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The Wodehouse

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457: 80: 832: 836: 1495:. University of California Press, 1981. p159: "Taormina was an obvious place for Colonel Shaw Hellier, retired soldier as he was with some artistic leanings, as susceptible as Ashbee – if not more so – to the glories of Sicilian boyhood, to choose to end his days." On the same page, she quotes a description by Ashbee of Shaw-Hellier's "bevy of Sicilian boy retainers...with large dreamy eyes". 187:, made additions such as a billiard room and a chapel, as well as many decorative external features. In 1912, just after the estate changed hands, the Wolverhampton architect J.K.H.E. Lavender was engaged. The gardens continued to be opened to the public on certain occasions; for example, in 1936 the Wodehouse joined the 527:. Ashbee was gay or bisexual, and she thinks Shaw-Hellier may have been too. The Ashbees saw him as childlike, "perpetually young" and sprightly even in his 70s, enthusiastic, unpompous, devoted "to all the little simple helpful things of life", and erratic in his musical taste. He died in Sicily in 1910. 598:
rediscovered the treasure trove in a room in the stableblock in the 1960s. A researcher who did some of the cataloguing the following decade states that it was rare to find a collection in which both instruments and books survive, but the collection was split up soon afterwards. The instruments went
345:. The family continued its close ties with St. John's Wolverhampton; in addition to Sir Samuel's endowment and his successor's work there, in 1820 a daughter of the house, Parthenia, married the minister. Sons of the house went into the ministry, including several successive generations named Thomas. 965: 229:
educated, and evidently, through his collections, open to new and foreign ideas. He was someone who first had a passion for eclectic knowledge and had already accumulated a substantial library and the core of an important collection of musical instruments. He died in 1751. His only son and heir, who
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a taste for fast motoring". The last of the pair died in 1980, and the Wodehouse—still without being sold—passed to distant relatives, the Phillips, who live there privately, occasionally opening the house and grounds to the public. The Wodehouse still holds a significant collection of 18th century
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which, besides having all the usual decorative features of gardens of the time, temples, grottoes, a root house, a druid’s circle, also had a music room with working organ, a hermitage with life-sized model of a hermit and boards set up along the paths with appropriate verses to enlighten visitors.
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now largely ceremonial but then the principal law enforcement officer of the county, and was knighted in 1762. In addition to the items for which he was famous, he collected beautiful or unusual objects: a gold cane-handle depicting the intertwining of the emblems of several local families was
587:. It was kept by the family for almost two hundred years. In 1880, it was sold by Colonel Shaw-Hellier, but he repurchased it ten years later. Upon his death in 1910, it passed out of the family. It is now in the care of the Stradivari Foundation in Cremona, where it is on display at the 538:. The two surviving Shaw-Hellier sisters lived in the Wodehouse (and possibly also in the Villa San Giorgio), maintaining their connections with the church and village (e.g. donating a substantial sum of money towards the building of a second church) and were described as "delightfully 859:"Summer 2011, Issue 44 of the newsletter of the Staffordshire Gardens and Parks Trust. "Of these, only one is open under the Scheme in 2011 – The Wombourne Wodehouse, which first opened in 1936, – though the total number of gardens open in Staffordshire this year is sixty-seven..."" 1829:. GARDENERS & GARDENING IN 18th & 19th CENTURY STAFFORDSHIRE – Sir Samuel Hellier (d1784) of Wodehouse, Wombourne, landscape gardener and man of taste by Douglas Johnson. Landscape and garden making at Keele 1700–1900 by Dr Keith Goodway. 9 Nov 1983 969: 1247:
Issued under the orders of Colonel Shaw-Hellier and compiled by Captain Charles Russell Day, Oxfordshire Light Infantry. Eyre & Spottiswoode, Government and General Publishers, London. xii, 254pp. 1891. Shaw-Hellier's introduction is transcribed
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in 1963. The early-eighteenth-century Wodehouse farmhouse and mill, across the road from the main house, were grade II* listed in 1973. In 1987, the barn, the dam over the mill pool, and the causeway over its other end all received grade II status.
