630:
743:
411:
38:
299:
541:
527:
in 1918 for better security. When the military contracts ended and peace returned in 1919, the company struggled to return to profitability. Howard Grubb, then in his 70s, attempted to revive the sale of large telescopes but the company began to lose money. Several telescopes had been delayed or not
458:
The
Melbourne and Vienna telescopes substantially enhanced the reputation of the company, leading to numerous orders for new telescopes. Some of the largest constructed in this period included a 24-inch (0.61 m) for the private observatory of
544:
548:
547:
543:
542:
549:
430:
primary mirror. It was the second largest telescope in the world at that time, and the largest that was fully steerable. In 1871 they produced a 18-inch (0.46 m) reflector, also using speculum, for the private observatory of
788:, wrote a history of the company under the management of Thomas and Howard Grubb, based mostly on their letters. Glass also produced catalogues of the telescopes known to have been produced by Grubb and by Grubb Parsons.
546:
491:
were designed to produce uniform photographic plates. In 1896 they produced a 30-inch (0.76 m) reflector for the Royal
Observatory, Greenwich. The company produced an 18/24-inch double refractor for the
1649:
208:, active in the 19th and 20th centuries. They built numerous large research telescopes, including several that were (at the time of construction) the largest in the world of their type.
805:
800:
580:(the largest telescope in the world from 1845-1917). The families had been friends for two generations. Charles Parsons renamed the company Grubb Parsons and moved the factory to
1659:
637:
The company found the standardisation of designs to be profitable, so continued the approach with a series of six near-identical 74-inch (1.9 m) telescopes for the
1654:
715:, Australia), which was completed in 1965, though its design and mounting were completed by other companies. Grubb Parsons also produced the 49-inch (1.2 m)
452:
303:
545:
516:
1669:
529:
511:
several improvements to their design. The Grubb factory began manufacturing the new instruments, which became their primary business by 1914. During the
1664:
1159:
670:
899:
727:
in the world), but not the mechanical parts. Smaller telescopes produced by Grubb
Parsons in this period included the 1.0-metre (39 in)
468:
493:
587:
The first large telescope completed under the new management (though not the first ordered) was a 36-inch (0.91 m) reflector for the
703:
The company began to concentrate on optical systems, not mechanical designs, producing thousands of small mirrors, lenses and prisms for
693:
674:
573:
460:
227:
in the 1860s. They produced dozens of telescopes, including some of the largest of the 19th century, such as the 48-inch (1.2 m)
1629:
1535:
1301:
201:
1644:
841:
603:. In 1931 the company provided both a 40-inch (1.0 m) reflector and a 24/20-inch double refractor for the new site of the
318:
in 1833, as the Grubb
Telescope Company. The company's first order was the mount for the 13.3-inch (340 mm) telescope at
358:
1614:
665:(Egypt, 1963). They continued to produce numerous smaller telescopes in this period, including a 36-inch (0.91 m) for
1624:
1085:"18-inch telescope primary mirror, speculum, from William Huggins' Tulse Hill Observatory, by Howard Grubb, Irish, 1871"
1032:
476:
440:
354:
877:
1619:
685:
596:
588:
554:
472:
346:; both were innovative features that had not been used on large telescopes before and were widely adopted thereafter.
244:
623:
759:
747:
724:
708:
654:
384:. Thomas Grubb retired in 1868 and died in 1878. Howard Grubb solidified the company's reputation for high-quality
287:
279:
1118:
998:
732:
728:
712:
650:
615:
423:
396:
228:
188:
43:
638:
619:
577:
565:
532:(Santiago), which had been ordered in 1909, partially constructed in 1913, but was not operational until 1925.
267:
154:
1424:
1393:
742:
592:
444:
1609:
692:, completed in 1965. The location was later deemed unsuitable, so from 1979-84 this telescope was moved to
785:
771:
719:
in 1973, located adjacent to the AAT. They produced the optical components of the 3.8-metre (150 in)
681:
629:
350:
275:
791:
A partial history of the company under
Parsons was written by its last managing director, George Sisson.
