1046:"Shariputra, suppose that in a certain town in a certain country there was a very rich man. He was far along in years and his wealth was beyond measure. He had many fields, houses and menservants. His own house was big and rambling, but it had only one gate. A great many people—a hundred, two hundred, perhaps as many as five hundred—lived in the house. The halls and rooms were old and decaying, the walls crumbling, the pillars rotten at their base, and the beams and rafters crooked and aslant. At that time a fire suddenly broke out on all sides, spreading through the rooms of the house. The sons of the rich man, ten, twenty perhaps thirty, were inside the house. When the rich man saw the huge flames leaping up on every side, he was greatly alarmed and fearful and thought to himself, I can escape to safety through the flaming gate, but my sons are inside the burning house enjoying themselves and playing games, unaware, unknowing, without alarm or fear. The fire is closing in on them, suffering and pain threaten them, yet their minds have no sense of loathing or peril and they do not think of trying to escape!
1049:"Shariputra, this rich man thought to himself, I have strength in my body and arms. I can wrap them in a robe or place them on a bench and carry them out of the house. And then again he thought, this house has only one gate, and moreover it is narrow and small. My sons are very young, they have no understanding, and they love their games, being so engrossed in them that they are likely to be burned in the fire. I must explain to them why I am fearful and alarmed. The house is already in flames and I must get them out quickly and not let them be burned up in the fire! Having thought in this way, he followed his plan and called to all his sons, saying, 'You must come out at once!" But though the father was moved by pity and gave good words of instruction, the sons were absorbed in their games and unwilling to heed them. They had no alarm, no fright, and in the end no mind to leave the house. Moreover, they did not understand what the fire was, what the house was, what the danger was. They merely raced about this way and that in play and looked at their father without heeding him.
1052:"At that time the rich man had this thought: the house is already in flames from this huge fire. If I and my sons do not get out at once, we are certain to be burned. I must now invent some expedient means that will make it possible for the children to escape harm. The father understood his sons and knew what various toys and curious objects each child customarily liked and what would delight them. And so he said to them, 'The kind of playthings you like are rare and hard to find. If you do not take them when you can, you will surely regret it later. For example, things like these goat-carts, deer-carts and ox-carts. They are outside the gate now where you can play with them. So you must come out of this burning house at once. Then whatever ones you want, I will give them all to you!' "At that time, when the sons heard their father telling them about these rare playthings, because such things were just what they had wanted, each felt emboldened in heart and, pushing and shoving one another, they all came wildly dashing out of the burning house.
1072:"Shariputra, that rich man first used three types of carriages to entice his sons, but later he gave them just the large carriage adorned with jewels, the safest, most comfortable kind of all. Despite this, that rich man was not guilty of falsehood. The Tathagata does the same, and he is without falsehood. First he preaches the three vehicles to attract and guide living beings, but later he employs just the Great Vehicle to save them. Why? The Tathagata possesses measureless wisdom, power, freedom from fear, the storehouse of the Dharma. He is capable of giving to all living beings the Dharma of the Great Vehicle. But not all of them are capable of receiving it. Shariputra, for this reason you should understand that the Buddhas employ the power of expedient means. And because they do so, they make distinctions in the one Buddha vehicle and preach it as three."
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wear the robe of radiance and speak of the
Nirmanakaya Buddha. The realms of the Three Eyes depend on change. To explain it from the point of the Sutras and Treatises, the Dharmakaya is the fundamental. The Sambhogakaya and the Nirmanakaya are the functions. But as I see it, the Dharmakaya cannot expound (or comprehend) the Dharma. Thus an old master said: "The (Buddha's) bodies are set up with reference to meaning; The (Buddha's) realms are differentiated with reference to the bodies." The nature of the bodies and of the realms is clear; they are the temple of the Dharma, and so are only relative. "Yellow leaves in the empty fist to entice unweaned children." Spikes of water-chestnuts — what juice are you looking for in those dry bones? There is no Dharma outside the heart , nor anything to find inside. So what are you looking for?
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1060:"No, World-Honored One. This rich man simply made it possible for his sons to escape the peril of fire and preserve their lives. He did not commit a falsehood. Why do I say this? Because if they were able to preserve their lives, then they had already obtained a plaything of sorts. And how much more so when, through an expedient means, they are rescued from that burning house!"
