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425:, where it remains in operation today. Most of the old Skunk Works buildings in Burbank were demolished in the late 1990s to make room for parking lots. One main building still remains at 2777 Ontario Street in Burbank (near San Fernando Road), now used as an office building for digital film post-production and sound mixing. During the late 1990s when designing Pixar's building,
1967:
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prove to be a common practice within the Skunk Works. Many times a customer would come to the Skunk Works with a request and on a handshake the project would begin, with no contracts in place, no official submittal process. Kelly
Johnson and his Skunk Works team designed and built the XP-80 in only 143 days, seven fewer than was required.
742:", the pungent smell of the cannabis flower). Lockheed Martin claimed the company registered the domain in order to disrupt its business and that consumer confusion might result. The respondent company argued that Lockheed "used its size, resources and financial position to employ 'bullyboy' tactics against... a very small company."
204:. Kelly Johnson set them apart from the rest of the factory in a walled-off section of one building, off limits to all but those involved directly. Secretly, a number of advanced features were being incorporated into the new fighter including a significant structural revolution in which the aluminum skin of the aircraft was
691:
In mid-1939 when
Lockheed was expanding rapidly, the YP-38 project was moved a few blocks away to the newly purchased 3G Distillery, also known as Three G or GGG Distillery. Lockheed took over the building but the sour smell of bourbon mash lingered, partly because the group of buildings continued to
169:
The Air
Tactical Service Command (ATSC) of the Army Air Force met with Lockheed Aircraft Corporation to express its need for a jet fighter. A rapidly growing German jet threat gave Lockheed an opportunity to develop an airframe around the most powerful jet engine that the allied forces had access to,
725:
At the request of the comic strip copyright holders, Lockheed changed the name of the advanced development company to "Skunk Works" in the 1960s. The name "Skunk Works" and the skunk design are now registered trademarks of the
Lockheed Martin Corporation. The company also holds several registrations
239:
system to extend range for the fighter, and they completed the initial research and development without a contract. When the Army Air Forces officially asked for a range extension solution it was ready. The range modifications were performed in
Lockheed's Building 304, starting with 100 P-38F models
721:
was trying to reach the
Lockheed management for the P-80 project, the call was accidentally transferred to Culver’s desk. Culver answered the phone in his trademark fashion of the time, by picking up the phone and stating "Skonk Works, inside man Culver". "What?" replied the voice at the other end.
178:
proposal to the ATSC. Two days later the go-ahead was given to
Lockheed to start development and the Skunk Works was born, with Kelly Johnson at the helm. The formal contract for the XP-80 did not arrive at Lockheed until October 16, 1943; some four months after work had already begun. This would
231:
was brewed from skunks, old shoes, kerosene, anvils, and other strange ingredients. When the name leaked out, Lockheed ordered it changed to "Skunk Works" to avoid potential legal trouble over use of a copyrighted term. The term rapidly circulated throughout the aerospace community, and became a
211:
As a result, the XP-38 was the first 400-mph fighter in the world. The
Lightning team was temporarily moved to the 3G Distillery, a smelly former bourbon works where the first YP-38 (constructor's number 2202) was built. Moving from the distillery to a larger building, the stench from a nearby
745:
In
Australia, the trademark for use of the name "Skunkworks" is held by Perth-based television accessory manufacturer The Novita Group Pty Ltd. Lockheed Martin formally registered opposition to the application in 2006, however the Australian government's intellectual property authority,
174:. Lockheed was chosen to develop the jet because of its past interest in jet development and its previous contracts with the Air Force. One month after the ATSC and Lockheed meeting, the young engineer Clarence L. “Kelly” Johnson and other associate engineers hand delivered the initial
845:
At that time, Lockheed did not as yet have a formal engineering building, and so
Johnson and his staff improvised a development plant using unoccupied corners in hangars and an old distillery. The results of this 'skunk works' approach was the legendary P-38
722:"Skonk Works", Culver repeated. The name stuck. Culver later said at an interview conducted in 1993 that "when Kelly Johnson heard about the incident, he promptly fired me. It didn’t really matter, since he was firing me about twice a day anyways."
