1431:
411:
359:) nicknamed the "Loan Collection" as they had been hand-picked from across the civil service. Gowers wrote later, "This gigantic task of bringing the National Health and Unemployment Insurance Acts into operation taught the Service what it could do, and the control of the whole of the social and economic life of the nation during the war drove home the lesson." The members of the loan collection were deployed to other departments during the First World War. While nominally continuing to hold his post, Gowers was attached to the
450:… without consultation with ministers." Churchill promised that in such an event Gowers would have the Government's backing. In a biographical sketch of Gowers, his great-granddaughter Rebecca Gowers comments that this potentially gave him direct responsibility for governing seven million people, though at the time he wrote of himself as "but a transient and embarrassed phantom flitting across the stage of history."
410:
468:
was not renewed. He was told that he was too old. This did not prevent his being invited to chair a series of committees of inquiry on Women in the
Foreign Service (1945); Closing Hours of Shops (1946); Houses of Outstanding Historic or Architectural Interest (1948); and Foot-and-mouth Disease (1952).
681:
Ernest Gowers and
Constance (Kit) had three children and six grandchildren, for whom they always offered an open house in the school holidays. When Kit died in 1952, one of their daughters, the oboist Peggy Shiffner, gave up her career and moved in to look after him, also working as a volunteer at Le
475:
government in an attempt to defuse the long-term political debate over capital punishment, but the terms of reference did not include provision for recommending its abolition. He was profoundly affected by the evidence presented to the commission and said later that what he learned as chairman of the
454:
wrote of Gowers, "In this post he showed his full powers as an administrator, and indeed as a leader. Energetic, forceful, always cheerful, with an unfailing eye for the essential, he gave the impression of being master of every unexpected development and, as a result, infused confidence into all who
401:
commented, "Sir Ernest Gowers and his colleagues struggled manfully with their difficulties, but
Parliament had inadvertently tied their hands behind their backs." A new and more powerful body, the Coal Commission, was set up in 1938, with Gowers as chairman. In July 1942 all unmined coal in Britain
488:
wrote, "Certainly the publication of this report in
England introduced altogether new standards of clarity and relevance into discussions of a subject which had too often been obscured by ignorance and prejudice." The political debate dragged on and it was not until 1965 that capital punishment was
467:
After the war Gowers was appointed chairman of the Harlow New Town
Development Corporation, one of several new towns being built to provide housing for people displaced by wartime bombing, but he fell foul of the bureaucracy in the Ministry for Town and Country Planning and his three-year contract
421:
Throughout the 1930s Gowers and his colleagues had also been involved in preparing for possible war, and invasion. From 1935 onwards he combined his frustrating work with the coal industry with civil defence planning, attached to the
Department for the Co-ordination of Defence. John Anderson was
535:, a work 94 pages long, became an instant success, not only within the civil service but internationally. It was published in April 1948 and by Christmas of that year, it was in its eighth impression, with more than 150,000 copies sold. It was followed by the
590:
Gowers bought a house in Sussex in the 1930s and lived there permanently after the war, writing books and managing a small farm. He became chairman of the board of the hospital where his father had worked, the
National Hospital for Nervous Diseases (now the
513:
The books on "plain words" show his regard for brevity and precision as the leading virtues in factual writing. Throughout his life he crusaded against the faults which have made "officialese" a term of opprobrium and in favour of simple and direct
English.
308:. He also sat for the Inner Temple Bar exam, which he passed in 1906. In December 1903 he passed the Civil Service Examination, and embarked on the career that led to the claim that he "may be regarded as one of the greatest public servants of his day."
