634:
31:
321:. The Sind sparrow is social while feeding and gathers in small groups both while breeding and during winter dispersal. It feeds mostly on seeds and less often on insects, foraging close to the ground. Nests are made in the branches of thorny trees, and are untidy globular masses constructed from grass or other plant matter and lined with softer material. Both sexes are involved in building the nest and caring for the young, and usually raise two clutches of three to five young each breeding season.
105:
405:
226:
80:
330:
766:. Both the male and female take part in nest building and incubation. Clutches typically contain three to five eggs. Scrope Doig described the eggs as being markedly smaller than the house sparrow's, measuring 0.7 Ă— 0.5 in (1.3 Ă— 1.8 cm) and similarly greenish or greyish with highly variable blotches, striations, and other markings.
754:
dome of grass and other plant matter, such as tamarisk twigs, roots, and reeds, with a diameter of about 9 to 18 cm (3.5 to 7.1 in). The nest has an entrance located higher up on the sides, is somewhat flat on top, and is lined with softer plant material and feathers. The birds may sometimes build below the nests of
454:
contained similar errors. Commenting on his unsuccessful search, Hume wrote that the hundreds of house sparrows he killed in pursuit of the Sind sparrow "ought to form a heavy load" on Blyth's conscience, and that if the Sind sparrow existed "it would be only decent for it ... to put on an appearance
297:
are soft chirping calls that are extended into longer songs with other sounds interspersed by breeding males. Historically, this species was thought to be very closely related to the house sparrow, but its closest evolutionary affinities may lie elsewhere. The species was discovered around 1840, but
753:
Nesting occurs during a period of several months between April and
September, the timing depending on rainfall, during which two clutches are raised by most pairs. Sind sparrows build nests in the upper branches of thorny trees or the ends of thin branches hanging over water. The nest is an untidy
735:
The Sind sparrow is gregarious, generally forming small groups of four to six birds while feeding. It tends to breed in loose colonies of a few pairs, and non-breeding birds may gather to roost in acacias or tamarisks near water. During winter, the non-breeding season, it forms larger flocks of as
309:, the Sind sparrow is patchily distributed in riverine and wetland habitats with thorny scrub and tall grass. During the non-breeding season, some birds enter drier habitats as they disperse short distances from their breeding habitat, or migrate into western Pakistan and the extreme east of
292:
features. As in the house sparrow, the male has brighter plumage than female and young birds, including black markings and a grey crown. Distinctively, the male has a chestnut stripe running down its head behind the eye, and the female has a darker head than other sparrow species. Its main
606:. But there is more or less conflict between the two studies (and between different analyses), some clades are not highly supported, and the Sind sparrow was not included, so the evolutionary history of Sind sparrow and its relationship to other sparrow species remain unclear.
341:, and both sexes resemble their counterparts of that species, but it is slightly smaller and males and females each have features that distinguish them as Sind sparrows. The Sind sparrow is 13 cm (5.1 in) long, while the common South Asian
715:, India. It may breed around rice paddies and other fields, or human habitations, provided that there is enough cover and suitable nesting sites. In winter, it moves away from its main riverine habitat, and into drier thickets characterised by
553:
black-bibbed sparrow" group including the house sparrow, though not one with a particularly close relationship with the house sparrow. Summer-Smith suggested that these species separated 25,000 to 15,000 years ago, during the
380:
is also similar to the female Sind sparrow, but has yellow tinges on the underparts and sometimes on parts of the head. The bill is black on the breeding male and pale brown on the non-breeding male and female. With a
673:, and has been recorded several times in south-eastern Iran. The Sind sparrow is somewhat common in its restricted breeding range, and no threats are known to the survival of the species, so it is assessed as
707:
scrub and tall grass, invariably near rivers or other wetlands. The construction and expansion of irrigation canals has increased its habitat in Sindh, and helped it extend its range into the
455:
with as little delay as possible". Hume doubted its distinction, as did other ornithologists. The Sind sparrow was rediscovered by Scrope
Berdmore Doig in 1880, in the Eastern Nara district.
446:
in eastern Iran. This was probably because of its general similarity to the house sparrow, though additionally, Blyth's description of the species incorrectly described its rump feathers as
1712:
392:
call is softer, less strident, and higher pitched than that of the house sparrow, and is easily distinguished. The song of breeding males includes chirrups interspersed with grating
1760:
1443:
Allende, Luis M.; Rubio, Isabel; RuĂz-del-Valle, Valentin; GuillĂ©n, Jesus; MartĂnez-Laso, Jorge; Lowy, Ernesto; Varela, Pilar; Zamora, Jorge; Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio (2001).
