851:
528:
775:
2175:
737:"Perhaps the high point of his career was the publication of his pamphlet 'Our Struggle'. Whoever reads that pamphlet today can scarcely comprehend what it demanded in insight and courage. For it appeared at a moment when the Indonesian masses, brought to the boiling point by the Japanese occupation and civil war, sought release in racist and other hysterical outbursts. Sjahrir's pamphlet went directly against this, and many must have felt his call for chivalry, for the understanding of other ethnic groups, as a personal attack."
720:
708:
353:
2054:
735:'. Originally published in Dutch as 'Indonesische Overpeinzingen' ('Indonesian Musings'), it was soon thereafter translated into the Indonesian language as 'Perdjoeangan Kita' in 1945 and was then translated into the English language by Charles Wolf Jr. and named 'Out of Exile' published by John Day, New York, 1949. The English version contains a considerable amount of additional text.
44:
748:"...Sjahrir knows what he wants and will not be distracted by popular sentiment or circumstantiality. He is able to overturn a ministry fabricated by the Japanese and establish a new ministry of honest, fairly capable, fairly democratic and social minded men under his leadership. No small feat in revolutionary circumstances..."
699:, while he was one of the few independence leaders who was involved in the resistance movement against the Japanese occupation. Sukarno, Hatta, and Sjahrir had agreed that Sjahrir would go underground to organise the revolutionary resistance while the other 2 would continue their cooperation with the Japanese occupier.
816:"Those socialist activists, with all good intentions, suddenly and unnoticed become 'absolute' thinkers, 'absolutely' discarding freedom, 'absolutely' spitting on humanity and the rights of the individual.They envision the terminus of human development as one huge military complex of extreme order and discipline "
762:
If we determine the value of
Indonesia's freedom by its genuinely democratic quality, then in our political struggle vis-a-vis the outside world, it is for this inner content that we must strive. "The State of the Republic of Indonesia" is only a name we give to whatever content we intend and hope to
820:
Although small, his party was very influential in the early post-independence years, because of the expertise and high education levels of its leaders. However, the party performed poorly in the 1955 elections, partly because the grassroots constituency at the time was unable to fully understand the
861:
Although a revolutionary opponent of Dutch colonialism his intellectual prowess was recognised by his adversaries and he remained highly respected in the
Netherlands. After he died in 1966 the former Dutch Prime Minister Professor Schermerhorn commemorated Sjahrir in a public broadcast on national
837:
In 1962 Sjahrir was jailed on alleged conspiracy charges for which he was never put on trial. Instead of fighting back and creating more conflicts, he chose to step back from politics and accept the consequences. During his imprisonment he suffered from high blood pressure and in 1965 had a stroke,
506:
Sjahrir's father had six different wives, with
Sjahrir's mother being the fifth wife his father married. From his father's marriage, Sjahrir had 6 siblings. Two biological brothers, and four half-siblings. His two biological brothers were Soetan Sjahsam, who became an experienced businessman, and
648:
He was not intimidated for one minute by official or quasi-official declarations, by communiques or other formulae, not afraid for one second of the maneuvers directed against him, and still less concerned for his reputation. That mixture of self-confidence and realism, that courage based on the
580:
There, he joined the
Indonesian Student Theater Association (Batovis) as a director, writer and actor. His earnings from there were used to fund the 'People's University' (Cahaya), which was a university co-founded by Sjahrir, to battle illiteracy and raise funds for the performance of patriotic
782:
Although
Sjahrir was one of the most significant Indonesian politicians of his time, he did not engage in politics through a sense of vocation nor out of interest, but rather through a sense of duty to his country and compatriots and commitment to his democratic ideals. Described as an
645:
came under increasing communist influence, and Hatta and
Sjahrir were both expelled in 1931. In reaction to the intrigue by communist cells in the PI against Hatta and himself, Sjahrir stayed calm and in character. In his memoirs their Dutch associate Sol Tas recalls:
882:"He was a thinker, a founding father, a humanistic leader and a statesman. He should be a model for the young generation of Indonesians. His thoughts, his ideas and his spirit are still relevant today as we face global challenges in democracy and the economy."
442:(PKI). Although small, his party was very influential in the early post-independence years. However, Sjahrir's socialist party ultimately failed to win support and was later banned in 1960, after the party was suspected of being involved in the
1352:
752:
Due to his non-cooperative stance during the
Japanese occupation, he was one of the few Republican leaders acceptable to the Dutch government during the early independence negotiations. In 1946 Sjahrir played a crucial role in negotiating the
1377:
850:
806:(PKI). Sutan's socialist party ultimately failed to win support and was later banned in 1960. Already in the mid-1930s 1930s Sjahrir warned about the tendency of socialists to be dragged into the notions of the extreme
427:. As prime minister, he was one of the few Republican leaders acceptable to the Dutch government, due to his non-cooperative stance during the Japanese occupation. He also played a crucial role in negotiating the
667:, the newspaper of the new PNI. Within a relatively short time, he developed from a representative of Hatta into a political and intellectual leader with his standing. Both leaders were imprisoned in the
1369:
634:), in which the association helped the Congress itself to run. During his political activities as a student in the Netherlands, he became a close associate of the older independence activist
2042:
787:
intellectual
Sjahrir had education at the heart of his passion. When he was appointed prime minister in 1945, he was the youngest prime minister in the world, only being 36 years old.
