Sinosauropteryx - Knowledge

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dentition is extremely well developed and acute; that there are over 50 extremely elongated caudals, constituting 60% of the body length, and the forelimb is extremely short with a short and thick humerus; the pubis was elongated and extremely inflated at its distal end and the ischium is broad; the hind limb was long and robust, the tibia is only slightly longer than the femur, the tarsals are separated, and the metatarsals are relatively robust with unfused proximal ends; the feathers are short, small, and uniform; many ornament the top of the skull, cervical, and dorsal regions, in addition to the dorsal and ventral caudal region.

6417: 8549: 955: 6410: 4914: 5739: 5725: 602:. The length remains uniform over the back, until beyond the hips, when the filaments lengthen again and reach their maximum length midway down the tail at 40 mm (1.6 in). The filaments on the underside of the tail are shorter overall and decrease in length more rapidly than those on the dorsal surface. By the 25th tail vertebrae, the filaments on the underside reach a length of only 35 mm (1.4 in). The longest feathers present on the forearm measured 14 mm (0.55 in). 2631: 8001: 7205: 7987: 582: 5718: 7994: 4920: 6424: 150: 5732: 637:, the mineral which modern feather quills are made of. The large amount of curvature present in the filaments also makes a strong central quill unlikely. Thus, the idea that thick filaments are simply bundles of thin filaments is less unusual than the idea that they were a variant of quilled plumaceous feathers which developed a morphology opposite that of birds and other feathered theropods. As a whole, the study preferred the hypothesis that 8562: 1019:. Although the collagen hypothesis claimed that the central shafts (rachises) of purported theropod feathers were actually misidentified examples of shaft-like collagen fibers, higher quality imagery showed that these similarities were artificial. The supposed shafts in ichthyosaur collagen were actually scratch marks, cracks, and crevasses created during preparation of one of the ichthyosaur specimens. On the other hand, the shafts in the 7223: 566:. These short, down-like filaments are preserved along the back half of the skull, the arms, neck, back, and top and bottom of the tail. Additional patches of feathers have been identified on the sides of the body, and palaeontologists Chen, Dong and Zheng proposed that the density of the feathers on the back and the randomness of the patches elsewhere on the body indicated the animals would have been fully feathered in life, with the 1074: 7211: 1063: 129: 703: 7230: 8556: 7981: 547: 780: 532:" respiratory system. A later study, while agreeing that the pigmented area represented something originally inside the body, found no defined structure and noted that any organs would have been distorted by the processes that flattened the skeleton into an essentially two-dimensional form. Dark pigment is also present in the eye region of the holotype and another specimen. 7218: 4343: 791:

was uncovered in August 1996 by Li Yumin. Yumin was a farmer and part-time fossil hunter who often prospected around Liaoning Province to acquire fossils to sell to individuals and museums. Yumin recognized the unique quality of the specimen, which was separated into two slabs, and sold the slabs to

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branching off from it, similar to but more primitive in structure than modern bird feathers. Overall, the filaments most closely resemble the "plumules" or down-like feathers of some modern birds, with a thick central quill and long, thin barbs. The same structures are seen in other fossils from the

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specimen measuring only 68 cm (27 in) in length, including the tail. However, this individual was relatively immature. The longest known specimen reaches up to 1.07 m (3.5 ft) in length, with an estimated weight of 0.55 kg (1.2 lb). A subsequent paper estimated its mass

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boot, and several more may lie underneath them on the slab. It is unlikely that they were eaten by the animal, as they are in the wrong part of the body cavity for the egg shells to have remained intact. It is more likely that they are unlaid eggs produced by the animal itself, proving the specimen

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fibres rather than primitive feathers. Since the structures are clearly external to the body, these researchers have proposed that the fibres formed a frill on the back of the animal and underside of its tail, similar to some modern aquatic lizards. The absence of feathers would refute the proposal

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Though the feathers are too dense to isolate a single structure for examination, several studies have suggested the presence of two distinct filament types (thick and thin) interspersed with each other. The thick filaments tend to appear 'stiffer' than thin filaments, and the thin filaments tend to

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study noted that, after further preparation, this irregular surface was simply a layer of sediment with a different color than the rest of the slab. The 'frill' or 'halo' of collagen identified by Feduccia was also determined to be misidentified sediment surrounding one of the specimens. Smithwick

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The filaments are preserved with a gap between the bones, which several authors have noted corresponds closely to the expected amount of skin and muscle tissue that would have been present in life. The feathers are closest to the bone on the skull and end of the tail, where little to no muscle was

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in its tail. This high number made its tail the longest relative to body length of any theropod. Its hands were long compared to its arms, about 84% to 91% of the length of the rest of the arm (humerus and radius), and half the length of the foot. The first and second digits were about the same

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apart from other birds and dinosaurs. They found that it was a small primitive bird with a relatively high skull, blunt rostrum and a slightly high premaxilla; that the antorbital fenestra was elliptical but not enlarged, the dentary was robust, the surangular was narrow and elongated, and the

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that these specimens actually preserve remnants of the colouration pattern the animal would have exhibited in life. He argued that the dark, banded areas on the tail were too evenly spaced to have been caused by random separation of the fossil slabs, and that they represent fossilized pigments

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The length of the filaments varies across the body. On the type specimen, they are shortest just in front of the eyes, with a length of 13 mm (0.51 in). Going further along the body, the filaments rapidly increase in length until reaching lengths of 35 mm (1.4 in) over the

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The filaments exhibit random orientations and are often wavy, which has been interpreted as evidence that they were soft and pliable in life. Microscopic examination shows that individual filaments appear dark along the edges and light internally, suggesting that they were hollow, like modern

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show an alternation of lighter and darker bands preserved on the tail. Chen and colleagues initially interpreted this banding pattern as an artifact of the splitting between the main slab and counter-slab in which the original specimen was preserved. However, Longrich suggested in his 2002

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Other examples of purported collagen fibers in the tail area were revealed to be scratches, similar to those on the rest of the specimen. An area of the bone with an irregular surface was considered evidence that some collagen fibers were less decayed than others. However, Smithwick

951:) were stiffening structures from a frill running along the back, and that dinosaur palaeontologists were engaging in wishful thinking when equating the structures with feathers. Subsequent publications saw some of the team members disagreeing over the identity of the structures. 835:, who in the 1970s had pioneered the theory that birds evolved from dinosaurs, "in a state of shock." Ostrom later joined an international team of researchers who gathered in Beijing to examine the fossils; other team members included feather expert Alan Brush, fossil bird expert 387:, meaning "first" in reference to its status as the first feathered non-avialian dinosaur species discovered. Three specimens have been described. The third specimen previously assigned to this genus represents either a second, as-yet unnamed species or a distinct, related genus. 1031:

finding no evidence of the beaded structures which collagen hypothesis proponents identified on the specimens. The study proposes that some areas of the fossil preserved in three dimensions cast shadows which would have resembled beaded structures in low quality photographs.

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and artist Michael Skrepnick, who became aware of the fossil by chance as they explored the Beijing museum's collections after leading a fossil tour of the area during the first week of October, 1996. Currie recognized the significance of the fossil immediately. As

425: 757:. Furthermore, the team was able to compare melanosome types to those of modern birds to determine a general range of colour. From the presence of phaeomelanosomes, spherical melanosomes that make and store red pigment, they concluded that the darker feathers of 2585:, Nick Longrich showed that this specimen differs in several anatomical aspects from the others, including its relatively large size, proportionally longer shins, and shorter tail. Longrich suggested that GMV 2124 was a compsognathid coelurosaurian, while 364:

was a small theropod with an unusually long tail and short arms. The longest known specimen reaches up to 1.07 metres (3.51 feet) in length, with an estimated weight of 0.55 kilograms (1.21 pounds). It was a close relative of the similar but older genus

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or other structural fibres. Notably, the team of scientists that reported the presence of pigmentation cells in the structures argued that their presence proved the structures were feathers, not collagen, because collagen does not contain pigment.

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closely resembled that of birds preserved in the same formation. Purported features of collagen fibers were in fact misidentified shadows formed by scratches or irregular sediment, a misidentification perpetuated by the low quality of early

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the first non-avialian dinosaurs where colouration has been determined. The colouration includes a reddish and light banded tail. Some contention has arisen with an alternative interpretation of the filamentous impression as remains of

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However, a 2018 study considered that the thick filaments could simply be bundles of thin filaments overlapping each other. This possibility is supported by the observation that thin filaments tend to run parallel to both each other

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present in the feathers. Additionally, rather than an artifact of preservation or decomposition, the presence of dark feathers along only the top of the body may also reflect the colour pattern in life, indicating that

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reidentified what the collagen hypothesis's proponents consider a body outline outside of the fibres as an artefact of preparation: breakage and brushed-on sealant have been misidentified as the outline of the body.

2604: sp., though they suggested it may belong in a new genus. Also in 2007, Ji, Ji and colleagues wrote that GMV 2124 is probably a new genus, noting the differences in tail length and hindlimb proportions. 920:

specimen began almost immediately, as the team of scientists spent three days in Beijing examining the specimen under a microscope. The results of their studies (reported during a press conference at the

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Amiot, R.; Wang, X.; Zhou, Z.; Xiaolin Wang, X.; Buffetaut, E.; Lécuyer, C.; Ding, Z.; Fluteau, F.; Hibino, T.; Kusuhashi, N.; Mo, J.; Suteethorn, V.; Yuanqing Wang, Y.; Xu, X.; Zhang, F. (2011).

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Some have suggested that the eggs were stored away from the pelvis, perhaps in a location associated with the intestines, and this has led some to interpret the eggs as having been swallowed.

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of Asia, Europe, and South America. However, in 2024, Andrea Cau published a study on the phylogenetics of Compsognathids that called this assessment into question. The paper recovered

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length, with a large claw on the first digit. The first fingers were large, being both longer and thicker than either of the bones of the forearm. The teeth differed slightly (they were

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known theropod genus with feathers, and also raise questions about the current theory of feather origins itself. It calls into question the idea that the first feathers evolved not for

749:, IVPP V14202. By examining melanosome structure and distribution, Zhang and colleagues were able to confirm the presence of light and dark bands of colour in the tail feathers of 765:

reveals that it had a raccoon-like bandit mask and countershading patterns most likely associated with an open habitat, indicating that the Jehol likely had a range of habitat types.

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feathers were simple single-branch filaments, although it is conceivable that they were occasionally joined at the base into tufts as predecessors to down-like plumaceous feathers.

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present, and the gap increases over the back vertebrae, where more musculature would be expected, indicating that the filaments were external to the skin and do not correspond with

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integument includes beaded structures similar to structures occasionally found in decaying collagen of modern sea mammals. However, this claim was also unsupported, with Smithwick

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Institute of Geology and Paleontology. The director of the Beijing museum, Ji Qiang, recognized the importance of the find, as did visiting Canadian palaeontologist

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thick filaments, rather than branching out as earlier authors identified. Some of the thick filaments are quite long yet end in small tufts of thin filaments.