2913:
1614:
645:
The Sind sparrow has a restricted distribution, primarily occurring within the Indus valley of
Pakistan, and the lower parts of the tributaries of the Indus in the
3006:
434:
which, although dated 1844, was published only in 1845. The sparrow was not recorded until 36 years later, despite the efforts of noted ornithologists
50:
609:
Hume and
Ticehurst observed a resemblance, and a possible relation, between the Sind sparrow and the Dead Sea sparrow of the Middle East and Balochistan.
349:, is 15 cm (5.9 in) long. Wingspans range from 6.2 to 7.0 cm (2.4 to 2.8 in), tails from 4.7 to 5.7 cm (1.9 to 2.2 in), and
1524:
Päckert, Martin; Hering, Jens; Belkacem, Abdelkrim Ait; Sun, Yue-Hua; Hille, Sabine; Lkhagvasuren, Davaa; Islam, Safiqul; Martens, Jochen (31 May 2021).
633:
372:
lower back and rump. The female has a darker and greyer crown and cheek than the female house sparrow and the shoulder is darker chestnut. The female
542:
suggested that the Sind sparrow evolved from an isolated population of house sparrows, noting that the Indus valley is a centre of small bird types.
2887:
430:
2926:
2279:
2258:
2239:
2205:
2186:
2176:
2165:
2132:
2065:
2021:
51:
2336:
750:, especially to feed nestlings. Flocks forage on flats alongside rivers, flying into nearby bushes and continuing to forage when disturbed.
538:, which contains the house sparrow and around twenty other species. In a 1936 review of the house sparrow's relatives, German ornithologist
2368:
1727:
1623:
1444:
3036:
1745:
2268:
Summers-Smith, J. Denis (2009). "Family
Passeridae (Old World Sparrows)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David (eds.).
1072:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 51. Dates of avian names introduced in early volumes of the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal"
2269:
684:
During winter, it often makes short-distance movements, and some birds move into parts of western
Pakistan and an adjoining corner of
3031:
2080:
Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der
Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel
2874:
1907:
1578:
1071:
233:
Approximate limits of the Sind sparrow's breeding (green) and winter dispersal (sky blue) range, within which it is very local
1849:
1802:
1257:
1222:
1180:
1133:
1048:
1456:
2931:
2048:
Eastern Persia: An account of the journeys of the
Persian Boundary Commission 1870-71-72. Volume 2. The Zoology and Geology
1323:
3026:
1966:
889:
559:
990:
2637:
2543:
2523:
654:
610:
2720:
385:
length of 1.1–1.3 centimetres (0.43–0.51 in), the Sind sparrow is slightly smaller-billed than the house sparrow.
2647:
3021:
2361:
104:
1602:"Studies of Socotran Birds III. Morphological and mensural evidence for a 'new' species in the Rufous Sparrow
3016:
2730:
2725:
2652:
2014:
Handbook of the birds of India and
Pakistan, together with those of Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka
638:
443:
2790:
2825:
2752:
2700:
2682:
2672:
2568:
2046:
1473:
1013:
546:
409:
356:
The breeding male has a short and narrow black bib and a broad chestnut eye stripe that does not meet the
1667:
Harvey, B; Sharma, S. C. (2002). "The initial colonisation of the Yamuna flood plain by the Sind
Sparrow
2558:
2533:
2231:
670:
199:
2528:
2327:
810:
30:
2817:
2799:
2579:
2563:
2553:
2508:
2472:
2142:
2009:
1465:
1382:
693:
513:
habitat of the bird (in the word's original sense of tangled dry thicket). This name is shortened to
1478:
2493:
2354:
618:
555:
522:
435:
69:
2642:
2333:
2321:
2031:
1499:
1398:
1365:
Meise, Wilhelm (1936). "Zur Systematik und Verbreitungsgeschichte der Haus- und Weidensperlinge,
742:
494:
99:
2918:
2965:
2944:
2848:
2677:
2377:
2275:
2254:
2235:
2201:
2182:
2161:
2128:
2061:
2017:
1547:
1507:
1491:
717:
567:
563:
509:, a province now in Pakistan which makes up a large part of the Sind sparrow's range, and the
294:
254:
166:
2970:
1601:
2735:
2573:
2503:
2478:
2381:
2302:
2083:
1899:
1537:
1483:
1390:
805:
763:
736:
many as 30 birds, and joins flocks with other seed-eating birds, such as house sparrows and
614:
587:
451:
421:
404:
373:
350:
257:
39:
2830:
2804:
3011:
2952:
2538:
2488:
2451:
2446:
2346:
2340:
625:, in their 1899 description of that species, noted upon by Guy M. Kirwan in a 2008 study.
