2179:
5987:
135:
4744:
423:
4602:
1179:
2953:
2133:, and for official documents, but also orally for TV and radio news broadcasts. The spoken language is used in everyday life and spans informal and formal contexts. Religious sermons, university lectures, political speeches, and personal letters occupy an intermediate space where features from both spoken and literary Sinhala are used together, and choices about which to include give different impressions of the text.
4648:
2462:
756:
4662:
1345:"The earliest type of contact in Sri Lanka, not considering the aboriginal Vedda languages, was that which occurred between South Dravidian and Sinhala. It seems plausible to assume prolonged contact between these two populations as well as a high degree of bilingualism. This explains why Sinhala looks deeply South Dravidian for an Indo-Aryan language. There is corroboration in genetic findings."
4335:
4013:
3338:
740:
36:
1942:
The Kamath language (an indigenous language of paddy culture) used by the
Southerners is somewhat different from the 'Kamath language' used in other parts (Uva, Kandy) of Sri Lanka as it is marked with a systematic variation; 'boya' at the end of the majority of nouns as the examples below show.
3296:
Native
Sinhalese words are limited in syllable structure to (C)V(C), V̄, and CV̄(C), where V is a short vowel, V̄ is a long vowel, and C is a consonant. Exceptions exist for the marginal segment CC. Prenasalised plosives are restricted to occurring intervocalically, and cannot end a syllable. Much
2136:
A number of syntactic and morphological differences exist between the two varieties. The most apparent difference is the absence of subject-verb agreement in spoken
Sinhala. Agreement is the hallmark of literary Sinhala, and is the sole characteristic used in determining whether a given example of
2002:
Here the particular word 'boya' means 'a little' in the
Southern region and at the end of most of nouns, 'boya' is added regularly. This particular word 'boya' is added to most words by the Southern villages as a token of respect towards the things (those things can be crops, tools etc.) they are
3215:
are both spelt without a vowel sign attached to the consonant letter, so the patterns of stress in the language must be used to determine the correct pronunciation. Stress is largely predictable and only contrastive between words in relatively few cases, so this does not present a problem for
3784:
On the left hand side of the table, plurals are longer than singulars. On the right hand side, it is the other way round, with the exception of paːrə "street". lexemes are mostly in the classes on the left-hand side, while lexemes are most often in the classes on the right hand.
3228:("to do") and all of its inflected forms where the first syllable is unstressed. Syllables using long vowels are always stressed. The remainder of the syllables are unstressed if they use a short vowel, unless they are immediately followed by one of: a CCV syllable, final
2392:
Several of these diacritics occur in two or more forms, and the form used depends on the shape of the consonant letter. Vowels also have independent letters, but these are only used at the beginning of words where there is no preceding consonant to add a diacritic to.
2124:
differ from each other in significant ways. While the lexicon can vary continuously between formal and informal contexts, there is a sharp contrast between two distinct systems for syntax and morphology. The literary language is used in writing for all forms of
2086:
sound. But Galle people's regional variation is not visible in relation to this particular verb; 'wapuranawa' (to sow). Yet their unique regional variation is visible in relation to the second verb which is 'enawai' (coming) as they add
1642:
The
Sinhala language has different types of variations which are commonly identified as dialects and accents. Among those variations, regional variations are prominent. Some of the well-known regional variations of Sinhala language are:
678:, who make up the largest ethnic group on the island, numbering about 16 million. Sinhala is also spoken as the first language by other ethnic groups in Sri Lanka, totalling about 2 million speakers as of 2001. It is written using the
728:(an endangered, indigenous creole still spoken by a minority of Sri Lankans, mixing Sinhala with an isolate of unknown origin and from which Old Sinhala borrowed various aspects into its main Indo-Aryan substrate), and the
1362:
set modern spoken
Sinhala apart from its Northern Indo-Aryan relatives. These features are evidence of close interactions with Dravidian speakers. Some of the features that may be traced to Dravidian influence are:
2505:
nasal occurs before a voiced stop, it is both shorter than a nasal alone and shorter than a sequence of nasal plus stop. The nasal is syllabified with the onset of the following syllable, which means that the
5140:
Geiger, Wilhelm. "Chronological
Summary of the Development of the Sinhalese Language". Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Sprachforschung Auf Dem Gebiete Der Indogermanischen Sprachen 76, no. 1/2 (1959): 52–59.
4546:—as in Italian, for instance—but also objects and other parts of the sentence can be "dropped" in Sinhala if they can be inferred. In that sense, Sinhala can be called a "super pro-drop language", like
2972:
is not present in native
Sinhala words, but instead is found in certain English loanwords. Like in non-rhotic dialects of English, this long vowel can be represented by the short vowel followed by an
3813:
Sinhala distinguishes three conjugation classes. Spoken
Sinhala does not mark person, number or gender on the verb (literary Sinhala does). In other words, there is no subject–verb agreement.
5274:
2545:(occur as double consonants), but only between vowels. In contexts that otherwise trigger gemination, prenasalised consonants become the corresponding nasal-voiced consonant sequence (e.g.
2396:
The complete script consists of about 60 letters, 18 for vowels and 42 for consonants. However, only 57 (16 vowels and 41 consonants) are required for writing colloquial spoken
Sinhala (
1249:. Sinhala has many words that are only found in Sinhala, or shared between Sinhala and Vedda and not etymologically derivable from Middle or Old Indo-Aryan. Possible examples include
2489:
while retaining nasals in the other four positions. Sinhala and Dhivehi are together unique for having prenasalised consonants, which are not found in any other Indo-Aryan language.
2178:
1669:
People from Uva province also have a unique linguistic variation in relation to the pronunciation of words. In general, Sinhala singular words are pluralized by adding suffixes like
5170:
Shahidullah, Muhammad. "The Origin of the Sinhalesé Language". The Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 8, no. 1 (1962): 108–11.
4797:
708:
Early forms of the Sinhala language are attested as early as the 3rd century BCE. The language of these inscriptions, still retaining long vowels and aspirated consonants, is a
82:
3189:, found primarily in stressed and unstressed syllables, respectively. However, there are certain contrasting pairs between the two phonemes, particularly between homographs
3805:
for inanimates. The indefinite article exists only in the singular, where its absence marks definiteness. In the plural, (in)definiteness does not receive special marking.
5986:
5240:
4485:) which when suffixed to a pronoun creates a formal and respectful tone in reference to a person. This is usually used in referring to politicians, nobles, and priests.
4122:(it can be argued that the numeral is the head in this construction, and the flowers the modifier, so that a more literal English rendering would be "a floral foursome")
3443:
case. However, for inanimate nouns the locative and genitive, and instrumental and ablative, are identical. In addition, for animate nouns these cases formed by placing
1245:, Sinhala has features that set it apart from other Indo-Aryan languages. Some of the differences can be explained by the substrate influence of the parent stock of the
6297:
8289:
6445:
2481:
have features divergent from rest of the Indo-Aryan languages. Sinhala's nasal consonants are unusual among Indo-Aryan languages for lacking the retroflex nasal
1277:
used throughout the island, although others have also suggested a Dravidian origin). There are also high frequency words denoting body parts in Sinhala, such as
849:. In the following centuries, there was substantial immigration from Eastern India, including additional migration from the Vanga Kingdom (Bengal), as well as
134:
6082:
5920:
4827:
5084:
2104:
Even though the Kandy, Kegalle and Galle people pronounce words with slight differences, the Sinhalese can understand the majority of the sentences.
6077:
1567:
5610:
8274:
4700:
6092:
6072:
5786:
5738:
5708:
5642:
4897:
4769:
4705:
3054:
1355:
6290:
2473:
Sinhala has a smaller consonant inventory than most Indo-Aryan languages, but simultaneously has a larger vowel inventory than most. As an
1559:
6438:
4805:
3072:
7974:
5563:
5230:
M.H. Peter Silva, Influence of Dravida on Sinhalese, University of Oxford. Faculty of Oriental Studies 1961, Thesis (D.Phil.) p. 152
4382:
4356:
4060:
4034:
3385:
3359:
2857:
647:
527:
5115:
2402:). The rest indicate sounds that have been merged in the course of linguistic change, such as the aspirates, and are restricted to
5282:
2802:
2674:
1558:
As a result of centuries of colonial rule, interaction, settlement, intermarriage and assimilation, modern Sinhala contains many
8284:
6283:
3151:
3144:
2923:
2778:
2429:
The Sinhala script is written from left to right, and is mainly used for Sinhala. It is also used for the liturgical languages
2385:). The "r" diacritic is the curved line under the first letter ("ශ" → "ශ්ර"). A second diacritic representing the vowel sound
1307:, written in the 13th century CE, recognised a category of words that exclusively belonged to early Sinhala. The grammar lists
1214:
6844:
5913:
4360:
4038:
3363:
2850:
1563:
2437:, which are important in Buddhism and academic works. The alphabetic sequence is similar to those of other Brahmic scripts:
1693:. But when it comes to Monaragala, the situation is somewhat different as when nouns are pluralized a nasal sound is added.
7626:
6661:
6431:
6212:
2718:
1221:, he extensively researched the Sinhalese language and its pre-1815 literature. The Sri Lankan government awarded him the
7597:
5622:(Technical report). Language Technology Research Laboratory, University of Colombo School of Computing. pp. 473–484.
7417:
7263:
6580:
6361:
4128:
3297:
more complicated consonant clusters are allowed in loan words, particularly from Sanskrit and English, an example being
3165:
2931:
2792:
2784:
850:
8160:
5517:
5189:
3219:
Most Sinhala syllables are of the form CV. The first syllable of each word is stressed, with the exception of the verb
8279:
8128:
7984:
6169:
4680:
3061:
2812:
2667:
792:
4345:
4023:
3348:
2373:
on whichever consonant has no vowel following it. One word that is still spelt with an "r" diacritic is ශ්රී, as in
2012:
The contrast among the regional variations used by Kandy, Kegalle and Galle people in relation to pronunciation
732:. It has two main varieties, written and spoken, and is a conspicuous example of the linguistic phenomenon known as
443: Sinhala is the majority language, with other languages being spoken largely or as a second language (such as
7694:
4500:) - you (vocative, when addressing a minister, high-ranking official, or generally showing respect in public etc.)