2215:
1938:
626:, an Indonesian youth association instead of the need for association to assist in the development of Indonesian youth for further generations, only to change within a few years to
527:
3411:
826:
443:
638:, future vice-president of Indonesia. While he spent years in exile in the Banda Islands, he taught the local children to love their country and inspired them in many ways.
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446:
rebellion. Sjahrir himself would eventually be arrested and imprisoned without trial in 1962. In 1965, he was released to seek medical treatment and was allowed to go to
3406:
1445:
1782:
614:
where he gained an appreciation for socialist principles. He was a part of several labor unions as he worked to support himself. He was briefly the secretary of the
372:, from 1945 until 1947. Previously, he was a key Indonesian nationalist organizer in the 1930s and 1940s. Unlike some of his colleagues, he did not support the
2035:
1874:
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404:
377:
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2208:
2020:
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1367:
395:. He became involved in Socialist politics, and Indonesia's struggle for independence, becoming a close associate of the older independence activist
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161:
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1609:
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2348:
1947:
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112:
792:"I really find teaching the greatest work there is, for helping young people to shape themselves is one of the noblest tasks of society."
553:, but he was often brought by his father to his grandmother's house in Koto Gadang, which has now become abandoned. Sjahrir attended the
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746:
in
November 1945 and served until June 1947. Professor Wertheim describes Sjahrir's early accomplishments as prime minister as follows:
1540:
450:, Switzerland. There, he died on 9 April 1966. On the same day, through Presidential Decree No. 76/1966, Sjahrir was inaugurated as a
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1638:
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1260:
1187:
1149:
668:
659:
Sjahrir had not finished his law degree, when Hatta sent
Sjahrir ahead of him to the Dutch East Indies in 1931, to help set up the
1188:"Pak Wertheim - Inside Indonesia - a quarterly magazine on Indonesia and its people, culture, politics, economy and environment"
757:. Because his thoughts were ahead of his time he was often misunderstood and started to acquire internal political adversaries.
672:
558:
532:
774:
352:
43:
2564:
1517:
368:(5 March 1909 – 9 April 1966) was an Indonesian politician, and revolutionary independence leader, who served as the first
2674:
1431:
2503:
1815:
1484:
Prime Minister Sjahrir, as Statesman and Diplomat: How the Allies became friends of Indonesia and opponents of the Dutch
803:
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273:
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420:
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369:
59:
1442:
1220:("Sutan Sjahrir: True Democrat, Fighter for Humanity"), Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kompas : KITLV Press, 2010
1272:
3023:
2224:
1845:
1630:
Intellectuals and Nationalism in Indonesia: A Study of the Following Recruited by Sutan Sjahrir in Occupied Jakarta
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1326:("Sutan Sjahrir: True Democrat, Fighter for Humanity") Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kompas : KITLV Press, 2010
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1742:
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3155:
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1974:
607:
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388:
316:
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2756:
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2438:
2403:
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1984:
642:
615:
500:
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622:), an organization of Indonesian students in the Netherlands. Sjahrir was also one of the co-founders of
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2781:
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who became Sukarno's right hand man and was later on involved in Sjahrir's imprisonment. Mrazek, Rudolf
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2313:
2308:
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2009:
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2283:
1999:
907:
707:
411:, Sjahrir fought in the resistance. Towards independence on 17 August 1945, he was involved in the
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870:
and expressing the hope that he would be recognised as such by the next generations in Indonesia.
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countryside. Sjahrir completed his studies at the AMS in 1929, and continued his education to the
419:. Following the release of his 1945 pamphlet "Our Struggle" ("Perjuangan Kita"), he was appointed
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3200:
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2619:
2004:
1994:
1728:
1715:
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902:
476:
1706:(8). Translated by McVey, Ruth. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program: 135–154.
671:
by the Dutch in March 1934 and convicted for nationalist activities in November 1934, exiled to
561:(MULO), in Medan. During his time at MULO, he was first introduced to works by authors such as
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In the Netherlands there are even streets named after Sjahrir. See image of Sjahrirstraat in
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1979:
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515:, an advocate for women's education and a journalist with the first feminist newspaper of
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concepts of social democracy Sjahrir was trying to convey. It was banned by President
807:
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period of the Indonesian revolution, Sjahrir published an epoch-making pamphlet named '
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810:. Sjahrir described his fear of the trend of socialists to adopt ideas of communist
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Our struggle (by) Sutan Sjahrir. Translated with an introduction by Benedict Arnold
1761:[Short Biography of Sutan Syahrir, Indonesian Hero, and Diplomacy Expert].