501:, but as this name might cause confusion with other species, Ticehurst suggested the name
468:
361:
357:
1525:
2113:
1469:
1386:
787:
2663:
2599:
2548:
2466:
2461:
2436:
2306:
2227:
2217:
1903:
595:
591:
447:
3000:
2939:
2498:
2483:
2441:
2416:
2075:
796:
678:
674:
646:
603:
539:
483:
456:
382:
338:
318:
314:
285:
89:
84:
2983:
2290:
2146:
2096:
1954:
1887:
1838:"Locations of Sind Sparrow sightings along the Rajasthan Canal and the River Sutlej"
1837:
1786:
1566:
1503:
1402:
1245:
1206:
1168:
1121:
1083:
1036:
877:
225:
2853:
2617:
2518:
2513:
974:
737:
417:
329:
215:
2879:
2840:
2271:
Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows
740:. The Sind sparrow feeds mainly on the seeds of grasses and other plants such as
313:. Since this species is fairly common and expanding its range, it is assessed as
49:
2900:
2784:
1331:
759:
747:
692:, India. Longer movements may occur, as suggested by a possible sighting in the
662:
650:
622:
599:
571:
550:
602:
black-bibbed sparrow" group, are not phylogenetically closely related with the
2978:
2711:
425:
342:
265:
2775:
2181:. Washington, D.C. and Barcelona: Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions.
2035:
1551:
2087:
2005:
712:
250:
156:
116:
1495:
1449:) phylogeography and their relative abundance of nuclear mtDNA pseudogenes"
1487:
2957:
2769:
2628:
1542:
1526:"A revised multilocus phylogeny of Old World sparrows (Aves: Passeridae)"
723:
704:
583:
472:
302:
136:
669:
area. It also breeds locally in parts of Pakistan's western province of
2892:
2812:
2399:
1567:"The Expedition to Sokotra I. Descriptions of the New Species of Birds"
1394:
689:
579:
289:
60:
2178:
Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2: Attributes and Status
1606:
complex endemic to the island of Abd 'Al Kuri, with the validation of
505:, which became the accepted name for the species. This name refers to
2905:
2427:
708:
700:
658:
534:
510:
428:
in around 1840. Blyth's description was published in an issue of the
369:
176:
126:
2866:
2746:
1888:"The Birds of Jhang District, S. W. Punjab. Part I. Passerine Birds"
910:
2861:
2391:
2198:
The Birds of Pakistan. Volume 2: Passeriformes: Pittas to Buntings
755:
666:
632:
506:
439:
403:
328:
306:
269:
261:
566:, where he thought the Sind sparrow evolved. However, studies of
2156:
Porter, R. F.; Christensen, F.; Schiermacker-Hansen, P. (1996).
685:
365:
310:
146:
2750:
2350:
2016:. Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). Delhi: Oxford University Press.
1169:"Birds Nesting on the Eastern Narra. Additions and Alterations"
781:
779:
649:. Its distribution extends from the Indus Delta north to the
2253:. illustrated by Euan Dunn. London: T. & A. D. Poyser.
2082:(in German). Vol. I. Berlin: R. Friedlander und Sohn.
2040:. Vol. III (2nd ed.). London: Taylor and Francis.
2097:"Contributions to the Ornithology of India. Sindh, No. II"
2148:
Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds
1037:"A note on the weavers and finches of the Punjab. Part 2"
1571:
Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums Under the City Council
578:
species, with speciation occurring as early as the late
2060:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
558:, when sparrows would have been isolated in ice-free
2118:. Vol. II (2nd ed.). London: R. H. Porter.
1836:
Sangha, Harkirat Singh; Kulshreshtha, Manoj (2008).
2759:
2709:
2691:
2661:
2626:
2608:
2589:
2425:
2407:
2389:
1565:Ogilvie-Grant, W. R.; Forbes, Henry O. (May 1899).
598:, which were also considered to be members of the "
2216:
2056:Clement, Peter; Harris, Alan; Davis, John (1993).
1823:
911:Porter, Christensen & Schiermacker-Hansen 1996
2112:Hume, A. O. (1889). Oates, Eugene William (ed.).
1645:
1643:
1641:
1070:Dickinson, E. C.; Pittie, A. (21 December 2006).
863:
811:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22718183A94571377.en
459:considered it a subspecies of the house sparrow,
416:The Sind sparrow was first formally described by
353:measure 1.6–1.9 centimetres (0.63–0.75 in).