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were abundant. Mammals and birds are also well known from the formation. The setting was subject to periodic mortality events including volcanic eruptions,

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in January 2010. Fucheng Zhang and colleagues examined the fossilized feathers of several dinosaurs and early birds, and found evidence that they preserved

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lie parallel to each other but at angles to nearby thick filaments. These properties suggest that the individual feathers consisted of a central quill (

2688: sp.) was found with three mammal jaws in its gut region. Hurum, Luo, and Kielan-Jaworowska (2006) identified two of these jaws as belonging to 8641: 3061:

Benson, Roger B. J.; Campione, Nicolás E.; Carrano, Matthew T.; Mannion, Philip D.; Sullivan, Corwin; Upchurch, Paul; Evans, David C. (2014-05-06).

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to be a female. Each egg measured 36 mm (1.4 in) long by 26 mm (1.0 in) wide. The presence of two developed eggs suggests that

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Chinese authorities initially barred photographs of the specimen from publication. However, Currie brought a photograph to the 1996 meeting of the

2577:. A possible second species is represented by the specimen GMV 2124 (aka NGMC 2124), which was described as a third, larger specimen of 590:

feathers. Compared to modern mammals the filaments were quite coarse, with each individual strand much larger and thicker than the corresponding

6416: 876: V14202, was assigned to the genus but not to the only species by Zhang and colleagues. The assignment of an additional larger specimen to 745:, the cell components that give the feathers of modern birds their colour. Among the specimens studied was a previously undescribed specimen of 8710: 6409: 8548: 3828:"A new Chinese specimen indicates that 'protofeathers' in the Early Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Sinosauropteryx are degraded collagen fibres" 4081: 3968: 3777: 3490: 3292: 965:

Feduccia's frill argument was followed up in several other publications, in which researchers interpreted the filamentous impressions around

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but for insulation, and that they made their first appearance in relatively basal dinosaur lineages that later evolved into modern birds.

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Therrien, F.; Henderson, D.M. (2007). "My theropod is bigger than yours...or not: estimating body size from skull length in theropods".

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Ruben, J.A.; Jones, T.D.; Geist, N.R.; Hillenius, W.J. (1997). "Lung structure and ventilation in theropod dinosaurs and early birds".

2582: 828: 824: 722: 442:, noted for its short arms, large first finger (thumbs), and long tail. The taxon includes some of the smallest known adult non-avian 3689: 865: 5738: 7204: 1002:

The hypothesis that the structures were collagen fibers was closely analyzed and disproven by a 2017 paper published by Smithwick

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in New York, causing crowds of palaeontologists to gather and discuss the new discovery. The news reportedly left palaeontologist

5724: 7986: 3063:"Rates of Dinosaur Body Mass Evolution Indicate 170 Million Years of Sustained Ecological Innovation on the Avian Stem Lineage" 4913: 2787:. The freshwater lake strata of the Yixian Formation have preserved a wide variety of plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. 734:

with dark colouration on its back and lighter colouration on its underside, with bands or stripes on the tail for camouflage.

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The biodiversity and palaeoclimate of conifer floras from the Early Cretaceous deposits in western Liaoning, northeast China

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mixed with volcanic ash in which the creature is embedded, I was bowled over." When originally described, the authors named

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A pigmented area in the abdomen of the holotype has been suggested as possible traces of organs, and was interpreted as the

8000: 4919: 4147:"New Dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the Evolution of the Dromaeosaurid Tail" 149: 3922: 884: 2124, was later found to be in error. All of the fossils were found in the Jianshangou or Dawangzhangzi Beds of the 8427: 7222: 8705: 6423: 716:

was the first dinosaur to have its life colouration described by scientists based on physical evidence. Some fossils of

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Geist, N.R.; Jones, T.D.; Ruben, J.A. (1997). "Implications of soft-tissue preservation in the compsognathid dinosaur,

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were not modern feathers, but suggested further research was required to discover their exact nature. Palaeontologist

922: 3120: 416:. Well-preserved fossils of this species illustrate many aspects of its biology, such as its diet and reproduction. 8561: 959: 954: 881: 869: 857: 349:-like feathers. Structures that indicate colouration have also been preserved in some of its feathers, which makes 7229: 4121: 454:

There is also a 3.8-meter specimen known as the "largest Sinosauropteryx" that has not been adequately studied.

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Aves, in which any animal with feathers is considered to be a bird. They argued that the filamentous plumes of

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dinosaurs, not just the obviously bird-like ones, making it quite likely that equally distant animals such as

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specimens were legitimate examples of fossilized structures. The collagen hypothesis also claims that

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Zhang, F.; Kearns, S.L.; Orr, P.J.; Benton, M.J.; Zhou, Z.; Johnson, D.; Xu, X.; Wang, X. (2010).

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on Thursday, April 24, 1997) were inconclusive; the team agreed that the structures preserved on

900:, China. These fossil beds have been dated to 124.6–122 million years ago, during the early 893: 697: 299: 144: 4145:

Senter, P.; Kirkland, J. I.; Deblieux, D. D.; Madsen, S.; Toth, N. (2012). Dodson, Peter (ed.).

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which had preserved a lizard in its stomach contents (NIGP 127587) also had several small

562:(filaments arising from the skin) which most palaeontologists interpret as a primitive type of 8654: 8302: 8219: 8193: 8032: 8019: 7897: 7438: 7390: 6222: 5572: 4651: 4310: 4186: 4077: 3964: 3857: 3773: 3486: 3445: 3371: 3288: 3102: 3084: 2415: 1659: 634: 409: 136: 8659: 4271:"Oxygen isotopes of East Asian dinosaurs reveal exceptionally cold Early Cretaceous climates" 1129:

should be considered a true bird. They classified the genus as belonging to a new biological

8406: 8163: 8073: 7862: 7778: 7640: 7559: 7531: 7491: 7372: 7342: 6860: 6613: 6477: 6334: 6234: 6083: 5990: 5948: 5515: 4825: 4348: 4300: 4290: 4176: 4166: 4113: 4018: 4008: 3948: 3884: 3876: 3847: 3839: 3806: 3750: 3711: 3626: 3580: 3534: 3435: 3425: 3363: 3276: 3236: 3228: 3186: 3092: 3074: 3035: 3008: 2941: 2780: 2756: 2338: 1855: 1787: 1492: 1291: 1210: 1157: 1142: 935: 905: 885: 840: 671: 667: 405: 372: 346: 41: 3206:"Additional information on the primitive contour and wing feathering of paravian dinosaurs" 8469: 8207: 8102: 7957: 7950: 7762: 7704: 7677: 7667: 7626: 7461: 7320: 7304: 7122: 7094: 7072: 6959: 6804: 6511: 6285: 6168: 6146: 6067: 5896: 5873: 5866: 5844: 5830: 5823: 5784: 5635: 5482: 5409: 5398: 5334: 5222: 5109: 4686: 4595: 4449: 4424: 3987:

Fiann M. Smithwick; Gerald Mayr; Evan T. Saitta; Michael J. Benton; Jakob Vinther (2017).

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in its gut region, indicating that small, fast-moving animals made up part of the diet of

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had feather-like structures, it was not very closely related to the previous "first bird"

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was closely compared to less controversial evidence of collagen fibers preserved in the

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Longrich's conclusions were supported in a paper first published online in the journal

731: 617: 3607:"Evolutionary radiation of the Jehol Biota: chronological and ecological perspectives" 2981: 2919:"An exceptionally well-preserved theropod dinosaur from the Yixian Formation of China" 2918: 1062: 702: 476:, where the skull and thigh bones are approximately equivalent in length. The arms of 424: 128: 8689: 8476: 8322: 8283: 8262: 8141: 8134: 8061: 7855: 7828: 7686: 7602: 7580: 7573: 7566: 7509: 7426: 7289: 7261: 7248: 7172: 7049: 6889: 6723: 6654: 6540: 6527: 6272: 6250: 6243: 6207: 6180: 6132: 6056: 5792: 5583: 5557: 5473: 5454: 5447: 5384: 5363: 5342: 5327: 5313: 5272: 5238: 5231: 5150: 5002: 4889: 4882: 4809: 4779: 4768: 4658: 4629: 4622: 4548: 4205: 3896: 3585: 3564: 3546: 3383: 3277: 2768: 2725: 2468: 2451: 2372: 2309: 2290: 2220: 2205: 2165: 2073: 2056: 1744: 1566: 1509: 1406: 1251: 1200: 1169: 1153: 1149: 1089: 930: 845: 684: 675: 650: 485: 367: 331: 309: 79: 17: 3723: 3640: 3250: 3047: 8448: 8386: 8356: 8276: 8269: 8247: 8239: 8119: 8111: 8091: 7806: 7717: 7655: 7545: 7516: 7468: 7297: 7282: 7057: 6989: 6917: 6896: 6875: 6691: 6647: 6455: 6442: 6372: 6325: 6200: 6090: 6042: 6035: 5972: 5941: 5934: 5815: 5642: 5494: 5391: 5293: 5286: 5181: 5165: 5101: 5052: 4984: 4761: 4644: 4637: 4608: 4571: 4540: 3754: 3272: 2953: 2729: 2645: 2277: 2124: 2015: 1981: 1923: 1889: 1872: 861: 836: 630: 3190: 4171: 3079: 2673:

was probably a fast-running lizard adapted to living in open habitats, much like

2596:. In 2007, Gishlick and Gauthier concurred that this specimen was probably a new 550:

Holotype and referred specimen with diagrams showing feathers and internal tissue

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International Symposium on Cretaceous Major Geological Events and Earth System

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Skeletal diagram showing known remains of the holotype and a referred specimen

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Dinosaurs of the air: the evolution and loss of flight in dinosaurs and birds

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Stieg, B. (23 April 1997). "Debate rages over birds' relation to dinosaurs".

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Most researchers have disagreed with the identification of the structures as

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were chestnut or reddish brown in colour. More research on the coloration of

8462: 8455: 8155: 8148: 7821: 7813: 7744: 7397: 7115: 6661: 6565: 6300: 5885: 5770: 5757: 5684: 5620: 5543: 5522: 5279: 5142: 4950: 4937: 4855: 4707: 4526: 4513: 4476: 4385: 4295: 3772:(2nd ed.). New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 377. 3466:

Browne, M.W. (19 October 1996). "Feathery Fossil Hints Dinosaur-Bird Link".