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956:. Skillful means may theoretically be used by different buddhist groups to make many seemingly proscribed practices, such as violence, theft, and sexuality be employed as skillful. The use of harsh violence to one's disciples has occasionally been used as a way of opening their eyes to the nature of self and suffering; an example is the story of a
1098:, are simply expedient means to bring the hearer to the realization of emptiness. But because many people are afraid of emptiness or disdain the idea of emptiness, various upaya must be used to get the student's attention to focus on the essence of mind rather than upon the distractions of mind. Here's an example from the Record of Zen master
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and others have strongly rejected the mindfulness movement in the ways that it has become a commercialized version of the practice. Mindfulness-based interventions in schools and educational institutions have also been discussed within these contexts. Some argue that these programs must be grounded
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priest who ended a conversation with a disciple by slamming shut a door on the disciple's leg, fracturing the leg and, according to the story, causing a deep insight in the disciple. There are a number of other stories of
Buddhist saints and bodhisattvas taking part in fairly eccentric and unusual
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One asked: "What is the realm of the Three Eyes?" The master said: "I enter with you the realm of utter purity, wear the robe of purity and expound the
Dharmakaya Buddha. Or we enter the realm of non-differentiation and expound the Sambhogakaya Buddha. Or again, we enter the realm of deliverance,
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The doctrine of expedient means provided the main hermeneutical device by which
Chinese Buddhists systematically ordered the Buddha's teachings in their classificatory schemes. It enabled them to arrange the teachings in such a way that each teaching served as an expedient measure to overcome the
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into
English as 'skillful' or as 'expedient' is often difficult, because the connotations shift according to the context as (1) the teaching being something to marvel at — the fact that the Buddha can present these difficult truths in everyday language (thus, skillful), yet that (2) they are
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is that of "the empty fist". A father holds up his empty fist saying there is something inside it to get the attention of the crying children. Sometimes the fist is holding golden leaves to give the impression that something made of gold is held inside. This is a favorite image of
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particular shortcoming of the teaching that preceded it while, at the same time, pointing to the teaching that was to supersede it. In this fashion a hierarchical progression of teachings could be constructed, starting with the most elementary and leading to the most profound.
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practice to perform or view to hold; i.e., it may bring the practitioner closer to the true realization in a similar way. The exercise of skill to which it refers, the ability to adapt one's message to the audience, is of enormous importance in the
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can be viewed as having secularized the practice and hence having made it accessible to a population who would never think of trying it had it been rendered in
Buddhist terms. On the other hand, critics such as Glenn Wallis, Ron Purser,
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One consequence of this is that it is possible to endorse a form of
Buddhist practice as viable while simultaneously critiquing its premises or contrasting it unfavorably to another, higher practice. In some Mahayana texts, such as the
1209:"It is true that the term translated 'skill in means', upaya-kausalya , is post-canonical, but the exercise of skill to which it refers, the ability to adapt one's message to the audience, is of enormous importance in the Pali Canon."
1124:"It is true that the term translated 'expounding in means', upaya-kausalya, is post-canonical, but the exercise of expounding to which it refers, the ability to adapt one's message to the audience, is of enormous importance in the
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Buddhism are also often interpreted as a process of skillful means. They are understood to be means whereby practitioners use the very misconceptions and properties of mundane existence to help themselves reach enlightenment.
922:, says "'Skill in means' is the ability to bring out the spiritual potentialities of different people by statements or actions which are adjusted to their needs and adapted to their capacity for comprehension."
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The father subsequently presents each of his sons with a large bejeweled carriage drawn by a pure white ox. When the Buddha asks
Shariputra whether the father was guilty of falsehood, he answers.
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teachings of a lower order as compared to the ultimate truth, and are far removed from reflecting reality, and are a kind of 'stopgap' measure (thus, expedient).
1156:-based interventions has led to debates as to just how much these short-termed programs convey the essence of the Buddhist path. On the one hand, scholars like
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who is like "a father to all the world", and the sons representing humans who are "born into the threefold world, a burning house, rotten, and old".
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Upaya-kaushalya is a concept emphasizing that practitioners may use their own specific methods or techniques that fit the situation in order to gain
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929:. The idea is that a bodhisattva or practitioner may use any expedient methods in order to help ease the suffering of people, introduce them to the
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where a conscious, voluntary action "is driven by an incomplete reasoning" about its direction. Upaya is often used with
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changes his form to meet the needs of the student. If a monk is needed, the
Bodhisattva becomes a monk for example.