1744:Roselaar, Cees S.; Aliabadiani, Mansour (2009).
1713:"Rare Birds in Iran in the Late 1960s and 1970s"
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
298:went undetected for several decades afterwards.
549:considered the Sind sparrow to be part of the "
2362:
2058:Finches and Sparrows: an Identification Guide
1959:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1940:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1842:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1795:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1673:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1649:
1430:
1415:
1352:
1250:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1041:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
983:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
941:
882:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
842:
8:
2125:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1662:
1660:
1658:
1615:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1115:
1113:
937:
935:
933:
931:
727:bushes, but never moves too far from water.
473:bred in the same areas without interbreeding
2158:Field Guide to the Birds of the Middle East
2151:. Vol. II. London: Taylor and Francis.
1746:"Review of Rare Birds in Iran, 1860s–1960s"
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1200:
1198:
956:
954:
952:
950:
16:Sparrow species of bird found in South Asia
2747:
2369:
2355:
2347:
2328:Bird Specialties of Pakistan: Sind sparrow
2175:Rasmussen, P. C.; Anderton, J. C. (2005).
665:, extending east into India as far as the
532:The Sind sparrow is a member of the genus
478:The specific epithet of the Sind sparrow,
301:Within its Indus valley breeding range in
224:
78:
47:
29:
20:
1541:
1477:
1297:
960:
809:
746:. It may also forage for insects such as
1104:
1018:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
431:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
337:The Sind sparrow is very similar to the
1698:
1309:
1278:
775:
288:, it is smaller and has distinguishing
1426:
1424:
878:"The Birds of Lahore and the Vicinity"
586:, about 5 million years ago. The
1928:
1852:from the original on 4 September 2017
1805:from the original on 4 September 2017
1260:from the original on 4 September 2017
1225:from the original on 4 September 2017
1183:from the original on 4 September 2017
1136:from the original on 4 September 2017
1051:from the original on 4 September 2017
922:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
521:, of which the first was used in the
396:notes and short warbles or whistles.
268:. Its name refers to the province of
7:
2330:at the Birdwatchers Club of Pakistan
1987:
1969:from the original on 11 October 2016
1626:from the original on 20 October 2016
1418:, pp. 279–280, 288–289, 304–305
1322:Gill, F.; Donsker, D., eds. (2011).
1246:"Sind as a Field for the Naturalist"
1154:
1082:(3). Leiden: 113–124. Archived from
574:genes indicate an earlier origin of
3007:IUCN Red List least concern species
2219:The Sparrows: a study of the genus
2200:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1581:from the original on 20 August 2018
1328:IOC World Bird Names (version 2.10)
797:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2307:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1922.tb00807.x
2115:The Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds
1910:from the original on 8 August 2018
1904:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1922.tb01318.x
688:, and less commonly north-western
14:
2160:. London: T. & A. D. Poyser.
1766:from the original on 24 July 2011
1014:"Synopsis of Indian Fringillidae"
993:from the original on 3 March 2016
892:from the original on 28 July 2014
465:Die Vögel der paläarktishen Fauna
2249:Summers-Smith, J. Denis (1992).
2215:Summers-Smith, J. Denis (1988).
1824:Clement, Harris & Davis 1993
471:both found that the two species
103:
2324:at the Internet Bird Collection
2145:(1890). Blanford, W. T. (ed.).
1445:"The Old World sparrows (genus
786:BirdLife International (2016).
420:, from a specimen collected by
260:, Passeridae, found around the
1457:Journal of Molecular Evolution
284:. Very similar to the related
272:, and it is also known as the
1:
2291:"The Birds of Sind (Part ii)"
2037:Fauna of British India: Birds
1610:Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881"
864:Rasmussen & Anderton 2005
461:Passer domesticus pyrrhonotus
2638:Yellow-throated bush sparrow
2544:Southern grey-headed sparrow
2524:Northern grey-headed sparrow
2274:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
2127:. London: Christopher Helm.
1955:"Notes on Birds from Lahore"
1791:Blyth in North-West Gujarat"
975:"The Rufous-backed Sparrow (
611:William Robert Ogilvie-Grant
388:The Sind sparrow's chirping
2648:Yellow-spotted bush sparrow
2051:. London: Macmillan and Co.
1726:(1/2): 1–30. Archived from
621:, endemic to the island of
497:suggested the English name
3053:
3037:Taxa named by Edward Blyth
2123:Jobling, James A. (2010).
408:Illustration of a pair by
2289:Ticehurst, C. B. (1922).
2234:: T. & A. D. Poyser.