426:
MP was appointed head of London Region, but ill-health forced him to retire in 1940. Gowers, his deputy, became Senior
Regional Commissioner for Civil Defence in London, running civil defence through the Blitz from a concrete bunker underneath the
60:
383:
as director of production in the mines department. The following year he was promoted to head the department as permanent under-secretary for mines, a position he retained throughout the Miners' Strike. In 1927 he became chairman of the
503:
Gowers first went into print on the subject of bureaucratic
English usage, in 1929. in an article entitled "Mainly About the King's English", and he continued this crusade throughout his career. After the Second World War,
1510:
1495:
414:
Gowers (left) with Lt Col A J Child, Director of Operations and Intelligence, and K A L Parker, Deputy Chief Administrative Officer, in the London Regional Civil Defence Control Room, 1943, by
275:, and a Deputy-Lieutenant for Co. Antrim). They had two daughters and one son. Gowers's elder brother, William, went to Africa, joined the colonial civil service and rose to become Governor of
583:, which had been in print since 1926 with only very minor changes. It took Gowers nine years to complete the task. In 1996, Gowers' edition was succeeded by a more radical revision, edited by
248:, where he excelled academically and in sport. At Rugby, Ernest was also noted as an outstanding organist, an accomplishment that became a lifelong hobby. Both boys won scholarships to read
1520:
379:
In 1917 Gowers was appointed secretary of the Conciliation and Arbitration Board for government employees. In 1919 he began a 25-year involvement with the coal industry, joining the
1505:
160:
49:
219:
1530:
1475:
592:
1485:
1500:
1490:
1460:
156:
45:
455:
came in contact with him." His wife became a member of the Women's Voluntary Service and ran the Gordon Services Club, a hostel for soldiers on leave in
446:, told Gowers, "If communication with the Government becomes very difficult or impossible, it may be necessary for you to act on behalf of the Government
214:, which he entered in 1903. His final full-time appointment was as Senior Regional Commissioner for Civil Defence, London Region (1940–45). After the
1515:
1480:
666:
339:, at a time when Lloyd George was introducing his controversial National Insurance Bill. In November 1912 Lloyd George appointed him to the
1470:
344:
1414:
Ben Cowell, "Safe as Houses? The Gowers Report of 1950 was the first step in the postwar rescue of Britain's country house heritage."
955:
930:
540:
436:
432:
356:
320:
1535:
643:
505:
558:
and Janet Whitcut. In March 2014, a new revision, by Gowers's great-granddaughter Rebecca Gowers, was published by Penguin Books.
1525:
974:
352:
1213:, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 online edition, January 2008, retrieved 3 April 2014
508:, head of the home civil service, invited him to write a pamphlet on English usage for use in civil service training courses.
606:
Gowers died in April 1966, at King Edward VII Hospital, Midhurst, Sussex, age 85, nine months after his revision of Fowler's
428:
211:
860:
Health, Welfare, and Safety in Non-Industrial Employment Hours of Employment of Juveniles: Report by a Committee of Enquiry
1465:
348:
623:
551:
647:
635:
627:
596:
332:
391:
In 1930 Gowers was appointed chair of the newly established Coal Mines Reorganisation Commission, set up under the
272:
253:
395:, in an attempt to improve the efficiency of British coal mines, but deficiencies in the Act soon became evident.
1309:
305:
662:
545:
257:
241:
143:
1053:, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edition, Oxford University Press, December 2007, retrieved 3 April 2014
471:
In 1949 Gowers was appointed chairman of the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment (1949–53), set up by the
1018:
562:
385:
122:
268:
231:
193:; 2 June 1880 – 16 April 1966) was a British civil servant and author who is best remembered for his book
658:
1403:
1455:
1450:
579:
324:
261:
206:
260:). Their sisters, Edith and Evelyn, mainly schooled at home, both lost their sight after developing
670:
566:
392:
201:
651:
477:
340:
336:
1046:
422:
given control of civil defence planning in 1938 and set up a network of civil defence regions.