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In the 21st century Sjahrir's legacy in Indonesia is being publicly rehabilitated.
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All 3 biographies (Sukarno, Hatta, Sjahrir) confirm this. See: Mrazek, Rudolf
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1387:
Newspaper article, Jakarta Post 2009 'Sutan Sjahrir, teacher of the nation.'
1248:
574:
839:
507:
Soetan Noeralamsjah, who would become a prosecutor and politician from the
447:
252:
679:
a year later, and just before the Indies fell to the Japanese in 1941, to
2679:
2644:
2463:
2448:
2413:
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680:
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562:
381:
742:
After writing his pamphlet he was appointed prime minister by President
3013:
2910:
2812:
2704:
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2483:
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1719:
822:
743:
728:
630:. This, in particular, played an important role in the Youth Congress (
570:
516:
424:
80:
17:
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and fought in the resistance against them. He was considered to be an
2807:
2689:
2478:
2109:
1989:
1823:
1811:
1348:
854:
1711:
1759:"Biografi Singkat Sutan Syahrir, Pahlawan Indonesia Ahli Diplomasi"
3084:
1508:
Java in a time of revolution: occupation and resistance, 1944–1946
849:
773:
718:
706:
550:
536:
496:
1861:
2197:
2024:
1920:
1399:
News article, Jakarta Globe 2010 'Remembering Sutan Sjahrir'
842:, Switzerland for treatment and died there in exile in 1966.
765:
In 'Perdjoeangan Kita' (Our Struggle), October 1945, Sjahrir.
499:. His mother, Siti Rabiah, came from Natal, in what is today
483:. His father, Muhammad Rasyad Maharajo Sutan, served as the
1735:
Sutan Sjahrir, socialism and the struggle for independence
549:
Although from Padang Pandjang, Sjahrir's family lived in
1535:] (in Indonesian). Yogjakarta: Lkis Pelangi Aksara.
925:
Also written in a number of other variations, including
778:
Sjahrir speaking at a PSI election rally in Bali in 1955
1052:
1050:
986:
984:
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957:
955:
953:
1730:
Sutan Sjahrir, sosialisme, dan perjuangan kemerdekaan
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1001:
999:
727:
At the height of chaos and violence during the early
444:
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia
1402:"Remembering Sutan Sjahrir | the Jakarta Globe"
1223:"Remembering Sutan Sjahrir | the Jakarta Globe"
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3006:
2975:
2934:
2893:
2867:
2831:
2800:
2739:
2723:
2552:
2231:
1324:
Sutan Sjahrir: Demokrat Sejati, Pejuang Kemanusiaan
1218:
Sutan Sjahrir: Demokrat Sejati, Pejuang Kemanusiaan
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307:
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129:
110:
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57:
34:
1505:
1430:Article Tempo 2009 'Manifest of an anti-fascist.'
695:, he had little public role, apparently sick with
649:absence of any ambition or vanity, marked the man.
1867:Transcript of a 1956 interview with Sutan Sjahrir
1207:(Publisher: Van Loghum Slaterus, Amsterdam, 1946)
973:
829:and his opposition to the president's policies.
687:Resistance leader during the Japanese occupation
387:Born to a Minangkabau family, he studied at the
1362:Historical Audio Archive: Schermerhorn, Willem
598:Nationalist Student activist in the Netherlands
1652:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program.
2209:
2036:
1932:
1144:(SEAP Cornell South East Asia program, 1994)
565:. In 1926, he continued his education at the
27:Indonesian politician and independence leader
8:
3412:People of the Indonesian National Revolution
1464:Quoted in a news article by Multa Fidrus in
1255:(SEAP Cornel South East Asia program, 1994)
693:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
511:(Parindra). He was also the half-brother of
663:(PNI). Sjahrir was heavily involved in the
655:Nationalist leader in the Dutch East Indies
467:Sutan Sjahrir was born on 5 March 1909, in
2216:
2202:
2194:
2043:
2029:
2021:
1939:
1925:
1917:
1879:
1673:A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300
675:where they arrived in March 1935, then to
42:
31:
3432:Boven-Digoel concentration camp detainees
1161:
1029:
125:14 November 1945 – 12 March 1946
3407:Socialist Party of Indonesia politicians
1650:Sjahrir: Politics and Exile in Indonesia
1633:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1512:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1335:
1313:(Publisher: Bezige Bij, Amsterdam, 1945)
990:
961:
802:(PSI) in 1948 to politically oppose the
526:
479:family, from what is today Koto Gadang,
438:(PSI) in 1948 to politically oppose the
1376:. Image of Schermerhorn & Sjahrir:
1253:Sjahrir: politics in exile in Indonesia
1142:Sjahrir: politics in exile in Indonesia
949:
918:
174:14 November 1945 – 3 July 1947
72:14 November 1945 – 3 July 1947
1080:
1056:
825:in August 1960 because it supported a
1577:Cribb, Robert; Kahin, Audrey (2004).