617:saw a resemblance to the
347:Passer domesticus indicus
232:
223:
205:
198:
100:Scientific classification
98:
76:
67:
58:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2196:Roberts, Tom J. (1992).
2045:Blanford, W. T. (1876).
1711:Scott, Derek A. (2008).
1375:Journal fĂĽr Ornithologie
1244:James, H. E. M. (1893).
1076:Zoologische Mededelingen
979:) nesting in the Punjab"
804:: e.T22718183A94571377.
758:or extend the nest of a
711:floodplain and parts of
629:Distribution and habitat
489:("flame-coloured"), and
378:Passer moabiticus yattii
3032:Birds described in 1844
2726:Rufous-necked snowfinch
2653:Yellow-throated sparrow
2088:10.5962/bhl.title.14175
1600:Kirwan, Guy M. (2008).
639:Sultanpur National Park
450:, and a description by
444:William Thomas Blanford
2721:Père David's snowfinch
2701:White-rumped snowfinch
2683:Black-winged snowfinch
2673:White-winged snowfinch
2569:Arabian golden sparrow
1324:"English Name Updates"
973:Currie, A. J. (1909).
876:Currie, A. J. (1916).
642:
547:J. Denis Summers-Smith
545:British ornithologist
413:
410:John Gerrard Keulemans
360:. The male has a grey
345:of the house sparrow,
334:
333:Female in Delhi, India
2559:Eurasian tree sparrow
2534:Parrot-billed sparrow
2251:In Search of Sparrows
2232:Calton, Staffordshire
1953:Jones, A. E. (1912).
1886:Whistler, H. (1922).
1787:"Sind Jungle Sparrow
1785:Bapat, N. N. (1992).
1488:10.1007/s002390010202
1035:Whistler, H. (1925).
961:Ali & Ripley 1999
636:
529:was adopted in 2009.
499:rufous-backed sparrow
407:
332:
282:rufous-backed sparrow
38:Male at Head Marala,
3027:Birds of North India
2731:Blanford's snowfinch
2580:Passer predomesticus
2564:Sudan golden sparrow
2473:Plain-backed sparrow
2339:22 June 2011 at the
2095:Hume, A. O. (1873).
1543:10.3897/vz.71.e65952
1221:(5&6): 442–445.
1205:Hume, A. O. (1881).
1167:Doig, S. B. (1880).
1120:Hume, A. O. (1880).
699:It mostly breeds in
694:United Arab Emirates
2494:Abd al-Kuri sparrow
2469:or cinnamon sparrow
2032:Baker, E. C. Stuart
1470:2001JMolE..53..144A
1387:1936JOrni..84..631M
619:Abd al-Kuri sparrow
556:last glacial period
523:IOC World Bird List
503:Sind jungle-sparrow
436:Allan Octavian Hume
191:P. pyrrhonotus
70:Conservation status
59:Calls (recorded in
2984:Passer-pyrrhonotus
2805:Passer_pyrrhonotus
2791:Passer pyrrhonotus
2761:Passer pyrrhonotus
2643:Sahel bush sparrow
2529:Swainson's sparrow
2378:Old World sparrows
1943:, pp. 197–198
1941:Summers-Smith 1988
1874:Summers-Smith 1988
1789:Passer pyrrhonotus
1701:, pp. 478–480
1669:Passer pyrrhonotus
1652:, pp. 195–196
1650:Summers-Smith 1988
1530:Vertebrate Zoology
1431:Summers-Smith 2009
1416:Summers-Smith 1988
1395:10.1007/BF01951015
1353:Summers-Smith 1992
1334:on 7 November 2011
1300:, pp. 651–653
1209:Passer pyrrhonotus
1012:Blyth, E. (1845).
977:Passer pyrrhonotus
942:Summers-Smith 1988
925:, pp. 238–239
845:, pp. 194–195
843:Summers-Smith 1988
790:Passer pyrrhonotus
743:Polygonum plebeium
696:in November 2000.