350:. This drone was launched from the back of a specially modified A-12, known as M-21, of which there were two built. After a fatal mid-air collision on the fourth launch, the drones were re-built as D-21Bs, and launched with a rocket booster from
126:
or "skunkworks" is now widely used in business, engineering, and technical fields to describe a group within an organization given a high degree of autonomy and unhampered by bureaucracy, with the task of working on advanced or secret projects.
680:. According to the strip, scores of locals were done in yearly by the toxic fumes of the concentrated "skonk oil", which was brewed and barreled daily by "Big Barnsmell" (known as the lonely "inside man" at the Skonk Works), by grinding dead
183:
Warren M. Bodie, journalist, historian, and Skunk Works engineer from 1977 to 1984, wrote that engineering independence, elitism and secrecy of the Skunk Works variety were demonstrated earlier when Lockheed was asked by Lieutenant
354:. Four operational missions were conducted over China, but the camera packages were never successfully recovered. Kelly Johnson headed the Skunk Works until 1975. He was succeeded by Ben Rich.
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208:, fitted and flush-riveted, a design innovation not called for in the army's specification but one that would yield less aerodynamic drag and give greater strength with lower mass.
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The Skunk Works had predicted that the U-2 would have a limited operational life over the Soviet Union. The CIA agreed. In late 1959, Skunk Works received a contract to build five
717:, referred to the facility as "Skonk Works". As the development was very secret, the employees were told to be careful even with how they answered phone calls. One day, when the
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in Building 82 at Burbank. These scaled-down demonstrators, built in only 18 months, were a revolutionary step forward in aviation technology because of their extremely small
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domain name dispute resolution service against a company selling cannabis seeds and paraphernalia, which used the word "skunkworks" in its domain name (referring to "
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posed enormous difficulties, and the first flight did not occur until 1962. (Titanium supply was largely dominated by the Soviet Union, so the CIA used several
70:
It is responsible for a number of aircraft designs, highly classified research and development programs, and exotic aircraft platforms. Known locations include
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store barrels of aging whiskey. The first YP-38 was built there before the team moved back to Lockheed's main factory a year later. In 1964, Johnson told
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672:, which was immensely popular from 1935 through the 1950s. In the comic, the “Skonk Works" was a dilapidated factory located on the remote outskirts of
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reconnaissance bombers to fill a British contract, a small group of engineers was assigned to fabricate the first prototype of what would become the
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on April 15, 1942. Some of the group of independent-minded engineers were later involved with the XP-80 project, the prototype of the
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common nickname for research and development offices. The once informal nickname is now a registered trademark of Lockheed Martin.
106:
1303:"Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service – DRS 04100 – Lockheed Martin Corporation vs. UK Skunkworks Ltd – Decision of Appeal Panel"
161:
has made contradictory statements, some agreeing with Rich, and others putting the origin earlier, in 1939. Here is the official
71:
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1021:
Anderson, John D., Jr (1998). "Research in Supersonic Flight and the Breaking of the Sound Barrier". In Pamela E. Mack (ed.).
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371:. After a series of successful test flights beginning in 1977, the Air force awarded Skunk Works the contract to build the
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with the intention of flying over the Soviet Union and photographing sites of strategic interest. The U-2 was tested at
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He calls his development plants 'skunk works'. There have been five of them – the first, an abandoned distillery.
730:. They have filed several challenges against registrants of domain names containing variations on the term under anti-
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216:, one of the engineers, began answering the intra-Lockheed "house" phone "Skonk Works, inside man Culver speaking!"
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visited a Skunkworks Building which influenced Jobs' design. In 2009, the Skunk Works was inducted into the
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plastics factory. According to Ben Rich’s memoir, an engineer jokingly showed up to work one day wearing a
258:—a problem first seriously encountered in the P-38. In 1952, she was invited to join the Skunk Works team.