3012: 2816: 2804: 2663:. These lizards have been interpreted as most likely belonging to the genus 2355: 2148: 1766: 1706: 1607: 1134: 1110: 810: 754: 706:

Restoration illustrating colouration as suggested by the study of preserved

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by Ji and Ji in 1997. However, in a 2002 presentation and abstract for the

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Controversy regarding the identity of the filaments preserved in the first

2763:, the assemblage of organisms found in the Yixian Formation and overlying 1133:, Sinosauropterygiformes, family Sinosauropterygidae, within the subclass 8598: 8046: 7454: 7447: 7419: 7312: 6812: 6193: 5529: 5356: 5117: 4754: 4433: 4409: 4117: 3888: 3341:"Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds" 2808: 2796: 2772: 2705: 1341: 1308: 1234: 990: 970: 897: 679: 501: 464:, differing from its European relatives in its proportions. The skull of 447: 443: 439: 355: 334: 194: 181: 94: 89: 74: 69: 59: 3367: 8646: 7587: 7349: 7079: 6982: 6307: 5628: 4013: 3232: 2800: 2738: 2728:

in its abdomen. Two eggs were preserved just in front of and above the

2389: 889: 797: 793: 599: 563: 514: 481: 376: 342: 338: 109: 84: 3283:(Second ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 678:. This indicates that feathers may have been a characteristic of many 513:) were slender and lacked serrations, while those behind them (on the 8255: 7943: 5370: 4403: 2776: 2659:. Numerous lizards of this type have been found in the same rocks as 2652: 1122: 983: 901: 171: 8575: 3631: 3606: 3513:

Ji, S.; Gao, C.; Liu, J.; Meng, Q.; Ji, Q. (2007). "New material of

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Cast of the skeleton belonging to GMV 2124, which is probably not a

509:) based on position: those near the tips of the upper jaws (on the 341:(birds and their immediate relatives) to be found with evidence of 7086: 6827: 6769: 3795:"Selective factors associated with the origin of fur and feathers" 3406:

Reveal Heterogeneous Habitats in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota"

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Smithwick, F.M.; Nicholls, R.; Cuthill, I.C.; Vinther, J. (2017).

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The specimen NIGP 127587 was preserved with the remains of a

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two separate museums in China: the National Geological Museum in

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had several features unique among all other theropods. It had 64

8633: 8519: 7129: 2784: 1096: 1045:.'s study concluded by stating that the integument preserved on 591: 529: 524:

by John Ruben and colleagues, which they described as part of a

337:. Described in 1996, it was the first dinosaur taxon outside of 8579: 8017: 7246: 6440: 5755: 4935: 4511: 4396: 4358: 3669:

Morell, V. (1997). "The origin of birds: the dinosaur debate".

4251:

Wang, Y.; Zheng, S.; Yang, X.; Zhang, W.; and Ni, Q. (2006). "

2589:

proper was a more primitive kind of coelurosaurian or even a

4354: 3558: 3556: 3517:(Theropoda: Compsognathidae) from western Liaoning, China". 1084:

Despite its feathers, most palaeontologists do not consider

428:

Size of adult and sub-adult specimens, compared with a human

4099:"A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution" 3716:

10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0687:TFROFE]2.0.CO;2

2704:

is known to have had a spur on the ankle, like the modern

3040:

10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[108:MTIBTY]2.0.CO;2

3690:"The fossil record of feather evolution in the Mesozoic" 3204:

Evan T. Saitta; Rebecca Gelernte; Jakob Vinther (2018).

2856:"On the discovery of the earliest bird fossil in China ( 4204:

Hurum, J.H.; Luo, Z.-X.; Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. (2006).

488:) were only 30% the length of its legs (thigh bone and 404:. It was among the first dinosaurs discovered from the 787:

The first fossil specimen of the dinosaur later named

4072:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 3402:"Countershading and Stripes in the Theropod Dinosaur 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 3569:

and its bearing on the diagnosis of Compsognathidae"