643:
495:E. C. Stuart Baker
414:
376:of the subspecies
335:
246:Passer pyrrhonotus
209:Passer pyrrhonotus
3022:Birds of Pakistan
2994:
2993:
2966:Open Tree of Life
2753:Taxon identifiers
2744:
2743:
2678:Tibetan snowfinch
2554:Zarudny's sparrow
2509:Shelley's sparrow
2281:978-84-96553-50-7
2260:978-0-85661-073-8
2241:978-0-85661-048-6
2226:. illustrated by
2207:978-0-19-577405-4
2188:978-84-87334-66-5
2167:978-0-85661-076-9
2134:978-1-4081-2501-4
2067:978-0-691-03424-9
2023:978-0-19-565943-6
2010:Ripley, S. Dillon
1604:Passer motitensis
1367:Passer domesticus
568:mitochondrial DNA
564:Indus River Delta
482:, comes from the
264:valley region in
237:
236:
93:
52:
3044:
2987:
2986:
2974:
2973:
2961:
2960:
2948:
2947:
2935:
2934:
2922:
2921:
2909:
2908:
2896:
2895:
2883:
2882:
2870:
2869:
2857:
2856:
2844:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2821:
2820:
2818:E60EFA61C43FB8B6
2808:
2807:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2748:
2736:Afghan snowfinch
2574:Chestnut sparrow
2504:Kordofan sparrow
2479:Dead Sea sparrow
2371:
2364:
2357:
2348:
2343:at delhibird.net
2310:
2285:
2264:
2245:
2225:
2211:
2192:
2171:
2152:
2143:Oates, Eugene W.
2138:
2119:
2108:
2091:
2071:
2052:
2041:
2027:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1965:(3): 1073–1074.
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1765:
1750:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1733:on 24 July 2011.
1732:
1717:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1681:
1680:
1664:
1653:
1647:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1608:Passer insularis
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1545:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1513:on 21 July 2011.
1512:
1506:. Archived from
1481:
1453:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1330:. Archived from
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1117:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
970:
964:
963:, pp. 76–77
958:
945:
939:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
901:
899:
897:
873:
867:
861:
846:
840:
823:
822:
820:
818:
813:
783:
764:Indian pied myna
615:Henry Ogg Forbes
588:chestnut sparrow
452:Thomas C. Jerdon
422:Alexander Burnes
374:Dead Sea sparrow
228:
211:
108:
107:
87:
82:
81:
54:
53:
40:Punjab, Pakistan
33:
21:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3041:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2982:
2977:
2969:
2964:
2956:
2953:Observation.org
2951:
2943:
2938:
2930:
2925:
2917:
2912:
2904:
2899:
2891:
2886:
2878:
2873:
2865:
2860:
2852:
2847:
2839:
2837:
2829:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2798:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2755:
2745:
2740:
2705:
2687:
2657:
2622:
2604:
2593:
2585:
2539:Swahili sparrow
2489:Socotra sparrow
2475:or Pegu sparrow
2452:Italian sparrow
2447:Spanish sparrow
2421:
2403:
2385:
2375:
2341:Wayback Machine
2318:
2313:
2297:. 11th series.
2288:
2282:
2267:
2261:
2248:
2242:
2214:
2208:
2195:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2155:
2141:
2135:
2122:
2111:
2094:
2074:
2068:
2055:
2044:
2030:
2024:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1894:. 11th series.
1885:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1730:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1684:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1648:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1479:10.1.1.520.4878
1451:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1355:, pp. 3, 6
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1296:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1086:on 24 July 2011
1069:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1024:(156): 944–963.
1011:
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
972:
971:
967:
959:
948:
940:
929:
921:
917:
909:
905:
895:
893:
875:
874:
870:
862:
849:
841:
826:
816:
814:
785:
784:
777:
772:
733:
631:
469:Claud Ticehurst
467:, but Doig and
402:
327:
219:
213:
207:
194:
102:
94:
83:
79:
72:
48:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3050:
3048:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3017:Birds of Sindh
3014:
3009:
2999:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2975:
2962:
2949:
2936:
2923:
2910:
2897:
2884:
2871:
2858:
2845:
2835:
2822:
2809:
2796:
2781:
2765:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2693:Onychostruthus
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2664:Montifringilla
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2600:Pale rockfinch
2596:
2594:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:Desert sparrow
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2467:Russet sparrow
2464:
2462:Somali sparrow
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2437:Saxaul sparrow
2433:
2431:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2409:Hypocryptadius
2405:
2404:
2397:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2331:
2325:
2317:
2316:External links
2314:
2312:
2311:
2301:(4): 605–662.
2286:
2280:
2265:
2259:
2246:
2240:
2228:Robert Gillmor
2212:
2206:
2193:
2187:
2172:
2166:
2153:
2139:
2133:
2120:
2109:
2101:Stray Feathers
2092:
2076:Hartert, Ernst
2072:
2066:
2053:
2042:
2028:
2022:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1980:
1945:
1933:
1921:
1898:(2): 259–309.
1878:
1863:
1828:
1816:
1777:
1736:
1703:
1682:
1654:
1637:
1592:
1557:
1516:
1464:(2): 144–154.