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Sir Samuel's grandmother lived to be 99, and he survived not two years longer, dying in the autumn of 1784. He never married and left his property to his lifelong friend Thomas Shaw, minister at St John's Wolverhampton and
583:, an instrument authentication business, states that it was in the possession of Sir Edward Hellier in 1734, so it is possible that the Englishman bought it directly from the elderly luthier himself, perhaps during a 558:
The musical collection is most closely associated with Sir Samuel Hellier, but the most valuable item within it preceded him, and those who came after him maintained or added to the printed works and instruments. The
472:; he was over, and she was almost, 60 years old: they had no children. The marriage was characterised as "disastrous, wild, brief" and his response was to leave England and set himself a new project. He moved to 388:
The second historically significant musical person from the Wodehouse is Colonel Thomas Bradney Shaw-Hellier (1836–1910). He made a career in military music, spending several years as commandant of the
1900: 468:
families of the area, "The whole inter-marrying and single child families came to a sterile conclusion in 1898 when Thomas Bradney Shaw-Hellier married Harriet Bradney Marsh Evans". They
242:. As a young man, he wrote of his longing to marry, but never did so, blaming in part his finances. His maternal grandmother, Sarah Huntbach of Seawall, a dowager heiress, controlled the 212:
describes the Wodehouse as "unspoilt", with the house having "a certain serene and mysterious charm" and the property overall "the classic configuration of an early medieval settlement".
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Shropshire Archives "Some Notes on the Living of Claverley, Salop, based on the personal account book and other papers of the Rev Thomas Shaw, later Shaw Hellier" typescript by J S Allen
1425: 1069:"St Benedict Biscop Guidebook. "One of the kneelers shows the Wombourne Wodehouse, a large country home, whose family have been benefactors of our church for generations."" 1915: 658: 280:, two men of the late eighteenth century "who have left us solid evidence of the means by which they indulged their enthusiasm". He was also a "prominent figure at the 1628: 119:
In the middle of the 18th century, the Wodehouse was turned into a centre of culture. The 18 acres (73,000 m) of grounds were laid out in fashionable style:
939: 768:. Vol. XX. Edited by M. W. Greenslade. Oxford University Press for the Institute of Historical Research, 1984. xix+250 pp. 47 illustrations. 19 maps and plans. 653: 417:, donating a banner and co-organising the tercentenary celebrations at the beginning of the 20th century. His military career saw him rise to command the 265:
Sir Samuel spent a great deal of money on collecting a musical treasure trove of instruments and newly published works. He was particularly interested in
1656: 1731:. A Catalogue of the Shaw-Hellier Collection in the Music Library, Barber Institute of Fine Arts, The University of Birmingham (review by David Hunter) 1163: 858: 634:
Non-musical gifts were made to museums as well. For example, a model of a 64-gun ship with rigging, made in the late 18th century, was donated to the
1303: 1229: 1890: 1745: 456: 378: 492:. In 1907 Shaw-Hellier commissioned Ashbee, who had renovated the Wodehouse a decade before, to build him a marble villa on the hilltop to rival 619:, where its 860 items were fully documented by Ian Ledsham in 1999. This includes rare copies of musical works, such as the Ten Voluntaries by 534:
since the 1770s. On his death in 1922, the estate passed to Evelyn's daughter Evelyn Mary Penelope Shaw-Hellier, his son having been killed in
357:, the grandson and direct heir of the Reverend Thomas Shaw, rented out the property. Being a keen huntsman, he preferred the country seats of 647: 148:. A series of drawings of the garden features are all that survive. The Shaw Helliers and some of their properties are mentioned in the 1820 1837: 1203: 1905: 374: 300: 1851: 330:, and in 1786 Reverend Shaw became Shaw-Hellier. He lived at the Wodehouse with his wife Mary, worked at St. John's Wolverhampton and at 1275: 1068: 366: 1249: 304: 274: 1786: 520:, the biographer of the architect, judges it "the most impressive of Ashbee's remaining buildings". It survives as the Hotel Ashbee. 1895: 270: 230:
bore the same name, was 14 and an orphan, his mother having predeceased his father. One of the boy's more sympathetic guardians was
311:, and his correspondence with this organist regarding playing techniques has recently been rediscovered, and is cited approvingly. 1429: 397:, where a prize for composition—a gold-mounted baton—was named in his honour. He was responsible for the Musical Division of the 373:
politician, pacifist, and philanthropist, and his wife Alexandra Tolstoy apparently lived for a time in the Wodehouse. Stanhope
414: 296: 1188: 607:—has been described in half a dozen journals and catalogues. The other half of the collection, the written works, went to the 603:
Collection of Historic Musical Instruments. A single one that was chosen or commissioned by Sir Samuel Hellier—in this case a
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at Chelsea in 1890. Over the five-month exhibition, he brought 74 military bands from all over the country to perform by the
390: 57: 994:, a collection of conference papers given by the international panel of distinguished Handel scholars. Clarendon Press, 1993 516:, later a world expert but then newly graduated from Oxford, to catalogue all the potsherds unearthed by the construction.) 1333:
Bell's Cathedrals: The Cathedral Church of Winchester: A Description of Its Fabric and a Brief History of the Episcopal See
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The estate passed to his nephew Evelyn Simpson, who changed his name to Shaw-Hellier; his ancestors had owned a brewery in
127:, the resort both of 'people of consequence' and of 'tag, rag and rabble' for here, in 1763, Sir Samuel Hellier laid out a 663: 612: 250: 1682: 1618: 1053: 1019: 943: 243: 1245:
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Musical Instruments recently exhibited at the Royal Military Exhibition, London, 1890.
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Despite these constraints, he managed to redesign the Wodehouse's expansive gardens, as described above. He became
1774:"'A sweet pretty instrument' -- Sir Samuel Hellier's Obsession" by Percy Young. British Institute of Organ Studies 231: 68: 1151: 398: 616: 335: 184: 161: 153: 1660: 1167: 865: 792: 620: 382: 196: 188: 172: 1099: 493: 485: 239: 209: 205: 1749: 1327: 1260: 489: 281: 180: 168: 37: 1582: 1041: 600: 560: 480:, a place welcoming to artists and homosexuals, and made more so by the artistic nude photographs of 441: 145: 61: 52:
of the Georgian landscape designer and musicologist Sir Samuel Hellier and, a century later, Colonel
820: 752: 741: 730: 719: 708: 697: 171:, with seventeenth-century additions and eighteenth-century internal refittings. It was restored by 1286: 481: 354: 342: 53: 1843: 1830: 1357: 409:, was displayed, and a catalogue was issued the following year under his direction. He was also a 132:
The whole garden was a clearly a caricature of the finest achievements in 18th-century gardening.
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The British Institute of Organ Studies. BIOS Reporter Volume 28, number 4, page 15. October 2004.
788: 635: 568: 509: 437: 433: 370: 1779: 1720: 1712: 1683:"EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY COLLECTION OF HISTORIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 18th century brass instruments" 1030: 1214: 763: 1775: 1716: 1708: 1026: 623:. In addition, and still at the Wodehouse, is a series of 165 letters Sir Samuel wrote to his 588: 292: 226: 1075: 67:
It is claimed that the Wodehouse has not been sold for over 900 years, though more than once
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Victoria County History, vol. XX,(1984) pp.205-6, quoted in the English Heritage list entry
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26 March 1892. A report of Col. Shaw-Hellier's talk on The Organization of Military Bands.
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in particular, which holds several memorials to them. Sir Samuel endowed both the ancient
277: 191:, and as recently as in 2011 hosted the AGM of the Staffordshire Gardens and Parks Trust. 128: 100: 34: 1547: 1746:"ENGLAND: THE OTHER WITHIN Analysing the English Collections at the Pitt Rivers Museum" 1535:. University of California Press, 1981. Chapter 7, "The death of Conradin", footnote 1. 1383:
The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations Since the Renaissance
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exhibition marking the tercentenary of the composer's birth calls Sir Samuel, and
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Catherine Frew and Arnold Myers, "Sir Samuel Hellier's 'Musicall Instruments'",
535: 505: 338: 327: 288: 112: 96: 49: 512:, which had been set up to re-value art and craftsmanship. (Shaw-Hellier asked 1644: 584: 1866: 1853: 204:
called the Wodehouse one of the "three great houses" of the area, along with
1811: 1318:
The 1897 English Jersey Cattle Society's herd book, Volume 8, lists him too.