319:
in September 1904, and from March 1907 to October 1911, he was private secretary to successive
1387:, Oxford University Press, January 2008; online edition, January 2011, retrieved 3 April 2014
1007:
970:
951:
926:
895:
879:
863:
847:
831:
808:
789:
773:
757:
741:
725:
709:
639:
631:
619:
584:
519:
443:
415:
364:
1435:
1022:
555:
368:
215:
167:
1026:
297:
296:
In 1902 Gowers graduated from Cambridge with a First in the Classical Tripos and attended
402:
ceased to be the property of the colliery owners and was vested in the Coal Commission.
1322:
Hart, H L A. "Murder and the Principles of Punishment: England and the United States",
687:
683:
472:
380:
360:
312:
311:
Gowers entered the home civil service as an upper division clerk in the Department of
1444:
485:
236:
876:
Report of the Committee on Houses of Outstanding Historic or Architectural Interest
423:
316:
280:
245:
112:
1390:
1216:
1105:
1033:
59:
240:). The family lived in Queen Anne Street, W1. Ernest followed his elder brother,
17:
1157:"Coal Mine Schemes – Reorganization Commission – Sir E. Gowers to be Chairman",
1013:
600:
328:
301:
234:
and his wife, Mary, (daughter of Frederick Baines, one of the proprietors of the
195:
1380:
1210:
1095:
867:
812:
745:
899:
883:
851:
835:
793:
729:
397:
218:, he was appointed chairman of numerous government inquiries, including the
777:
761:
713:
249:
828:
Coal Mines Reorganisation Commission: Report to the Secretary for Mines
222:. He was also chairman of the Harlow New Town Development Corporation.
456:
276:
210:. Before making his name as an author, he had a long career in the
409:
561:
In 1956, at the age of 76, Gowers accepted a commission from the
539:(1951), and the two books were combined in 1954 and published by
343:, as one of a team of promising young civil servants (including
230:
Gowers was born in London, the younger son of the neurologist
182:
36:
406:
Senior Regional Commissioner for Civil Defence, London Region
176:
892:
Royal Commission on Capital Punishment, 1949–1953: Report
173:
844:
Closing Hours of Shops: Report by a Committee of Enquiry
1102:, Oxford University Press, 2004, retrieved 5 June 2012
1511:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
1211:"Anderson, John, first Viscount Waverley (1882–1958)"
185:
1496:
Civil servants in the Ministry of National Insurance
1264:"Obituary: Sir E. Gowers, Author of 'Plain Words'",
754:
A Life for a Life? The Problem of Capital Punishment
650:, 1952–60. He was a Freeman of Royal Borough of the
482:
A Life for a Life? The Problem of Capital Punishment
267:
In 1905 Gowers married Constance Greer, daughter of
170:
136:
128:
118:
108:
92:
69:
34:
1006:
802:H.W. Fowler: A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
894:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1953.
878:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1950.
862:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1947.
846:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1947.
830:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1933.
740:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1954.
724:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1951.
708:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1948.
595:), Queen Square, London, and was on the board of
1521:Private secretaries in the British Civil Service
1348:Gowers, E A, "Mainly about the King's English",
1196:Gowers, Sir Ernest. "Coal A National Property",
1183:"Future Of Coal Mines – New Commission Chosen",
950:. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
593:National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
371:, Britain's top-secret wartime propaganda unit.
1021: ed.). Oxford: A & C Black.
948:Ernest Gowers – Plain Words and Forgotten Deeds
511:
476:commission converted him from vague support of
304:in London, to study for the highly competitive
220:1949 Royal Commission into Capital Punishment
200:first published in 1948, and his revision of
8:
1506:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
686:was his grandson, and the mathematician Sir
480:to strong opposition. As a result, he wrote
657:Gowers received an honorary doctorate from
179:
706:Plain Words: A Guide to the Use of English
58:
31:
807:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1965.
321:Parliamentary Under-Secretaries for India
1531:20th-century British non-fiction writers
1381:"Burchfield, Robert William (1923–2004)"
1260:
1258:
1256:
1117:
1115:
1476:Chairmen of the Board of Inland Revenue
1385:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1100:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1096:"Gowers, Sir Ernest Arthur (1880–1966)"
921:Gowers, Ernest; Rebecca Gowers (2014).