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1012:"vehicles; carts" drawn by goats, deer, and oxen, which is a Mahayanist wordplay upon classifying the Sutrayana
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Ergas, Oren (2017) Reconstructing 'education' through mindful attention. London: Palgrave
Macmillan.
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This doctrine is sometimes used to explain some of the otherwise strange or unorthodox behavior or '
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952:' (Tib.: yeshe chölwa) engaged in by some Buddhists and exemplified in the conduct of the Tibetan
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gave them various upayas rather than revealing the ultimate truth, for which they were not ready.
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teachers as it eloquently expresses in image the reason behind the necessity for upaya, that is,
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The concept of skillfulness is prominent in Mahayana Buddhism with regards to the actions of a
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Tatz, M., trans. (1994). The Skill in Means (Upayakausalya) Sutra. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
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can also mean "go to the toilet" (e.g., literal "large" and "small" conveniences are
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to rescue children from a burning building. Note that this parable describes three
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Gombrich, Richard F. (1997). ''How Buddhism Began''. Munshiram Manoharlal: p. 17
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1313:. Columbia University Press, New York. Translations from the Asian Classics.
1292:. Columbia University Press, New York. Translations from the Asian Classics.
1271:. Columbia University Press, New York. Translations from the Asian Classics.
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The Buddha explains his similes of the father representing a compassionate
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concept through illustrations such as a burning house and an empty fist.
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1523:(2 volumes). Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala Publications, Inc.
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Indo-Tibetan Buddhism: Indian Buddhists & Their Tibetan Successors
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1961:
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1463:"Literal means and hidden meanings: a new analysis of skillful means"
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84:
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The most important concept in skill in means is the use, guided by
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1984:
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957:
1213:, Richard F. Gombrich, Munshiram Manoharlal, 1997, p. 17.
897:判教 "doctrinal classification") as an "expedient means:"
1148:
Contemporary mindfulness-based interventions and upaya
136:
129:
1497:
The concept of upāya in Mahāyāna Buddhist philosophy
1366:
Thus Have I Heard: the Long Discourses of the Buddha
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4488:
4403:
4101:
4003:
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3211:
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1499:, Japanese Journal of Buddhist Studies 1 (1), 51–72
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Chinese Cultural Studies: Doctrinal Classification.
123:
97:
71:
57:
50:
1632:Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma
1022:Solitary Conqueror's Vehicle (Pratyekabuddhayana)
1544:Skillful Means: The Heart of Buddhist Compassion
1391:
1389:
1335:. Shambhala Publications, Inc. pp. 34–35.
1504:Skilful Means - A concept in Mahayana Buddhism
114:
103:
63:
1996:
1575:
961:behaviors in the practice of skillful means.
856:
88:
77:
8:
2778:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
891:classification of Buddhist schools (Chinese
941:, the Buddha describes how the Bodhisattva
2003:
1989:
1981:
1582:
1568:
1560:
1506:. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd.
1166:in the origins of the practice's ethics.
863:
849:
229:
37:For methods of diplomacy described in the
1258:(unpaginated), accessed: January 28, 2008
1002:story about using the expedient means of
3965:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
1424:"Can Mindfulness Change a Corporation?"
1202:
241:
4168:List of Buddhist architecture in China
217:notes that rendering the Chinese term
47:
30:For the Zen center in New Mexico, see
1495:Matsunaga, Daigan and Alicia (1974).
1136:does occur in the Pāli Canon, in the
182:) is an aspect of guidance along the
7:
1240:"Linguistic Advice in the Lavatory"
3955:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
314:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
309:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
25:
4636:
4626:
4625:
4183:Thai temple art and architecture
3928:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
2168:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
2034:
2021:
2011:
1648:
933:, or help them on their road to
830:
249:
4667:Buddhist philosophical concepts
2035:
4173:Japanese Buddhist architecture
3975:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
3055:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
2246:Places where the Buddha stayed
1805:Samantabhadra Meditation Sūtra
1639:Samantabhadra Meditation Sūtra
1546:. University of Hawaii Press.
1018:Hearer's Vehicle (Sravakayana)
215:Digital Dictionary of Buddhism
1:
4188:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
1378:Wallis, Glenn (3 July 2011).
