
1783:S2CID
1725:S2CID
1713:(PDF)
1656:S2CID
1577:S2CID
1549:(PDF)
1449:China
494:black
460:barbs
451:birds
391:genus
384:China
355:genus
351:Greek
234:Clade
208:Clade
195:Clade
182:Clade
3465:GBIF
3311:Shri
3273:Kuru
2687:see
2660:see
2633:see
2477:PMID
2418:PMID
2289:ISBN
2203:link
2166:PMID
2089:PMID
1926:PMID
1869:PMID
1817:ISBN
1775:PMID
1691:OCLC
1681:ISBN
862:and
797:2001
671:and
496:and
492:had
468:bird
275:1999
267:Wang
48:Preęž’
3452:EoL
2467:PMC
2457:doi
2408:doi
2369:doi
2309:410
2253:hdl
2245:doi
2241:371
2156:PMC
2146:doi
2134:106
2114:IN.
2081:doi
2069:332
2020:doi
2010:".
1981:doi
1971:".
1916:PMC
1908:doi
1861:doi
1849:463
1813:192
1767:doi
1755:410
1648:doi
1636:401
1611:doi
1569:doi
1557:400
1443:in
1182:gui
1157:sp.
791:by
687:age
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