943:(which he considered at the time to be a synonym of 8588: 8501: 8396: 8339: 8301: 8218: 8191: 8101: 8071: 8030: 7928: 7896: 7838: 7788: 7761: 7734: 7703: 7676: 7665: 7624: 7489: 7437: 7408: 7370: 7359: 7259: 7171: 7105: 7027: 6958: 6934: 6846: 6794: 6734: 6690: 6679: 6623: 6591: 6538: 6488: 6453: 6371: 6324: 6271: 6233: 6179: 6130: 6066: 6025: 6001: 5970: 5924: 5894: 5883: 5768: 5683: 5582: 5493: 5472: 5408: 5311: 5255: 5221: 5128: 5073: 5042: 4982: 4948: 4874: 4854: 4778: 4725: 4606: 4524: 4475: 4448: 3826:Lingham-Soliar, T.; Feduccia, A.; Wang, X. (2007). 3470:. p. Section 1 page 1 of the New York edition. 2612:Ji and Ji (1996) identified many features that set 4065: 2779:. Between the volcanic layers are several beds of 933:, who had not yet examined the specimen, wrote in 139:with filament impressions, Inner Mongolia Museum 4106:Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana 3334: 3332: 3330: 1105:plus modern birds. The scientists who described 958:Counter slab of the holotype, on display at the 4275:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3306: 3304: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 1178:proper, which would make none of these species 570:feathers having been removed by decomposition. 358:fibres, but this has not been widely accepted. 3921:. National Geographic Magazine. Archived from 3919:"Dinosaur true colors revealed for first time" 3483:The Origin and Evolution of Birds (Second ed.) 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2767:. The Yixian Formation is composed largely of 2741:and laid eggs in pairs, like other theropods. 1185:Below is a cladogram showing the placement of 1137:. These proposals have not been accepted, and 4370: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3262: 3260: 1092:, the genus is only distantly related to the 8: 3395: 3393: 345:. It was covered with a coat of very simple 4036: 4034: 3600: 3598: 3596: 8576: 8307: 8224: 8199: 8083: 8079: 8038: 8027: 8014: 7925: 7893: 7709: 7673: 7632: 7501: 7497: 7382: 7378: 7367: 7267: 7256: 7243: 7034: 7024: 6940: 6852: 6740: 6687: 6597: 6550: 6546: 6496: 6461: 6450: 6437: 6368: 6277: 6185: 6138: 6007: 5982: 5978: 5906: 5902: 5891: 5776: 5765: 5752: 5680: 5499: 5490: 5319: 5134: 5085: 5081: 4994: 4990: 4956: 4945: 4932: 4731: 4614: 4532: 4521: 4508: 4454: 4445: 4393: 4377: 4363: 4355: 3461: 3459: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 127: 31: 4304: 4294: 4180: 4170: 4024:1983/42440979-7476-414b-8684-0f960537101b 4022: 4012: 3877:"Bald dino casts doubt on feather theory" 3851: 3810: 3705: 3630: 3584: 3573:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 3441:1983/8ee95b15-5793-42ad-8e57-da6524635349 3439: 3429: 3242:1983/61351c6d-1517-4101-bac8-50cbb733761d 3240: 3096: 3078: 2791:forests were extensive, with a few early 4229:"Theropoda: Carcharodontosauri d'Italia" 1172:. This polytomy notably did not include 923:Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences 330:(meaning "Chinese reptilian wing") is a 3563:Gishlick, A.D.; Gauthier, J.A. (2007). 3519:Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 3267:Padian, K. (2004). "Basal Avialae". In 2839: 4068:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs 3793:Ruben, J., J. A.; Jones, T.D. (2000). 3485:. Yale University Press. p. 375. 2815:. The climate has been interpreted as 2600:, and tentatively re-classified it as 1148:, a group of small-bodied long-tailed 1109:, however, used a character-based, or 852:Three specimens have been assigned to 585:Preserved plumage in various specimens 3982: 3980: 3311:Longrich, N. (2002). "Systematics of 2917:Chen, P.; Dong, Z.; Zhen, S. (1998). 2813:noxious gases erupting from the lakes 868: 127586), NIGP 127587, and 809:quoted him, "When I saw this slab of 7: 4041:Ji, Q.; Ji, S. (1997). "Advances in 4206:"Were mammals originally venomous?" 2860:gen. nov.) and the origin of birds" 2569:There is only one named species of 2430: 2408: 2315: 2283: 2198: 2140: 2048: 1956: 1779: 1772: 1719: 1712: 1702: 1582: 1558: 1534: 1484: 1477: 1467: 1381: 1357: 1333: 1283: 1276: 1226: 1216: 1206: 1196: 1066:Undescribed fossil specimen at the 8701:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia 3832:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 3743:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3688:Martin, L.; Czerkas, S.A. (2000). 3539:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00942.x 3317:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3028:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2993:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2986:from Liaoning, northeastern China" 2980:Currie, P.J.; Chen, P.-j. (2001). 2712:fed on possibly venomous mammals. 2608:Distinguishing anatomical features 2583:Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 829:American Museum of Natural History 825:Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 723:Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 658:that were more closely related to 451:to be 0.99 kg (2.2 lb). 393:lived in what is now northeastern 25: 3770:The Origin and Evolution of Birds 1164:, along with four other proposed 817:, meaning "Chinese Reptilian Wing 8560: 8554: 8547: 7999: 7992: 7985: 7979: 7228: 7221: 7216: 7209: 7203: 6422: 6415: 6408: 5737: 5730: 5723: 5716: 4918: 4912: 4341: 4227:Cau, Andrea (7 September 2021). 3586:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00269.x 3121:"Largest Sinosauropteryx fossil" 1691:Here is a simplified version of 316:(Ji & Ji, 1996) Morell, 1997 148: 1189:within Coelurosauria by Senter 1141:is generally classified in the 1121:represent true feathers with a 371:, both genera belonging to the 3957:Johns Hopkins University Press 3755:10.1080/02724634.1987.10011680 2799:and insects were diverse, and 2299:at an indeterminate position) 872: 2141. Another specimen, 843:, an expert on the early bird 1: 8711:Fossil taxa described in 1996 4210:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 3917:Sloan, C. (27 January 2010). 3875:Sanderson, K. (23 May 2007). 3565:"On the manual morphology of 3191:10.1126/science.278.5341.1267 2783:representing deposition in a 2759:dinosaur, is a member of the 4172:10.1371/journal.pone.0036790 3275:; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.). 3080:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001853 2708:, which would indicate that 615:Yixian Formation, including 594:of similarly sized mammals. 460:was anatomically similar to 1168:in a polytomy within basal 1102:Archaeopteryx lithographica 554:All described specimens of 8732: 2074:Compsognathus corallestris 960:Geological Museum of China 772: 695: 654:. There are many dinosaur 539: 412:, and was a member of the 375:Compsognathidae. Only one 27:Extinct genus of dinosaurs 8544: 8310: 8227: 8202: 8086: 8082: 8041: 8026: 8013: 7977: 7924: 7892: 7712: 7635: 7504: 7500: 7385: 7381: 7270: 7255: 7242: 7201: 7037: 7023: 6943: 6855: 6743: 6600: 6553: 6549: 6499: 6464: 6449: 6436: 6405: 6367: 6280: 6188: 6141: 6010: 5985: 5981: 5909: 5905: 5779: 5764: 5751: 5713: 5679: 5502: 5322: 5137: 5088: 5084: 4997: 4993: 4959: 4944: 4931: 4909: 4734: 4617: 4535: 4520: 4507: 4457: 4444: 4392: 3431:10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.032 2499: 2482: 2465: 2448: 2435: 2428: 2413: 2406: 2386: 2369: 2352: 2335: 2320: 2313: 2288: 2281: 2218: 2203: 2196: 2179: 2162: 2145: 2138: 2121: 2104: 2087: 2070: 2053: 2046: 2029: 2012: 1995: 1978: 1961: 1954: 1937: 1920: 1903: 1886: 1869: 1852: 1835: 1818: 1801: 1784: 1777: 1770: 1741: 1724: 1717: 1710: 1657: 1604: 1587: 1580: 1563: 1556: 1539: 1532: 1506: 1489: 1482: 1475: 1465: 1403: 1386: 1379: 1362: 1355: 1338: 1331: 1305: 1288: 1281: 1274: 1248: 1231: 1224: 1214: 1204: 1152:theropods known from the 1125:and barbs, and thus that 305: 298: 280: 273: 145:Scientific classification 143: 135: 126: 34: 4335:in The Theropod Database 3749:(supplement to 3): 48A. 3656:Knight-Ridder Newspapers 2684:specimen GMV 2124 ( 1068:Hong Kong Science Museum 560:integumentary structures 468:was 15% longer than its 4296:10.1073/pnas.1011369108 3955:. Baltimore, Maryland: 3323:(supplement to 3): 80A. 3013:10.1139/cjes-38-12-1705 2854:Ji, Q.; Ji, S. (1996). 939:that the structures of 3844:10.1098/rspb.2007.0352 3567:Compsognathus longipes 3125:Guinness World Records 2648: 2057:Compsognathus longipes 1081: 1070: 969:fossils as remains of 962: 784: 710: 688:had feathers as well. 586: 551: 492:), compared to 40% in 429: 8668:Paleobiology Database 6936:Carcharodontosaurinae 6848:Carcharodontosauridae 4332:Sinosauropteryx prima 3768:Feduccia, A. (1999). 3481:Feduccia, A. (1999). 2984:Sinosauropteryx prima 2720:The same specimen of 2657:Sinosauropteryx prima 2633: 1099:, usually defined as 1076: 1065: 957: 912:Identity of filaments 854:Sinosauropteryx prima 789:Sinosauropteryx prima 782: 728:Sinosauropteryx prima 721:presentation for the 705: 584: 549: 427: 287:Sinosauropteryx prima 18:Sinosauropteryx prima 7929:Dubious coelurosaurs 6625:Metriacanthosaurinae 6593:Metriacanthosauridae 4875:Dubious neotheropods 4118:10.4435/BSPI.2024.08 4097:Cau, Andrea (2024). 4064:Paul, G. S. (2010). 3889:10.1038/news070521-6 3812:10.1093/icb/40.4.585 3416:(21): 3337–3343.e2. 3269:Weishampel, David B. 1113:, definition of the 1006:. The integument of 860: 2123 (and its 769:History of discovery 446:specimens, with the 8706:Feathered dinosaurs 6949:Carcharodontosaurus 6736:Carcharodontosauria 4287:2011PNAS..108.5179A 4163:2012PLoSO...736790S 4005:2017Palgy..60..409S 3925:on January 30, 2010 3838:(1620): 1823–1829. 3623:2006GeolJ..41..377Z 3531:2007AcGlS..81..177J 3422:2017CBio...27E3337S 3368:10.1038/nature08740 3360:2010Natur.463.1075Z 3354:(7284): 1075–1078. 3225:2018Palgy..61..273S 3183:1997Sci...278.1267R 3177:(5341): 1267–1270. 3005:2001CaJES..38.1705C 2938:1998Natur.391..147C 2829:Dinosaur coloration 2765:Jiufotang Formation 2108:Torvosaurus gurneyi 2091:Torvosaurus tanneri 949:Compsognathus prima 666:was, including the 542:Feathered dinosaurs 8421:Archaeornithomimus 6925:Veterupristisaurus 6785:Veterupristisaurus 6641:Metriacanthosaurus 6581:Piatnitzkysauridae 6016:Eustreptospondylus 5926:Piatnitzkysauridae 5809:Chuandongocoelurus 4673:Notatesseraeraptor 4014:10.1111/pala.12292 3799:American Zoologist 3694:American Zoologist 3611:Geological Journal 3233:10.1111/pala.12342 2649: 1907:Eustreptospondylus 1082: 1071: 963: 807:The New York Times 785: 711: 698:Animal colouration 672:oviraptorosaurians 668:deinonychosaurians 587: 552: 430: 8683: 8682: 8655:Open Tree of Life 8582:Taxon identifiers 8573: 8572: 8569: 8568: 8542: 8541: 8538: 8537: 8534: 8533: 8530: 8529: 8497: 8496: 8493: 8492: 8303:Macrocheiriformes 8220:Ornithomimosauria 8194:Maniraptoriformes 8187: 8186: 8033:Maniraptoromorpha 8020:Maniraptoromorpha 8009: 8008: 7975: 7974: 7971: 7970: 7967: 7966: 7920: 7919: 7916: 7915: 7898:Maniraptoromorpha 7888: 7887: 7884: 7883: 7880: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7872: 7871: 7620: 7619: 7485: 7484: 7439:Proceratosauridae 7391:Chingkankousaurus 7238: 7237: 7199: 7198: 7195: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7167: 7166: 7019: 7018: 7015: 7014: 7011: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7003: 7002: 6999: 6998: 6675: 6674: 6671: 6670: 6432: 6431: 6403: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6267: 6266: 6223:Vallibonavenatrix 6126: 6125: 6122: 6121: 5966: 5965: 5747: 5746: 5711: 5710: 5707: 5706: 5703: 5702: 5675: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5663: 5662: 5659: 5658: 5307: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5069: 5068: 4927: 4926: 4907: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4850: 4849: 4503: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4281:(13): 5179–5183. 4083:978-0-691-13720-9 3970:978-0-8018-6763-7 3779:978-0-300-07861-9 3605:Zhou, Z. (2006). 