707:
as well as small telescopes. They ground and polished the primary mirror for the 3.9-metre (150 in)
993:
720:
666:
642:
604:
497:
283:
1213:
17:
1560:
1523:
1471:
1432:
1401:
1331:
1196:
1127:
736:
716:
488:
335:
327:
323:
236:
232:
1419:
1388:
633:
The 74-inch for David Dunlap
Observatory, under construction in Grubb Parsons' workshop in Newcastle
361:(West Point, 1840), both using lenses that had been produced in Paris. The Grubb company operated a
689:
658:
581:
380:
With Thomas Grubb approaching retirement, in 1865 he was joined in managing the company by his son
374:
319:
271:
137:
75:
37:
1589:
903:
662:
448:
415:
385:
370:
366:
362:
331:
240:
1462:
836:
810:
1531:
1297:
1291:
1269:
410:
1084:
1055:
1568:
1475:
1259:
1250:
1135:
1131:
850:
775:
646:
339:
1217:
512:
479:(1893, still the largest refractor in the UK). In 1887 Grubb's firm built seven identical
432:
248:
1564:
1527:
1436:
1405:
1335:
1200:
1089:
1060:
758:
The company traded until 1985, with its last project being the 4.2-metre (170 in)
751:
731:(Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, 1979) and the optics for the 60-inch (1.5 m)
697:
600:
427:
404:
183:
1497:
1638:
1572:
1140:
1113:
704:
520:
484:
1594:
645:(South Africa, construction completed 1938 but first light delayed until after the
400:
381:
315:
298:
224:
212:
150:
105:
1520:
Victorian telescope makers : the lives and letters of Thomas and Howard Grubb
1450:
569:
349:
Orders from outside
Ireland soon followed, including the 6.7-inch (170 mm)
343:
700:, during which Grubb Parsons upgraded it with a 100-inch (2.54 m) mirror.
1454:
969:"Victorian Telescope Makers: The Lives and Letters of Thomas and Howard Grubb"
611:
561:
480:
436:
53:
1273:
1040:
1515:
1362:
964:
935:
885:
781:
528:
completed due to the war, such as a 24-inch (0.61 m) reflector for the
524:
504:
464:
274:. In the 20th century they produced large research telescopes including the
260:
256:
252:
205:
132:
46:, then the largest steerable telescope in the world, being installed in 1868
1245:
854:
1501:
1155:
968:
572:
engineer with family connections to telescope making – Parson's father
1366:
1296:(Dover ed.). Courier Corporation (published 1979). p. 387.
1264:
939:
508:
447:). The company constructed a 27-inch (0.69 m) refractor for the
389:
311:
220:
94:
560:
In 1925, with Howard Grubb aged 81 and the company on the verge of
741:
628:
539:
519:
were equipped with a periscope built by Grubb; following the 1916
409:
297:
1420:"Clarification that only telescope-making business was acquired"
599:
ordered a copy of this instrument, which was constructed as the
1056:"spectroscope, astronomical, by Grubb and Son, Irish, 1867 (c)"
657:(France, 1956, with a metric 1.93-metre (76 in) mirror),
584:, where his other engineering companies were already located.
357:(London, 1838) and a 6.0-inch (150 mm) refractor for the
940:"Telescopes and other instruments by Thomas and Howard Grubb"
1189:
Monthly Notes of the
Astronomical Society of Southern Africa
610:
Charles
Parsons died in 1931, but Grubb Parsons remained a
326:
in the world. This was followed by a 15-inch (380 mm)
813:- contemporary British telescope company, founded in 1837
463:(1881, Daramona House, Ireland); a 19-inch (0.48 m)
994:"Compound Microscope, by Thomas Grubb, Dublin, c. 1860"
422:
In 1868 the company completed the 48-inch (1.2 m)
806:
List of largest optical telescopes in the 20th century
801:
List of largest optical telescopes in the 19th century
770:
The surviving archives of the company are held at the
680:
The next major project was the 98-inch (2.49 m)
439:. A 24-inch (0.61 m) reflector was produced for
1650:
Manufacturing companies based in
Newcastle upon Tyne
1496:
Armstrong, Simon; Bayman, Hannah (11 January 2014).