1527:Etek, Azizah; Mursjid; Arfan (2007).
1128:
1104:
1068:
1041:
1017:
1005:
7:
2349:Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono
893:List of prime ministers of Indonesia
876:In 2009 Indonesian Foreign Minister
610:and later becoming a law student at
1757:Prasetyo, Arif (1 September 2021).
1676:(4th ed.). London: MacMillan.
1550:Dotulong, Corinne (29 March 2010).
1286:
1173:
1116:
1092:
399:, who would later become the first
1862:Sjahrir biography, History website
1579:Historical Dictionary of Indonesia
838:losing his speech. He was sent to
391:and later became a law student at
25:
3427:Indonesian independence activists
1765:(in Indonesian). Limapagi Network
1443:'Sjahrir 'a model for the young.'
669:Cipinang Penitentiary Institution
589:, after receiving a scholarship.
2173:
2052:
1366:, (RNW, 1966). Full audio file:
715:plenary session, 1947 in Malang.
606:in 1929, enrolling first at the
557:(ELS), before continuing to the
351:
3417:Interior ministers of Indonesia
3085:Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah
1903:14 November 1945 – 3 July 1947
1789:Tempo: Special edition: Sjahrir
559:Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs
533:Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs
3422:Foreign ministers of Indonesia
2059:Foreign Ministers of Indonesia
1875:Photo gallery of Sutan Sjahrir
1533:Gadang City in Colonial Times
974:Etek, Mursjid & Arfan 2007
1:
1602:The East Indies Camp Syndrome
1311:"Indonesische overpeinzingen"
1205:"Nederland op de tweesprong."
723:Our Struggle book cover, 1945
540:
3402:Prime ministers of Indonesia
3397:National Heroes of Indonesia
2504:Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution
2225:National Heroes of Indonesia
1948:Prime Ministers of Indonesia
1598:Het Oostindisch kampsyndroom
417:Proclamation of Independence
3236:Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan
1899:Prime Minister of Indonesia
1784:Tempo Edisi Khusus: Sjahrir
1552:"Remembering Sutan Sjahrir"
1433:Retrieved 23 September 2010
1418:Retrieved 23 September 2010
1390:Retrieved 23 September 2010
1364:In Memoriam: Soetan Sjahrir
421:Prime Minister of Indonesia
401:Vice President of Indonesia
370:Prime Minister of Indonesia
162:Minister of Foreign Affairs
60:Prime Minister of Indonesia
3448:
3372:People from Padang Panjang
3316:Syech Yusuf Tajul Khalwati
3024:Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes
1486:. Jakarta: Pustaka LP3ES.
804:Indonesian Communist Party
800:Indonesian Socialist Party
567:Algemene Middelbare School
452:National Hero of Indonesia
440:Indonesian Communist Party
436:Indonesian Socialist Party
3221:I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung
2575:Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe
2384:Lambertus Nicodemus Palar
2269:Alexander Andries Maramis
2182:
2171:
2085:Alexander Andries Maramis
2065:
1955:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1882:
1529:Koto Gadang masa kolonial
1502:Anderson, Benedict R. O'G
1247:One of his opponents was
864:"noble political warrior"
661:Indonesian National Party
555:Europeesche Lagere School
475:. He came from an ethnic-
359:
264:Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery
210:
167:
118:
65:
53:
41:
3392:Leiden University alumni
3377:People from West Sumatra
3256:Martha Christina Tiahahu
3246:Mahmud Shah III of Johor
2921:Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro
2767:Donald Izacus Pandjaitan
2675:Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo
2534:Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto
2514:Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
2344:Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung
2120:Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung
1743:Sanata Dharma University
1596:Kousbroek, Rudy (2005).
235:, Sumatra's West Coast,
113:Minister of Home Affairs
3261:Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin
3070:Albertus Soegijapranata
2947:Johannes Abraham Dimara
2710:Robert Wolter Mongisidi
2279:Andi Sultan Daeng Radja
1812:Widijanto, Thomas Pudjo
1727:Yohana (18 June 2010).
1648:Mrázek, Rudolf (1994).
1482:Algadri, Hamid (1994).
1299:Encyclopædia Britannica
608:University of Amsterdam
602:Sjahrir arrived in the
413:Rengasdengklok Incident
389:University of Amsterdam
317:University of Amsterdam
3216:I Gusti Ketut Jelantik
3191:Raja Haji Fisabilillah
2823:Wahidin Soedirohoesodo
2818:Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo
2757:Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono
2650:Muhammad Mangundiprojo
2439:Rajiman Wediodiningrat
2404:Mohammad Husni Thamrin
2319:Ferdinand Lumbantobing
2244:Abdul Halim Majalengka
1816:"Menjaga Bing Sjahrir"
1693:"Souvenirs of Sjahrir"
1322:Anwar, Rosihan (2010)
1216:Anwar, Rosihan (2010)
858:
857:model of Sutan Sjahrir
796:
779:
767:
724:
716:
643:Perhimpoenan Indonesia
620:Indonesian Association
616:Perhimpoenan Indonesia
546:
501:South Tapanuli Regency
3045:Abdul Wahab Hasbullah
2926:Maria Walanda Maramis
2880:Wage Rudolf Supratman
2782:Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto
2359:Iwa Koesoemasoemantri
2309:Djoeanda Kartawidjaja
2239:Abdoel Kahar Moezakir
2140:Mochtar Kusumaatmadja
862:radio, calling him a
853:
789:
777:
759:
755:Linggadjati Agreement
722:
710:
593:Independence Struggle
530:
509:Great Indonesia Party
429:Linggadjati Agreement
384:and an intellectual.