1016: 410: 320: 88: 41: 1728: 1559: 1454:. University of California Press, 1981. Chapter 7, "The death of Conradin" 627:, specifying how instruments were to be played and stored, a boon for the 477: 901:
Guide to Staffordshire and the Black Country, The Potteries and the Peak
833:"Staffordshire Places: Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent Archive Service" 624: 604: 572: 531: 1608:
South Staffordshire Conservative Association reception, September 2011
341:, died in 1827; he had also been known to steward the races at nearby 1570: 1466:
The Kitsons and the arts: a Leeding family in Sicily and West Reading
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The Kitsons and the arts: a Leeding family in Sicily and West Reading
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The Kitsons and the arts: a Leeding family in Sicily and West Reading
1126:. By Barbara Owen. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997. P102. 922: 546:
There is a Shaw Hellier Avenue named after the family, in the nearby
473: 465: 331: 266: 137: 108: 785:
A survey of Staffordshire: containing the antiquities of that county
1101:"A Tale of Two Squares: St. John's and St. James's" by Maureen Hunt 1657:"CIMCIM INTERNATIONAL DIRECTORY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENT COLLECTIONS" 576: 455: 287:
For centuries the families at the Wodehouse, as was usual for the
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The Wodehouse was acquired by Samuel Hellier by the 1720s. He was
1586: 1219:. Professor R. T. Shannon. London: Allen Lane, 1999, xvii+702 pp. 523:
McCarthy also gives some insight into the life and spirit of the
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And a 1930s photograph of the house and modern Google Map image
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architect, in the 1870s. A generation later, in the late 1890s,
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The south pool of the Wom Brook, in the grounds of the Wodehouse
1007:. Jacob Simon, National Portrait Gallery (Great Britain), 1985. 816: 814: 284:", one of the world's oldest classical choral music festivals. 1583:"Visit by the Hagley Historical and Field Society (July 2011)" 934: 932: 930: 476:, then in its heyday for the British visitor, and settled in 326:
1765–1810. A condition of inheritance was that the recipient
921:, vol. 56, June 2003. Includes a full-page colour portrait. 464:
In the words of one local historian who has documented the
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Some of the complexity of the inheritances can be seen at
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Friends of Broadfield House Glass Museum, report of visit.
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The Victoria County History of the County of Staffordshire
405:. A large collection of musical instruments, particularly 123:
The Wodehouse became in the later 18th century, an early
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Notes: Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association
1508:, 111, pp. 37-63. 2003, based on Journal 49 October 1986. 1571:
Visit by the STAFFORD DECORATIVE & FINE ARTS SOCIETY
1543: 1541: 1782:. BIOS Reporter Volume 28, number 4, page 15. Oct 2004. 1276:
Hansard record, HC Deb 01 December 1882 vol 275 cc494-5
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Review of Ledsham's 1999 catalogue, by P. Ward Jones.
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Handel, a celebration of his life and times, 1685–1759
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drinking glasses, as well as portraits and porcelain.
307:, which opened in 1760. He provided an organ for his 1304:
English Jersey Society, quoted in FARM AND STATION,
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The Greek Theatre in Taormina, by Wilhem von Gloeden