3186:
3158:
2939:
2866:
2653:
2252:
like Urdu where vowels need not be written at all. Also, when a diacritic is not used, an "inherent vowel", either
7131:
4364:
4349:
4042:
4027:
3367:
3352:
3276:
Nasalisation of vowels is common in certain environments, particularly before a prenasalised consonant. Nasalised
8269:
8133:
7834:
7808:
7247:
6371:
6341:
5906:
3100:
3093:
1218:
5365:
5042:
8029:
6790:
6351:
6006:
3079:
2711:
2660:
717:
407:
61:
6001:
3458:
The brackets with most of the vowel length symbols indicate the optional shortening of long vowels in certain
1622:
The language developed first mainly among the descendants of Portuguese settlers who often married women from
4834:
4078:), which means that determining elements are usually put in front of what they determine (see example below).
413:
348:
6179:
6148:
5585:
4075:
2968:
distinction between long and short for all qualities, giving a total inventory of 14 vowels. The long vowel
2697:
2681:
2159:
The accusative and locative cases are missing in colloquial spoken Sinhala (but recovered in formal speech).
1337:
The consistent left branching syntax and the loss of aspirated stops in Sinhala is attributed to a probable
814:
366:
203:
5098:
5076:
4198:, but these verbs are not used for predications of class-membership or property-assignment, unlike English
8237:
8106:
7382:
7176:
6993:
6528:
6306:
5377:
Umberto Ansaldo, Sri Lanka and South India, The Cambridge Handbook of Areal Linguistics (2017), pp.575-585
4743:
4449:
4438:
4427:
4416:
4195:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3229:
3225:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3195:
3182:
3178:
3130:
3123:
2988:
2969:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2879:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2498:
2484:
2417:
2386:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2343:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2257:
2253:
2215:
along with most Indian scripts and many Southeast Asian scripts. The Sinhala script is closely related to
1084:
1080:
1057:
1038:
1034:
1012:
1008:
1004:
968:
952:
208:
160:
78:
7907:
7720:
7206:
7171:
7166:
7005:
6988:
6508:
6392:
6227:
6184:
6032:
4404:
4247:
2828:
2704:
2611:
2604:
2502:
1381:
1129:
1109:
who says that Sinhala Prakrit branched off from the Eastern Prakrits prior to this change. He cites the
2260:, is understood, depending on the position of the consonant within the word. For example, the letter ක
813:, the Sanskrit word for 'lion'. The name is sometimes glossed as 'abode of lions', and attributed to a
6037:
5971:
4191:
8195:
8170:
8039:
8009:
7866:
7646:
7636:
7446:
7025:
6454:
6202:
5851:
4187:
4081:
An exception to this is formed by statements of quantity which usually stand behind what they define.
3459:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2725:
2620:
2482:
2142:
1106:
748:
667:
223:
218:
213:
6207:
5976:
5058:
1301:
for thighs, that are derived from pre-Sinhalese languages of Sri Lanka. The oldest Sinhala grammar,
808:
8242:
8049:
7770:
7755:
7687:
7661:
7651:
7576:
7293:
7083:
7010:
6983:
6735:
6565:
6113:
5966:
5819:
2576:
1608:
1600:
1359:
895:
4542:: Arguments of a sentence can be omitted when they can be inferred from context. This is true for
8054:
7967:
7932:
7704:
7222:
6957:
6647:
6575:
6570:
6346:
6217:
5492:
5438:
5171:
5142:
4981:
4946:
4938:
4675:
3678:
3649:
Forming plurals in Sinhala is unpredictable. In Sinhala animate nouns, the plural is marked with
2627:
2571:
2507:
2478:
2474:
899:
773:
729:
228:
422:
8091:
8077:
4878:
Prof. Senarat Paranavithana (1970), Inscriptions of Ceylon Volume I – Early Brāhmī Inscriptions
8247:
8061:
7730:
7699:
7677:
7641:
7483:
7441:
7346:
7288:
7053:
6975:
6970:
6879:
6800:
6780:
6702:
6627:
6544:
6477:
5797:
5782:
5734:
5704:
5638:
5559:
5484:
5430:
4973:
4930:
4893:
4765:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4259:
3594:
3440:
3285:
3115:
3107:
2591:
2581:
2117:
1222:
975:
747:
Mirror Wall. These poems are believed to have been composed by pilgrims who came to visit the
5880:
5261:
4999:
2363:
in special circumstances, although the tendency now is to spell words with the full letter ර
832:
8165:
8155:
8101:
8034:
7912:
7902:
7881:
7876:
7851:
7790:
7682:
7656:
7619:
7614:
7568:
7514:
7467:
7426:
7377:
7322:
7283:
7232:
7151:
7121:
7068:
7058:
6916:
6911:
6903:
6889:
6839:
6795:
6707:
6513:
6462:
6264:
6174:
6143:
5945:
5828:
5476:
5422:
5300:
5201:
5044:
The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign India, China, and Australia
4922:
4690:
4685:
4667:
4653:
4267:
2566:
2561:
1371:
1110:
694:
671:
564:
471:
170:
1255:
for leaf in Sinhala and Vedda (although others suggest a Dravidian origin for this word.),
8210:
8044:
7999:
7886:
7856:
7813:
7765:
7725:
7631:
7581:
7552:
7530:
7462:
7372:
7332:
7298:
7242:
7237:
7196:
7181:
7161:
7156:
7146:
7136:
7126:
7098:
7088:
7078:
7073:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7015:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6884:
6805:
6730:
6686:
6642:
6637:
6622:
6617:
6560:
6523:
6518:
6138:
6108:
5817:
Zubair, Cala Ann (2015). "Sexual violence and the creation of an empowered female voice".
5024:
4138:
As is common in left-branching languages, it has no prepositions, only postpositions (see
3511:
3492:
2820:
2598:
2586:
2173:
2121:
1604:
1588:
1578:
1338:
713:
683:
308:
304:
277:
195:
5874:
5719:
5119:
4890:
The language of the Early Brahmi inscriptions of Sri Lanka# Epigraphical Notes Nos.22-23
8220:
7962:
7871:
7803:
7798:
7780:
7760:
7547:
7540:
7509:
7403:
7351:
7191:
7186:
7141:
7116:
7108:
7063:
7033:
7000:
6851:
6760:
6725:
6717:
6681:
6632:
6498:
6397:
6366:
6325:
6133:
6011:
5731:
Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region
2912:
is restricted to loans, typically for English. They are commonly sometimes replaced by
2637:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2198:
2169:
1592:
1246:
1242:
1076:
846:
760:
725:
687:
679:
448:
444:
432:
299:
289:
273:
4601:
2952:
1178:
399:
8263:
8205:
7861:
7775:
7750:
7535:
6874:
6775:
6222:
5778:
5701:
The evolution of an ethnic identity: The Tamils in Sri Lanka C. 300 BCE to C. 1200 CE
5673:
Crothers, John H.; Lorentz, James P.; Sherman, Donald A.; Vihman, Marilyn M. (1979).
4950:
4757:
4695:
4633:
3607:
3575:
3562:
3543:
3436:
3004:
2208:
842:
838:
87:
51:
2420:, is attested in the script, although only a few words using this letter are known (
2234:, where the consonants are written with letters while the vowels are indicated with
755:
8200:
6965:
6042:
6016:
2965:
2220:
2156:) in equational sentences is required in literary but prohibited in spoken Sinhala.
1648:
924:
71:
5858:
Colombo: The "Ceylon Observer" Printing Works; London: Probsthain & Co., 1924.
4913:
Paolillo, John C. (1997). "Sinhala Diglossia: Discrete or Continuous Variation?".
1157:
1151:
1123:
1117:
1079:, an example of a possible Western feature in Sinhala is the retention of initial
915:
17:
5855:
4863:
7278:
7093:
6596:
6259:
4334:
4012:
3524:
3337:
3048:
2999:
2844:
2442:
a/ā æ/ǣ i/ī u/ū e/ē o/ō k g ṅ c j ṭ ḍ t d n p b m y r l v s h f
2281:
2064:
Here the Kandy people say 'Ayya' while the Kegalle and Galle people say 'Ayye'.
739:
185:
180:
4661:
3252:
is always stressed in nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, and so is not pronounced
7387:
7356:
7327:
5480:
5426:
5205:
4926:
4736:
4643:
4263:
4139:
4132:
3654:
3420:
3416:
3138:
3009:
2465:
1341:
substratum effect. This has been explained by a period of prior bilingualism:
979:
721:
693:
Sinhala is one of the official and national languages of Sri Lanka, alongside
5525:
5488:
5434:
5366:
https://archive.org/details/sinhala-an-indo-aryan-isolate-prof.-james-w.-gair
4977:
4934:
3403:
The main features marked on Sinhala nouns are case, number, definiteness and
1634:, so the language had strong Malay and Sinhala influence from the beginning.
8177:
8086:
8066:
6755:
6750:
6482:
5940:
5832:
4400:
3087:
2895:
2771:
2642:
2542:
2235:
2113:
1627:
1596:
1210:
733:
702:
675:
392:
376:
358:
340:
1145:
1088:
782:
5029:
A comparative grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian Family of Languages
4731:
3800:
3794:
3303:
2889:
2440:
2397:
2380:
2267:
2261:
2239:
2151:
2137:
Sinhala is in the spoken or literary variety. Other distinctions include:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1139:
1133:
1094:
1061:
1048:
1042:
1028:
1022:
1016:
995:
989:
983:
962:
956:
938:
932:
909:
903:
830:
806:
546:
383:
123:
8215:
7957:
7308:
6770:
6765:
6745:
6503:
6275:
6153:
3670:
3432:
3428:
2882:
is found in learned borrowings from Sanskrit, including in the honorific
2434:
2403:
2245:
1616:
1358:, several phonetic and grammatical features also present in neighbouring
1274:
928:
788:
744:
553:
149:
5175:
5146:
4985:
1100:
8149:
8020:
7493:
7227:
6740:
6423:
6087:
5865:
Kolamba : Samskrtika Katayutu Pilibanda Departamentuva, 2007–2009.