964:The practices and rituals of
3945:Buddhism and the Roman world
3921:Decline of Buddhism in India
3916:History of Buddhism in India
2016: Topics in
1309:Watson, Burton, tr. (1993).
1288:Watson, Burton, tr. (1993).
1267:Watson, Burton, tr. (1993).
1081:Another common metaphor for
988:Parable of the burning house
512:Buddhist Paths to liberation
184:Buddhist paths to liberation
3143:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
2883:
1382:. Speculative Non-Buddhism.
1380:"The Elixer of Mindfulness"
980:metaphorically explain the
920:A Short History Of Buddhism
168:
137:
115:
89:
4683:
4093:The unanswerable questions
1625:Innumerable Meanings Sūtra
1364:Walshe, M. trans. (1987).
1333:The Zen Teaching of Rinzai
1331:Schloegl, Irmgard (1976).
226:Role and function of Upaya
194:meaning "skill in means".
36:
29:
4621:
4178:Buddhist temples in Korea
2741:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
2644:Three planes of existence
2251:Buddha in world religions
2030:
1943:
1780:Abundant Treasures Buddha
1646:
1602:Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sūtra
1599:
1428:Buddhist Peace Fellowship
1251:Gregory, Peter N. (1999)
145:
130:
104:
78:
64:
3960:Persecution of Buddhists
3181:Four stages of awakening
2562:Three marks of existence
2148:Physical characteristics
1470:Philosophy East and West
1026:Great Vehicle (Mahayana)
190:(कौशल्य, "cleverness"),
3323:Ten principal disciples
2206:(aunt, adoptive mother)
1542:Schroeder, John (2001)
1461:Federman, Asaf (2009),
937:. In chapter 25 of the
532:Philosophical reasoning
4033:Buddhism and democracy
3546:Tibetan Buddhist canon
3541:Chinese Buddhist canon
2773:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
2768:Early Buddhist schools
1402:"Beyond McMindfulness"
1130:
1109:
1074:
1062:
1054:
904:
299:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
4043:Eight Consciousnesses
2153:Life of Buddha in art
1900:Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī
1847:who becomes a Buddha)
1618:Threefold Lotus Sutra
1502:Pye, Michael (1978).
1422:(February 19, 2013).
1234:小便 "urination"). See
1222:In colloquial usage,
1122:
1104:
1070:
1058:
1044:
899:
567:Aids to Enlightenment
392:Dependent Origination
4520:East Asian religions
3950:Buddhism in the West
3521:Early Buddhist texts
3136:Four Right Exertions
2602:Ten spiritual realms
2095:Noble Eightfold Path
1843:(daughter of Sāgara
1230:大便 "defecation" and
537:Devotional practices
360:Noble Eightfold Path
147:Glossary of Buddhism
4643:Religion portal
4390:Temple of the Tooth
4269:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
3308:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
2801:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
2584:Two truths doctrine
2404:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2204:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1790:Majestic Voice King
1766:Never Disrespectful
1152:The recent rise of
1014:Schools of Buddhism
973:Images and examples
887:Gregory frames the
837:Buddhism portal
710:Buddhism by country
472:Sanskrit literature
4565:Western philosophy
4163:Dzong architecture
3985:Vipassana movement
3980:Buddhist modernism
3408:Emperor Wen of Sui
3176:Pratyekabuddhayāna
3109:Threefold Training
2911:Vipassana movement
2627:Hungry Ghost realm
2447:Avidyā (Ignorance)
2394:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
2143:Great Renunciation
2138:Eight Great Events
2020:
1910:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
1895:Maha-Maudgalyayana
1761:Unlimited Practice
1482:10.1353/pew.0.0050
1211:How Buddhism Began
998:contains a famous
324:Buddhist modernism
43:Upayas (diplomacy)
4651:
4650:
4289:Om mani padme hum
3995:Women in Buddhism
3911:Buddhist councils
3781:Western countries
3569:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
3330:Shaolin Monastery
2907:Samatha-vipassanā
2517:Pratītyasamutpāda
2321:Metteyya/Maitreya
2239:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2068:Four Noble Truths
1978:
1977:
1949:Nichiren Buddhism
1756:Superior Practice
1517:Snellgrove, David
1446:978-1-137-58782-4
1112:In the Pali Canon
873:
872:
355:Four Noble Truths
152:
151:
16:(Redirected from
4674:
4641:
4640:
4629:
4628:
4468:Sacred languages
4316:Maya Devi Temple
4279:Mahabodhi Temple
4083:Secular Buddhism
4048:Engaged Buddhism
2888:
2736:Tibetan Buddhism
2687:Vietnamese Thiền
2286:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
2237:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2038:
2037:
2025:
2015:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1982:
1956:Tiantai Buddhism
1795:Śākyamuni Buddha
1652:
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1410:
1409:
1400:(July 1, 2013).