913:
786:Medical Jargon: The Osler Oration, 1958
1303:
1301:
1246:
1244:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
772:. London: English Association. 1957.
770:H.W. Fowler: The Man and his Teaching
667:Royal Institute of British Architects
327:. In October 1911 he was promoted to
7:
1486:Civil servants in the Board of Trade
1335:"No hanging Bill through: 204-104",
341:National Health Insurance Commission
1501:Fellows of Clare College, Cambridge
1027:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u55846
756:. London: Chatto and Windus. 1956.
669:, and was elected president of the
665:, and an honorary Associate of the
565:to undertake the first revision of
1491:Civil servants in the India Office
1461:Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge
1324:Northwestern University Law Review
788:. London: Practitioner Ltd. 1958.
489:effectively abolished in England.
25:
644:Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod
1370:Gowers (2014), pp. iv and xv–xvi
925:. London: Particular (Penguin).
375:Grappling with the coal industry
166:
27:English writer and civil servant
1516:People educated at Rugby School
1432:Works by or about Ernest Gowers
1047:"Gowers, Sir William Frederick"
541:Her Majesty's Stationery Office
1170:"Amalgamation of Collieries",
1:
1481:Civil servants in HM Treasury
1307:"Without the Death Penalty",
624:Order of the Crown of Belgium
1391:UK public library membership
1217:UK public library membership
1106:UK public library membership
1034:UK public library membership
661:, was an honorary fellow of
550:This was revised in 1973 by
331:as private secretary to the
283:for the Colonies (1932–38).
1471:English non-fiction writers
1014:Who's Who & Who Was Who
1008:"Gowers, Sir Ernest Arthur"
648:Order of the British Empire
333:Chancellor of the Exchequer
87:Marylebone, London, England
1552:
1326:, 1957 52, 433-61, p. 545.
1229:Scott, pp. 101 and 114–116
622:in 1917, Chevalier of the
273:Senate of Northern Ireland
254:Trinity College, Cambridge
252:at Cambridge--(William to
1418:(June 2020) 70#6 pp 22-24
1310:Times Literary Supplement
1161:, 10 December 1930, p. 14
306:Civil Service Examination
103:Midhurst, Sussex, England
57:
1536:Male non-fiction writers
738:The Complete Plain Words
663:Clare College, Cambridge
546:The Complete Plain Words
258:Clare College, Cambridge
242:William Frederick Gowers
226:Education and early life
153:Sir Ernest Arthur Gowers
144:The Complete Plain Words
1526:Writers of style guides
1250:Gowers (2014), pp. x–xi
1055:(subscription required)
1019:Oxford University Press
690:is his great-grandson.
563:Oxford University Press
463:Post-war reconstruction
386:Board of Inland Revenue
123:University of Cambridge
1361:Gowers (2014), p. xiii
1313:, 2 March 1956, p. 137
1238:Scott, pp. 108 and 114
1174:, 3 February 1938, p.8
1121:Gowers (2014), p. viii
971:Works by Ernest Gowers
597:Le Court Cheshire Home
554:, and then in 1986 by
516:
429:Natural History Museum
418:
393:Coal Mines Act of 1930
269:Thomas Macgregor Greer
1350:Public Administration
1187:, 30 July 1938, p. 12
659:Manchester University
618:Gowers was appointed
413:
264:in early adult life.
64:Ernest Gowers in 1920
1466:British male writers
1339:, 21 July 1965, p. 8
1268:18 April 1966, p. 12
1148:Gowers (2014), p. ix
682:Court. The composer
608:Modern English Usage
580:Modern English Usage
498:Modern English Usage
442:The prime minister,
437:Edward "Teddy" Evans
292:Civil service career
262:Retinitis pigmentosa
207:Modern English Usage
74:Ernest Arthur Gowers
946:Scott, Ann (2009).