1156:"Dome A - The Thompson 30-inch reflecting telescope"
1615:
Former Grubb Parsons large mirror polishing machine
395:The Grubbs contributed to the early development of
182:
172:
160:
144:
126:
111:
101:
81:
71:
63:
51:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
373:. In the 1850s and 60s, the company also produced
1620:Grubb and Parsons: Optical and engineering giants
1367:"Telescopes made by Grubb Parsons (Partial list)"
845:. Series A - Mathematical and Physical Sciences.
1522:. Bristol, UK: Institute of Physics Publishing.
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
900:"Thomas Romney Robinson and the New Instruments"
342:which could track targets automatically using a
1324:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
959:
957:
523:in Dublin, the periscope workshop was moved to
455:and regarded as being of high optical quality.
418:, built by the Grubb Telescope Company in 1878.
306:, built in 1875 by the Grubb Telescope Company.
830:
828:
826:
1630:The 36-inch telescope at Cambridge University
426:, one of the last large instruments to use a
8:
1285:
1283:
1033:"Grubbs of Dublin / Grubb Parsons 1830-1985"
878:"Grubbs of Dublin / Grubb Parsons 1830-1985"
302:Base of the 12-inch refracting telescope at
290:in 1985, after which the company shut down.
30:
1625:Grubb Parsons telescope construction photos
1114:"The scientific value of the Carte du Ciel"
669:(UK, 1955), a 40-inch (1.0 m) for the
223:. Control of the company passed to his son
1389:"Acquisition of telescope-making business"
530:National Astronomical Observatory of Chile
304:V. P. Engel'gardt Astronomical Observatory
36:
29:
1263:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1139:
365:with a 9-inch (230 mm) refractor at
1660:British companies disestablished in 1985
1369:. South African Astronomical Observatory
942:. South African Astronomical Observatory
496:(South Africa, 1897) and a copy for the
200:(legally 'Sir Howard Grubb, Parsons and
1610:Durham University Grubb Parson Lectures
1160:Herstmonceux Observatory Science Centre
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
837:"Sir Howard Grubb, Parsons and Company"
822:
673:(1963), and a 48-inch (1.2 m) for
553:The Grubb Parsons 36" telescope at the
1551:Sisson, G.M. (1992). "Mirror Images".
1317:
1315:
1313:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
671:South African Astronomical Observatory
270:, renamed Grubb Parsons, and moved to
247:in 1893. Leading up to and during the
31:Sir Howard Grubb, Parsons and Co. Ltd.
18:Sir Howard Grubb, Parsons and Co. Ltd.
1655:British companies established in 1833
1498:"When Geordies reached for the stars"
469:Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
266:In 1925 the company was purchased by
7:
494:Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope
471:(1890, Washington DC, USA); and the
286:(1979). Their final project was the
1322:"Massive optics at Grubb Parsons".
622:the telescope manufacturing arm of
507:was invented in 1902, Howard Grubb
235:) in 1868, a 27-inch (0.69 m)
27:Historic manufacturer of telescopes
1590:"Sir Howard Grubb, Parsons and Co"
835:Sisson, George M. (21 June 1955).
694:Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
675:Dominion Astrophysical Observatory
204:') was a historic manufacturer of
25:
1670:1985 disestablishments in England
1455:"The William Herschel telescope"
1141:10.1046/j.1468-4004.2000.41516.x
842:Proceedings of the Royal Society
338:layout and was provided with an
473:28-inch (0.71 m) refractor
251:(1914-18) the company produced
1665:1833 establishments in England
1244:Martin, L. C. (October 1944).