1393:
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1369:
1368:. Wisdom: p. 486
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1118:Richard Gombrich
1038:to his disciple
865:
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562:Sublime abidings
253:
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32:Upaya Zen Center
21:
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4136:Ordination hall
4097:
3999:
3970:Buddhist crisis
3882:
3579:
3531:Mahayana sutras
3507:
3503:Thích Nhất Hạnh
3334:
3207:
3147:
3097:Bodhisattva vow
2782:
2648:
2588:
2547:Taṇhā (Craving)
2482:Five hindrances
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2009:
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1406:Huffington Post
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1311:The Lotus Sutra
1308:
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1290:The Lotus Sutra
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1269:The Lotus Sutra
1266:
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372:Five Aggregates
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319:Later Buddhists
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192:upaya-kaushalya
174:expedient means
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51:Translations of
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2863:Five Strengths
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2502:Mental factors
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2269:Avalokiteśvara
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1695:Ten suchnesses
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1690:Skillful Means
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1680:Eternal Buddha
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1476:(2): 125–141,
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1132:The Pāli term
1113:
1110:
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1077:The empty fist
1075:
1032:Gautama Buddha
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978:Buddhist texts
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943:Avalokitesvara
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582:Buddhist chant
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18:Skillful means
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4405:Miscellaneous
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4395:Vegetarianism
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4217:Buddha in art
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4198:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3871:United States
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3428:Padmasambhava
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3340:Major figures
3337:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3286:Western tulku
3284:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:Five precepts
3085:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:Dhamma vicaya
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2833:Buddhābhiṣeka
2831:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:Enlightenment
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2467:Dhamma theory
2465:
2463:
2462:Buddha-nature
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2301:Samantabhadra
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:Pure Practice
1749:
1747:
1746:Firm Practice
1744:
1742:
1741:Samantabhadra
1739:
1737:
1736:Medicine King
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:Six Pāramitās
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:Buddha-nature
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1552:0-8248-2442-3
1549:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:0-87773-379-1
1534:
1531:(v. 1) &
1530:
1529:0-87773-311-2
1526:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1512:0-7156-1266-2
1509:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1396:Purser, Ron;
1392:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1342:0-87773-087-3
1338:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1138:Sangiti Sutta
1135:
1134:upāya-kosalla
1129:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1116:According to
1111:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:
987:
985:
983:
979:
972:
970:
967:
962:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
903:
898:
896:
895:
890:
889:hermeneutical
885:
883:
879:
866:
861:
859:
854:
852:
847:
846:
844:
843:
838:
833:
828:
827:
826:
825:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
711:
706:
705:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
651:
646:
645:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
606:
601:
600:
593:
592:Vegetarianism
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
547:Recollections
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
517:Five precepts
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
501:
496:
495:
488:
485:
483:
482:Chinese canon
480:
478:
477:Tibetan canon
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
441:
436:
435:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
366:
363:
362:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
333:
332:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
283:
278:
277:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
257:
256:
252:
248:
247:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:
225:
223:
220:
216:
211:
209:
204:
200:
199:enlightenment
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:
175:
170:
165:
161:
157:
148:
144:
139:
128:
126:
122:
117:
112:
102:
100:
96:
91:
86:
76:
74:
70:
62:
60:
56:
49:
44:
40:
33:
27:Buddhist term
19:
4653:
4583:Bodhisattvas
4503:Christianity
4498:Baháʼí Faith
4363:Dharmachakra
4353:Prayer wheel
4343:Prayer beads
4111:Architecture
3990:969 Movement
3774:Saudi Arabia
3752:Central Asia
3745:South Africa
3567:
3550:
3483:Panchen Lama
3388:Buddhapālita
2984:Satipatthana
2979:Mindful Yoga
2892:Recollection
2806:Brahmavihara
2677:Japanese Zen
2672:Chinese Chan
2632:Animal realm
2439:Key concepts
2261:Bodhisattvas
2073:Three Jewels
1966:
1960:
1954:
1947:
1885:Mahā-Kāśyapa
1804:
1710:Bodhisattvas
1689:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1601:
1591:
1543:
1520:
1503:
1473:
1469:
1436:
1414:
1373:
1365:
1360:
1351:
1332:
1326:
1310:
1305:
1289:
1284:
1279:, pp. 56-57.