3492:978-0-300-07861-9 3294:978-0-520-24209-8 2781:sedimentary rocks 2694:and the third to 2566: 2565: 2557: 2556: 2548: 2547: 2539: 2538: 2530: 2529: 2521: 2520: 2512: 2511: 2416:Maniraptoromorpha 2267: 2266: 2258: 2257: 2249: 2248: 2240: 2239: 2231: 2230: 1756: 1755: 1688: 1687: 1679: 1678: 1670: 1669: 1660:Maniraptoriformes 1646: 1645: 1637: 1636: 1628: 1627: 1619: 1618: 1521: 1520: 1454: 1453: 1445: 1444: 1436: 1435: 1427: 1426: 1418: 1417: 1320: 1319: 1263: 1262: 676:therizinosauroids 635:Calcium phosphate 410:Liaoning Province 397:during the early 323: 322: 317: 293:Ji & Ji, 1996 254: 253:Ji & Ji, 1996 137:Holotype specimen 16:(Redirected from 8723: 8676: 8675: 8663: 8662: 8650: 8649: 8637: 8636: 8624: 8623: 8622: 8609: 8608: 8607: 8577: 8564: 8558: 8551: 8407:Aepyornithomimus 8308: 8225: 8200: 8164:Sinocalliopteryx 8084: 8080: 8074:Neocoelurosauria 8039: 8028: 8015: 8003: 7996: 7989: 7983: 7926: 7894: 7863:Zhuchengtyrannus 7779:Thanatotheristes 7710: 7674: 7641:Appalachiosaurus 7633: 7502: 7498: 7492:Pantyrannosauria 7383: 7379: 7373:Tyrannosauroidea 7368: 7343:Xinjiangovenator 7268: 7257: 7244: 7232: 7225: 7220: 7213: 7207: 7035: 7025: 6941: 6861:Acrocanthosaurus 6853: 6741: 6688: 6614:Yangchuanosaurus 6598: 6551: 6547: 6497: 6478:Lourinhanosaurus 6462: 6451: 6438: 6426: 6419: 6412: 6369: 6335:Sigilmassasaurus 6278: 6235:Ceratosuchopsini 6186: 6139: 6084:Dubreuillosaurus 6008: 5991:Streptospondylus 5983: 5979: 5949:Piatnitzkysaurus 5907: 5903: 5892: 5777: 5766: 5753: 5741: 5734: 5727: 5720: 5681: 5516:Ekrixinatosaurus 5500: 5491: 5320: 5135: 5086: 5082: 4995: 4991: 4957: 4946: 4933: 4922: 4916: 4826:Procompsognathus 4732: 4615: 4533: 4522: 4509: 4455: 4446: 4439: 4438: 4394: 4379: 4372: 4365: 4356: 4351: 4349:Dinosaurs portal 4346: 4345: 4344: 4319: 4318: 4308: 4298: 4266: 4260: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4239: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4184: 4174: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4132: 4126: 4120:. Archived from 4103: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4071: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4038: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4016: 3984: 3975: 3974: 3954: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3883:: news070521–6. 3872: 3866: 3865: 3855: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3709: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3671:Audubon Magazine 3666: 3660: 3659: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3634: 3617:(3–4): 377–393. 3602: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3560: 3551: 3550: 3510: 3497: 3496: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3463: 3454: 3453: 3443: 3433: 3397: 3388: 3387: 3345: 3336: 3325: 3324: 3308: 3299: 3298: 3282: 3264: 3255: 3254: 3244: 3210: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3156: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3132: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3100: 3082: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3023: 3017: 3016: 2990: 2977: 2958: 2957: 2923: 2914: 2875: 2874: 2864: 2851: 2793:flowering plants 2757:Yixian Formation 2686:Sinosauropteryx? 2602:Sinosauropteryx? 2431: 2409: 2339:Sinocalliopteryx 2316: 2284: 2199: 2141: 2049: 1957: 1856:Piatnitzkysaurus 1788:Streptospondylus 1780: 1773: 1720: 1713: 1703: 1583: 1559: 1535: 1493:Sinocalliopteryx 1485: 1478: 1468: 1382: 1358: 1334: 1284: 1277: 1227: 1217: 1211:Tyrannosauroidea 1207: 1197: 1158:Early Cretaceous 1090:Phylogenetically 936:Audubon Magazine 906:Early Cretaceous 886:Yixian Formation 841:Peter Wellnhofer 496:. Additionally, 406:Yixian Formation 383:has been named: 315: 289: 285: 252: 245: 232: 153: 152: 131: 121: 51: 42:Early Cretaceous 40:Temporal range: 32: 21: 8731: 8730: 8726: 8725: 8724: 8722: 8721: 8720: 8686: 8685: 8684: 8679: 8671: 8666: 8658: 8653: 8645: 8640: 8632: 8627: 8620:Sinosauropteryx 8618: 8617: 8612: 8603: 8602: 8597: 8590:Sinosauropteryx 8584: 8574: 8565: 8552: 8526: 8489: 8470:Sinornithomimus 8392: 8335: 8297: 8214: 8208:Compsognathidae 8196: 8183: 8171:Sinosauropteryx 8103:Compsognathidae 8097: 8076: 8067: 8035: 8022: 8005: 8004: 7990: 7963: 7958:Shanyangosaurus 7951:Phaedrolosaurus 7912: 7868: 7834: 7784: 7763:Daspletosaurini 7757: 7730: 7705:Tyrannosaurinae 7699: 7678:Albertosaurinae 7670: 7668:Tyrannosauridae 7661: 7629: 7627:Eutyrannosauria 7616: 7494: 7481: 7462:Proceratosaurus 7433: 7404: 7375: 7364: 7355: 7321:Richardoestesia 7305:Chilantaisaurus 7264: 7251: 7234: 7233: 7214: 7187: 7163: 7123:Australovenator 7101: 7095:Chilantaisaurus 7073:Phuwiangvenator 6995: 6960:Giganotosaurini 6954: 6930: 6842: 6805:Chilantaisaurus 6790: 6730: 6684: 6667: 6619: 6587: 6543: 6534: 6512:Monolophosaurus 6493: 6484: 6458: 6445: 6428: 6427: 6413: 6387: 6347: 6320: 6286:Camarillasaurus 6263: 6229: 6175: 6169:Ostafrikasaurus 6147:Camarillasaurus 6135: 6118: 6068:Afrovenatorinae 6062: 6021: 5997: 5975: 5962: 5920: 5899: 5897:Megalosauroidea 5888: 5879: 5874:Vectaerovenator 5867:Szechuanosaurus 5845:Monolophosaurus 5831:Kaijiangosaurus 5824:Cryolophosaurus 5785:Calamospondylus 5773: 5760: 5743: 5742: 5735: 5728: 5721: 5699: 5655: 5636:Pycnonemosaurus 5578: 5489: 5483:Majungasaurinae 5468: 5410:Majungasaurinae 5404: 5399:Xenotarsosaurus 5335:Dryptosauroides 5316: 5299: 5251: 5223:Elaphrosaurinae 5217: 5124: 5110:Ornithomimoides 5078: 5065: 5038: 4987: 4978: 4953: 4940: 4923: 4917: 4895: 4870: 4846: 4774: 4721: 4687:Shuangbaisaurus 4611: 4602: 4529: 4516: 4491: 4471: 4465:Avemetatarsalia 4450:Avemetatarsalia 4440: 4425:Avemetatarsalia 4399: 4398: 4388: 4383: 4347: 4342: 4340: 4327: 4322: 4268: 4267: 4263: 4250: 4246: 4237: 4235: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4203: 4202: 4198: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4101: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4084: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4047:Chinese Geology 4043:Sinosauropteryx 4040: 4039: 4032: 3986: 3985: 3978: 3971: 3943: 3942: 3938: 3928: 3926: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3901: 3899: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3792: 3791: 3787: 3780: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3739:Sinosauropteryx 3736: 3735: 3731: 3707:10.1.1.505.6483 3687: 3686: 3682: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3632:10.1002/gj.1045 3604: 3603: 3594: 3562: 3561: 3554: 3515:Sinosauropteryx 3512: 3511: 3500: 3493: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3465: 3464: 3457: 3410:Current Biology 3404:Sinosauropteryx 3399: 3398: 3391: 3343: 3338: 3337: 3328: 3313:Sinosauropteryx 3310: 3309: 3302: 3295: 3266: 3265: 3258: 3208: 3203: 3202: 3198: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3154: 3152: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3130: 3128: 3119: 3118: 3114: 3073:(5): e1001853. 3060: 3059: 3055: 3025: 3024: 3020: 2988: 2979: 2978: 2961: 2921: 2916: 2915: 2878: 2867:Chinese Geology 2862: 2858:Sinosauropteryx 2853: 2852: 2841: 2837: 2825: 2753:Sinosauropteryx 2750: 2735:Sinosauropteryx 2718: 2710:Sinosauropteryx 2702:Zhangheotherium 2691:Zhangheotherium 2682:Sinosauropteryx 2675:Sinosauropteryx 2661:Sinosauropteryx 2636:Sinosauropteryx 2634:Restoration of 2628: 2623: 2614:Sinosauropteryx 2610: 2587:Sinosauropteryx 2571:Sinosauropteryx 2567: 2558: 2549: 2540: 2531: 2522: 2513: 2502:Eutyrannosauria 2323:Sinosauropteryx 2268: 2259: 2250: 2241: 2232: 1757: 1697:Sinosauropteryx 1689: 1680: 1671: 1647: 1638: 1629: 1620: 1543:Sinosauropteryx 1522: 1472:Compsognathidae 1455: 1446: 1437: 1428: 1419: 1321: 1264: 1187:Sinosauropteryx 1162:Sinosauropteryx 1146:Compsognathidae 1139:Sinosauropteryx 1127:Sinosauropteryx 1119:Sinosauropteryx 1107:Sinosauropteryx 1086:Sinosauropteryx 1079:Sinosauropteryx 1060: 1052:Sinosauropteryx 1047:Sinosauropteryx 1025:Sinosauropteryx 1021:Sinosauropteryx 1008:Sinosauropteryx 996:Gregory S. Paul 976:Sinosauropteryx 967:Sinosauropteryx 941:Sinosauropteryx 927:Sinosauropteryx 918:Sinosauropteryx 914: 856:: the holotype 815:Sinosauropteryx 777: 775:Origin of birds 771: 763:Sinosauropteryx 759:Sinosauropteryx 753:like that of a 751:Sinosauropteryx 747:Sinosauropteryx 718:Sinosauropteryx 714:Sinosauropteryx 700: 694: 664:Sinosauropteryx 646:Sinosauropteryx 639:Sinosauropteryx 610:) with thinner 600:shoulder blades 556:Sinosauropteryx 544: 538: 498:Sinosauropteryx 478:Sinosauropteryx 466:Sinosauropteryx 458:Sinosauropteryx 433:Sinosauropteryx 422: 391:Sinosauropteryx 381:Sinosauropteryx 362:Sinosauropteryx 351:Sinosauropteryx 327:Sinosauropteryx 314: 294: 291: 283: 282: 269: 251: 248:Sinosauropteryx 243: 234:Compsognathidae 230: 147: 122: 120: 119: 118: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 47:124.6–122 46: 45: 38: 36:Sinosauropteryx 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8729: 8727: 8719: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8696:Compsognathids 8688: 8687: 8681: 8680: 8678: 8677: 8664: 8651: 8638: 8625: 8610: 8594: 8592: 8586: 8585: 8580: 8571: 8570: 8567: 8566: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8532: 8531: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8523: 8522: 8516: 8507: 8505: 8499: 8498: 8495: 8494: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8487: 8480: 8473: 8466: 8459: 8452: 8445: 8438: 8435:Dromiceiomimus 8431: 8424: 8417: 8410: 8402: 8400: 8398:Ornithomimidae 8394: 8393: 8391: 8390: 8383: 8379:Paraxenisaurus 8375: 8367: 8360: 8353: 8345: 8343: 8341:Deinocheiridae 8337: 8336: 8334: 8333: 8330:Shenzhousaurus 8326: 8319: 8311: 8305: 8299: 8298: 8296: 8295: 8288: 8280: 8273: 8266: 8259: 8252: 8244: 8236: 8228: 8222: 8216: 8215: 8213: 8212: 8203: 8197: 8192: 8189: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8181: 8174: 8167: 8160: 8152: 8145: 8138: 8131: 8127:Beipiaognathus 8123: 8116: 8107: 8105: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8095: 8087: 8077: 8072: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8065: 8058: 8051: 8042: 8036: 8031: 8024: 8023: 8018: 8011: 8010: 8007: 8006: 7998: 7984: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7972: 7969: 7968: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7961: 7954: 7947: 7940: 7932: 7930: 7922: 7921: 7918: 7917: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7910: 7909: 7908: 7902: 7900: 7890: 7889: 7886: 7885: 7882: 7881: 7878: 7877: 7874: 7873: 7870: 7869: 7867: 7866: 7859: 7852: 7844: 7842: 7840:Tyrannosaurini 7836: 7835: 7833: 7832: 7825: 7818: 7810: 7803: 7799:Bistahieversor 7794: 7792: 7790:Teratophoneini 7786: 7785: 7783: 7782: 7775: 7772:Daspletosaurus 7767: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7755: 7752:Qianzhousaurus 7748: 7740: 7738: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7728: 7721: 7713: 7707: 7701: 7700: 7698: 7697: 7690: 7682: 7680: 7671: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7659: 7652: 7648:Bistahieversor 7644: 7636: 7630: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7618: 7617: 7615: 7614: 7606: 7599: 7592: 7584: 7577: 7570: 7563: 7556: 7549: 7542: 7535: 7528: 7520: 7513: 7505: 7495: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7479: 7472: 7465: 7458: 7451: 7443: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7431: 7423: 7415: 7413: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7402: 7394: 7386: 7376: 7371: 7365: 7362:Tyrannoraptora 7360: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7353: 7346: 7339: 7332: 7324: 7317: 7309: 7301: 7294: 7286: 7279: 7271: 7265: 7260: 7253: 7252: 7247: 7240: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7227: 7208: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7184: 7183: 7177: 7175: 7169: 7168: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7161: 7154: 7147: 7140: 7133: 7126: 7119: 7111: 7109: 7107:Megaraptoridae 7103: 7102: 7100: 7099: 7091: 7083: 7076: 7069: 7062: 7054: 7046: 7038: 7032: 7021: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7013: 7012: 7009: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6993: 6986: 6979: 6972: 6969:Giganotosaurus 6964: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6952: 6944: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6921: 6914: 6907: 6900: 6893: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6864: 6856: 6850: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6840: 6832: 6824: 6817: 6809: 6800: 6798: 6796:Neovenatoridae 6792: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6781: 6778:Ulughbegsaurus 6774: 6766: 6759: 6752: 6744: 6738: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6728: 6720: 6712: 6704: 6696: 6694: 6685: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6665: 