5496:
5464:
5442:
5410:
4942:
4396:
3404:
2231:
1623:
1326:
948:
854:
709:
7488:
7337:
7312:
6869:
6861:
6785:
6676:
6601:
5465:"Formalizing Formality: An Analysis of Register Variation in Sinhala"
3666:
3424:
2333:
2130:
1230:
944:
5675:
Handbook of Phonological Data from a Sample of the World's Languages
5299:, vol. 50, no. 2, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1929, pp. 138–55,
3415:
Sinhala distinguishes several cases. The five primary cases are the
431: Sinhala is the majority language where the vast majority are
5898:
5660:
Aspects of the Phonology of the Sinhalese Verb; A Prosodic Analysis
5304:
2248:
like English where both consonants and vowels are full letters, or
857:. This influx led to an admixture of features of Eastern Prakrits.
845:
and his entourage merged in Sri Lanka with later settlers from the
7303:
7201:
2951:
2249:
2177:
2126:
1631:
1615:. It is now spoken by a few families in Macau and in the Macanese
1612:
754:
738:
5677:(Technical report). Stanford Phonology Archive. pp. 160–162.
1261:
for pig in Vedda and offering in Sinhala. Other common words are
982:
into geminates and single consonants respectively (e.g. Sanskrit
8004:
7317:
6387:
6356:
6047:
5862:
2430:
2407:
1163:
818:
698:
6427:
6279:
5902:
5868:
5099:
Buddhism, ethnicity and Identity: A problem of Buddhist History
1487:
743:
There are 1,500 poems written in the 6th-10th centuries on the
8096:
5961:
5047:. Vol. 20. Parbury, Allen, and Company. 1836. p. 30.
4596:
4328:
4006:
3331:
1173:
1128:) in Sinhalese Prakrit. There are several cases of vocabulary
869:
796:
636:
597:
260:
29:
5190:"UNESCO Collection of Representative Works, Sinhalese Series"
3248:), or a final consonant without a following vowel. The sound
927:
distinction; long vowels in the modern language are found in
890:
The most important phonetic developments of Sinhala include:
1219:
School of African and Oriental Studies, University of London
5077:"The Consecrating of Vijaya - the island of Lanka - Kuvani"
3677:, and do not mark the plural. This can be interpreted as a
627:
615:
588:
519:
513:
510:
495:
489:
2510:
of the preceding syllable is left unchanged. For example,
1523:
5558:(2 ed.). Colombo: M. D. Gunasena & Company Ltd.
2076:
sound at the end of verbs while the Kegalle people add a
621:
612:
573:
507:
480:
2359:
There are also a few diacritics for consonants, such as
1319:(fort or harbour) as belonging to an indigenous source.
865:
The development of Sinhala is divided into four epochs:
5721:
A colloquial Sinhalese reader in phonetic transcription
4613:
2525:
All consonants other than the prenasalised consonants,
2223:, but it has also taken some elements from the related
1190:
5839:
Article on the use of slang amongst Sinhalese Raggers.
5759:(2nd ed.). New Delhi: Asian Educational Services.
5658:
Rajapaksa Mudiyanselage Wilson Rajapaksa (July 1988).
5411:"Sinhala Diglossia: Discrete or Continuous Variation?"
5200:(3). London: George Allen and Unwin Limited: 623–624.
5194:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
1122:
for masculine nominative singular (instead of Western
5612:
Research Report on Phonetics and Phonology of Sinhala
5364:
James W Gair - Sinhala, an Indo-Aryan isolate (1996)
4489:
4480:
4464:
4399:
system (which is rare): There are four demonstrative
3450:
3444:
2517:
2511:
2466:"The Sound of the Sinhala language" (ILoveLanguages!)
2368:
2347:
2202:
2188:
1150:
but stem from two regionally different Prakrit words
648:
639:
609:
606:
600:
576:
570:
567:
528:
504:
483:
477:
3308:("question"). Words cannot end in nasals other than
2193:) means "welcome", literally wishing one a long life
1325:
is the source of the name of the commercial capital
633:
594:
516:
492:
8186:
8142:
8119:
8075:
8018:
7992:
7983:
7950:
7925:
7895:
7844:
7833:
7826:
7789:
7743:
7713:
7670:
7607:
7596:
7561:
7523:
7502:
7476:
7455:
7434:
7425:
7416:
7396:
7365:
7271:
7262:
7215:
7107:
7024:
6956:
6949:
6902:
6860:
6832:
6825:
6818:
6716:
6695:
6669:
6660:
6610:
6589:
6553:
6537:
6491:
6470:
6461:
6380:
6334:
6313:
6252:
6236:
6193:
6162:
6126:
6101:
6065:
6056:
6025:
5994:
5954:
2964:Sinhala has seven vowel qualities, with a phonemic
2454:
720:Prakrits that had been used during the time of the
630:
591:
582:
501:
486:
474:
406:
390:
374:
356:
338:
333:
323:
318:
286:
267:
253:
192:
176:
166:
156:
141:
111:
3324:at the end of a word behaves as its own syllable.
2894:), found in phrases including the country's name,
2020:Different regional variations of Sinhala language
2030:(Elder Brother, Are you coming to sow tomorrow?)
77:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
5549:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5116:"Sri Lanka: A Short History of Sinhala Language"
4865:History of the Evolution of the Sinhala Alphabet
5118:. WWW Virtual Library Sri Lanka. Archived from
3216:determining the pronunciation of a given word.
1343:
1227:An anthology of Sinhalese literature up to 1815
1116:An example of an Eastern feature is the ending
701:, it played a major role in the development of
5584:Parawahera, Nimal Pannakitti (25 April 1990).
4964:Gair, James W. (1968). "Sinhalese Diglossia".
3312:. Because of historical loss of the fricative
1660:The Sabaragamu variation (Kegalle, Balangoda).
1582:
6439:
6291:
5914:
5579:
5577:
5575:
4892:. Department of Archaeology. pp. 12–19.
4495:
4474:
4458:
4452:"there, close to a third person, not visible"
4444:
4433:
4422:
4411:
3298:
3257:
3243:
3233:
3220:
3199:
3190:
2983:
2977:
2899:
2883:
2421:
2411:
2374:
2337:
2182:
2145:
1990:
1976:
1962:
1950:
1665:Uva regional variation in relation to grammar
1375:
800:
724:. The most closely related languages are the
540:
117:
8:
5881:"Sigiri Graffiti: poetry on the mirror-wall"
5000:"Sigiri Graffiti: poetry on the mirror-wall"
4636:may be integrated into the vocabulary used.
1144:("flea"), which both correspond to Sanskrit
1113:, no copy of which shows this sound change.
4363:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4041:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3435:. Some scholars also suggest that it has a
3366:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2957:
751:of Sigiriya, which was active at this time.
7989:
7841:
7830:
7604:
7431:
7422:
7268:
6953:
6829:
6822:
6666:
6467:
6446:
6432:
6424:
6298:
6284:
6276:
6062:
5921:
5907:
5899:
5869:Sinhala Dictionary and Language Translator
5587:Phonology and Morphology of Modern Sinhala
4588:can mean "where did I/you/he/she/we... go"
4135:, common to most left-branching languages.
3665:. Most inanimates mark the plural through
1961:
1225:medal for his work. He wrote the 377-page
881:Modern Sinhala (13th c. CE to the present)
878:Medieval Sinhala (8th c. CE to 13th c. CE)
421:
133:
108:
5340:
5328:
5316:
5295:Tuttle, Edwin H. "Dravidian Researches".
4868:. Colombo Apothecaries' Company, Limited.
4441:"there, close to a third person, visible"
4383:Learn how and when to remove this message
4061:Learn how and when to remove this message
3386:Learn how and when to remove this message
3288:, only present in certain interjections.
1699:General way of pluralizing Sinhala words
1657:The up-country variation (Kandy, Matale).
1209:In 1815, the island of Ceylon came under
4473:Sinhalese has an all-purpose odd suffix
3815:
3683:
3464:
3455:("near") directly after the nominative.
2993:
2555:
2328:(surrounding the consonant). For simple
2010:
1695:
1384:with the meanings "that" and "if", e.g.:
1087:in the Eastern languages (e.g. Sanskrit
1060:from Sanskrit nasal + voiced stops (see
5764:Gair, James; Paolillo, John C. (1997).
5724:. Manchester: Longmans, Green & Co.
5693:Sinhala and Other South Asian Languages
5609:Wasala, Asanka; Gamage, Kumudu (1996).
5031:, London: Trübner & Co., p. 86
4857:
4855:
4828:"Census of Population and Housing 2001"
4798:"Census of Population and Housing 2011"
4717:
2389:completes the word ("ශ්ර" → "ශ්රී").
2320:(before the consonant); and lastly, කො
1654:The southern variation (Matara, Galle).
27:Indo-Aryan language native to Sri Lanka
5158:
4430:"there, close to the person addressed"
2501:, or 'half nasal' consonants. A short
2451:
1350:Influences from neighbouring languages
875:Proto-Sinhala (4th c. CE to 8th c. CE)
5729:Van Driem, George (15 January 2002).
5389:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5239:University of Madras Tamil Lexicon, "
4862:Jayarajan, Paul M. (1 January 1976).
4727:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4706:List of Sinhala words of Tamil origin
2230:The writing system for Sinhala is an
1603:, which was originally spoken by the
552:
457: Sinhala is a minority language
266:
148:
7:
5590:(PhD thesis). University of Victoria
5352:
5218:
4361:adding citations to reliable sources
4039:adding citations to reliable sources
3673:from English mark the singular with
3364:adding citations to reliable sources
2936:due to its similarity to the native
1333:South Dravidian substratum influence
1071:Western vs. Eastern Prakrit features
5799:A Grammar of the Sinhalese Language
5662:(PhD thesis). University of London.
4833:. Statistics.gov.lk. Archived from
2280:in unstressed syllables. The other
1702:The way Uva people pluralize words
1546:it new Q having-said I know-EMP not
5775:Studies in South Asian Linguistics
5087:from the original on 20 June 2023.
4786:The Linguistics Student's Handbook
1549:"I do not know whether it is new."