1268:
1263:
1252:
1247:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1151:
1142:Digha Nikāya
1141:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1123:
1115:
1105:
1100:Linji Yixuan
1082:
1080:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1035:
1030:
1007:
999:
993:
991:
981:
976:
963:
950:crazy wisdom
947:
924:
919:
916:Edward Conze
905:
900:
892:
886:
874:
542:Merit making
507:Three Jewels
447:Buddhavacana
377:Impermanence
365:Dharma wheel
218:
212:
202:
196:
191:
187:
177:
173:
159:
153:
39:Arthashastra
4428:Dharma talk
4257:Asalha Puja
4053:Eschatology
3856:Switzerland
3836:New Zealand
3764:Middle East
3673:Philippines
3593:Afghanistan
3398:Bodhidharma
3383:Buddhaghosa
3303:Householder
3213:Monasticism
3166:Bodhisattva
3021:Prostration
2974:Mindfulness
2902:Anapanasati
2885:Kammaṭṭhāna
2682:Korean Seon
2622:Asura realm
2617:Human realm
2557:Ten Fetters
2512:Parinirvana
2414:Uppalavanna
2379:Mahākaccana
2364:Mahākassapa
2296:Kṣitigarbha
2291:Ākāśagarbha
2188:Suddhodāna
2133:Four sights
2060:Foundations
1856:Dhṛtarāṣṭra
1704:Key figures
1665:Bodhisattva
1592:Lotus Sūtra
1236:Victor Mair
1154:mindfulness
1034:elucidates
995:Lotus Sutra
939:Lotus Sutra
927:bodhisattva
878:Lotus Sutra
777:New Zealand
632:Bodhisattva
617:Four Stages
572:Monasticism
552:Mindfulness
522:Perfections
452:Early Texts
4545:Psychology
4525:Gnosticism
4513:Comparison
4508:Influences
4490:Comparison
4373:Bhavacakra
4331:Kushinagar
4306:Pilgrimage
4252:Māgha Pūjā
4207:Bodhi Tree
4023:Buddhology
4013:Abhidharma
4005:Philosophy
3938:Menander I
3806:Costa Rica
3757:Uzbekistan
3598:Bangladesh
3552:Dhammapada
3536:Pali Canon
3498:Ajahn Chah
3478:Dalai Lama
3378:Kumārajīva
3373:Vasubandhu
3348:The Buddha
3256:Zen master
3191:Sakadagami
3171:Buddhahood
3102:Pratimokṣa
2917:Shikantaza
2873:Meditation
2848:Deity yoga
2719:Madhyamaka
2612:Deva realm
2507:Mindstream
2457:Bodhicitta
2369:Aṅgulimāla
2236:Devadatta
2212:Yaśodharā
2115:The Buddha
2105:Middle Way
1851:Vaiśravaṇa
1837:daughters)
1833:(with ten
1609:Components
1455:References
1420:Loy, David
1398:Loy, David
1319:0231081618
1298:0231081618
1277:0231081618
1176:Mindstream
1126:Pali Canon
1040:Shariputra
1024:, and the
1004:white lies
954:Mahasiddha
912:compassion
650:Traditions
587:Pilgrimage
527:Meditation
487:Post-canon
467:Pāli Canon
397:Middle Way
294:The Buddha
208:Pali Canon
4613:Festivals
4593:Buddhists
4555:Theosophy
4358:Symbolism
4348:Hama yumi
4321:Bodh Gaya
4088:Socialism
4063:Evolution
4038:Economics
3876:Venezuela
3791:Australia
3786:Argentina
3710:Sri Lanka
3705:Singapore
3623:Indonesia
3585:Countries
3526:Tripiṭaka
3488:Ajahn Mun
3363:Nagarjuna
3358:Aśvaghoṣa
3241:Anagārika
3236:Śrāmaṇerī
3231:Śrāmaṇera
3226:Bhikkhunī
3186:Sotāpanna
3075:Passaddhi
3016:Offerings