160:describes the property as "a noble mansion in the 1901:English gardens in English Landscape Garden style 1836:A diagram of the descendants of Rev. Thomas Shaw 1806:and Dianne Barre. Redcliffe Press, Bristol. 2009. 940:"THE HUNTBACH FAMILY OF SEAWALL AND FEATHERSTONE" 659:Grade II* listed buildings in South Staffordshire 436:, in his case commemorating the quincentenary of 1372:. University of California Press, 1981 (pg. 158) 484:. One of his expat friends there was the artist 381:. One of their houseguests at the Wodehouse was 1800:The Historic Gardens of England: Staffordshire 1735:– Volume 57, Number 3, March 2001, pp. 610-611 334:, and died in 1812. His son James, manager of 1533:The Simple Life: C.R. Ashbee in the Cotswolds 1493:The Simple Life: C.R. Ashbee in the Cotswolds 1482:. University of California Press, 1981. p 161 1452:The Simple Life: C.R. Ashbee in the Cotswolds 1370:The Simple Life: C.R. Ashbee in the Cotswolds 913: 911: 909: 8: 1504:Mike Brown. "On the Trail of the Phillips", 1480:The Simple Life:C.R. Ashbee in the Cotswolds 1468:. York: The University of York. p. 125. 1414:. York: The University of York. p. 126. 1399:. York: The University of York. p. 124. 1140:The History and Antiquities of Staffordshire 654:List of country houses in the United Kingdom 152:, but, curiously, not the Wodehouse itself. 60:. For almost 200 years the family owned the 1331:20 August 1897, cited in the 2007 notes to 1230:"Band Gossip for Far and Near" by Tomtom. 353:For a period in the middle of the century 1825:As part of the Jack Leighton Lectures at 444:with altar and fittings. He is listed in 432:. Like his predecessor, he supported the 328:change his name to that of his benefactor 269:; indeed, the catalogue accompanying the 1916:Grade II* listed houses in Staffordshire 1112:A Topographical History of Staffordshire 683:"Friends of Broadfield House". From the 349:19th century: Colonel T. B. Shaw-Hellier 78: 27:Small country house in Staffordshire, UK 1124:The Registration of Baroque Organ Music 675: 488:; another in his circle was the writer 140:'s temple, was the first commission of 164:style, situated in a beautiful vale". 95:has existed since medieval times. The 91:, to the east of the village, and the 1809:"Royal National Service Institution" 1217:Gladstone: Heroic Minister, 1865–1898 805:A Topographical Dictionary of England 648:Donington le Heath Manor House Museum 158:A Topographical Dictionary of England 7: 1626:, first published Friday 18 May 2007 1385:. Frank Cass & Co., 1998. P38-39 992:Handel collections and their history 428:, described as a leading breeder of 1707:Volume 57, Number 3, March 2001. E- 1263:The Worshipful Company of Musicians 367:Philip Stanhope, 1st Baron Weardale 301:parish church of St Benedict Biscop 208:. At the turn of the 21st century, 1645:Cozio page on Hellier Stradivarius 1335:by Philip Walsingham Sergeant 1899 1234:, Issue 6144, 2 April 1898, Page 6 291:, were closely connected with the 107:in 1953 as Grade II*, as were the 25: 966:"Museum entry, with explanations" 375:was elected to Parliament in 1886 238:, who encouraged him to study at 87:The Wodehouse is situated on the 1794:The Field Book of Country Houses 1215:Review by Eugenio F. Biagini of 1204:Shaw-Hellier family history site 221:18th century: Sir Samuel Hellier 1891:Country houses in Staffordshire 650:, contemporary to the Wodehouse 415:Worshipful Company of Musicians 305:St John's Church, Wolverhampton 504:of England, and with a nod to 419:4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards 391:Royal Military School of Music 58:Royal Military School of Music 1: 664:Listed buildings in Wombourne 613:Barber Institute of Fine Arts 251:High Sheriff of Staffordshire 144:after leaving the studios of 1787:the Nottinghamshire Archives 903:By Michael Raven, p372. 2004 253:like his father before him, 1906:Pleasure gardens in England 1792:H. Montgomery-Massingberd, 1346:The charitable ten thousand 1164:"Penn Common by Bev Parker" 1057:Church Memorials: Wombourne 753:English Heritage list entry 742:English Heritage list entry 731:English Heritage list entry 720:English Heritage list entry 709:English Heritage list entry 698:English Heritage list entry 446:The Charitable Ten Thousand 377:, sitting first for nearby 54:Thomas Bradney Shaw-Hellier 1937: 1831:Staffordshire Encyclopedia 1464:Boswell, David M. (1994). 1410:Boswell, David M. (1994). 1395:Boswell, David M. (1994). 