1543:ēka aḷut da kiyalā mama dannē næhæ
67:for transliterated languages, and
47:of its non-English content, using
25:
5809:An Introduction to Spoken Sinhala
5556:An Introduction to Spoken Sinhala
5297:The American Journal of Philology
4701:Madura English–Sinhala Dictionary
3934:pipenə pipenə/ pipi pipi(spoken)
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3129:
3122:
3114:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3078:
3071:
3060:
3053:
2865:
2856:
2849:
2827:
2811:
2801:
2791:
2783:
2777:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2626:
2619:
2610:
2603:
908:"to eat" corresponds to Sanskrit
774:Names of Sri Lanka § Sinhala
8152:(unknown further classification)
5985:
5718:Perera, H.S.; Jones, D. (1919).
5279:A Dravidian Etymology Dictionary
4762:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
4742:
4660:
4646:
4600:
4333:
4262:that are formed by the means of
4011:
3336:
2920:respectively. Some speakers use
2460:
2112:In Sinhala there is distinctive
1651:variation (Monaragala, Badulla).
1177:
861:Stages of historical development
563:
470:
34:
6409:Recognized as a "link" language
5856:A Sinhalese-English dictionary.
5262:Kola-munna, Anguna-kola-pelessa
2007:Kandy, Kegalle and Galle people
1237:Substratum influence in Sinhala
1217:as a Sinhalese lecturer at the
1027:"moon" corresponds to Sanskrit
6243:
6154:Romanization (transliteration)
5863:Sanksipta Simhala Sabdakosaya.
5861:Simhala Sabdakosa Karyamsaya.
5699:Indrapala, Karthigesu (2007).
3929:arinə arinə / æra æra(spoken)
2928:, as in English, and some use
2244:) on those consonants, unlike
1630:rather than from neighbouring
1540:ඒක අලුත් ද කියලා මම දන්නේ නැහැ
1233:National Commission of Ceylon
1132:, one example being the words
1047:"web" corresponds to Sanskrit
988:"time" > Sinhalese Prakrit
805:. The name is a derivative of
716:, a regional associate of the
83:multilingual support templates
1:
8290:Subject–object–verb languages
8275:Southern Indo-Aryan languages
5733:. Brill Academic Publishers.
5554:Karunatillake, W. S. (1998).
5394:Kahandgamage, Sandya (2011).
4074:Left-branching language (see
3265:("forty"), where the initial
2332:without a following vowel, a
2017:The common Sinhala variation
1574:Influences on other languages
1170:Pre-1815 Sinhalese literature
1162:(as in Eastern Prakrits like
6362:Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole
5807:Karunatillake, W.S. (1992).
4529:the president (third person)
4419:"here, close to the speaker"
2028:Ayye heta wapuranna enwada?
1447:ēka aḷut kiyalā mama dannavā
1380:"to say" as a subordinating
1158:
1152:
1124:
1118:
916:
6381:Formerly spoken and extinct
5781:: Oxford University Press.
4966:Anthropological Linguistics
4681:Sinhala idioms and proverbs
4571:
4560:
4518:
4510:
4490:
4481:
4465:
4303:
4292:
4281:
4224:
4213:
4164:
4153:
4103:
4092:
3924:kanə kanə / ka kaa(spoken)
3801:
3795:
3451:
3445:
3304:
2890:
2518:
2512:
2441:
2398:
2381:
2369:
2348:
2268:
2262:
2240:
2203:
2189:
2152:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1532:
1518:
1507:
1496:
1483:
1472:
1461:
1436:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1392:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1062:
1049:
1043:
1029:
1023:
1017:
996:
990:
984:
963:
957:
939:
933:
910:
904:
831:
829:According to the chronicle
807:
783:
547:
124:
8306:
5875:Kapruka Sinhala dictionary
5757:Sinhala English Dictionary
5518:"Ancient Scripts: Sinhala"
5463:Paolillo, John C. (2000).
5409:Paolillo, John C. (1997).
5188:Gombrich, Richard (1970).
5103:Journal of Buddhist Ethics
4320:"The man who writes books"
3793:The indefinite article is
3269:is stressed and the final
3187:complementary distribution
2956:Sinhala vowel chart, from
2416:), representing the sound
2334:vowel-cancelling diacritic
2312:(below the consonant); කෙ
2304:(above the consonant); කු
2296:(after the consonant); කි
2276:in stressed syllables and
2207:, is based on the ancient
2167:
2097:at the end of most verbs.
1581:or Macau Creole (known as
771:
8229:
6406:
6372:Sri Lankan sign languages
5983:
5936:
5703:. Colombo: Vijitha Yapa.
5481:10.1017/S0022226700008148
5427:10.1017/S0047404500020935
5206:10.1017/S0041977X00128812
4927:10.1017/S0047404500020935
4764:(3rd ed.). Longman.
4496:
4475:
4459:
4445:
4434:
4423:
4412:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3588:
3585:
3556:
3553:
3505:
3502:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3299:
3258:
3244:
3234:
3221:
3200:
3191:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2984:
2978:
2900:
2884:
2843:
2819:
2770:
2636:
2597:
2558:
2459:
2422:
2412:
2375:
2338:
2183:
2146:
2066:Also, Kandy people add a
1450:it new having-said I know
872:(3rd c. BCE to 4th c. CE)
815:supposed former abundance
541:
420:
325:Official language in
132:
118:
116:
8030:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
5796:Geiger, Wilhelm (1938).
5635:Teach Yourself Sinhalese
5620:Working Papers 2004-2007
2958:Perera & Jones (1919
2516:'copper' contrasts with
2410:loan words. One letter (
1453:"I know that it is new."
1444:ඒක අලුත් කියලා මම දන්නවා
791:term; the corresponding
670:primarily spoken by the
183:: 16 million (2021)
5871:– Madura Online English
5833:10.1558/genl.v9i2.17909
5097:Gananath Obeyesekere, "
3207:("to do"). In writing,
2499:prenasalised consonants
2352:) is used, creating ක්
2284:vowels are written: කා
1583:
1213:. During the career of
1156:(Western Prakrits) and
1105:). This is disputed by
1058:prenasalized consonants
953:intervocalic consonants
801:
686:closely related to the
8285:Languages of Sri Lanka
8238:Indo-Iranian languages
6307:Languages of Sri Lanka
5633:Silva, A.W.L. (2008).
5522:www.ancientscripts.com
5469:Journal of Linguistics
5059:"The Coming of Vijaya"
4632:In informal contexts,
4568:
4557:
4515:
4507:
4405:demonstrative pronouns
4300:
4289:
4278:
4221:
4210:
4161:
4150:
4100:
4089:
3449:("with the hand") and
2961:
2497:Sinhala has so-called
2194:
1991:
1977:
1963:
1951:
1902:
1891:
1851:
1840:
1814:
1803:
1763:
1752:
1720:
1709:
1587:to its speakers) is a
1529:
1515:
1504:
1493:
1480:
1469:
1458:
1433:
1422:
1411:
1400:
1389:
1376:
1367:the loss of aspiration
1347:
974:the simplification of
764:
752:
7908:Maharashtrian Konkani
6412:a liturgical language
5768:. Newcastle: München.
5398:. Nugegoda: Sarasavi.
5258:Place Name of the Day
4888:Dias, Malini (2020).
4802:www.statistics.gov.lk
4196:locative predications
4194:, which are used for
2955:
2266:on its own indicates
2181:
1083:which developed into
1033:) and development of
937:"exam" < Sanskrit
923:the loss of original
898:as a distinction for
758:
742:
188:: 2.0 million (1997)
8196:Andaman Creole Hindi
7627:Bishnupriya Manipuri
7447:Caribbean Hindustani
6455:Indo-Aryan languages
6415:a dialect of Sinhala
5852:Charles Henry Carter
5773:Gair, James (1998).
4784:Laurie Bauer, 2007,
4395:There is a four-way
4357:improve this section
4246:There are almost no
4035:improve this section
3360:improve this section
1638:Accents and dialects
1591:derived mainly from
1354:In addition to many
1215:Christopher Reynolds
1107:Muhammad Shahidullah
994:> Modern Sinhala
943:) or as a result of
886:Phonetic development
557:), sometimes called
81:. Knowledge (XXG)'s
45:specify the language
43:This article should
8243:Nuristani languages
7975:Mitanni superstrate
6581:Wotapuri-Katarqalai
6114:Macanese Portuguese
5820:Gender and Language
5755:Clough, B. (1997).
5415:Language in Society
5285:on 2 February 2022.
5122:on 28 December 2013
4915:Language in Society
4129:subject–object–verb
3256:except in the word
2050:enawada? (Kegalle)
2013:
1360:Dravidian languages
1267:for wild duck, and
980:geminate consonants
967:) or in originally
837:, written in Pali,
668:Indo-Aryan language
8280:Fusional languages
8129:Proto-Indo-Iranian
8010:Early Ardhamagadhi
6347:Sri Lankan English
6314:Official languages
6213:Gender differences
5275:"kal (kaṟ-, kaṉ-)"
5260:: 23 March 2014, "
5254:Know the Etymology
5083:. 8 October 2011.
4676:Sinhala honorifics
4612:. You can help by
4526:janadhipathi thuma
4314:/pot liənə minisa/
4260:non-finite clauses
4120:"the four flowers"
3789:Indefinite article
3679:singulative number
3399:Nominal morphology
2962:
2475:insular Indo-Aryan
2195:
2011:
1938:Southern variation
1554:European influence
1229:, selected by the
1189:. You can help by
1093:"twenty", Sinhala
976:consonant clusters
900:plosive consonants
765:
753:
749:Buddhist monastery
730:Maldivian language
703:Theravada Buddhist
554:[ˈsiŋɦələ]
224:Insular Indo-Aryan
150:[ˈsiŋɦələ]
18:Sinhalese language
8257:
8256:
8248:Iranian languages
8115:
8114:
8035:Dramatic Prakrits
7946:
7945:
7921:
7920:
7822:
7821:
7739:
7738:
7695:Rajbanshi (Nepal)
7592:
7591:
7412:
7411:
7258:
7257:
7248:list of languages
6945:
6944:
6898:
6897:
6814:
6813:
6656:
6655:
6421:
6420:
6273:
6272:
6122:
6121:
5788:978-0-19-509521-0
5740:978-90-04-10390-0
5710:978-955-1266-72-1
5644:978-955-96926-0-7
5105:, 10, (2003): 46.
