84:
108:
95:
133:
406:, he was (according to some sources) repeatedly on the point of being put to death, but later escaped when some of his guards ran away, and he struck a deal (which was honoured) with the others to negotiate their surrender. In general he seems to have been treated well, his main complaint about his treatment being the interminably long graces he was compelled to listen to at mealtimes. When his captors, in a "
121:
73:
385:
and quartered his troops in the houses of
Presbyterian families: although he was given the nickname "Bloody Bite-the-Sheep" by Covenanters, and he added to an existing reputation for cruelty, it appears that he did not exceed his commission and did not go as far in enforcing Episcopacy as he was
237:, graduating MA in 1631 (very much against his will, according to his later memoirs). His parents had intended for him to follow his father into the church, but Turner was determined to become a soldier, and in 1632 he travelled to Germany and enlisted in the service of
629:
in fact state (pp.240–1) that while he did not particularly approve of the massacre of
Highlanders at Dunaverty, he argued that they had not surrendered on any promises and in view of their previous actions probably deserved punishment, albeit not by the
41:
273:, although he never signed the Covenant himself and appears to have remained more interested in joining the Royalist party; when in 1646 Charles was in the custody of the Scots army, Turner attempted to convince him of the necessity of escaping.
477:
Turner's character appears to have embodied many contradictions, noticed even by his contemporaries or near contemporaries; whilst well-educated and intelligent, he had a reputation as a brutal and violent man even by the standards of the time.
458:, a set of essays on classical and modern warfare. He left a large number of manuscripts, catalogued as British Museum Add MS 12067 (now in the British Library), including philosophical essays, biographies, translations into English from
390:
and others. While pro-Covenanter sources characterise Turner as mercilessly severe, commentators from the opposite camp observe that he would have witnessed atrocities committed by armed
Covenanters (specifically at the
422:, occupying himself with writing. In 1683-4 he was again involved in suppressing uprisings in south-west Scotland, but appears to have died soon after 1685, although the exact date of his death is unknown.
528:. Dalgetty's unintentionally humorous (over)use of Latin proverbs and quotes in particular has similarities to Turner's memoirs. His career may also have suggested some incidents incorporated by Scott in
769:
508:
I had swallowed without chewing in
Germanie a very dangerous maxime which militarie men then too much followed, which was that so we serve our master honestlie it is no matter what master we serve
257:
By 1639 he had been promoted to captain, and returned to
Scotland in search of employment, but soon departed again for Germany. In 1640 he attempted to travel to England to offer his services to
784:
759:
288:", and criticised him for leaving garrisons behind without a source of water, leading to their rapid surrender. Turner was involved in Leslie's defeats of Mac Colla at the
714:
414:". Turner was blamed by the Scottish privy council for the Rising's outbreak, and was deprived of his commissions. For some fifteen years he then lived in retirement at
410:" humour asked him to attend a sermon, hoping to bring him over to their side, Turner joked with them (referring to the fines he used to levy on Covenanters) that "
412:
if I did not come to heare Mr Welch preach, then they might fine me in fortie shillings Scots, which was double the soume of what I had exacted from the phanatikes
375:, Turner was successively promoted in command of the Royal troops in Scotland, and employed in the suppression of the Lowland Covenanters popularly known as the "
764:
779:
719:
789:
321:
434:
whilst campaigning in
Ireland. He paid a warm tribute to her in his memoirs, noting that she was the granddaughter of a knight, and had been "
734:
357:
739:
729:
442:" to his masters in Scotland. Because of this and his own lack of money at the time he did not marry her until three years later in
581:
246:
724:
749:
471:
277:
454:
Turner is best known for his memoirs, first printed in 1819 long after his death. However, in his lifetime he published
794:
289:
744:
467:
174:
301:
185:
83:
399:
344:, and walked to London before rejoining Charles on the continent. In 1654 he embarked on a risky mission to
329:
296:. By 1647 he was made adjutant-general of the Scottish army. In August 1648, he accompanied the army of the
324:'s 1650 Royalist campaign, but failed to get sufficient funds: in the event, Montrose was defeated at the
709:
372:
333:
265:, but failed to make contact with Charles's army. He instead entered service with the opposing Scottish
575:
87:
774:
704:
524:
387:
353:
325:
258:
242:
170:
392:
337:
293:
270:
195:
190:
180:
137:
132:
522:'s most well-known characters, the ex-mercenary Sir Dugald Dalgetty of Drumthwacket, in the novel
754:
281:
234:
156:
238:
519:
160:
305:
262:
495:
77:
698:
530:
487:
376:
574:
479:
328:. Later in 1650, Turner was able to cross to Scotland, landing the day before the
312:
on 25 August. He was held prisoner until late 1649, when he returned to
Germany.