671:English Association
1404:Concert Programmes
1277:Scott, pp. 137–140
1200:, 1 July 1942, p.5
722:ABC of Plain Words
652:Kingston-on-Thames
614:Honours and awards
537:ABC of Plain Words
506:Sir Edward Bridges
478:capital punishment
419:
337:David Lloyd George
315:. He moved to the
300:, a civil service
281:Senior Crown Agent
232:Sir William Gowers
1389:(subscription or
1215:(subscription or
1104:(subscription or
1094:Burchfield, R W.
1032:(Subscription or
585:Robert Burchfield
520:Robert Burchfield
484:(1956), of which
444:Winston Churchill
439:as his deputies.
416:Meredith Frampton
365:Charles Masterman
150:
149:
18:Sir Ernest Gowers
16:(Redirected from
1543:
1436:Internet Archive
1419:
1412:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1346:
1340:
1333:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1262:
1251:
1248:
1239:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1139:Scott, pp. 35–47
1137:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1092:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1010:
1002:
987:
984:
978:
968:
962:
961:
943:
937:
936:
918:
903:
887:
871:
855:
839:
821:Official reports
816:
804:(second edition)
797:
781:
765:
749:
733:
717:
642:in 1953. He was
574:
570:
556:Sidney Greenbaum
552:Sir Bruce Fraser
527:
449:
369:Wellington House
244:(1875–1954), to
216:Second World War
192:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
163:
139:
99:
83:
81:
62:
52:
32:
21:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1441:
1440:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1379:Simpson, John.
1378:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1306:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1195:
1191:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1165:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1113:
1103:
1093:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1004:
1003:
990:
985:
981:
969:
965:
958:
945:
944:
940:
933:
920:
919:
915:
910:
890:
874:
858:
842:
826:
823:
800:
784:
768:
752:
736:
720:
704:
701:
696:
679:
616:
610:was published.
572:
568:
529:
518:
501:
465:
447:
408:
377:
323:, most notably
294:
289:
271:(member of the
228:
169:
165:
155:
137:
119:Alma mater
104:
101:
97:
88:
85:
79:
77:
76:
75:
65:
53:
44:
42:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1549:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1427:
1426:External links
1424:
1421:
1420:
1407:
1396:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1341:
1328:
1315:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1252:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1202:
1189:
1176:
1163:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1111:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1039:
988:
979:
963:
957:978-0230580251
956:
938:
932:978-0141975535
931:
912:
911:
909:
906:
905:
904:
888:
872:
856:
840:
822:
819:
818:
817:
798:
782:
766:
750:
734:
718:
700:
697:
695:
692:
688:Timothy Gowers
684:Patrick Gowers
678:
675:
615:
612:
531:The resulting
522:on Gowers and
510:
500:
491:
464:
461:
407:
404:
381:Board of Trade
376:
373:
363:working under
361:Foreign Office
357:Claud Schuster
313:Inland Revenue
293:
290:
288:
285:
279:(1925–32) and
256:and Ernest to
227:
224:
148:
147:
140:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
102:
100:(aged 85)
94:
90:
89:
86:
73:
71:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
43:
40:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1548:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1416:History Today
1411:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1352:, 1929, 7, 2.
1351:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1295:Scott, p. 144
1292:
1289:
1286:Scott, p. 140
1283:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1005:Anon (2007).