5065:. 8 October 2011.
4899:978-955-7457-30-7
4771:978-1-4058-8118-0
4740:(27th ed., 2024)
4630:
4629:
4540:pro-drop language
4393:
4392:
4385:
4317:books writing man
4268:verbal adjectives
4192:existential verbs
4071:
4070:
4063:
4000:
3999:
3852:present (future)
3847:verbal adjective
3841:verbal adjective
3835:verbal adjective
3809:Verbal morphology
3799:for animates and
3782:
3781:
3642:
3641:
3570:minissu(n) laᵑgə
3396:
3395:
3388:
3286:marginal phonemes
3198:("shoulder") and
3176:
3175:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
2974:⟨r⟩
2877:
2876:
2737:
2693:
2649:
2549:is replaced with
2477:language, it and
2471:
2470:
2118:literary language
2102:
2101:
2041:enawada? (Kandy)
1935:
1934:
1568:English loanwords
1223:Sri Lanka Ranjana
1207:
1206:
793:Middle Indo-Aryan
463:
462:
105:
104:
85:may also be used.
16:(Redirected from
8297:
8270:Sinhala language
8134:Proto-Indo-Aryan
7990:
7913:Canarese Konkani
7842:
7831:
7605:
7432:
7423:
7269:
6954:
6830:
6823:
6667:
6468:
6448:
6441:
6434:
6425:
6352:Sri Lankan Malay
6342:Sri Lankan Tamil
6300:
6293:
6286:
6277:
6265:Sinhala Only Act
6063:
6038:Literary Sinhala
5989:
5972:Medieval Sinhala
5946:Sinhalese people
5930:Sinhala language
5923:
5916:
5909:
5900:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5836:
5812:
5803:
5792:
5769:
5760:
5744:
5725:
5714:
5695:, New York 1998.
5679:
5678:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5637:. A.W.L. Silva.
5630:
5624:
5623:
5617:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5595:
5581:
5570:
5569:
5551:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5528:on 10 March 2016
5524:. Archived from
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5391:
5378:
5375:
5369:
5362:
5356:
5350:
5344:
5338:
5332:
5326:
5320:
5314:
5308:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5281:. Archived from
5271:
5265:
5250:
5244:
5237:
5231:
5228:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5185:
5179:
5168:
5162:
5156:
5150:
5138:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5112:
5106:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5025:Caldwell, Robert
5021:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5010:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4885:
4879:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4839:
4832:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4808:on 28 April 2017
4804:. Archived from
4794:
4788:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4729:
4691:Sinhala numerals
4686:Sinhala keyboard
4670:
4668:Languages portal
4665:
4664:
4656:
4654:Sri Lanka portal
4651:
4650:
4649:
4625:
4622:
4604:
4597:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4388:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4368:
4337:
4329:
4311:පොත් ලියන මිනිසා
4190:. There are two
4181:"under the book"
4066:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4046:
4015:
4007:
3954:pipennə/pipenḍə
3816:
3804:
3798:
3684:
3602:minissu(n) atiŋ
3567:miniha(ː) laᵑgə
3551:minissu(ŋ)ge(ː)
3465:
3454:
3448:
3391:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3371:
3340:
3332:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3184:
3180:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3133:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3082:
3075:
3064:
3057:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2869:
2860:
2853:
2831:
2815:
2805:
2795:
2787:
2781:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2647:
2630:
2623:
2614:
2607:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2515:
2488:
2464:
2463:
2452:
2444:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2401:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2243:
2211:, and is thus a
2206:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2014:
1997:
1983:
1969:
1957:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1586:
1525:
1489:
1379:
1372:attributive verb
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1202:
1199:
1181:
1174:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1127:
1121:
1111:edicts of Ashoka
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1065:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1006:
999:
993:
987:
966:
960:
942:
936:
919:
913:
907:
836:
812:
804:
786:
690:of South India.
672:Sinhalese people
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
645:
642:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
624:
623:
618:
617:
614:
611:
608:
603:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
585:
584:
579:
578:
575:
572:
569:
556:
550:
544:
543:
535:
531:
526:
525:
522:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
498:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
456:
442:
441:
430:
425:
416:
402:
386:
379:
370:
369:
361:
352:
351:
343:
292:
198:
152:
147:
137:
127:
121:
120:
109:
100:
97:
91:
76:
70:
66:
60:
56:
50:
38:
37:
30:
21:
8305:
8304:
8300:
8299:
8298:
8296:
8295:
8294:
8260:
8259:
8258:
8253:
8252:
8225:
8188:
8182:
8138:
8121:
8111:
8071:
8014:
8000:Ashokan Prakrit
7979:
7942:
7917:
7891:
7836:
7818:
7785:
7735:
7709:
7666:
7599:
7588:
7557:
7519:
7498:
7472:
7451:
7408:
7392:
7361:
7333:Hyderabadi Urdu
7254:
7211:
7103:
7020:
6941:
6894:
6885:Pahari-Pothwari
6856:
6810:
6791:Pahari Kinnauri
6712:
6691:
6652:
6618:Indus Kohistani
6611:Hazara Division
6606:
6585:
6549:
6533:
6487:
6457:
6452:
6422:
6417:
6402:
6376:
6330:
6309:
6304:
6274:
6269:
6248:
6232:
6195:
6189:
6163:Computerization
6158:
6149:Archaic numbers
6118:
6109:Macanese Patois
6097:
6059:other languages
6058:
6052:
6021:
5990:
5981:
5950:
5932:
5927:
5889:
5887:
5879:
5848:
5816:
5806:
5795:
5789:
5772:
5763:
5754:
5751:
5749:Further reading
5741:
5728:
5717:
5711:
5698:
5688:
5683:
5682:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5645:
5632:
5631:
5627:
5615:
5608:
5607:
5603:
5593:
5591:
5583:
5582:
5573:
5566:
5553:
5552:
5541:
5531:
5529:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5501:
5499:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5447:
5445:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5393:
5392:
5381:
5376:
5372:
5363:
5359:
5351:
5347:
5339:
5335:
5327:
5323:
5315:
5311:
5294:
5290:
5273:
5272:
5268:
5251:
5247:
5238:
5234:
5229:
5225:
5217:
5213:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5169:
5165:
5157:
5153:
5139:
5135:
5125:
5123:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5096:
5092:
5075:
5074:
5070:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5008:
5006:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4900:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4877:
4873:
4861:
4860:
4853:
4843:
4841:
4840:on 12 July 2022
4837:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4811:
4809:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4783:
4779:
4772:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4741:
4730:
4719:
4714:
4666:
4659:
4652:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4610:needs expansion
4595:
4590:
4577:
4566:
4555:
4536:
4531:
4521:
4513:
4505:
4471:
4389:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4354:
4338:
4327:
4322:
4309:
4298:
4287:
4276:
4243:
4230:
4219:
4208:
4186:Sinhala has no
4183:
4170:
4159:
4148:
4124:
4121:
4109:
4098:
4087:
4067:
4056:
4050:
4047:
4032:
4016:
4005:
3811:
3791:
3647:
3599:miniha(ː) atiŋ
3548:miniha(ː)ge(ː)
3413:
3401:
3392:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3357:
3341:
3330:
3294:
3273:is unstressed.
3185:have a largely
2973:
2950:
2641:
2570:
2495:
2461:
2450:
2445:
2176:
2174:Sinhala Braille
2168:Main articles:
2166:
2122:spoken language
2110:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2068:
2056:heta wapuranna
2009:
1940:
1929:
1914:
1900:
1884:
1866:
1849:
1835:
1823:
1812:
1796:
1778:
1761:
1747:
1732:
1718:
1667:
1640:
1605:Macanese people
1589:creole language
1579:Macanese Patois
1576:
1556:
1551:
1538:
1527:
1513:
1502:
1491:
1478:
1467:
1455:
1442:
1431:
1420:
1409:
1398:
1370:the use of the
1356:Tamil loanwords
1352:
1339:South Dravidian
1335:
1304:Sidatsan̆garavā
1273:for stones (in
1239:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1187:needs expansion
1172:
1073:
1056:development of
1003:development of
947:, either after
888:
863:
827:
821:on the island.
776:
770:
759:Letters of the
661:
657:
653:
649:
626:
620:
605:
587:
581:
566:
562:
533:
529:
500:
473:
469:
459:
458:
454:
452:
439:
438:
436:
428:
412:
398:
382:
375:
365:
364:
357:
347:
346:
339:
326:
319:Official status
314:
309:Bharati Braille
305:Sinhala Braille
293:
288:
278:Creole language
263:
256:
249:
199:
196:Language family
194:
184:
145:
101:
95:
92:
86:
74:
68:
64:
62:transliteration
58:
54:
48:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8303:
8301:
8293:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8262:
8261:
8255:
8254:
8251:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8231:
8230:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8192:
8190:
8184:
8183:
8181:
8180:
8175:
8174:
8173:
8168:
8158:
8153:
8146:
8144:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8136:
8131:
8125:
8123:
8117:
8116:
8113:
8112:
8110:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8083:
8081:
8073:
8072:
8070:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8058:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8032:
8026:
8024:
8016:
8015:
8013:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7996:
7994:
7987:
7981:
7980:
7978:
7977:
7972:
7971:
7970:
7965:
7954:
7952:
7948:
7947:
7944:
7943:
7941:
7940:
7935:
7929:
7927:
7923:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7899:
7897:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7848:
7846:
7839:
7828:
7824:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7795:
7793:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7747:
7745:
7741:
7740:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7717:
7715:
7711:
7710:
7708:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7674:
7672:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7611:
7609:
7602:
7594:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7587:
7586:
7585:
7584:
7579:
7571:
7565:
7563:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7544:
7543:
7538:
7527:
7525:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7517:
7512:
7506:
7504:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7480:
7478:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7459:
7457:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7449:
7444:
7438:
7436:
7429:
7420:
7414:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7406:
7400:
7398:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7369:
7367:
7363:
7362:
7360:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7343:
7342:
7341:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7315:
7306:
7301:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7275:
7273:
7266:
7260:
7259:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7252:
7251:
7250:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7219:
7217:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7113:
7111:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7030:
7028:
7022:
7021:
7019:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
7001:Lisan ud-Dawat
6998:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6962:
6960:
6951:
6947:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6908:
6906:
6900:
6899:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6866:
6864:
6858:
6857:
6855:
6854:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6836:
6834:
6827:
6820:
6816:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6722:
6720:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6705:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6673:
6671:
6664:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6614:
6612:
6608:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6557:
6555:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6547:
6541:
6539:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6495:
6493:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6480:
6474:
6472:
6465:
6459:
6458:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6443:
6436:
6428:
6419:
6418:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6384:
6382:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6338:
6336:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6323:
6317:
6315:
6311:
6310:
6305:
6303:
6302:
6295:
6288:
6280:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6256:
6254:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6240:
6238:
6234:
6233:
6231:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6208:Spoken Sinhala
6205:
6199:
6197:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6130:
6128:
6127:Writing system
6124:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6069:
6067:
6060:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6029:
6027:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6014:
6012:Rodiya dialect
6009:
6004:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5991:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5977:Modern Sinhala
5974:
5969:
5964:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5918:
5911:
5903:
5897:
5896:
5877:
5872:
5866:
5859:
5847:
5846:External links
5844:
5843:
5842:
5827:(2): 279–317.