462:, and correspondence. He was also reputed to be the author of a satirical poem,
398:
Despite his claims of not going beyond his commission, his actions provoked the
381:
280:, Turner was dispatched to suppress the Royalist campaigning of the clansmen of
266:
100:
17:
40:
570:
216:(1615 – after 1685) was a Scottish professional soldier of the 17th century.
646:
348:
to gauge the possibilities of a
Royalist uprising, while in 1657 he went to
309:
623:
The
British Critic, Quarterly Theological Review, and Ecclesiastical Record
459:
419:
403:
297:
230:
113:
504:
naturally fierce, but was mad when he was drunk, and that was very often
415:
361:
125:
120:
686:
George
Buchanan: Political thought in early modern Britain and Europe
443:
365:
349:
341:
284:; despite the latter's fearsome reputation, Turner judged him to be "
72:
431:
229:
Turner was the eldest son of Patrick Turner (d.1634), minister of
345:
395:) and would have therefore been disinclined to be lenient.
430:
Turner was married to Mary White, whom he met in 1643 in
518:
Turner was to a large degree the inspiration for one of
332:. Appointed adjutant-general of foot, he accompanied
770:
Swedish military personnel of the Thirty Years' War
500:
he was a learned man, but had been always in armies
203:
166:
152:
144:
66:
58:
50:
31:
621:"Turner's Memoirs of his own Life and Times" in
585:. Vol. 57. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
498:(who knew him well in later life) said that "
470:of infidelity with the wife of Lord Advocate
8:
785:Prisoners and detainees of England and Wales
436:tenacious of the Roman Catholic persuasion
340:, was captured, subsequently escaped near
39:
28:
760:Scottish people of the Thirty Years' War
715:17th-century Scottish military personnel
649:, thereformation.info, 22 September 2016
647:Sir James Turner, inter alia, a soldier
543:
506:". For his own part Turner noted that "
379:". He adopted the tactic of the French
233:, and Margaret Law. He was educated at
364:to fight in the ongoing conflict with
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
308:, and he subsequently surrendered at
7:
642:
640:
638:
636:
765:Alumni of the University of Glasgow
402:in 1666: surprised and captured at
438:" when they met, a religion then "
25:
780:Scottish people imprisoned abroad
720:17th-century Scottish memoirists
582:Dictionary of National Biography
131:
119:
106:
93:
82:
71:
625:, v.VII, 1830, 113–4. Turner's
484:butcher rather than a soldier
358:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
225:Early life and foreign service
1:
472:George Mackenzie of Rosehaugh
276:Under the overall command of
790:Italian–English translators
735:17th-century Scottish poets
356:, King of Poland under the
290:Battle of Rhunahaorine Moss
245:, under the command of Sir
811:
468:John Graham of Claverhouse
175:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
740:Scottish military writers
352:to offer his services to
320:Turner had hoped to join
304:, where it was routed by
38:
730:17th-century translators
502:" and described him as "
360:, and then travelled to
241:, then embroiled in the
186:Battle of Preston (1648)
725:17th-century essayists
490:characterised him as "
388:Archbishop James Sharp
253:With the Scottish army
576:"Turner, James"
145:Years of service
750:Scottish mercenaries
525:A Legend of Montrose
482:described him as a "
326:Battle of Carbisdale
393:Battle of Dunaverty
338:Battle of Worcester
196:Battle of Worcester
191:Battle of Dunaverty
181:Battle of Oldendorf
795:Scottish satirists
418:and his estate in
282:Alasdair Mac Colla
235:Glasgow University
157:Lieutenant colonel
88:Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
745:Scottish generals
612:, v1, 1913, p.285
597:Cavalier Generals
243:Thirty Years' War
239:Gustavus Adolphus
211:
210:
171:Thirty Years' War
16:(Redirected from
802:
689:
682:
676:
669:
663:
656:
650:
644:
631:
619:
613:
606:
600:
593:
587:
586:
578:
567:
520:Sir Walter Scott
466:, which accused
464:Mitchell's Ghost
371:Knighted at the
330:Battle of Dunbar
316:Royalist service
214:Sir James Turner
161:Adjutant general
136:
135:
124:
123:
111:
110:
109:
98:
97:
96:
86:
76:
75:
45:Sir James Turner
43:
29:
21:
18:Sir James Turner
810:
809:
805:
804:
803:
801:
800:
799:
695:
694:
693:
692:
683:
679:
670:
666:
657:
653:
645:
634:
620:
616:
610:The Covenanters
607:
603:
594:
590:
569:
568:
545:
540:
516:
452:
428:
400:Pentland Rising
386:being urged by
354:John II Casimir
318:
306:Oliver Cromwell
255:
227:
222:
204:Other work
177:
173:
130:
129:
118:
117:
107:
105:
104:
94:
92:
91:
81:
70:
46:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
808:
806:
798:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
697:
696:
691:
690:
677:
664:
651:
632:
614:
601:
588:
573:, ed. (1899).