973:Ian Glass Astronomer Home Page
453:largest refractor in the world
359:United States Military Academy
1:
1112:Jones, Derek (October 2000).
653:(Canberra, Australia, 1955),
614:of his engineering business,
414:The 27-inch refractor at the
1573:10.1016/0083-6656(92)90001-m
1293:The History of the Telescope
624:Cooke, Troughton & Simms
477:Royal Observatory, Greenwich
451:in 1878, which was then the
441:Royal Observatory, Edinburgh
355:Royal Observatory, Greenwich
1187:"Demise of Grubb Parsons".
1039:. p. 2. Archived from
884:. p. 1. Archived from
686:Royal Greenwich Observatory
597:Royal Greenwich Observatory
589:Royal Observatory Edinburgh
555:Royal Observatory Edinburgh
322:, which became the largest
310:The company was founded in
245:Greenwich 28 inch refractor
1686:
1119:Astronomy & Geophysics
760:William Herschel Telescope
748:William Herschel Telescope
725:largest infrared telescope
709:Anglo-Australian Telescope
677:(Victoria, Canada, 1961).
655:Haute-Provence Observatory
595:in 1930. A year later the
487:project; the 13 inch
399:: in 1867 they produced a
288:William Herschel Telescope
280:Anglo-Australian Telescope
211:It was founded in 1833 by
189:C.A. Parsons & Company
1330:(6): 339. December 1999.
1214:"The Radcliffe Telescope"
1093:. University of Cambridge
1064:. University of Cambridge
999:History of Science Museum
733:Danish National Telescope
729:Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope
713:Siding Spring Observatory
651:Mount Stromlo Observatory
641:(Ontario, Canada, 1935),
616:C. A. Parsons and Company
424:Great Melbourne Telescope
397:astronomical spectroscopy
229:Great Melbourne Telescope
44:Great Melbourne Telescope
35:
639:David Dunlap Observatory
578:Leviathan of Parsonstown
268:Charles Algernon Parsons
1645:Telescope manufacturers
1476:1990S&T....80..136R
1425:J. R. Astron. Soc. Can.
1394:J. R. Astron. Soc. Can.
1290:Henry C. King (2003) .
1132:2000A&G....41e..16J
618:. In 1938, the company
445:Calton Hill Observatory
294:Grubb Telescope Company
217:Grubb Telescope Company
67:Grubb Telescope Company
1002:. University of Oxford
855:10.1098/rspa.1955.0118
786:historian of astronomy
772:Tyne and Wear Archives
755:
682:Isaac Newton Telescope
634:
557:
483:for the international
419:
367:its workshop in Dublin
351:Sheepshanks equatorial
314:by the Irish engineer
307:
276:Isaac Newton Telescope
1246:"Prof. A. E. Conrady"
745:
721:UK Infrared Telescope
688:, which had moved to
667:Cambridge Observatory
643:Radcliffe Observatory
632:
605:Stockholm Observatory
552:
498:Radcliffe Observatory
489:refracting telescopes
461:William Edward Wilson
413:
301:
284:UK Infrared Telescope
1043:on 4 September 2011.
737:La Silla Observatory
717:UK Schmidt Telescope
576:had constructed the
503:After the submarine
375:compound microscopes
328:reflecting telescope
324:refracting telescope
233:reflecting telescope
1565:1992VA.....35..345S
1553:Vistas in Astronomy
1528:1997vtml.book.....G
1463:Sky & Telescope
1437:1938JRASC..32R.396H
1406:1938JRASC..32..362H
1336:1999JBAA..109..339S
1201:1984MNSSA..43Q..26.
1054:Clackson, Saffron.
811:T. Cooke & Sons
690:Herstmonceux Castle
659:Okayama Observatory
582:Newcastle-upon-Tyne
386:optical instruments
320:Markree Observatory
272:Newcastle upon Tyne
174:Number of employees
76:Optical engineering
32:
904:Armagh Observatory
756:
663:Helwan Observatory
661:(Japan, 1960) and
635:
558:
517:British submarines
449:Vienna Observatory
420:
416:Vienna Observatory
371:visitor attraction
363:public observatory
353:refractor for the
332:Armagh Observatory
308:
241:Vienna Observatory
130:Dublin (1833-1918)
1220:. 29 October 2018
849:(1181): 147–157.