2991:Nekkhamma
2868:Iddhipada
2788:Practices
2758:Theravada
2731:Vajrayana
2724:Yogachara
2694:Pure Land
2607:Six Paths
2594:Cosmology
2374:Anuruddha
2349:Sāriputta
2339:Kaundinya
2331:Disciples
2306:Vajrapāṇi
2158:Footprint
2123:Tathāgata
1935:Yaśodharā
1920:Śāriputra
1880:Kauṇḍinya
1875:Aniruddha
1841:Nāgakanya
1800:Vairocana
1785:Akshobhya
1675:Emptiness
1163:David Loy
1066:Tathāgata
1016:into the
966:Vajrayana
797:Sri Lanka
787:Singapore
742:Indonesia
682:Vajrayāna
657:Theravāda
612:Awakening
500:Practices
457:Tripiṭaka
427:Cosmology
402:Emptiness
382:Suffering
203:expedient
188:kaushalya
4661:Category
4631:Category
4560:Violence
4530:Hinduism
4478:Sanskrit
4433:Hinayana
4418:Amitābha
4378:Swastika
4247:Uposatha
4237:Holidays
4222:Calendar
4068:Humanism
3906:Kanishka
3896:Timeline
3720:Thailand
3688:Kalmykia
3683:Buryatia
3668:Pakistan
3653:Mongolia
3648:Maldives
3643:Malaysia
3608:Cambodia
3473:Shamarpa
3468:Nichiren
3418:Xuanzang
3353:Nagasena
3271:Rinpoche
3001:Pāramitā
2843:Devotion
2763:Navayana
2751:Dzogchen
2714:Nichiren
2662:Mahayana
2654:Branches
2532:Saṅkhāra
2281:Mañjuśrī
2238:(cousin)
2230:(cousin)
2198:(mother)
2190:(father)
2178:Miracles
2128:Birthday
2045:Glossary
2018:Buddhism
1968:Cheontae
1863:Śrāvakas
1845:Nāgaraja
1731:Mañjuśrī
1726:Maitreya
1658:Concepts
1519:(1987).
1321:, p. 60.
1300:, p. 58.
1255:Source:
1232:xiaobian
1224:fangbian
1170:See also
807:Thailand
767:Mongolia
762:Malaysia
727:Cambodia
692:Navayana
672:Hinayana
667:Mahāyāna
577:Lay life
407:Morality
387:Not-self
345:Concepts
304:Councils
289:Timeline
261:Glossary
243:Buddhism
235:a series
233:Part of
219:fāngbiàn
179:pedagogy
166:: उपाय,
164:Sanskrit
156:Buddhism
99:Japanese
90:fāngbiàn
59:Sanskrit
4608:Temples
4588:Buddhas
4550:Science
4540:Judaism
4535:Jainism
4453:Lineage
4413:Abhijñā
4383:Thangka
4326:Sarnath
4311:Lumbini
4232:Funeral
4227:Cuisine
4103:Culture
4078:Reality
4028:Creator
4018:Atomism
3888:History
3861:Ukraine
3821:Germany
3740:Senegal
3730:Vietnam
3658:Myanmar
3458:Shinran
3448:Karmapa
3423:Shandao
3393:Dignāga
3318:Śrāvaka
3298:Donchee
3293:Kappiya
3251:Sayadaw
3221:Bhikkhu
3196:Anāgāmi
3153:Nirvana
3119:Samadhi
3006:Paritta
2947:Tonglen
2942:Mandala
2897:Smarana
2878:Mantras
2826:Upekkha
2796:Bhavana
2746:Shingon
2699:Tiantai
2552:Tathātā
2542:Śūnyatā
2537:Skandha
2527:Saṃsāra
2522:Rebirth
2497:Kleshas
2487:Indriya
2389:Subhūti
2274:Guanyin
2228:Ānanda
2220:Rāhula
2100:Nirvana
2040:Outline
1925:Subhūti
1835:rākṣasī
1773:Buddhas
1720:Guanyin
1186:Trikaya
1140:of the
1096:Trikaya
1092:sunyata
935:nirvana
894:pànjiào
817:Vietnam
772:Myanmar
687:Tibetan
677:Chinese
605:Nirvāṇa
422:Saṃsāra
417:Rebirth
282:History
271:Outline
125:Tibetan
73:Chinese
4603:Sutras
4598:Suttas
4463:Siddhi
4448:Koliya
4423:Brahmā