1435:
1420:
1408:
1381:(4): 631–672.
1371:hispaniolensis
1357:
1345:
1314:
1302:
1298:Ticehurst 1922
1283:
1271:
1236:
1215:Stray Feathers
1194:
1179:(4): 277–282.
1173:Stray Feathers
1159:
1147:
1132:(3): 232–234.
1126:Stray Feathers
1109:
1097:
1062:
1047:(2): 406–417.
1027:
1004:
989:(1): 259–260.
965:
946:
927:
915:
903:
888:(3): 561–577.
868:
847:
824:
774:
773:
771:
768:
732:
729:
630:
627:
596:saxaul sparrow
592:russet sparrow
562:, such as the
515:jungle sparrow
401:
398:
326:
323:
235:
234:
230:
229:
221:
220:
214:
203:
202:
196:
195:
188:
186:
182:
181:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
96:
95:
77:
74:
73:
68:
65:
64:
56:
55:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3049:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:Kenya sparrow
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:Great sparrow
2482:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:House sparrow
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2418:
2417:Cinnamon ibon
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2384:: Passeridae)
2383:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1990:, p. 162
1989:
1984:
1981:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1931:, p. 174
1930:
1925:
1922:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1876:, p. 196
1875:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1829:
1826:, p. 448
1825:
1820:
1817:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1781:
1778:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1596:
1593:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1436:
1433:, p. 795
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1377:(in German).
1376:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1312:, p. 237
1311:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1281:, p. 151
1280:
1275:
1272:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1157:, p. 209
1156:
1151:
1148:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1107:, p. 255
1106:
1105:Blanford 1876
1101:
1098:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1005:
992:
988:
984:
980:
978:
969:
966:
962:
957:
955:
953:
951:
947:
944:, p. 198
943:
938:
936:
934:
932:
928:
924:
919:
916:
913:, p. 410
912:
907:
904:
891:
887:
883:
879:
872:
869:
866:, p. 575
865:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
825:
812:
807:
803:
799:
798:
793:
791:
782:
780:
776:
769:
767:
765:
761:
757:
751:
749:
745:
744:
739:
738:red avadavats
730:
728:
726:
725:
720:
719:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
682:
680:
679:IUCN Red List
676:
675:least concern
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
647:Punjab region
640:
635:
628:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
604:house sparrow
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
548:
543:
541:
540:Wilhelm Meise
537:
536:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:("-backed").
492:
488:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:Ernst Hartert
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:
427:
423:
419:
411:
406:
399:
397:
395:
391:
386:
384:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:house sparrow
331:
324:
322:
320:
319:IUCN Red List
316:
315:least concern
312:
308:
304:
299:
296:
295:vocalisations
291:
287:
286:house sparrow
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
248:
247:
242:
231:
227:
222:
217:
212:
210:
204:
201:
200:Binomial name
197:
193:
192:
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157:Passeriformes
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85:Least Concern
75:
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45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
24:Sind sparrow
22:
19:
2760:
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2627:
2618:Rock sparrow
2609:
2590:
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2519:Cape sparrow
2514:Iago sparrow
2457:Sind sparrow
2456:
2426:
2408:
2398:
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2334:Sind sparrow
2322:Sind sparrow
2298:
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2177:
2157:
2147:
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2079:
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2036:
2013:
1983:
1971:. Retrieved
1962:
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1948:
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1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1895:
1891:
1881:
1854:. Retrieved
1848:(1): 91–92.
1845:
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1831:
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1798:
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1788:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1756:
1752:
1739:
1728:the original
1723:
1719:
1706:
1699:Roberts 1992
1676:
1672:
1668:
1628:. Retrieved
1622:(2): 83–93.
1619:
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1595:
1583:. Retrieved
1574:
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1461:
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1336:. Retrieved
1332:the original
1327:
1317:
1310:Jobling 2010
1305:
1279:Hartert 1903
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
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1249:
1239:
1227:. Retrieved
1218:
1214:
1208:
1185:. Retrieved
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1129:
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1088:. Retrieved
1084:the original
1079:
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995:. Retrieved
986:
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885:
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815:. Retrieved
801:
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748:caterpillars
741:
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527:Sind sparrow
526:
519:Sind sparrow
518:
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418:Edward Blyth
415:
393:
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346:
336:
305:and western
300:
281:
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253:bird of the
245:
244:
241:Sind sparrow
240:
238:
208:
206:
190:
189:
177:
18:
2901:iNaturalist
2785:Wikispecies
1998:Works cited
1973:19 February
1914:19 February
1856:19 February
1809:19 February
1759:(1): 1–27.