3311:Sisingamangaraja XII
3241:Mahmud Badaruddin II
3171:Teungku Chik di Tiro
3065:As'ad Syamsul Arifin
2957:Pajonga Daeng Ngalie
2560:Abdul Haris Nasution
2524:Teuku Muhammad Hasan
2474:Sukarjo Wiryopranoto
2429:Oto Iskandar di Nata
2389:Maskoen Soemadiredja
2314:Ernest Douwes Dekker
2249:Abdurrahman Baswedan
1627:Legge, J.D. (1988).
1448:5 March 2016 at the
1372:27 July 2011 at the
827:rebellion in Sumatra
798:Sjahrir founded the
434:Sjahrir founded the
3301:Ranggong Daeng Romo
3075:Bagoes Hadikoesoemo
2792:Sutoyo Siswomiharjo
2762:Katamso Darmokusumo
2752:Karel Satsuit Tubun
2600:Halim Perdanakusuma
2374:Kasman Singodimedjo
2354:I Gusti Ketut Pudja
2324:Gatot Mangkoepradja
2284:Arie Frederik Lasut
1820:nasional.kompas.com
1581:. Scarecrow Press.
908:Sjahrir III Cabinet
405:Japanese occupation
378:Japanese occupation
3387:Minangkabau people
3382:Indonesian Muslims
3206:Tuanku Imam Bonjol
2916:Ki Hajar Dewantara
2690:Sutomo (Bung Tomo)
2620:I Gusti Ngurah Rai
2565:Abdul Rahman Saleh
1893:Office established
1883:Political offices
1468:, 3 November 2009.
903:Sjahrir II Cabinet
859:
780:
725:
717:
547:
93:Office established
3349:
3348:
3105:Nyai Ahmad Dahlan
2998:Tirto Adhi Soerjo
2665:Oerip Soemohardjo
2635:R. E. Martadinata
2329:Hamengkubuwono IX
2191:
2190:
2018:
2017:
1915:
1914:
1906:Succeeded by
1854:Sjahrir biography
1822:(in Indonesian).
1795:(in Indonesian).
1741:(in Indonesian).
1691:Tas, Sal (1969).
1683:978-0-230-54685-1
1659:978-0-87727-713-2
1611:978-90-467-0203-1
1557:The Jakarta Globe
898:Sjahrir I Cabinet
612:Leiden University
409:Dutch East Indies
393:Leiden University
363:
362:
322:Leiden University
237:Dutch East Indies
144:Wiranatakusumah V
16:(Redirected from
3439:
3331:Thaha Syaifuddin
3266:Nyi Ageng Serang
3196:Hamengkubuwono I
3141:Andi Mappanyukki
2988:Mohammad Tabrani
2700:T. B. Simatupang
2424:Opu Daeng Risaju
2369:Johannes Leimena
2294:Bagindo Azizchan
2264:Adnan Kapau Gani
2254:Achmad Soebardjo
2218:
2211:
2204:
2195:
2177:
2160:Marty Natalegawa
2125:Ruslan Abdulgani
2105:Achmad Soebardjo
2070:Achmad Soebardjo
2057:
2056:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2022:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1918:
1909:Amir Sjarifuddin
1880:
1873:
1860:
1852:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1814:(5 March 2010).
1807:
1805:
1803:
1794:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1723:
1697:
1687:
1663:
1644:
1623:
1604:]. Olympus.