5814:
5804:
5793:
5787:
5770:
5761:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5739:
5726:
5715:
5709:
5696:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5665:
5650:
5643:
5625:
5601:
5571:
5564:
5539:
5509:
5475:(2): 215–259.
5455:
5421:(2): 269–296.
5401:
5379:
5370:
5357:
5345:
5341:Indrapala 2007
5333:
5329:Indrapala 2007
5321:
5317:Van Driem 2002
5309:
5305:10.2307/290412
5288:
5266:
5245:
5232:
5223:
5211:
5180:
5163:
5151:
5133:
5107:
5090:
5068:
5050:
5034:
5016:
4991:
4956:
4921:(2): 269–296.
4905:
4898:
4880:
4871:
4851:
4819:
4789:
4777:
4770:
4758:Wells, John C.
4749:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4657:
4641:
4638:
4628:
4627:
4607:
4605:
4594:
4591:
4567:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4535:
4532:
4514:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4470:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4442:
4431:
4420:
4391:
4390:
4373:September 2023
4341:
4339:
4332:
4326:
4323:
4299:
4288:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4220:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4160:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4136:
4099:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4069:
4068:
4051:September 2023
4019:
4017:
4010:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:emphatic form
3958:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3949:arinnə/arinḍə
3947:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3810:
3807:
3790:
3787:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3655:long consonant
3646:
3645:Number marking
3643:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3583:minissu(n)geŋ
3581:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3412:
3409:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3344:
3342:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3316:in the suffix
3293:
3290:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2949:
2946:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2863:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2825:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2807:
2798:
2796:
2789:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2564:
2559:
2494:
2491:
2469:
2468:
2457:
2456:
2455:External audio
2449:
2446:
2439:
2399:śuddha Sinhala
2272:, realized as
2225:Kadamba script
2217:Grantha script
2213:Brahmic script
2204:Sinhala hodiya
2199:Sinhala script
2170:Sinhala script
2165:
2164:Writing system
2162:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2062:
2032:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2008:
2005:
2003:referring to.
2000:
1999:
1985:
1971:
1959:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1922:ǝ {+ wal}
1916:lindhǝ lindhǝ+
1901:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1880:stream streams
1850:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1813:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1762:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1734:kàntawǝ kantàw
1719:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1639:
1636:
1575:
1572:
1555:
1552:
1528:
1514:
1503:
1492:
1479:
1468:
1457:
1456:
1432:
1421:
1410:
1399:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1368:
1351:
1348:
1334:
1331:
1247:Vedda language
1243:Wilhelm Geiger
1238:
1235:
1205:
1204:
1184:
1182:
1171:
1168:
1077:Wilhelm Geiger
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1054:
1001:
972:
961:"to put" <
921:
887:
884:
883:
882:
879:
876:
873:
862:
859:
847:Pandya kingdom
826:
823:
772:Main article:
769:
766:
761:Sinhala script
726:Vedda language
688:Grantha script
684:Brahmic script
680:Sinhala script
461:
460:
453:
437:
433:first language
427:
426:
418:
417:
410:
404:
403:
396:
388:
387:
380:
372:
371:
362:
354:
353:
344:
336:
335:
334:Language codes
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
320:
316:
315:
313:
312:
302:
300:Sinhala script
296:
294:
290:Writing system
287:
284:
283:
282:
281:
269:
265:
264:
259:
257:
254:
251:
250:
248:
247:
246:
245:
244:
243:
242:
241:
240:
239:
238:
237:
202:
200:
193:
190:
189:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
157:Native to
154:
153:
143:
139:
138:
130:
129:
114:
113:
103:
102:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8302:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8267:
8265:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8233:
8232:
8228:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8206:Haflong Hindi
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8193:
8191:
8185:
8179:
8176:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8161:Chinali–Lahul
8159:
8157:
8154:
8151:
8148:
8147:
8145:
8141:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8126:
8124:
8118:
8108:
8107:Khasa Prakrit
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8074:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8037:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8017:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7982:
7976:
7973:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7960:
7959:
7956:
7955:
7953:
7949:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7930:
7928:
7924:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7894:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7849:
7847:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7832:
7829:
7825:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7796:
7794:
7792:
7788:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7742:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7712:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7680:
7679:
7676:
7675:
7673:
7669:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7621:
7618:
7617:
7616:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7595:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7574:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7564:
7560:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7532:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7522:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7505:
7501:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7454:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7415:
7405:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7395:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7383:Chhattisgarhi
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7364:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7296:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7274:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7261:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7220:
7218:
7214:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7177:Rathwi Bareli
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7114:
7112:
7110:
7106:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6952:
6948:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6905:
6901:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6865:
6863:
6859:
6853:
6850:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6841:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6831:
6828:
6824:
6821:
6817:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6776:Mahasu Pahari
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6719:
6715:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6659:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6615:
6613:
6609:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6588:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6552:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6490:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6449:
6444:
6442:
6437:
6435:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6416:
6413:
6410:
6405:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6379:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6333:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6301:
6296:
6294:
6289:
6287:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6235:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6192:
6186:
6185:Input methods
6183:
6181:
6180:Unicode block
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6066:Influenced by
6064:
6061:
6055:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5988:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5967:Proto-Sinhala
5965:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5935:
5931:
5924:
5919:
5917:
5912:
5910:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5886:
5885:Lanka Library
5882:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5845:
5840:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5821:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5801:
5800:
5794:
5790:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5771:
5767:
5762:
5758:
5753:
5752:
5748:
5742:
5736:
5732:
5727:
5723:
5722:
5716:
5712:
5706:
5702:
5697:
5694:
5691:Gair, James:
5690:
5689:
5685:
5676:
5669:
5666:
5661:
5654:
5651:
5646:
5640:
5636:
5629:
5626:
5621:
5614:
5613:
5605:
5602:
5589:
5588:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5567:
5565:955-21-0878-0
5561:
5557:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5513:
5510:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5459:
5456:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5405:
5402:
5397:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5361:
5358:
5354:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5325:
5322:
5319:, p. 230
5318:
5313:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5292:
5289:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5236:
5233:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5215:
5212:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5167:
5164:
5160:
5155:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5137:
5134:
5121:
5117:
5111:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5091:
5086:
5082:
5081:The Mahavamsa
5078:
5072:
5069:
5064:
5063:The Mahavamsa
5060:
5054:
5051:
5046:
5045:
5038:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5020:
5017:
5005:
5004:Lanka Library
5001:
4995:
4992:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4960:
4957:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4909:
4906:
4901:
4895:
4891:
4884:
4881:
4875:
4872:
4867:
4866:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4836:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4781:
4778:
4773:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4753:
4750:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4696:Sinhala slang
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4658:
4655:
4644:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4634:Sinhala slang
4624:
4615:
4611:
4608:This section
4606:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4538:Sinhala is a
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4523:ජනාධිපති තුමා
4520:
4517:
4512:
4509:
4501:
4492:
4486:
4483:
4467:
4456:
4443:
4432:
4421:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4387:
4384:
4376:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4342:This section
4340:
4336:
4331:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4235:/mamə poːsat/
4233:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4062:
4054:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4020:This section
4018:
4014:
4009:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:simultaneous
3920:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3817:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3797:
3788:
3786:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3760:'thie(f/ves)'
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3644:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3582:
3580:miniha(ː)geŋ
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3532:minissu(ɳ)ʈə
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3519:minissu(nvə)
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3456:
3453:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3387:
3379:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3345:This section
3343:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3306:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3274:
3217:
3188:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2967:
2959:
2954:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2933:
2925:
2897:
2892:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2761:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2544:
2523:
2520:
2514:
2509:
2508:moraic weight
2504:
2500:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2371:
2357:
2350:
2335:
2283:
2270:
2264:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2209:Brahmi script
2205:
2200:
2191:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2105:
2098:
2093:
2085:
2075:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2006:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1780:lindha lindha
1777:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1313:(to see) and
1311:
1305:
1299:
1295:for neck and
1293:
1287:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1241:According to
1236:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1201:
1192:
1188:
1185:This section
1183:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1078:
1075:According to
1070:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1002:
998:
992:
986:
981:
977:
973:
970:
965:
959:
954:
950:
946:
941:
935:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:, Hindustani
912:
906:
901:
897:
893:
892:
891:
885:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
867:
866:
860:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
843:Vanga Kingdom
840:
839:Prince Vijaya
835:
834:
824:
822:
820:
816:
811:
810:
803:
798:
794:
790:
785:
780:
775:
767:
762:
757:
750:
746:
741:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:Middle Indian
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
697:. Along with
696:
691:
689:
685:
682:, which is a
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:
644:
560:
555:
549:
538:
537:
524:
467:
450:
446:
434:
424:
419:
415:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
395:
394:
389:
385:
381:
378:
373:
368:
363:
360:
355:
350:
345:
342:
337:
332:
328:
322:
317:
310:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
295:
291:
285:
279:
275:
272:
271:
270:
262:
258:
252:
236:
233:
232:
230:
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
220:
219:Southern Zone
217:
216:
215:
212:
211:
210:
207:
206:
205:
204:Indo-European
201:
197:
191:
187:
182:
179:
175:
172:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
151:
144:
142:Pronunciation
140:
136:
131:
126:
115:
110:
107:
99:
89:
84:
80:
73:
63:
53:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
8201:Bombay Hindi
8143:Unclassified
8040:Ardhamagadhi
7937:
7867:Berar Deccan
7721:Chittagonian
7714:Chittagonian
7207:Vaagri Booli
7172:Pauri Bareli
7167:Palya Bareli
7132:Dhodia–Kukna
7006:Parkari Koli
6819:Northwestern
6509:Kundal Shahi
6414:
6411:
6408:
6393:Ceylon Dutch
6320:
6228:Dictionaries
6043:Sinhala name
6017:Pidgin madam
5929:
5888:. Retrieved
5884:
5838:
5824:
5818:
5808:
5798:
5774:
5765:
5756:
5730:
5720:
5700:
5692:
5686:Bibliography
5674:
5668:
5659:
5653:
5634:
5628:
5619:
5611:
5604:
5592:. Retrieved
5586:
5555:
5530:. Retrieved
5526:the original
5521:
5512:
5500:. Retrieved
5472:
5468:
5458:
5446:. Retrieved
5418:
5414:
5404:
5395:
5373:
5360:
5348:
5343:, p. 70
5336:
5331:, p. 45
5324:
5312:
5296:
5291:
5283:the original
5278:
5269:
5257:
5253:
5248:
5235:
5226:
5214:
5197:
5193:
5183:
5166:
5161:, p. 68
5154:
5136:
5124:. Retrieved
5120:the original
5110:
5102:
5093:
5080:
5071:
5062:
5053:
5043:
5037:
5028:
5019:
5007:. Retrieved
5003:
4994:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4889:
4883:
4874:
4864:
4842:. Retrieved
4835:the original
4822:
4810:. Retrieved
4806:the original
4801:
4792:
4785:
4780:
4761:
4752:
4735:
4631:
4618:
4614:adding to it
4609:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4563:
4537:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4511:janadhipathi
4487:
4472:
4394:
4379:
4370:
4355:Please help
4343:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4295:
4284:
4255:
4251:
4248:conjunctions
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4216:
4199:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4156:
4119:
4117:flowers four
4116:
4114:/mal hatərə/
4113:
4110:
4106:
4095:
4057:
4048:
4033:Please help
4021:
3944:kannə/kanḍə
3812:
3792:
3783:
3778:'street(s)'
3674:
3662:
3658:
3650:
3648:
3595:instrumental
3529:miniha(ː)ʈə
3516:miniha(ː)və
3457:
3441:instrumental
3414:
3402:
3382:
3376:October 2023
3373:
3358:Please help
3346:
3295:
3292:Phonotactics
3275:
3263:/ˈhat̪əlihə/
3226:/kərənəˈwaː/
3218:
3177:
2966:vowel length
2963:
2906:/ʃriːlaŋkaː/
2878:
2736:prenasalised
2524:
2496:
2472:
2428:
2395:
2391:
2358:
2344:/halkiriːmə/
2229:
2221:Khmer script
2196:
2135:
2116:, where the
2111:
2103:
2091:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2001:
1993:
1988:Other words:
1987:
1979:
1973:
1965:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1843:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1809:
1806:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1755:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1712:
1668:
1649:Uva Province
1641:
1621:
1577:
1557:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1521:
1510:
1499:
1486:
1475:
1464:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1428:
1417:
1406:
1395:
1353:
1344:
1336:
1240:
1226:
1211:British rule
1208:
1198:January 2024
1195:
1191:adding to it
1186:
1138:("fly") and
1115:
1074:
925:vowel length
894:the loss of
889:
864:
828:
778:
777:
707:
705:literature.
692:
558:
465:
464:
408:Linguasphere
391:
234:
209:Indo-Iranian
106:
93:
79:ISO 639 code
75:}}
69:{{
65:}}
59:{{
55:}}
49:{{
44:
8189:and creoles
8171:Lahul Lohar
8050:Maharashtri
7647:Mal Paharia
7637:Kharia Thar
7279:Braj Bhasha
6260:Hela Havula
6194:Grammar and
6057:Sinhala and
5355:, p. 5
5221:, p. 4
5159:Geiger 1938
5126:16 November
4972:(8): 1–15.
4844:16 November
4621:August 2024
4264:participles
4258:, but only
4250:as English
4241:"I am rich"
4175:/potə jaʈə/
3941:infinitive
3769:'office(s)'
3766:'cloth(es)'
3754:'mother(s)'
3667:disfixation
3615:minissuneː
3462:syllables.
2991:("shirt").
2845:Approximant
2382:Śri Lankāwa
2376:ශ්රී ලංකාව
2282:monophthong
1743:woman women
1595:, Sinhala,
1500:having-said
1418:having-said
1382:conjunction
870:Elu Prakrit
712:similar to
539:; Sinhala:
276:(perhaps a
8264:Categories
8092:Apabhraṃśa
8078:Apabhraṃśa
8055:Shauraseni
7771:Bodo Parja
7756:Sambalpuri
7688:Goalpariya
7662:Tanchangya
7652:Noakhailla
7577:Bote-Darai
7388:Fiji Hindi
7357:Sadhukkadi
7328:Judeo-Urdu
7294:Hindustani
7084:Shekhawati
7026:Rajasthani
7011:Saurashtra
6736:Bhadarwahi
6566:Gawar-Bati
6218:Honorifics
6196:vocabulary
6102:Influenced
6083:Portuguese
6033:Literature
5890:15 January
5811:. Colombo.
5802:. Colombo.
5252:TamilNet,
5241:குழை kuḻai
5009:15 January
4737:Ethnologue
4712:References
4593:Vocabulary
4585:where went
4582:koɦedə ɡie
4579:කොහෙද ගියේ
4232:මම පොහොසත්
4178:book under
4140:Adposition
4133:word order
3867:pipenəvaː
3827:3rd class
3824:2nd class
3821:1st class
3705:kantoːruvə
3661:, or with
3612:miniho(ː)
3538:potvələʈə
3512:accusative
3497:miniha(ː)
3493:nominative
3473:inanimate
3460:unstressed
3421:accusative
3417:nominative
3328:Morphology
2901:ශ්රී ලංකා
2503:homorganic
2493:Consonants
2423:වෑංඦන, ඉඦූ
2370:hal kirima
2349:hal kirima
2236:diacritics
2060:? (Galle)
1925:well wells
1909:+ wal
1831:book books
1792:well wells
1611:colony of
1609:Portuguese
1601:Portuguese
1560:Portuguese
1283:for head,
896:aspiration
799:) word is
255:Early form
214:Indo-Aryan
96:March 2021
8178:Sheikhgal
8122:languages
8087:Abahattha
8067:Paishachi
7968:Classical
7933:Maldivian
7705:Surjapuri
7671:Kamarupic
7573:Kuswaric
7435:Bhojpuric
7223:Khandeshi
6756:Chambeali
6751:Bilaspuri
6648:Mankiyali
6576:Shumashti
6571:Nangalami
6483:Kishtwari
6244:Phonology
6237:Phonology
5941:Sri Lanka
5502:18 August
5489:0022-2267
5448:18 August
5435:0047-4045
5396:Gove basa
5353:Gair 1998
5219:Gair 1998
4978:0003-5483
4951:144123299
4935:0047-4045
4534:Discourse
4491:oba thuma
4344:does not
4325:Semantics
4076:branching
4022:does not
3974:pipenneː
3898:anterior
3861:arinəvaː
3775:'bus(es)'
3772:'week(s)'
3763:'book(s)'
3746:paːrəval
3725:deviyo(ː)
3722:amməla(ː)
3671:Loanwords
3589:potvaliŋ
3347:does not
3300:ප්රශ්නය
3284:exist as
3238:), final
2982:), as in
2896:Sri Lanka
2772:Fricative
2648:voiceless
2643:Affricate
2577:Retroflex
2543:geminated
2448:Phonology
2367:, with a
2339:හල් කිරීම
2292:, and කෑ
2246:alphabets
2114:diglossia
2108:Diglossia
2048:wapuranda
2039:wapuranta
1964:Rambakan
1952:Kurakkan
1628:Sri Lanka
1597:Cantonese
1289:for leg,
929:loanwords
833:Mahāvaṃsa
768:Etymology
734:diglossia
676:Sri Lanka
666:), is an
559:Sinhalese
393:Glottolog
377:ISO 639-3
359:ISO 639-2
341:ISO 639-1
329:Sri Lanka
171:Sinhalese
167:Ethnicity
161:Sri Lanka
8234:See also
8216:Nefamese
8211:Nagamese
8102:Kamarupi
8062:Gāndhārī
8019:Middle (
7958:Sanskrit
7896:Konkanic
7845:Marathic
7835:Marathi–
7827:Southern
7731:Rohingya
7700:Rangpuri
7678:Assamese
7642:Kurmukar
7620:dialects
7600:Kamarupa
7484:Maithili
7477:Maithili
7442:Bhojpuri
7347:Kannauji
7309:Hinglish
7289:Haryanvi
7054:Dhundari
6994:Wadiyara
6976:Jandavra
6971:Gujarati
6958:Gujarati
6880:Khetrani
6845:dialects
6801:Sirmauri
6781:Jaunsari
6771:Mandeali
6766:Pangwali
6746:Bhateali
6703:Garhwali
6662:Northern
6628:Chilisso
6504:Brokskat
6478:Kashmiri
6471:Kashmiri
6175:Keyboard
6170:Software
6144:Numerals
6088:Sanskrit
6026:Academic
6007:Southern
5995:Dialects
5779:New York
5594:1 August
5176:45377492
5147:40848039
5085:Archived
5027:(1875),
4986:30029181
4760:(2008).