542:
541:
539:
536:
515:
512:
496:Gilbert Burnet
451:
450:Literary works
448:
427:
424:
317:
314:
254:
251:
226:
223:
221:
218:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
199:
198:
193:
188:
183:
168:
164:
163:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
78:Swedish Empire
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
44:
36:
35:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
807:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
700:
688:, 2016, p.210
687:
681:
678:
674:
668:
665:
661:
655:
652:
648:
643:
641:
639:
637:
633:
628:
624:
618:
615:
611:
605:
602:
599:, 2004, p.194
598:
592:
589:
584:
583:
577:
572:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
544:
537:
535:
533:
532:
531:Old Mortality
527:
526:
521:
513:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
488:Robert Wodrow
485:
481:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:Pallas Armata
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
426:Personal life
425:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
396:
394:
389:
384:
383:
378:
377:Killing Times
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
252:
250:
248:
247:James Lumsden
244:
240:
236:
232:
224:
219:
217:
215:
206:
202:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
178:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
127:
122:
115:
102:
89:
85:
79:
74:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
42:
37:
30:
27:
19:
710:1680s deaths
685:
680:
672:
667:
659:
654:
630:Covenanters.
626:
622:
617:
609:
604:
596:
591:
580:
529:
523:
517:
507:
503:
499:
491:
483:
476:
463:
455:
453:
439:
435:
429:
411:
407:
397:
380:
370:
319:
285:
278:David Leslie
275:
263:Bishops' War
256:
228:
213:
212:
167:Battles/wars
33:James Turner
26:
775:Covenanters
705:1615 births
571:Lee, Sidney
382:dragonnades
373:Restoration
267:Covenanting
140:(1660–1684)
116:(1650–1651)
103:(1640–1650)
101:Covenanters
90:(1633–1639)
80:(1632–1633)
699:Categories
538:References
514:In fiction
334:Charles II
286:nae soljer
67:Allegiance
62:After 1685
755:Cavaliers
684:Erskine,
608:Hewison,
595:Barratt,
494:", while
310:Uttoxeter
294:Dunaverty
271:Newcastle
259:Charles I
148:1632–1684
114:Royalists
112:Scottish
99:Scottish
671:Turner,
658:Turner,
460:Petrarch
440:hatefull
420:Ayrshire
404:Dumfries
322:Montrose
298:Engagers
269:army at
231:Dalkeith
138:Scotland
673:Memoirs
662:, p.164
660:Memoirs
627:Memoirs
492:bookish
416:Glasgow
362:Denmark
336:to the
302:Preston
292:and at
261:in the
126:Denmark
675:, p.34
444:Hexham
408:merrie
366:Sweden
350:Danzig
342:Oxford
207:Writer
128:(1657)
480:Defoe
432:Newry
346:Fife
220:Life
153:Rank
59:Died
54:1615
51:Born
510:".
486:":
300:to
701::
635:^
579:.
546:^
534:.
474:.
446:.
368:.
249:.
159:,
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