6658: 6651: 6644: 6637: 6629: 6627: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6617: 6610: 6606:Xuanhanosaurus 6601: 6595: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6577: 6573:Xuanhanosaurus 6569: 6562: 6559:Asfaltovenator 6554: 6544: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6532: 6524: 6520:Megalosauridae 6516: 6508: 6500: 6494: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6482: 6474: 6465: 6459: 6454: 6447: 6446: 6441: 6434: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6421: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6377: 6375: 6365: 6364: 6361: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6345: 6338: 6330: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6311: 6304: 6297: 6294:Ichthyovenator 6290: 6281: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6261: 6254: 6247: 6239: 6237: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6227: 6219: 6211: 6204: 6197: 6189: 6183: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6165: 6158: 6155:Cristatusaurus 6151: 6142: 6136: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6124: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6112:Poekilopleuron 6108: 6105:Piveteausaurus 6101: 6094: 6087: 6080: 6072: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6060: 6053: 6046: 6039: 6031: 6029: 6027:Megalosaurinae 6023: 6022: 6020: 6019: 6011: 6005: 6003:Megalosauridae 5999: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5986: 5976: 5971: 5968: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5960: 5956:Xuanhanosaurus 5952: 5945: 5938: 5930: 5928: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5915:Yunyangosaurus 5910: 5900: 5895: 5889: 5884: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5870: 5863: 5855: 5852:Pandoravenator 5848: 5841: 5838:Kayentavenator 5834: 5827: 5820: 5812: 5805: 5797: 5789: 5780: 5774: 5769: 5762: 5761: 5756: 5749: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5736: 5729: 5722: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5689: 5687: 5677: 5676: 5673: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5646: 5639: 5632: 5625: 5617: 5610: 5603: 5596: 5588: 5586: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5569: 5566:Skorpiovenator 5562: 5554: 5547: 5540: 5533: 5526: 5519: 5512: 5503: 5497: 5488: 5487: 5478: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5459: 5451: 5444: 5437: 5430: 5422: 5414: 5412: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5402: 5395: 5388: 5381: 5378:Spectrovenator 5374: 5367: 5360: 5353: 5346: 5339: 5331: 5323: 5317: 5312: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5290: 5283: 5276: 5269: 5261: 5259: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5249: 5242: 5235: 5227: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5212:Spinostropheus 5208: 5201: 5194: 5186: 5178: 5170: 5162: 5155: 5147: 5138: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5114: 5106: 5098: 5089: 5079: 5076:Abelisauroidea 5074: 5071: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5056: 5048: 5046: 5044:Ceratosauridae 5040: 5039: 5037: 5036: 5033:Saltriovenator 5029: 5021: 5014: 5010:Fosterovenator 5006: 4998: 4988: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4976: 4972:Lophostropheus 4968: 4960: 4954: 4949: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4929: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4893: 4886: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4860: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4844: 4837: 4833:Pterospondylus 4829: 4822: 4814: 4806: 4803:Lucianovenator 4799: 4792: 4784: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4772: 4765: 4758: 4751: 4744: 4735: 4729: 4727:Coelophysoidea 4723: 4722: 4720: 4719: 4712: 4704: 4697: 4690: 4683: 4676: 4669: 4666:Lophostropheus 4662: 4655: 4648: 4641: 4634: 4626: 4618: 4612: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4600: 4592: 4584: 4576: 4568: 4565:Erythrovenator 4561: 4553: 4545: 4536: 4530: 4525: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4505: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4481: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4469: 4468: 4467: 4458: 4452: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4436: 4427: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4397: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4382: 4381: 4374: 4367: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4337: 4336: 4326: 4325:External links 4323: 4321: 4320: 4261: 4244: 4219: 4196: 4137: 4089: 4082: 4056: 4030: 3999:(3): 409–422. 3976: 3969: 3936: 3909: 3867: 3818: 3805:(4): 585–596. 3785: 3778: 3760: 3729: 3700:(4): 687–694. 3680: 3661: 3646: 3592: 3579:(4): 569–581. 3552: 3525:(2): 177–182. 3498: 3491: 3473: 3468:New York Times 3455: 3389: 3326: 3300: 3293: 3279:The Dinosauria 3256: 3219:(2): 273–288. 3196: 3161: 3137: 3112: 3053: 3034:(1): 108–115. 3018: 2999:(1): 705–727. 2959: 2932:(8): 147–152. 2876: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2831: 2824: 2821: 2769:volcanic rocks 2749: 2746: 2717: 2714: 2671:Dalinghosaurus 2666:Dalinghosaurus 2641:Dalinghosaurus 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2609: 2606: 2564: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2403:Tyrannoraptora 2399: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2377: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2319: 2314: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2287: 2282: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2202: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2144: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2096: 2095: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2021: 2020: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2004: 2003: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1941:Asfaltovenator 1936: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1911: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1839:Piveteausaurus 1834: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1826: 1822:Poekilopleuron 1817: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1805:Xuanhanosaurus 1800: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1792: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1711: 1709: 1701: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1476: 1474: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1390:Daspletosaurus 1385: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1337: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1215: 1213: 1205: 1203: 1195: 1180:Compsognathids 1175:Composognathus 1166:Compsognathids 1150:coelurosaurian 1088:to be a bird. 1059: 1058:Classification 1056: 1016:Stenopterygius 913: 910: 770: 767: 693: 690: 618:Confuciusornis 537: 534: 530:hepatic piston 421: 418: 321: 320: 319: 318: 303: 302: 296: 295: 292: 278: 277: 271: 270: 262: 260: 256: 255: 241: 237: 236: 228: 224: 223: 218: 211: 210: 205: 198: 197: 192: 185: 184: 179: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 141: 140: 133: 132: 124: 123: 115: 114: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 52: 39: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8728: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8693: 8691: 8674: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8656: 8652: 8648: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8630: 8626: 8621: 8615: 8611: 8606: 8600: 8596: 8595: 8593: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8578: 8563: 8559: 8557: 8550: 8521: 8517: 8515: 8511: 8510: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8504: 8500: 8486: 8485: 8481: 8479: 8478: 8477:Struthiomimus 8474: 8472: 8471: 8467: 8465: 8464: 8460: 8458: 8457: 8453: 8451: 8450: 8446: 8444: 8443: 8439: 8437: 8436: 8432: 8430: 8429: 8428:"Coelosaurus" 8425: 8423: 8422: 8418: 8416: 8415: 8411: 8409: 8408: 8404: 8403: 8401: 8399: 8395: 8389: 8388: 8384: 8381: 8380: 8376: 8373: 8372: 8368: 8366: 8365: 8361: 8359: 8358: 8354: 8352: 8351: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8342: 8338: 8332: 8331: 8327: 8325: 8324: 8323:Pelecanimimus 8320: 8318: 8317: 8313: 8312: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8284:Thecocoelurus 8281: 8279: 8278: 8274: 8272: 8271: 8267: 8265: 8264: 8263:Kinnareemimus 8260: 8258: 8257: 8253: 8250: 8249: 8245: 8242: 8241: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8230: 8229: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8217: 8210: 8209: 8205: 8204: 8201: 8198: 8195: 8190: 8180: 8179: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8168: 8166: 8165: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8153: 8151: 8150: 8146: 8144: 8143: 8142:Huaxiagnathus 8139: 8137: 8136: 8135:Compsognathus 8132: 8129: 8128: 8124: 8122: 8121: 8117: 8114: 8113: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8104: 8100: 8094: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8085: 8081: 8078: 8075: 8070: 8064: 8063: 8062:Ornitholestes 8059: 8057: 8056: 8052: 8049: 8048: 8044: 8043: 8040: 8037: 8034: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8016: 8012: 8002: 7997: 7995: 7988: 7982: 7960: 7959: 7955: 7953: 7952: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7941: 7939: 7938: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7906: 7905: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7895: 7891: 7865: 7864: 7860: 7858: 7857: 7856:Tyrannosaurus 7853: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7837: 7831: 7830: 7829:Teratophoneus 7826: 7824: 7823: 7819: 7816: 7815: 7811: 7809: 7808: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7776: 7774: 7773: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7760: 7754: 7753: 7749: 7747: 7746: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7733: 7727: 7726: 7722: 7720: 7719: 7715: 7714: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7702: 7696: 7695: 7691: 7689: 7688: 7687:Albertosaurus 7684: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7675: 7672: 7669: 7664: 7658: 7657: 7653: 7650: 7649: 7645: 7643: 7642: 7638: 7637: 7634: 7631: 7628: 7623: 7612: 7611: 7607: 7605: 7604: 7603:Xiongguanlong 7600: 7598: 7597: 7593: 7590: 7589: 7585: 7583: 7582: 7581:Suskityrannus 7578: 7576: 7575: 7574:Stokesosaurus 7571: 7569: 7568: 7567:Santanaraptor 7564: 7562: 7561: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7543: 7541: 7540: 7536: 7534: 7533: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7521: 7519: 7518: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7510:Alectrosaurus 7507: 7506: 7503: 7499: 7496: 7493: 7488: 7478: 7477: 7473: 7471: 7470: 7466: 7464: 7463: 7459: 7457: 7456: 7452: 7450: 7449: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7436: 7429: 7428: 7427:Tanycolagreus 7424: 7422: 7421: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7407: 7400: 7399: 7395: 7393: 7392: 7388: 7387: 7384: 7380: 7377: 7374: 7369: 7366: 7363: 7358: 7352: 7351: 7347: 7345: 7344: 7340: 7338: 7337: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7325: 7323: 7322: 7318: 7315: 7314: 7310: 7307: 7306: 7302: 7300: 7299: 7295: 7292: 7291: 7290:Bahariasaurus 7287: 7285: 7284: 7280: 7278: 7277: 7273: 7272: 7269: 7266: 7263: 7262:Coelurosauria 7258: 7254: 7250: 7249:Coelurosauria 7245: 7241: 7231: 7226: 7224: 7219: 7212: 7206: 7181: 7180: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7173:Coelurosauria 7170: 7160: 7159: 7155: 7153: 7152: 7148: 7146: 7145: 7141: 7139: 7138: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7127: 7125: 7124: 7120: 7118: 7117: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7104: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7084: 7082: 7081: 7077: 7075: 7074: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7055: 7052: 7051: 7050:Bahariasaurus 7047: 7045: 7044: 7040: 7039: 7036: 7033: 7030: 7026: 7022: 6992: 6991: 6987: 6985: 6984: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6973: 6971: 6970: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6957: 6951: 6950: 6946: 6945: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6922: 6920: 6919: 6915: 6913: 6912: 6908: 6906: 6905: 6901: 6899: 6898: 6894: 6892: 6891: 6890:Kelmayisaurus 6887: 6885: 6884: 6880: 6878: 6877: 6873: 6870: 6869: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6845: 