173:, it is asserted that British missionaries learnt Skepi in the 1830s and that they used this language in their church services. According to this memoir, these missionaries also produced a dictionary of the language, which since has been lost, however. This is equally the case for a "word list submitted by a German veterinary surgeon."
176:
In 2013, a letter written by
Essequibo planter Wernard van Vloten emerged which contained a small fragment in Skepi Dutch. This letter, which was dated 26 September 1780, is believed to be the oldest source of the Skepi language. In 2020, 125 Skepi sentences and 250 Skepi words found in the diary of
191:
Since the language was already extinct when Ian
Robertson first investigated the Dutch creoles in Guyana in 1975, much of Skepi is known only through the memory the descendants of native speakers have of the language their forefathers spoke. The following three sample sentences appeared in a
152:
By the twentieth century, the existence of a Dutch creole language in the former
Essequibo colony was largely forgotten about, and the language only gained the interest of linguists after the Guyanese linguist Ian E. Robertson, who had already brought
157:
to the attention of the scientific community, also found people on the
Essequibo River who remembered a Dutch creole language. In contrast to Berbice Creole Dutch, however, Skepi—which name derives from
256:" and try to come one beautiful day to Uncle who lives in a warm country, and when he comes back to the country of the White people, he will bring nice things for the four children.’"
361:
583:
400:
588:
578:
563:
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166:
compiled by
Robertson were thus based on the memories of non-native speakers of the language still spoken by their parents or grandparents.
248:
en sok kum kloeke dagka van noom di sitte bi warme lantta, en als um kom weeran bi
Bikkelante, Hom sel brengk van die 4 blabba moye goeto.
162:, the first Dutch name of the Essequibo River—was not actively spoken anymore during Robertson's fieldwork. The sample sentences and a
365:
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After
Robertson published his material, some older sources emerged. In the memoir of reverend Thomas Youd, who was a missionary in
593:
179:
408:
573:
125:
68:
137:
519:
335:
154:
141:
505:
Robertson, Ian E. (1983). "The Dutch
Linguistic Legacy and the Guyana/venezuela Border Question".
133:
493:
472:
48:
60:
170:
112:
557:
544:
430:
163:
144:, also spoken in Guyana. This language has been classified as extinct since 1998.
17:
484:
Jacobs, Bart; Parkvall, Mikael (2020). "Skepi Dutch Creole: The Youd Papers".
476:
546:
Ten Years of
Mission Life in British Guiana: A Memoir of The Rev. Thomas Youd
105:
89:
497:
96:
129:
41:
463:
Bakker, Peter (2014). "Three Dutch
Creoles in Comparison".
236:"It was not you, it was that other minister (clergyman)."
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196:
355:
353:
549:. London: Society for promoting Christian knowledge.
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524:Tijdschrift voor Nederlandse Taal- en Letterkunde
507:Boletín de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe
520:"Berbice and Skepi Dutch: A Lexical Comparison"
244:
224:
209:
194:
386:
8:
431:Zeeuwse creooltalen sterven een stille dood
241:Fragment from the 1780 letter by Van Vloten
336:"Skepi Nederlands: Is dit geen moye taal?"
29:
27:Extinct Dutch Creole once spoken in Guyana
360:Van der Wal, Marijke (17 December 2013).
282:
584:Languages attested from the 18th century
399:Van Maris, Berthold (2 November 2020).
266:
486:Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
446:
318:
306:
294:
180:Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
589:Languages extinct in the 20th century
228:'Em ne ben joe, 'em ben ander domnie.
7:
334:Van den Berg, Margot (6 July 2013).
183:by Bart Jacobs and Mikael Parkvall.
579:Extinct languages of South America
362:"Brief van de maand december 2013"
177:Thomas Youd were published in the
25:
564:Dutch-based pidgins and creoles
465:Journal of Germanic Linguistics
273:Scholastic Book of Lists (2003)
569:Dutch language in the Americas
405:: 125 Skepi-zinnen herontdekt"
1:
192:Zeelandic newspaper in 1997.
543:Veness, William T. (1869).
435:Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant
126:Dutch-based creole language
610:
518:Robertson, Ian E. (1989).
407:(in Dutch). Archived from
387:Jacobs & Parkvall 2020
364:(in Dutch). Archived from
132:, spoken in the region of
477:10.1017/S1470542714000063
206:I want a slice of bread.
594:Creoles of the Americas
247:
227:
212:
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498:10.1075/jpcl.00064.jac
252:
232:
217:
202:
429:Evenhuis, M. (1997) "
221:Where shall I put it?
138:mutually intelligible
155:Berbice Creole Dutch
142:Berbice Creole Dutch
574:Languages of Guyana
449:, pp. 217–218.
198:Ek we stekkie brot.
411:on 2 November 2020
74:Skepi Dutch Creole
33:Skepi Dutch Creole
18:Skepi Dutch Creole
213:War ek sa lek em?
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16:(Redirected from
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368:on 2 March 2017
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61:Language family
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492:(2): 360–380.
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471:(3): 191–222.
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403:Moi dak fandak
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321:, p. 197.
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283:Robertson 1989
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171:British Guiana
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124:is an extinct
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83:Language codes
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437:. 1 December.
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136:. It was not
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413:. Retrieved
409:the original
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366:the original
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187:Sample texts
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164:Swadesh list
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69:Dutch Creole
447:Bakker 2014
319:Bakker 2014
307:Veness 1869
295:Veness 1869
148:Description
558:Categories
457:References
415:5 November
338:(in Dutch)
134:Essequibo
106:Glottolog
90:ISO 639-3
513:: 75–97.
113:skep1238
534:1 March
372:1 March
342:1 March
53:by 1998
49:Extinct
530:: 3–21
160:Yskepi
130:Guyana
42:Guyana
38:Region
261:Notes
140:with
122:Skepi
536:2017
417:2020
374:2017
344:2017
528:105
494:doi
473:doi
433:",
128:of
97:skw
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352:^
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297:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.