1308:, 25 January 1900, Page 14 1055:Staffordshire Encyclopedia 1044:. Retrieved 15 August 2009 890:Vol. XX Staffordshire, VCH 183:, a leader in the English 567:1679 is a violin made by 399:Royal Military Exhibition 303:in Wombourne and the new 271:National Portrait Gallery 75:House, garden, and estate 1896:Gardens in Staffordshire 1022:20 February 2012 at the 617:University of Birmingham 185:Arts and Crafts Movement 1519:Illustrated London News 1426:"RIBA archive drawings" 764:J.R. Studd's review of 452:20th and 21st centuries 383:William Ewart Gladstone 197:Victoria County History 189:National Gardens Scheme 173:George Frederick Bodley 169:fourteenth century core 156:in the 1848 edition of 150:Survey of Staffordshire 69:the family has died out 1114:. J. Smith, 1817. p187 919:Galpin Society Journal 496:. They named it Villa 486:Robert Hawthorn Kitson 461: 240:Exeter College, Oxford 200:volume for south-west 136:Some of this, such as 134: 84: 1911:English music history 1729:10.1353/not.2001.0030 1042:Three Choirs web site 490:Robert Smythe Hichens 459: 282:Three Choirs Festival 181:Charles Robert Ashbee 121: 82: 38:English country house 1190:New Monthly Magazine 601:Edinburgh University 561:Hellier Stradivarius 494:Kitson's Casa Cuseni 470:were distant cousins 246:part of his estate. 146:Sir William Chambers 62:Hellier Stradivarius 1863: /  1689:on 5 September 2012 1560:10.1093/ml/82.2.312 990:Best, Terence, ed. 972:on 4 September 2011 946:on 14 February 2012 482:Wilhelm von Gloeden 355:Thomas Shaw-Hellier 295:in general and the 1867:52.5396°N 2.1704°W 1663:on 28 January 2010 1631:4 May 2014 at the 1552:2001 82(2):312-314 789:Sampson Erdeswicke 638:in the late 19th. 636:Pitt Rivers Museum 569:Antonio Stradivari 510:Guild of St George 462: 438:Winchester College 434:established church 365:. In his absence, 258:bequeathed to the 85: 56:, director of the 18:Sir Samuel Hellier 1752:on 5 October 2011 1550:Music and Letters 1531:MacCarthy, Fiona. 1491:MacCarthy, Fiona. 1478:MacCarthy, Fiona. 1450:MacCarthy, Fiona. 1368:MacCarthy, Fiona. 589:Museo del violino 525:Colonelle inglese 293:Church of England 232:Charles Lyttelton 48:, notable as the 16:(Redirected from 1928: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1872:52.5396; -2.1704 1868: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1827:Keele University 1762: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1748:. Archived from 1742: 1736: 1705: 1699: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1685:. Archived from 1679: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1659:. Archived from 1653: 1647: 1642: 1636: 1624:Stourbridge News 1616: 1610: 1605: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1585:. Archived from 1579: 1573: 1568: 1562: 1545: 1536: 1529: 1523: 1515: 1509: 1502: 1496: 1489: 1483: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1461: 1455: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1428:. Archived from 1422: 1416: 1415: 1407: 1401: 1400: 1392: 1386: 1381:Chaney, Edward. 1379: 1373: 1366: 1360: 1355: 1349: 1348:. H. Grant, 1896 1343: 1337: 1329:The Church Times 1325: 1319: 1316: 1310: 1301: 1295: 1287:21 November 1862 1284: 1278: 1273: 1267: 1258: 1252: 1242: 1236: 1227: 1221: 1212: 1206: 1201: 1195: 1186: 1180: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1166:. Archived from 1160: 1154: 1149: 1143: 1133: 1127: 1121: 1115: 1108: 1102: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1088: 1086: 1081:on 8 August 2012 1080: 1074:. Archived from 1073: 1065: 1059: 1051: 1045: 1039: 1033: 1014: 1008: 1001: 995: 988: 982: 981: 979: 977: 968:. Archived from 962: 956: 955: 953: 951: 942:. Archived from 936: 925: 915: 904: 898: 892: 887: 881: 880: 878: 876: 870: 864:. Archived from 863: 855: 849: 848: 846: 844: 835:. 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Index

Sir Samuel Hellier
Grade II* listed
English country house
Wombourne
Staffordshire
family seat
Thomas Bradney Shaw-Hellier
Royal Military School of Music
Hellier Stradivarius
the family has died out

Wom Brook
estate
manor house
listed
English Heritage
stable block
coach house
Alton Towers
pleasure garden
Handel
James Gandon
Sir William Chambers
Samuel Lewis
Elizabethan
fourteenth century core
George Frederick Bodley
Gothic revival
Charles Robert Ashbee
Arts and Crafts Movement

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