1592:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1560:. Archived from
1546:
1523:
1511:
1497:
1469:
1466:The Jakarta Post
1462:
1456:
1453:The Jakarta Post
1440:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1404:. Archived from
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1360:
1354:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1309:Sjahrir, Soetan
1307:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1225:. Archived from
1214:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1190:. Archived from
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
994:
988:
977:
971:
965:
959:
934:
923:
770:Political leader
628:Pemuda Indonesia
545:
542:
487:or Chief public
463:Youth and family
355:
303:(brother-in-law)
249:
229:
227:
215:Personal details
201:
193:Achmad Soebardjo
189:
172:
152:
140:
123:
105:Amir Sjarifuddin
101:
89:
70:
46:
32:
21:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3336:Untung Surapati
3321:Tuanku Tambusai
3306:Ratu Kalinyamat
3231:La Maddukelleng
3181:Cut Nyak Meutia
3166:Bataha Santiago
3161:Sultan Babullah
3151:Prince Antasari
3146:Aria Wangsakara
3131:Ageng Tirtayasa
3109:
3028:
3002:
2971:
2967:Syarif Kasim II
2930:
2906:Herman Johannes
2889:
2863:
2827:
2796:
2777:Siswondo Parman
2740:Revolutionaries
2735:
2719:
2548:
2529:Teuku Nyak Arif
2409:Mohammad Natsir
2364:Izaak Huru Doko
2289:Arnold Mononutu
2227:
2222:
2192:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2155:Hassan Wirajuda
2061:
2051:
2049:
2019:
2014:
1951:
1945:
1911:
1902:
1894:
1891:
1872:(in Indonesian)
1871:
1858:
1851:(in Indonesian)
1850:
1842:
1837:
1828:
1826:
1810:
1801:
1799:
1792:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1763:www.limapagi.id
1756:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1726:
1712:10.2307/3350672
1695:
1690:
1684:
1666:
1660:
1647:
1641:
1626:
1612:
1595:
1589:
1576:
1567:
1565:
1564:on 5 April 2012
1549:
1543:
1526:
1520:
1500:
1494:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1463:
1459:
1450:Wayback Machine
1441:
1437:
1428:(in Indonesian)
1427:
1426:
1422:
1411:
1409:
1408:on 5 April 2012
1400:
1398:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1374:Wayback Machine
1361:
1357:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1229:on 5 April 2012
1221:
1215:
1211:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1048:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1004:
997:
989:
980:
972:
968:
960:
951:
947:
942:
937:
924:
920:
916:
889:
878:Hassan Wirajuda
848:
835:
772:
705:
689:
657:
600:
595:
543:
525:
523:Early education
465:
460:
343:
326:
292:
286:Maria Duchateau
270:Political party
251:
247:
233:Padang Pandjang
231:
225:
223:
199:
187:
173:
168:
150:
138:
124:
119:
99:
87:
71:
66:
49:
48:Sjahrir in 1950
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3445:
3443:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3341:Zainal Mustafa
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3296:Radin Inten II
3293:
3291:Raden Mattaher
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3251:Mangkunegara I
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3176:Cut Nyak Dhien
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3090:Hasyim Asy'ari
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Ahmad Hanafiah
3052:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2942:Frans Kaisiepo
2938:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2875:Ismail Marzuki
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2854:Mohammad Yamin
2851:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2772:Pierre Tendean
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2655:Muhammad Yasin
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2595:Gatot Soebroto
2592:
2587:
2585:Djamin Ginting
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Nani Wartabone
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2399:Mohammad Hatta
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:Kusumah Atmaja
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2095:Mohammad Hatta
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1895:
1892:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1869:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1841:
1840:External links
1838:
1836:
1835:
1808:
1775:
1754:
1724:
1688:
1682:
1668:Ricklefs, M.C.
1664:
1658:
1645:
1639:
1624:
1610:
1593:
1587:
1574:
1547:
1542:978-9791283298
1541:
1524:
1518:
1498:
1492:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1457:
1435:
1420:
1392:
1380:
1355:
1340:
1338:, p. 420.
1328:
1315:
1302:
1291:
1289:, p. 148.
1276:
1273:Sjahrir (1945)
1265:
1240:
1209:
1194:on 6 July 2010
1185:Wertheim, W.F.
1178:
1176:, p. 150.
1166:
1164:, p. 233.
1162:Kousbroek 2005
1154:
1133:
1121:
1119:, p. 143.
1109:
1097:
1095:, p. 135.
1085:
1073:
1061:
1046:
1034:
1030:Widijanto 2010
1022:
1010:
995:
978:
976:, p. 131.
966:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
935:
931:Soetan Sjahrir
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
905:
900:
895:
888:
885:
847:
844:
834:
831:
808:political left
794:Sutan Sjahrir.
771:
768:
704:
703:Prime minister
701:
688:
685:
656:
653:
636:Mohammad Hatta
624:Jong Indonesie
599:
596:
594:
591:
524:
521:
469:Padang Panjang
464:
461:
459:
456:
397:Mohammad Hatta
361:
360:
357:
356:
349:
345:
344:
342:
341:
338:
334:
332:
328:
327:
325:
324:
319:
313:
311:
305:
304:
298:
294:
293:
291:
290:
287:
283:
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
266:
261:
257:
256:
250:(aged 57)
244:
240:
239:
221:
217:
216:
212:
211:
208:
207:
202:
196:
195:
190:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
165:
164:
157:
156:
153:
147:
146:
141:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
116:
115:
108:
107:
102:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
63:
62:
55:
54:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3444:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:Pakubuwono VI
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3211:Iskandar Muda
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:Achmad Rifa'i
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:Siti Hartinah
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:Ruhana Kuddus
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2952:Marthen Indey
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2859:Raja Ali Haji
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:Usman Janatin
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:Slamet Rijadi
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:Keumalahayati
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2590:Djatikoesoemo
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2580:Basuki Rahmat
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2544:Zainul Arifin
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Sutan Sjahrir
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:Soerjopranoto
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:Sam Ratulangi
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
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2277:
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2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2166:
2165:Retno Marsudi
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:Mohammad Roem
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2075:Sutan Sjahrir
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1640:0-87763-034-8
1636:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1588:9780810849358
1584:
1580:
1575:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1493:979-8391-41-1
1489:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1421:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1336:Ricklefs 2008
1332:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1261:0-87727-713-3
1258:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:0-87727-713-3
1147:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1131:, p. 35.