6838: 6837: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6793: 6787: 6786: 6782: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6767: 6765: 6764: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6753: 6751: 6750: 6746: 6745: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6733: 6726: 6725: 6724:Saurophaganax 6721: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6710: 6709: 6705: 6703: 6702: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6693: 6689: 6686: 6683: 6678: 6664: 6663: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6655:Siamotyrannus 6652: 6650: 6649: 6645: 6643: 6642: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6603: 6602: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6590: 6583: 6582: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6563: 6561: 6560: 6556: 6555: 6552: 6548: 6545: 6542: 6541:Allosauroidea 6537: 6530: 6529: 6528:Spinosauridae 6525: 6522: 6521: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6509: 6507: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6487: 6480: 6479: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6439: 6435: 6425: 6420: 6418: 6411: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6344: 6343: 6339: 6337: 6336: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6323: 6317: 6316: 6312: 6310: 6309: 6305: 6303: 6302: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6283: 6282: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6273:Spinosaurinae 6270: 6260: 6259: 6255: 6253: 6252: 6251:Riparovenator 6248: 6246: 6245: 6244:Ceratosuchops 6241: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6232: 6225: 6224: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6212: 6210: 6209: 6208:Riojavenatrix 6205: 6203: 6202: 6198: 6196: 6195: 6191: 6190: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6181:Baryonychinae 6178: 6171: 6170: 6166: 6164: 6163: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6133:Spinosauridae 6129: 6114: 6113: 6109: 6107: 6106: 6102: 6100: 6099: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6081: 6079: 6078: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6057:Wiehenvenator 6054: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6013: 6012: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5993: 5992: 5988: 5987: 5984: 5980: 5977: 5974: 5969: 5958: 5957: 5953: 5951: 5950: 5946: 5944: 5943: 5939: 5937: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5923: 5917: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5908: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5871: 5869: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5849: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5835: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5793:Chienkosaurus 5790: 5787: 5786: 5782: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5754: 5750: 5740: 5733: 5726: 5719: 5693: 5692: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5638: 5637: 5633: 5631: 5630: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5616: 5615: 5611: 5609: 5608: 5604: 5602: 5601: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5584:Furileusauria 5581: 5575: 5574: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5558:Rahiolisaurus 5555: 5553: 5552: 5548: 5546: 5545: 5541: 5539: 5538: 5534: 5532: 5531: 5527: 5525: 5524: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5505: 5504: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5485: 5484: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5474:Carnotaurinae 5471: 5465: 5464: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5455:Rahiolisaurus 5452: 5450: 5449: 5448:Majungasaurus 5445: 5443: 5442: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5423: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5389: 5387: 5386: 5385:Tarascosaurus 5382: 5380: 5379: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5366: 5365: 5361: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5352: 5351: 5347: 5345: 5344: 5343:Eoabelisaurus 5340: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5328:Chenanisaurus 5325: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5314:Abelisauridae 5310: 5296: 5295: 5291: 5289: 5288: 5284: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5275: 5274: 5273:Masiakasaurus 5270: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5239:Huinculsaurus 5236: 5234: 5233: 5232:Elaphrosaurus 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5220: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5151:Austrocheirus 5148: 5145: 5144: 5140: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5090: 5087: 5083: 5080: 5077: 5072: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5022: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5007: 5005: 5004: 5003:Berberosaurus 5000: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4981: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4934: 4930: 4921: 4915: 4892: 4891: 4890:Halticosaurus 4887: 4885: 4884: 4883:Teinurosaurus 4880: 4879: 4877: 4873: 4864: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4843: 4842: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4810:Megapnosaurus 4807: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4798: 4797: 4793: 4791: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4780:Coelophysidae 4777: 4771: 4770: 4769:Powellvenator 4766: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4741: 4737: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4689: 4688: 4684: 4682: 4681: 4677: 4675: 4674: 4670: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4659:Liliensternus 4656: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4630:Dolichosuchus 4627: 4625: 4624: 4623:Dilophosaurus 4620: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4605: 4598: 4597: 4596:Herrerasauria 4593: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4569: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4559: 4558: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4549:Daemonosaurus 4546: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4485: 4484: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4466: 4462: 4461: 4460: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4435: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4411: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4380: 4375: 4373: 4368: 4366: 4361: 4360: 4357: 4350: 4339: 4334: 4333: 4329: 4328: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4265: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4248: 4245: 4234: 4230: 4223: 4220: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4200: 4197: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4157:(5): e36790. 4156: 4152: 4148: 4141: 4138: 4127:on 2024-04-27 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4090: 4085: 4079: 4075: 4070: 4069: 4060: 4057: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3993:Palaeontology 3990: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3937: 3924: 3920: 3913: 3910: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3871: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3822: 3819: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3789: 3786: 3781: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3733: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3684: 3681: 3676: 3672: 3665: 3662: 3657: 3650: 3647: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3568: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3488: 3484: 3477: 3474: 3469: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3451: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3405: 3396: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3342: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3296: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3280: 3274: 3273:Dodson, Peter 3270: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3213:Palaeontology 3207: 3200: 3197: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3165: 3162: 3151: 3150:www.tynhm.com 3147: 3141: 3138: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3113: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3057: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3022: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2987: 2985: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2946:10.1038/34356 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2920: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2873:(233): 30–33. 2872: 2868: 2861: 2859: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2748:Palaeoecology 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2680:The possible 2678: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2647: 2643: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2625: 2621:Palaeobiology 2620: 2618: 2615: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2562: 2561: 2553: 2552: 2544: 2543: 2535: 2534: 2526: 2525: 2517: 2516: 2508: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2470: 2469:Stokesosaurus 2463: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2453: 2452:Tanycolagreus 2446: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2433: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2384: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2374: 2373:Huaxiagnathus 2367: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2340: 2333: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2325: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2311: 2310:Coelurosauria 2308: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2297: 2292: 2291:Allosauroidea 2286: 2285: 2279: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2263: 2262: 2254: 2253: 2245: 2244: 2236: 2235: 2227: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2221:Spinosaurinae 2216: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2206:Baryonychinae 2201: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2177: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2166:Wiehenvenator 2160: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2152: 2151: 2150: 2143: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2119: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2051: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2027: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2002: 2001: 2000: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1959: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1942: 1935: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1925: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1908: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1833: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1782: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1768: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1745:Siamotyrannus 1739: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1722: 1721: 1715: 1714: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1700: 1698: 1695:(2024), with 1694: 1684: 1683: 1675: 1674: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1642: 1641: 1633: 1632: 1624: 1623: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1585: 1584: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1567:Compsognathus 1561: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1537: 1536: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1510:Huaxiagnathus 1504: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1487: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1450: 1449: 1441: 1440: 1432: 1431: 1423: 1422: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1407:Tyrannosaurus 1401: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1384: 1383: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1360: 1359: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1343: 1336: 1335: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1316: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1310: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1286: 1285: 1279: 1278: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1252:Tanycolagreus 1246: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1229: 1228: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1202: 1201:Coelurosauria 1199: 1198: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1170:Coelurosauria 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1154:Late Jurassic 1151: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1080: 1075: 1069: 1064: 1057: 1055: 1054:photographs. 