1679:(1): 35–43.
1585:19 February
1536:: 353–366.
1264:19 February
1256:: 322–325.
1229:19 February
1187:19 February
1140:19 February
1055:19 February
997:19 February
896:19 February
817:19 November
760:baya weaver
671:Balochistan
663:Nurpur Noon
651:Kabul River
623:Abd al-Kuri
600:Palaearctic
572:nuclear DNA
551:Palaearctic
480:pyrrhonotus
325:Description
278:Sind jungle
3001:Categories
2979:Xeno-canto
2712:Pyrgilauda
2591:Carpospiza
1929:Baker 1926
1801:(3): 378.
1577:(1): 2–3.
1338:7 November
923:Oates 1890
770:References
582:and early
426:Bahawalpur
343:subspecies
266:South Asia
167:Passeridae
2107:: 91–289.
1988:Hume 1889
1770:21 August
1630:20 August
1552:2625-8498
1474:CiteSeerX
1369:(L.) und
1155:Hume 1873
1090:18 August
731:Behaviour
718:Salvadora
713:Rajasthan
463:, in his
251:passerine
185:Species:
123:Kingdom:
117:Eukaryota
2945:22718183
2919:10213813
2831:22718183
2826:BirdLife
2770:Wikidata
2629:Gymnoris
2610:Petronia
2337:Archived
2295:The Ibis
2078:(1903).
2034:(1926).
2012:(1999).
1967:Archived
1908:Archived
1892:The Ibis
1850:Archived
1803:Archived
1761:Archived
1624:Archived
1579:Archived
1504:21782750
1496:11479685
1403:39371043
1258:Archived
1223:Archived
1211:, Blyth"
1181:Archived
1134:Archived
1049:Archived
991:Archived
890:Archived
724:Capparis
705:tamarisk
657:and the
655:Nowshera
641:in India
637:Nest at
584:Pliocene
525:, until
400:Taxonomy
394:t-r-r-rt
303:Pakistan
163:Family:
137:Chordata
133:Phylum:
127:Animalia
113:Domain:
90:IUCN 3.1
2971:3597495
2893:5231204
2867:sinspa1
2841:sinspa1
2813:Avibase
2776:Q746339
2400:Species
2006:Ali, S.
1753:Podoces
1720:Podoces
1466:Bibcode
1383:Bibcode
1373:(T.)".
1122:"Notes"
690:Gujarat
677:on the
580:Miocene
560:refugia
487:purrhos
317:on the
290:plumage
255:sparrow
249:) is a
173:Genus:
153:Order:
143:Class:
88: (
61:Bikaner
3012:Passer
2932:561887
2875:EURING
2428:Passer
2382:family
2278:
2257:
2238:
2221:Passer
2204:
2185:
2164:
2131:
2064:
2020:
1550:
1502:
1494:
1476:
1447:Passer
1401:
756:egrets
709:Yamuna
701:acacia
659:Jhelum
576:Passer
535:Passer
511:jungle
491:-nĹŤtos
448:maroon
412:, 1888
383:culmen
370:rufous
368:and a
358:mantle
274:jungle
258:family
218:, 1845
178:Passer
2958:77881
2914:IRMNG
2906:13857
2880:15930
2862:eBird
2854:4DXY6
2838:BOW:
2392:Genus
1764:(PDF)
1749:(PDF)
1731:(PDF)
1716:(PDF)
1511:(PDF)
1500:S2CID
1452:(PDF)
1399:S2CID
667:Delhi
661:near
653:near
507:Sindh
484:Greek
440:Sindh
362:crown
351:tarsi
307:India
280:, or
270:Sindh
262:Indus
216:Blyth
2940:IUCN
2927:ITIS
2888:GBIF
2276:ISBN
2255:ISBN
2236:ISBN
2202:ISBN
2183:ISBN
2162:ISBN
2129:ISBN
2062:ISBN
2018:ISBN
1975:2018
1916:2018
1858:2018
1811:2018
1772:2010
1632:2018
1587:2018
1548:ISSN
1492:PMID
1340:2011
1266:2018
1231:2018
1189:2018
1142:2018
1092:2010
1080:80–5
1057:2018
1022:XIII
999:2018
898:2018
819:2021
802:2016
721:and
703:and
686:Iran
613:and
594:and
570:and
442:and
390:chup
366:nape
364:and
311:Iran
239:The
147:Aves
2849:CoL
2800:ADW
2303:doi
2084:doi
1900:doi
1846:105
1671:".
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1538:doi
1484:doi
1391:doi
806:doi
762:or
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424:at
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