1130:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1107:, p. 34.
1106:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1083:, p. 26.
1082:
1077:
1074:
1071:, p. 26.
1070:
1065:
1062:
1059:, p. 22.
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1008:, p. 25.
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
991:Prasetyo 2021
987:
985:
983:
979:
975:
970:
967:
963:
962:Dotulong 2010
958:
956:
954:
950:
944:
939:
932:
928:
927:Sutan Syahrir
922:
919:
913:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
886:
884:
883:
879:
874:
871:
869:
868:"high ideals"
865:
856:
852:
845:
843:
841:
832:
830:
828:
824:
818:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
795:
793:
788:
786:
776:
769:
766:
764:
758:
756:
750:
749:
745:
740:
738:
734:
730:
721:
714:
709:
702:
700:
698:
694:
686:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
654:
652:
650:
644:
639:
637:
633:
632:Sumpah Pemuda
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
597:
592:
590:
588:
584:
581:plays in the
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
544: 1920's
538:
534:
529:
522:
520:
518:
514:
510:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
462:
457:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
423:by President
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
403:. During the
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:Sutan Sjahrir
358:
354:
350:
346:
339:
336:
335:
333:
329:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
312:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
289:Siti Wahyunah
288:
285:
284:
282:
278:
275:
272:
268:
265:
262:
260:Resting place
258:
255:, Switzerland
254:
245:
241:
238:
234:
222:
218:
213:
209:
206:
203:
197:
194:
191:
185:
181:
177:
171:
166:
163:
158:
154:
148:
145:
142:
136:
132:
128:
122:
117:
114:
109:
106:
103:
97:
94:
91:
85:
82:
79:
75:
69:
64:
61:
56:
52:
45:
40:
36:Sutan Sjahrir
33:
30:
19:
3276:Pakubuwono X
3226:Kiras Bangun
3156:Sultan Agung
3060:Ahmad Sanusi
3050:Ahmad Dahlan
3040:Abdul Chalim
2983:Ilyas Yakoub
2962:Silas Papare
2901:Dewi Sartika
2885:Usmar Ismail
2839:Abdoel Moeis
2724:Independence
2605:Harun Thohir
2539:Wahid Hasyim
2508:
2339:Idham Chalid
2304:Tjilik Riwut
2074:
1959:
1897:
1888:
1827:. Retrieved
1819:
1800:. Retrieved
1788:
1783:
1767:. Retrieved
1762:
1746:. Retrieved
1734:
1729:
1703:
1699:
1672:
1649:
1629:
1601:
1597:
1578:
1566:. Retrieved
1562:the original
1555:
1532:
1528:
1507:
1483:
1475:Bibliography
1465:
1460:
1452:
1438:
1423:
1412:22 September
1410:. Retrieved
1406:the original
1395:
1383:
1363:
1358:
1343:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1305:
1294:
1268:
1252:
1243:
1233:22 September
1231:. Retrieved
1227:the original
1217:
1212:
1204:
1196:. Retrieved
1192:the original
1181:
1169:
1157:
1141:
1136:
1124:
1112:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1064:
1044:, p. 9.
1037:
1025:
1020:, p. 8.