4338:Poetry
4284:Mantra
4274:Kasaya
4146:Pagoda
4126:Kyaung
4121:Vihāra
4116:Temple
4058:Ethics
3901:Ashoka
3851:Sweden
3846:Poland
3841:Norway
3831:Mexico
3816:France
3801:Canada
3796:Brazil
3735:Africa
3715:Taiwan
3678:Russia
3603:Bhutan
3563:Vinaya
3443:Naropa
3433:Saraha
3368:Asanga
3124:Prajñā
3033:Refuge
2996:Nianfo
2957:Tertön
2952:Tantra
2937:Ganana
2927:Tukdam
2853:Dhyāna
2821:Mudita
2816:Karuṇā
2709:Risshū
2704:Huayan
2637:Naraka
2577:Anattā
2572:Dukkha
2567:Anicca
2472:Dharma
2424:Channa
2359:Ānanda
2344:Assaji
2311:Skanda
2214:(wife)
2183:Family
2163:Relics
2088:Sangha
2083:Dharma
2078:Buddha
1962:Tendai
1915:Rāhula
1870:Ānanda
1831:Hārītī
1826:Brahmā
1550:
1539:(v. 2)
1535:
1527:
1510:
1490:574336
1488:
1444:
1339:
1317:
1296:
1275:
1228:dabian
1181:Prajna
931:dharma
908:wisdom
882:Buddha
802:Taiwan
782:Russia
722:Brazil
717:Bhutan
637:Buddha
557:Wisdom
340:Dharma
111:Rōmaji
85:Pinyin
41:, see
4575:Lists
4443:Kalpa
4438:Iddhi
4301:Music
4296:Mudra
4262:Vassa
4242:Vesak
4212:Budai
4158:Candi
4141:Stupa
4073:Logic
3826:Italy
3725:Tibet
3663:Nepal
3633:Korea
3628:Japan
3618:India
3613:China
3558:Sutra
3513:Texts
3463:Dōgen
3453:Hōnen
3438:Atiśa
3403:Zhiyi
3313:Achar
3281:Tulku
3276:Geshe
3261:Rōshi
3246:Ajahn
3201:Arhat
3161:Bodhi
3131:Vīrya
3048:Sacca
3043:Satya
3038:Sādhu
3026:Music
2969:Merit
2962:Terma
2922:Zazen
2858:Faith
2811:Mettā
2492:Karma
2452:Bardo
2419:Asita
2409:Khema
2399:Upāli
2384:Nanda
2222:(son)
2196:Māyā
2173:Films
2050:Index
1965:, K.
1930:Upāli
1905:Nanda
1821:Śakra
1814:Devas
1486:S2CID
1466:(PDF)
1197:Notes
1083:upaya
1036:upaya
1000:upaya
982:upaya
918:, in
812:Tibet
752:Korea
747:Japan
737:India
732:China
697:Newar
622:Arhat
412:Karma
266:Index
169:upāya
160:upaya
138:thabs
116:hōben
53:Upaya
4473:Pāḷi
4458:Māra
4368:Flag
3769:Iran
3693:Tuva
3638:Laos
3266:Lama
3114:Śīla
3082:Śīla
3070:Pīti
3060:Sati
3011:Puja
2932:Koan
2838:Dāna
2429:Yasa
2316:Tārā
1959:(J.
1802:(in
1548:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1525:ISBN
1508:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1337:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1294:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1009:yana
992:The
910:and
757:Laos
662:Pāli
213:The
65:उपाय
4195:Art
4131:Wat
2667:Zen
1478:doi
1238:'s
1088:Zen
958:Zen
154:In
131:ཐབས
4663::
4654:`
3697:ru
1622::
1484:,
1474:59
1472:,
1468:,
1426:.
1404:.
1388:^
1144:.
1128:."
1120::
1102::
1042:.
1028:.
1020:,
792:US
237:on
210:.
176:,
172:,
158:,
113::
105:方便
87::
79:方便
3699:)
3695:(
2913:)
2909:(
2004:e
1997:t
1990:v
1971:)
1808:)
1722:)
1718:(
1583:e
1576:t
1569:v
1480::
1430:.
1408:.
1345:.
1242:.
864:e
857:t
850:v
162:(
141:)
135:(
119:)
109:(
93:)
83:(
45:.
34:.
20:)
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