568:. Parsons was an
564:, it was sold to
550:
334:, which used the
243:in 1878, and the
195:
194:
16:(Redirected from
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1308:
1307:
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1265:10.1038/154491b0
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1037:Backyard Voyager
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896:
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882:Backyard Voyager
874:
859:
858:
832:
776:Discovery Museum
739:, Chile, 1976).
723:(1979, then the
647:Second World War
551:
500:(Oxford, 1901).
340:equatorial mount
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92:
90:
40:
33:
21:
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1514:
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1457:
1453:(August 1990).
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1218:UCL Observatory
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1211:
1207:
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1185:
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943:
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933:
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906:
898:
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893:
888:on 7 July 2011.
876:
875:
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833:
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820:
797:
768:
574:William Parsons
566:Charles Parsons
540:
538:
513:First World War
433:William Huggins
296:
249:First World War
178:150 (1955)
175:
167:
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155:Charles Parsons
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1090:Whipple Museum
1083:Nall, Joshua.
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1061:Whipple Museum
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778:in Newcastle.
774:, part of the
767:
766:Historiography
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752:Canary Islands
698:Canary Islands
601:Yapp telescope
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1431:: 399. 1938.
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1400:: 363. 1938.
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1599:. Retrieved
1595:Graces Guide
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1516:Glass, I. S.
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1479:. Retrieved
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1451:Ridpath, Ian
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1195:: 26. 1984.
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1126:(5): 16–20.
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316:Thomas Grubb
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225:Howard Grubb
216:
213:Thomas Grubb
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197:
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151:Howard Grubb
127:Headquarters
106:Thomas Grubb
1481:13 February
1224:13 February
1165:16 February
909:13 February
593:first light
570:Anglo-Irish
481:astrographs
344:clock drive
282:(1965) and
1639:Categories
1559:(4): 345.
1373:8 February
1363:Glass, Ian
978:7 February
965:Glass, Ian
946:8 February
936:Glass, Ian
818:References
711:(AAT) (at
612:subsidiary
607:(Sweden).
562:bankruptcy
443:(1872, at
437:Tulse Hill
388:, and was
336:Cassegrain
257:submarines
253:periscopes
206:telescopes
166:Periscopes
164:Telescopes
146:Key people
54:Trade name
1274:1476-4687
782:Ian Glass
525:St Albans
505:periscope
465:heliostat
403:with six
392:in 1887.
263:in 1918.
261:St Albans
237:refractor
191:(1925-85)
140:(1925-85)
138:Newcastle
135:(1918-25)
133:St Albans
97:, Ireland
1518:(1997).
1502:BBC News
1097:27 March
1068:27 March
1006:27 March
795:See also
754:, Spain.
620:acquired
509:patented
467:for the
428:speculum
390:knighted
278:(1965),
239:for the
202:Co. Ltd.
161:Products
72:Industry
64:Formerly
42:Grubb's
1601:13 June
1561:Bibcode
1524:Bibcode
1472:Bibcode
1470:: 136.
1433:Bibcode
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1332:Bibcode
1197:Bibcode
1128:Bibcode
750:in the
696:in the
515:, most
475:at the
369:, as a
215:as the
117: (
112:Defunct
102:Founder
87: (
82:Founded
1534:
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1251:Nature
405:prisms
312:Dublin
221:Dublin
184:Parent
168:Lenses
95:Dublin
1458:(PDF)
1603:2024
1532:ISBN
1483:2023
1375:2023
1298:ISBN
1270:ISSN
1226:2023
1167:2023
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911:2023
784:, a
746:The
684:for
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119:1985
115:1985
89:1833
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1569:doi
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