1053: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1000: 997: 992: 987: 985: 981: 977: 972: 968: 961: 956: 952: 950: 946: 945:Compsognathus 942: 938: 937: 932: 931:Alan Feduccia 928: 924: 919: 911: 909: 907: 904:stage of the 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 850: 848: 847: 846:Archaeopteryx 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 821: 820: 816: 812: 808: 803: 799: 795: 790: 781: 776: 768: 766: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 735: 733: 732:countershaded 729: 724: 719: 715: 709: 704: 699: 691: 689: 687: 686: 685:Compsognathus 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 660:Archaeopteryx 657: 653: 652: 651:Archaeopteryx 647: 642: 640: 636: 632: 628: 622: 620: 619: 613: 609: 603: 601: 595: 593: 583: 579: 577: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 548: 543: 535: 533: 531: 527: 523: 518: 516: 512: 508: 503: 499: 495: 494:Compsognathus 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 474:Compsognathus 471: 467: 463: 462:Compsognathus 459: 455: 452: 449: 445: 441: 438: 434: 426: 419: 417: 415: 411: 407: 403: 400: 396: 392: 388: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 369: 368:Compsognathus 363: 359: 357: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 333: 332:compsognathid 329: 328: 313: 311: 310:Compsognathus 307: 306: 304: 301: 297: 290: 288: 279: 276: 275:Binomial name 272: 268: 267: 266:S. prima 261: 258: 257: 250: 249: 242: 239: 238: 235: 229: 226: 225: 222: 219: 216: 213: 212: 209: 206: 203: 200: 199: 196: 193: 190: 187: 186: 183: 180: 177: 176: 173: 170: 167: 166: 163: 160: 157: 156: 151: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 125: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 50: 43: 37: 33: 30: 19: 8716:Yixian fauna 8589: 8553: 8482: 8475: 8468: 8461: 8454: 8449:Ornithomimus 8447: 8440: 8433: 8426: 8419: 8412: 8405: 8387:Tyrannomimus 8385: 8377: 8369: 8362: 8357:Deinocheirus 8355: 8348: 8328: 8321: 8314: 8290: 8282: 8277:Nqwebasaurus 8275: 8270:Nedcolbertia 8268: 8261: 8254: 8248:Calamosaurus 8246: 8240:Aviatyrannis 8238: 8231: 8206: 8176: 8170: 8169: 8162: 8154: 8147: 8140: 8133: 8125: 8120:Aristosuchus 8118: 8112:Aniksosaurus 8110: 8092:Aniksosaurus 8090: 8060: 8053: 8045: 7991: 7956: 7949: 7942: 7935: 7861: 7854: 7847: 7827: 7820: 7812: 7807:Dynamoterror 7805: 7797: 7777: 7770: 7750: 7743: 7723: 7718:Asiatyrannus 7716: 7692: 7685: 7656:Dryptosaurus 7654: 7646: 7639: 7608: 7601: 7594: 7586: 7579: 7572: 7565: 7558: 7551: 7546:Jinbeisaurus 7544: 7537: 7530: 7522: 7517:Aviatyrannis 7515: 7508: 7474: 7469:Sinotyrannus 7467: 7460: 7453: 7446: 7425: 7418: 7396: 7389: 7348: 7341: 7334: 7326: 7319: 7311: 7303: 7298:Bicentenaria 7296: 7288: 7283:Asiamericana 7281: 7274: 7215: 7156: 7149: 7142: 7135: 7128: 7121: 7114: 7093: 7085: 7078: 7071: 7064: 7058:Deltadromeus 7056: 7048: 7041: 6990:Tyrannotitan 6988: 6981: 6974: 6967: 6947: 6923: 6918:Taurovenator 6916: 6909: 6902: 6897:Lajasvenator 6895: 6888: 6881: 6876:Concavenator 6874: 6866: 6859: 6834: 6826: 6819: 6811: 6803: 6783: 6776: 6768: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6722: 6714: 6706: 6699: 6692:Allosauridae 6660: 6653: 6648:Shidaisaurus 6646: 6639: 6632: 6612: 6604: 6579: 6571: 6564: 6557: 6526: 6518: 6510: 6503: 6476: 6468: 6456:Avetheropoda 6443:Avetheropoda 6414: 6373:Avetheropoda 6340: 6333: 6326:Spinosaurini 6313: 6306: 6299: 6292: 6284: 6256: 6249: 6242: 6221: 6213: 6206: 6201:Protathlitis 6199: 6192: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6145: 6110: 6103: 6096: 6091:Leshansaurus 6089: 6082: 6075: 6055: 6048: 6043:Megalosaurus 6041: 6036:Duriavenator 6034: 6014: 5989: 5973:Megalosauria 5954: 5947: 5942:Marshosaurus 5940: 5935:Condorraptor 5933: 5913: 5872: 5865: 5857: 5850: 5843: 5836: 5829: 5822: 5816:Cruxicheiros 5814: 5807: 5799: 5791: 5783: 5648: 5643:Quilmesaurus 5641: 5634: 5627: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5598: 5591: 5571: 5564: 5556: 5549: 5542: 5535: 5528: 5521: 5514: 5506: 5495:Brachyrostra 5481: 5461: 5453: 5446: 5439: 5432: 5424: 5417: 5397: 5392:Tralkasaurus 5390: 5383: 5376: 5369: 5362: 5355: 5348: 5341: 5333: 5326: 5294:Vespersaurus 5292: 5287:Velocisaurus 5285: 5278: 5271: 5264: 5244: 5237: 5230: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5188: 5182:Deltadromeus 5180: 5172: 5166:Compsosuchus 5164: 5157: 5149: 5141: 5116: 5108: 5102:Lametasaurus 5100: 5092: 5058: 5053:Ceratosaurus 5051: 5031: 5023: 5016: 5008: 5001: 4985:Ceratosauria 4970: 4963: 4888: 4881: 4839: 4831: 4824: 4816: 4808: 4801: 4794: 4787: 4767: 4762:Podokesaurus 4760: 4753: 4746: 4738: 4714: 4706: 4699: 4692: 4685: 4678: 4671: 4664: 4657: 4650: 4645:Gojirasaurus 4643: 4638:Dracovenator 4636: 4628: 4621: 4609:Neotheropoda 4594: 4586: 4578: 4572:Guaibasaurus 4570: 4563: 4555: 4547: 4541:Chindesaurus 4539: 4429: 4420: 4331: 4278: 4274: 4264: 4256: 4247: 4236:. 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Retrieved 3127:. 2009-01-02 3124: 3115: 3070: 3067:PLOS Biology 3066: 3056: 3031: 3027: 3021: 2996: 2992: 2983: 2982:"Anatomy of 2929: 2925: 2870: 2866: 2857: 2752: 2751: 2743: 2734: 2721: 2719: 2716:Reproduction 2709: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2650: 2646:Bob Nicholls 2639: 2635: 2613: 2611: 2601: 2594:carnosaurian 2586: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2568: 2500: 2484: 2483: 2467: 2466: 2450: 2449: 2436: 2414: 2388: 2387: 2371: 2370: 2354: 2353: 2337: 2336: 2322: 2321: 2294: 2289: 2278:Avetheropoda 2219: 2204: 2181: 2180: 2164: 2163: 2147: 2146: 2125:Megalosaurus 2123: 2122: 2106: 2105: 2089: 2088: 2072: 2071: 2055: 2054: 2031: 2030: 2016:Duriavenator 2014: 2013: 1997: 1996: 1982:Nedcolbertia 1980: 1979: 1963: 1962: 1939: 1938: 1924:Condorraptor 1922: 1921: 1905: 1904: 1890:Leshansaurus 1888: 1887: 1873:Marshosaurus 1871: 1870: 1854: 1853: 1837: 1836: 1820: 1819: 1803: 1802: 1786: 1785: 1743: 1742: 1726: 1725: 1696: 1692: 1690: 1658: 1606: 1605: 1589: 1588: 1565: 1564: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1508: 1507: 1491: 1490: 1405: 1404: 1388: 1387: 1364: 1363: 1340: 1339: 1307: 1306: 1290: 1289: 1250: 1249: 1233: 1232: 1190: 1186: 1184: 1173: 1161: 1138: 1126: 1118: 1106: 1100: 1085: 1083: 1078: 1051: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1034: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1014: 1007: 1003: 1001: 988: 978:is the most 975: 966: 964: 948: 944: 940: 934: 926: 917: 915: 877: 862:counter slab 853: 851: 844: 837:Larry Martin 822: 818: 814: 806: 788: 786: 762: 758: 750: 746: 738: 736: 727: 717: 713: 712: 683: 663: 659: 649: 645: 643: 638: 626: 623: 616: 611: 607: 604: 596: 588: 578:structures. 576:subcutaneous 572: 555: 553: 519: 497: 493: 477: 473: 472:, unlike in 465: 461: 457: 456: 453: 435:was a small 432: 431: 390: 389: 384: 380: 366: 361: 360: 350: 326: 325: 324: 308: 286: 281: 265: 264: 247: 246: 214: 201: 188: 35: 29: 8614:Wikispecies 8514:Maniraptora 8503:Maniraptora 8484:Tototlmimus 8414:Anserimimus 8364:Garudimimus 8350:Beishanlong 8292:Valdoraptor 8233:Arkansaurus 8178:Xunmenglong 8055:Juravenator 7849:Tarbosaurus 7725:Nanuqsaurus 7694:Gorgosaurus 7610:Megaraptora 7596:Timurlengia 7328:Sciurumimus 7276:Aratasaurus 7144:Murusraptor 7066:Fukuiraptor 7029:Megaraptora 6911:Shaochilong 6883:Eocarcharia 6836:Megaraptora 6756:Lusovenator 6634:Alpkarakush 6491:Carnosauria 6342:Spinosaurus 6315:Siamosaurus 6215:Suchosaurus 6162:Iberospinus 6098:Magnosaurus 6077:Afrovenator 6050:Torvosaurus 5801:Chilesaurus 5614:Carnotaurus 5607:Caletodraco 5593:Abelisaurus 5419:Arcovenator 5266:Laevisuchus 5257:Noasaurinae 5159:Berthasaura 5130:Noasauridae 5060:Genyodectes 5025:Lukousaurus 5018:Jubbulpuria 4818:Panguraptor 4796:Coelophysis 4789:Camposaurus 4748:Panguraptor 4740:Dracoraptor 4716:Zupaysaurus 4701:Tachiraptor 4680:Sarcosaurus 4580:Nhandumirim 4112:(1): 1-19. 4045:research". 3881:News@nature 3677:(2): 36–45. 2761:Jehol Biota 2638:preying on 2296:Juravenator 2183:Iberospinus 2033:Afrovenator 1999:Magnosaurus 1965:Sciurumimus 1591:Juravenator 1366:Gorgosaurus 1012:ichthyosaur 896:regions of 833:John Ostrom 802:Phil Currie 743:melanosomes 708:melanosomes 692:Colouration 526:crocodilian 511:premaxillae 470:thigh bones 420:Description 414:Jehol Biota 8690:Categories 8442:Gallimimus 8371:Harpymimus 8316:Harpymimus 7937:Iliosuchus 7907:see below↓ 7736:Alioramini 7553:Juratyrant 7539:Eotyrannus 7524:Bagaraatan 7476:Yutyrannus 7410:Coeluridae 7336:Vayuraptor 7182:see below↓ 7158:Tratayenia 7151:Orkoraptor 7137:Megaraptor 7043:Aoniraptor 6976:Mapusaurus 6904:Sauroniops 6868:Altispinax 6821:Neovenator 6763:Siamraptor 6749:Datanglong 6716:Epanterias 6708:Antrodemus 6701:Allosaurus 6682:Allosauria 6505:Altispinax 6470:Gasosaurus 6382:see below↓ 6258:Suchomimus 5859:Sinosaurus 5694:see below↓ 5650:Viavenator 5600:Aucasaurus 5537:Ilokelesia 5508:Dahalokely 5463:Rajasaurus 5441:Indosaurus 5434:Genusaurus 5426:Dahalokely 5350:Indosuchus 5246:Limusaurus 5205:Ligabueino 5198:Kiyacursor 5190:Genusaurus 5174:Dahalokely 5094:Betasuchus 4965:Dornraptor 4865:see below↓ 4841:Segisaurus 4694:Sinosaurus 4557:Eodromaeus 4486:see below↓ 4434:Dinosauria 4416:Sauropsida 4238:2023-08-29 4216:(1): 1–11. 4131:2024-04-22 3959:. p. 3945:Paul, G.S. 3929:14 January 3902:14 January 3155:2023-08-29 3131:2023-08-29 2835:References 2805:gastropods 2789:Gymnosperm 2697:Sinobaatar 2486:Juratyrant 2437:NGMC 2124 1728:Siamraptor 1221:Coeluridae 1111:apomorphic 796:, and the 773:See also: 696:See also: 674:, and the 631:Plumaceous 540:See also: 507:heterodont 399:Cretaceous 208:Saurischia 195:Dinosauria 8518:includes 8463:Rativates 8456:Qiupalong 8156:Scipionyx 8149:Mirischia 7822:Lythronax 7814:Labocania 7745:Alioramus 7398:Labocania 7116:Aerosteon 6662:Sinraptor 6566:Erectopus 6301:Irritator 5886:Orionides 5771:Tetanurae 5758:Tetanurae 5685:Tetanurae 5621:Elemgasem 5544:Llukalkan 5523:Elemgasem 5280:Noasaurus 5143:Afromimus 4951:Averostra 4938:Averostra 4856:Averostra 4708:Velocipes 4527:Theropoda 4514:Theropoda 4477:Theropoda 4402:Kingdom: 4386:Theropoda 4259:. p. 56A. 4233:Theropoda 3897:189975591 3702:CiteSeerX 3547:131019046 3384:205219587 3089:1545-7885 2817:temperate 2809:wildfires 2797:Ostracods 2795:as well. 2737:had dual 2356:Mirischia 2149:Scipionyx 1767:Orionides 1707:Tetanurae 1699:in bold. 1608:Scipionyx 1193:in 2012. 1135:Sauriurae 811:siltstone 755:Red panda 558:preserve 502:vertebrae 259:Species: 221:Theropoda 168:Kingdom: 162:Eukaryota 8599:Wikidata 8047:Coelurus 7455:Kileskus 7448:Guanlong 7420:Coelurus 7313:Gualicho 6813:Gualicho 6194:Baryonyx 5530:Guemesia 5357:Kryptops 5118:Ozraptor 4755:Pendraig 4410:Chordata 4408:Phylum: 4404:Animalia 4315:21393569 4191:22615813 4151:PLOS ONE 4053:: 30–32. 3947:(2002). 3862:17521978 3724:85701665 3641:54590389 3450:29107548 3376:20107440 3251:56104335 3146:"天宇自然博物" 3107:24802911 3048:86025320 2823:See also 2801:bivalves 2773:andesite 2771:such as 2739:oviducts 2722:S. prima 2706:platypus 2677:itself. 2579:S. prima 2575:S. prima 1342:Raptorex 1309:Guanlong 1235:Coelurus 1038:et al.'s 991:collagen 971:collagen 898:Liaoning 894:Lingyuan 878:S. prima 680:theropod 564:feathers 536:Feathers 515:maxillae 448:holotype 444:theropod 440:theropod 385:S. prima 356:collagen 347:filament 343:feathers 335:dinosaur 300:Synonyms 227:Family: 182:Chordata 178:Phylum: 172:Animalia 158:Domain: 8660:4126504 8647:4822716 8634:4433889 8605:Q131379 7588:Timimus 7350:Zuolong 7080:Rapator 6983:Meraxes 6308:Oxalaia 5629:Koleken 4652:Lepidus 4414:Class: 4306:3069172 4283:Bibcode 4182:3352940 4159:Bibcode 4001:Bibcode 3853:2270928 3619:Bibcode 3527:Bibcode 3418:Bibcode 3356:Bibcode 3221:Bibcode 3179:Bibcode 3171:Science 3098:4011683 3001:Bibcode 2954:4430927 2934:Bibcode 2755:, as a 2390:Zuolong 2293:(Incl. 890:Beipiao 888:in the 827:at the 798:Nanjing 794:Beijing 568:ventral 528:-like " 482:humerus 437:bipedal 377:species 339:Avialae 284:† 263:† 240:Genus: 116:↓ 8256:Hexing 7944:Kakuru 7532:Dilong 5573:Thanos 5551:Niebla 5371:Rugops 5364:Kurupi 4313: 4303: 4189: 4179: 4080: 3967: 3895: 3860: 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