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
989:
983:
980:
976:
972:
967:
964:
959:
953:
949:
942:
939:
934:
928:
924:
917:
914:
907:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:
820:
814:
810:
806:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:
698:
693:
691:
689:
685:
677:Personal life
676:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
638:in 1945, and
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
613:
611:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
588:
586:
582:
581:
576:
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
547:
542:
538:
534:
528:
525:
521:
515:
509:
507:
499:
495:
492:
490:
487:
483:
479:
474:
469:
462:
460:
458:
453:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
425:
417:
412:
405:
403:
400:
399:
394:
389:
387:
382:
374:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:Arthur Salter
350:
349:Warren Fisher
346:
345:John Anderson
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:Edwin Montagu
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
291:
286:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
238:
237:Leeds Mercury
233:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
212:Civil Service
209:
208:
203:
199:
197:
190:
162:
158:
154:
146:
145:
141:
135:
132:Civil Servant
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
96:16 April 1966
95:
91:
72:
68:
61:
56:
51:
47:
41:Ernest Gowers
38:
33:
30:
19:
1415:
1410:
1399:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1308:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1265:
1234:
1225:
1209:Peden, G C.
1205:
1197:
1192:
1184:
1179:
1171:
1166:
1158:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1130:Scott, p. 32
1126:
1099:
1074:Scott, p. 15
1070:
1065:Scott, p. 14
1061:
1050:
1042:
1012:
982:
966:
947:
941:
922:
916:
891:
875:
859:
843:
827:
805:
801:
785:
769:
753:
737:
721:
705:
680:
656:
617:
607:
605:
589:
578:
560:
544:
536:
532:
530:
523:
517:
512:
502:
497:
493:
481:
470:
466:
451:
441:
433:Harold Scott
424:Euan Wallace
420:
396:
390:
378:
317:India Office
310:
295:
266:
246:Rugby School
235:
229:
205:
194:
152:
151:
142:
138:Notable work
113:Rugby School
98:(1966-04-16)
29:
1456:1966 deaths
1451:1880 births
1051:Who Was Who
986:Scott, p. 4
923:Plain Words
673:(1956–57).
601:Petersfield
533:Plain Words
524:Plain Words
494:Plain Words
329:HM Treasury
204:'s classic
196:Plain Words
84:2 June 1880
1445:Categories
1036:required.)
975:Faded Page
908:References
486:H L A Hart
129:Occupation
80:1880-06-02
1393:required)
1337:The Times
1266:The Times
1219:required)
1198:The Times
1185:The Times
1172:The Times
1159:The Times
1108:required)
868:558981410
813:334209140
746:559778291
634:in 1928,
630:in 1926,
626:in 1918,
452:The Times
398:The Times
109:Education
1017:(online
977:(Canada)
900:65416058
884:29416569
852:39021698
836:17858091
794:32987909
730:65646838
250:Classics
1434:at the
778:3078213
762:1241240
714:2602739
646:of the
431:, with
302:crammer
954:
929:
898:
882:
866:
850:
834:
811:
792:
776:
760:
744:
728:
712:
575:Fowler
573:
569:
473:Attlee
457:London
448:
367:MP at
355:, and
298:Wren's
287:Career
277:Uganda
202:Fowler
699:Books
694:Works
599:near
159:
48:
952:ISBN
927:ISBN
896:OCLC
880:OCLC
864:OCLC
848:OCLC
832:OCLC
809:OCLC
790:OCLC
774:OCLC
758:OCLC
742:OCLC
726:OCLC
710:OCLC
496:and
435:and
93:Died
70:Born
1023:doi
973:at
640:GCB
636:GBE
632:KCB
628:KBE
577:'s
543:as
161:GBE
157:GCB
50:GBE
46:GCB
37:Sir
1447::
1383:,
1300:^
1255:^
1243:^
1114:^
1098:,
1079:^
1049:,
1011:.
991:^
654:.
620:CB
603:.
587:.
459:.
388:.
351:,
347:,
335:,
183:ər
177:aʊ
1029:.
1025::
960:.
935:.
902:.
886:.
870:.
854:.
838:.
815:.
796:.
780:.
764:.
748:.
732:.
716:.
571:W
567:H
548:.
526:.
198:,
189:/
186:z
180:.
174:ɡ
171:ˈ
168:/
164:(
82:)
78:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