1013:
969:
930:
926:
921:
881:
875:
872:
867:
863:
860:
836:
819:
815:
814:as follows:
797:
791:
790:
781:
761:
760:
751:
747:
741:
736:
733:Our Struggle
726:
697:tuberculosis
690:
673:Boven-Digoel
665:Daulat Rajat
664:
658:
647:
640:
631:
627:
623:
619:
601:
579:
548:
513:Rohana Kudus
505:
492:
484:
481:Agam Regency
473:West Sumatra
466:
433:
386:
365:
364:
248:(1966-04-09)
246:9 April 1966
230:5 March 1909
200:Succeeded by
169:
151:Succeeded by
120:
100:Succeeded by
92:
67:
29:
3367:1966 deaths
3362:1909 births
3121:Abdul Kadir
3100:Mas Mansoer
3095:Lafran Pane
3007:Development
2935:Integration
2849:Amir Hamzah
2813:Dr. Soetomo
2715:Yos Sudarso
2610:Hasan Basry
2494:Ario Soerjo
2444:Rasuna Said
2299:B.W. Lapian
2274:Andi Djemma
2150:Alwi Shihab
2000:Burhanuddin
1965:Sjarifuddin
1950:(1945–1959)
1829:23 November
1802:21 November
1769:21 November
1748:21 November
1568:18 November
1198:30 November
1081:Yohana 2010
1057:Yohana 2010
833:Final years
711:Sjahrir at
691:During the
604:Netherlands
587:Netherlands
477:Minangkabau
376:during the
301:Soedjatmoko
188:Preceded by
139:Preceded by
88:Preceded by
3356:Categories
3326:Teuku Umar
3201:Hasanuddin
3186:Diponegoro
3080:Fakhruddin
2844:Agus Salim
2801:Resistance
2747:Ahmad Yani
2570:Adisucipto
2519:Tan Malaka
2434:P. M. Noor
2259:Adam Malik
2145:Ali Alatas
2135:Adam Malik
2090:Agus Salim
2080:Agus Salim
1889:New office
1859:(in Dutch)
1519:0801406870
1129:Legge 1988
1105:Legge 1988
1069:Legge 1988
1042:Tempo 2009
1018:Tempo 2009
1006:Legge 1988
940:References
812:absolutism
785:omnivorous
569:(AMS), in
535:(MULO) in
489:prosecutor
458:Early life
337:Politician
331:Occupation
309:Alma mater
226:1909-03-05
205:Agus Salim
3286:Pong Tiku
3281:Pattimura
3136:Andi Depu
2894:Education
2731:Fatmawati
2685:Supriyadi
2660:Noer Alie
2640:Mas Isman
2615:Iswahyudi
2459:Samanhudi
2232:Political
2130:Subandrio
1700:Indonesia
1670:(2008) .
1249:Subandrio
945:Citations
739:Sal Tas.
575:West Java
348:Signature
297:Relatives
179:President
170:In office
155:Sudarsono
130:President
121:In office
77:President
68:In office
3114:Struggle
3033:Religion
2832:Literary
2787:Suprapto
2680:Sudirman
2645:Moestopo
2625:John Lie
2553:Military
2464:Soekarni
2449:Sahardjo
2414:Moewardi
2334:Hazairin
2185:Category
2115:Soenario
1985:Soekiman
1781:(2009).
1620:66435443
1504:(1972).
1446:Archived
1370:Archived
1287:Tas 1969
1174:Tas 1969
1117:Tas 1969
1093:Tas 1969
887:See also
763:provide.
681:Sukabumi
583:Priangan
563:Karl May
493:Landraad
415:and the
382:idealist
374:Japanese
340:activist
160:2nd
111:2nd
58:1st
3014:Suharso
2911:Kartini
2695:Syam'un
2489:Soeroso
2484:Soepomo
2469:Sukarno
2394:Masjkur
2010:Djuanda
1960:Sjahrir
1720:3350672
823:Sukarno
744:Sukarno
729:Bersiap
571:Bandung
517:Sumatra
491:at the
425:Sukarno
407:of the
280:Spouses
182:Sukarno
133:Sukarno
81:Sukarno
18:Sjahrir
2808:Alimin
2479:Supeno
2110:Wilopo
1990:Wilopo
1980:Natsir
1824:Kompas
1791:]
1737:]
1718:
1680:
1656:
1637:
1618:
1608:
1585:
1539:
1516:
1490:
1349:Leiden
1259:
1148:
929:, and
880:said:
855:Wayang
846:Legacy
840:Zürich
448:Zürich
253:Zürich
2976:Press
1975:Halim
1970:Hatta
1797:Tempo
1793:(PDF)
1787:[
1779:Tempo
1739:(PDF)
1733:[
1716:JSTOR
1696:(PDF)
1600:[
1531:[
1263:P.464
1152:P.222
914:Notes
866:with
677:Banda
551:Medan
537:Medan
497:Medan
485:Hoofd
1831:2021
1804:2021
1771:2021
1750:2021
1678:ISBN
1654:ISBN
1635:ISBN
1616:OCLC
1606:ISBN
1583:ISBN
1570:2019
1537:ISBN
1514:ISBN
1488:ISBN
1455:2009
1414:2010
1257:ISBN
1235:2010
1200:2010
1146:ISBN
713:KNIP
641:The
531:The
243:Died
220:Born
2868:Art
2005:Ali
1995:Ali
1708:doi
495:in
274:PSI
3358::
1818:.
1714:.
1702:.
1698:.
1614:.
1554:.
1279:^
1049:^
998:^
981:^
952:^
683:.
651:"
577:.
573:,
541:c.
539:,
519:.
503:.
471:,
454:.
431:.
2217:e
2210:t
2203:v
2044:e
2037:t
2030:v
1940:e
1933:t
1926:v
1833:.
1806:.
1773:.
1752:.
1722:.
1710::
1704:8
1686:.
1662:.
1643:.
1622:.
1591:.
1572:.
1545:.
1522:.
1496:.
1416:.
1351::
1237:.
1202:.
1032:.
993:.
964:.
933:.
646:"
618:(
228:)
224:(
20:)
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