4640:See also
4548:Japanese
4508:ජනාධිපති
3994:blossom
3969:arinneː
3916:pipicca
3913:pipilaː
3890:pipunaː
3855:kanəvaː
3757:'god(s)'
3737:kantoːru
3638:'books'
3608:vocative
3576:ablative
3563:locative
3557:potvələ
3554:pote(ː)
3544:genitive
3500:minissu
3484:singular
3478:singular
3470:animate
3437:locative
3433:ablative
3429:genitive
3305:praśnaya
2572:Alveolar
2522:'boil'.
2435:Sanskrit
2404:Sanskrit
2190:āyubōvan
2184:ආයුබෝවන්
2120:and the
1992:Nivahan
1984:(bucket)
1970:(banana)
1868:oya oya+
1825:potǝ pot
1786:{} lindh
1617:diaspora
1322:Koḷom̆ba
1316:koḷom̆ba
1310:naram̆ba
1275:toponyms
1159:makkhikā
1130:doublets
1099:, Hindi
969:compound
964:damanavā
934:vibāgaya
789:Sanskrit
745:Sigiriya
532:-hə-lə,
435:speakers
414:59-ABB-a
400:sinh1246
268:Dialects
231:–Sinhala
177:Speakers
8187:Pidgins
8166:Chinali
8156:Bazigar
8150:Badeshi
8045:Magadhi
8021:Prakrit
7938:Sinhala
7926:Insular
7903:Konkani
7882:Katkari
7877:Phudagi
7857:Varhadi
7852:Marathi
7837:Konkani
7809:Bhunjia
7683:Kamrupi
7657:Sylheti
7615:Bengali
7608:Bengali
7569:Kumhali
7536:Kochila
7524:Tharuic
7515:Kurmali
7503:Sadanic
7494:Bajjika
7468:Khortha
7418:Eastern
7378:Bagheli
7366:Eastern
7323:Deccani
7299:Kauravi
7284:Bundeli
7272:Western
7264:Central
7233:Dawoodi
7228:Lambadi
7152:Bhilori
7122:Bhilali
7069:Marwari
7059:Harauti
6989:Parkari
6950:Western
6917:Kholosi
6912:Jadgali
6890:Saraiki
6840:Punjabi
6833:Eastern
6826:Punjabi
6796:Hinduri
6741:Churahi
6718:Western
6708:Kumaoni
6696:Central
6670:Eastern
6597:Kalasha
6590:Chitral
6545:Pashayi
6538:Pashayi
6514:Kalkoti
6321:Sinhala
6203:Grammar
6139:Braille
6078:English
6002:Central
5766:Sinhala
5532:7 April
5497:4176592
5443:4168764
5368:pp.5-11
5256:: 334,
4943:4168764
4812:6 April
4732:Sinhala
4544:subject
4497:ඔබ තුමා
4457:Use of
4397:deictic
4365:removed
4350:sources
4304:minisa/
4296:writing
4256:whether
4225:poːsat/
4222:පොහොසත්
4111:මල් හතර
4104:hatərə/
4096:flowers
4043:removed
4028:sources
3964:kanneː
3907:ærəlaː
3901:kaːlaː
3893:pipunə
3884:æriyaː
3878:kæːvaː
3870:pipenə
3711:bus ekə
3693:deviyaː
3635:'book'
3535:potəʈə
3487:plural
3481:plural
3405:animacy
3368:removed
3353:sources
3005:Central
2592:Glottal
2582:Palatal
2541:can be
2479:Dhivehi
2418:/ⁿd͡ʒa/
2336:called
2324:and කෝ
2316:and කේ
2308:and කූ
2300:and කී
2232:abugida
1978:Thattu
1903:lindhǝ+
1864:streams
1710:kàntawǝ
1624:Malacca
1607:of the
1437:dannavā
1327:Colombo
1153:macchiā
1147:makṣikā
1090:viṁśati
1011:and/or
949:elision
940:vibhāga
911:khādati
855:Magadha
851:Kalinga
841:of the
825:History
787:) is a
784:Siṁhala
779:Sinhala
714:Magadhi
710:Prakrit
548:siṁhala
466:Sinhala
235:Sinhala
229:Dhivehi
125:Siṁhala
112:Sinhala
88:See why
8120:Proto-
8076:Late (
7985:Middle
7887:Kadodi
7814:Nahari
7791:Halbic
7766:Bhatri
7726:Chakma
7632:Hajong
7598:Gauda–
7582:Danwar
7562:Others
7553:Musasa
7489:Angika
7463:Magahi
7456:Magahi
7427:Bihari
7397:Others
7373:Awadhi
7338:Rekhta
7313:Urdish
7243:Romani
7238:Domari
7216:Others
7197:Vasavi
7182:Pardhi
7162:Magari
7157:Mawchi
7147:Bauria
7137:Dhanki
7127:Chodri
7099:Nimadi
7089:Dhatki
7079:Mewari
7074:Mewati
7049:Gujari
7044:Loarki
7039:Goaria
7016:Vaghri
6937:Sindhi
6932:Memoni
6927:Luwati
6922:Kutchi
6904:Sindhi
6870:Hindko
6862:Lahnda
6806:Sarazi
6786:Kullui
6731:Kangri
6687:Nepali
6677:Doteli
6643:Tirahi
6638:Kalami
6623:Bateri
6602:Khowar
6561:Dameli
6524:Palula
6519:Ushoji
6463:Dardic
6398:Rodiya
6335:Others
6253:Events
6134:Script
5955:Stages
5785:
5737:
5707:
5641:
5562:
5495:
5487:
5441:
5433:
5174:
5145:
5101:", in
4984:
4976:
4949:
4941:
4933:
4896:
4768:
4561:koɦedə
4301:මිනිසා
4238:I rich
4188:copula
4172:පොත යට
4003:Syntax
3981:gloss
3910:ærəpu
3904:kaːpu
3887:æriyə
3881:kæːvə
3864:arinə
3751:Gloss
3714:paːrə
3708:satiyə
3663:-la(ː)
3632:'men'
3629:'man'
3626:Gloss
3586:poteŋ
3525:dative
3431:, and
3425:dative
3230:/j(i)/
3205:/kərə/
3196:/karə/
2989:/ʃəːʈ/
2948:Vowels
2692:voiced
2567:Dental
2562:Labial
2537:, and
2513:tam̆ba
2250:abjads
2153:venavā
2147:වෙනවා
2143:copula
2131:poetry
2058:enawai
2023:Notes
1998:(home)
1974:Tools:
1958:(bran)
1948:Crops:
1892:lindhǝ
1847:stream
1844:
1764:lindha
1756:
1753:lindha
1721:kantàw
1599:, and
1497:kiyalā
1434:දන්නවා
1415:kiyalā
1377:kiyana
1298:kalava
1286:kakula
1280:olluva
1231:UNESCO
1063:han̆da
1041:(e.g.
1030:candra
1024:han̆da
1018:san̆da
1015:(e.g.
971:words.
958:dānavā
955:(e.g.
945:sandhi
931:(e.g.
905:kanavā
902:(e.g.
802:Sīhala
722:Buddha
660:-(g)ə-
652:-(h)ə-
455:
440:
429:
8221:Vedda
7993:Early
7963:Vedic
7872:Varli
7804:Kamar
7799:Halbi
7781:Kupia
7761:Desia
7548:Majhi
7541:Buksa
7531:Tharu
7510:Sadri
7404:Parya
7352:Sansi
7304:Hindi
7202:Wagdi
7192:Kalto
7187:Gamit
7142:Dubli
7117:Bhili
7064:Malvi
7034:Bagri
6984:Kachi
6980:Koli
6852:Sansi
6761:Gaddi
6726:Dogri
6682:Jumli
6633:Gowro
6554:Kunar
6499:Shina
6492:Shina
6367:Vedda
6326:Tamil
6223:Slang
6093:Tamil
6073:Dutch
5616:(PDF)
5493:JSTOR
5439:JSTOR
5172:JSTOR
5143:JSTOR
4982:JSTOR
4947:S2CID
4939:JSTOR
4838:(PDF)
4831:(PDF)
4564:where
4558:කොහෙද
4519:thuma
4488:e.g.
4482:thuma
4466:thuma
4439:/arə/
4417:/meː/
4403:(see
4401:stems
4293:liənə
4285:books
4214:/mamə
4168:under
4165:jaʈə/
4154:/potə
4127:SOV (
3989:open
3875:past
3858:kanə
3702:reddə
3696:horaː
3690:ammaː
3657:plus
3651:-o(ː)
3503:potə
3452:laᵑgə
3411:Cases
3318:/-hu/
3282:/æ̃ː/
3259:හතලිහ
3222:කරනවා
3049:Close
3037:short
3027:short
3017:short
3000:Front
2985:ෂර්ට්
2934:]
2930:[
2926:]
2922:[
2910:/f~ɸ/
2885:ශ්රී
2821:Trill
2599:Nasal
2587:Velar
2519:tamba
2326:/koː/
2318:/keː/
2310:/kuː/
2302:/kiː/
2294:/kæː/
2288:, කැ
2286:/kaː/
2241:pilla
2127:prose
2095:'
2089:'
2083:'
2079:'
2073:'
2069:'
2046:heta
2037:heta
1912:wells
1874:{} oy
1821:books
1776:wells
1770:lindh
1730:women
1716:woman
1690:-waru
1632:China
1613:Macau
1593:Malay
1584:Patuá
1564:Dutch
1522:know-
1519:dannē
1516:දන්නේ
1494:කියලා
1470:අලුත්
1412:කියලා
1401:අලුත්
1292:bella
1141:mækkā
1135:mæssā
1096:visi-
991:viṭṭa
985:viṣṭā
917:khānā
819:lions
809:siṁha
695:Tamil
542:සිංහල
536:-ə-lə
449:Malay
445:Tamil
274:Vedda
119:සිංහල
8005:Pāli
7862:Andh
7776:Reli
7751:Odia
7744:Odia
7318:Urdu
7109:Bhil
6875:Inku
6529:Sawi
6388:Arwi
6357:Pali
6048:Pali
5892:2023
5783:ISBN
5735:ISBN
5705:ISBN
5639:ISBN
5596:2024
5560:ISBN
5534:2016
5504:2024
5485:ISSN
5450:2024
5431:ISSN
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