294:
957:
634:
969:
502:
361:
must thus be seen as a relative term, with the caveat that the sister group is only the closest relative among the groups/species/specimens that are included in the analysis.
342:; when other, extinct groups are considered, the relationship between birds and crocodiles appears distant. Although the bird family tree is rooted in the
510:
572:
767:
533:
247:
AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC.
1005:
727:
807:
812:
745:
822:
752:
995:
439:
Padian, Kevin; Lindberg, David R.; Polly, Paul David (May 1994). "Cladistics and the fossil record: The uses of history".
250:
The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the
293:
732:
639:
595:
565:
417:
236:
474:
Kemp, T.S. (January 1988). "Haemothermia or
Archosauria? The interrelationships of mammals, birds and crocodiles".
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848:
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534:"Taxonomy in evolutionary perspective - An essay on the relationships between taxonomy and evolutionary theory"
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259:
937:
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320:
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448:
817:
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277:, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic level, terminology such as
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Ultrastructural evidence for an adelphotaxon (sister group) to the
Neodermata (Platyhelminthes)
668:
255:
47:
757:
711:
483:
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350:, that branched off of the line leading to the dinosaurs after the last common ancestor of
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A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other
31:
878:
873:
868:
853:
661:
656:
240:
228:
323:, however, only groups identified in the analysis are labeled as "sister groups".
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605:
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A tree diagram inevitably oversimplifies the complicated process of evolution.
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clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the
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59:
17:
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27:
The closest relative(s) of another given taxon in a phylogenetic tree
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327:
292:
244:
224:
144:
108:
550:
46:, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an
554:
346:, there were a number of other, earlier groups, such as the
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103:
269:
standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens,
410:"Introduction to Phylogeny: What is a Sister Taxon?"
915:
889:
841:
783:
720:
649:
588:
58:The expression is most easily illustrated by a
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503:"Ancient bird-crocodilian ancestor uncovered"
441:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
8:
302:phylogeny including two extant taxa: birds (
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559:
551:
168:
476:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
338:, but that is true only when discussing
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370:
7:
968:
416:. Department of Biological Science,
461:10.1146/annurev.ea.22.050194.000431
99:
92:
84:
76:
488:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01527.x
25:
199: More tree branches
967:
956:
955:
808:Phylogenetic comparative methods
632:
88: Subtree
813:Phylogenetic niche conservatism
507:Aves Vitae - The lives of birds
254:and among larger, more deeply
1:
80: Root
733:Phylogenetic reconciliation
640:Evolutionary biology portal
596:Computational phylogenetics
501:Hughes, J.M. (2011-06-13).
418:California State University
237:most recent common ancestor
68:Sister group relationships
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1006:Biological classification
951:
923:Phylogenetic nomenclature
627:
197:
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162:
143:
125:
105:
97:
90:
82:
803:Molecular phylogenetics
753:Distance-matrix methods
601:Molecular phylogenetics
414:Biology 404 - Evolution
330:, whose commonly cited
823:Phylogenetics software
737:Probabilistic methods
686:Long branch attraction
532:Podani, János (2010).
312:
260:universal tree of life
616:Evolutionary taxonomy
538:Synbiologia Hungarica
408:Eernisse, Douglas J.
321:phylogenetic analysis
296:
235:descendants of their
996:Evolutionary biology
775:Three-taxon analysis
681:Phylogenetic network
352:birds and crocodiles
334:sister group is the
818:Phylogenetic signal
453:1994AREPS..22...63P
746:Bayesian inference
741:Maximum likelihood
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306:) and crocodiles (
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728:Maximum parsimony
721:Inference methods
669:Phylogenetic tree
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48:evolutionary tree
42:, also called an
16:(Redirected from
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758:Neighbor-joining
712:Ghost population
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513:on 26 April 2012
509:. Archived from
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340:extant organisms
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859:Symplesiomorphy
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589:Relevant fields
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833:Phylogeography
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784:Current topics
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650:Basic concepts
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326:An example is
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1001:Phylogenetics
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798:DNA barcoding
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768:Least squares
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705:Ghost lineage
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582:Phylogenetics
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482:(1): 67–104.
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283:sister genera
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164: Taxon
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127: Taxon
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32:phylogenetics
19:
972:
960:
933:Sister group
932:
916:Nomenclature
879:Autapomorphy
874:Synapomorphy
854:Plesiomorphy
842:Group traits
790:
662:Cladogenesis
657:Phylogenesis
541:
537:
527:
515:. Retrieved
511:the original
506:
496:
479:
475:
469:
447:(1): 63–89.
444:
440:
434:
422:. Retrieved
413:
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359:sister group
358:
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331:
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317:sister group
316:
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264:
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241:monophyletic
223:
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128:
126:
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73:
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44:adelphotaxon
43:
40:sister taxon
39:
36:sister group
35:
29:
18:Sister genus
928:Crown group
890:Group types
621:Systematics
420:, Fullerton
319:is used in
243:group, the
990:Categories
606:Cladistics
385:References
348:pterosaurs
336:crocodiles
300:Dinosauria
54:Definition
943:Supertree
907:Polyphyly
902:Paraphyly
897:Monophyly
869:Apomorphy
849:Primitive
792:PhyloCode
674:Cladogram
517:4 January
424:4 January
357:The term
344:dinosaurs
315:The term
304:Theropoda
267:cladistic
60:cladogram
962:Category
865:Derived
611:Taxonomy
974:Commons
700:Lineage
544:: 1–42.
449:Bibcode
289:Example
271:species
233:extinct
148:
107:
332:living
308:Suchia
275:genera
256:rooted
252:leaves
229:extant
183:
181:Clade
938:Basal
763:UPGMA
695:Grade
691:Clade
365:Notes
328:birds
245:clade
225:Taxon
145:Clade
109:Taxon
1011:Taxa
519:2012
426:2012
34:, a
693:vs
484:doi
457:doi
281:or
265:In
231:or
185:ABC
38:or
30:In
992::
540:.
536:.
505:.
480:92
478:.
455:.
445:22
443:.
412:.
354:.
310:).
298:A
273:,
262:.
150:AB
62::
50:.
574:e
567:t
560:v
542:5
521:.
490:.
486::
463:.
459::
451::
428:.
166:C
129:B
112:A
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