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332:, a two-seater version of the A-12. This aircraft first flew in 1966 and remained in service until 1998.
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to compete with German aircraft. In July 1938, while the rest of Lockheed was busy tooling up to build
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aircraft. During September 2015 the proposed aircraft was deemed to have developed into more of a
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In 1976, the Skunk Works began production on a pair of stealth technology demonstrators for the
1703:
417:). After 1989, Lockheed reorganized its operations and relocated the Skunk Works to Site 10 at
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female engineer, began working at Lockheed in 1942 on the mathematics of compressibility in
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In November 1941, Kelsey gave the unofficial nod to Johnson and the P-38 team to engineer a
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magazine that the bourbon distillery was the first of five Lockheed skunk works locations.
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gas mask. To comment on the smell and the secrecy the project entailed, another engineer,
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The Skunk Works name was taken from the "Skonk Oil" factory in the comic strip
39:
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2003:
1990:
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382:, the Skunk Works was located in Burbank, California, on the eastern side of
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The Lockheed P-38 Lightning: The Definitive Story of Lockheed's P-38 Fighter
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1537:"Analysis: Does Skunk Works hiring binge indicate secret new programme?"
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Skunk Works Story | Aviation Revolutions, Lockheed, And Kelly Johnson
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There are conflicting observations about the birth of Skunk Works.
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The Skunk Works logo as seen on one of Lockheed Martin’s hangars.
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227:, Big Barnsmell's Skonk Works — spelled with an "o" — was where
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342:, similar in design to the Blackbird, was built to overfly the
1473:"Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works Celebrates Diamond Anniversary"
1117:"Lockheed Skunk Works' next-generation U-2 morphs into 'TR-X'"
735:
275:
122:. Derived from the Lockheed use of the term, the designation
89:
in 1943. Skunk Works engineers subsequently developed the
1512:"75 years on, Lockheed's Skunk Works is still innovating"
1524:"Opinion: Johnson's Skunk Works legacy is in safe hands"
1091:
These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame
864:
Organizing Genius: The Secrets of Creative Collaboration
705:, Johnson's engineering team was located adjacent to a
1222:
Skunk Works: A Personal Memoir of My Years at Lockheed
324:
to acquire source material.) Several years later, the
274:
In 1955, the Skunk Works received a contract from the
1383:. Hayesville, North Carolina: Widewing Publications.
478:
A modern Skunk Works project leverages an older one:
188:(later air force brigadier general) to build for the
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became interested in the design, and it ordered the
305:
during a mission on May 1, 1960, while over Russia.
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1400:
Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works: The Official History
290:desert, and the Flight Test Engineer in charge was
270:
Assembly line of the SR-71 Blackbird at Skunk Works
1421:
891:Kocivar, Ben (October 6, 1964). "Collier Trophy".
856:
854:
30:"Skunk works" redirects here. For other uses, see
861:Bennis, Warren; Biederman, Patricia Ward (1997).
2073:Buildings and structures in Palmdale, California
1475:(Press release). Lockheed Martin. June 17, 2003.
1002:"Cherokee rocket scientist leaves heavenly gift"
27:Aerospace research facility in the United States
2068:Buildings and structures in Burbank, California
312:aircraft at a cost of $ 96 million. Building a
167:
2033:Lockheed Martin-associated military facilities
2113:Science and technology in Greater Los Angeles
2048:Research and development in the United States
1563:
8:
1308:. Nominet UK. April 23, 2007. Archived from
1047:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
835:
833:
831:
688:, for some mysterious, unspecified purpose.
294:. The first overflight took place on July 4
78:(Fort Worth, Texas), and Marietta, Georgia.
2043:Research organizations in the United States
1481:"75 Years of Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works"
1685:LM Transportation & Security Solutions
1593:
1570:
1556:
1548:
1142:"Aircraft Company Remodels Old Distillery"
886:
884:
795:"Marietta, Georgia - Where Legacies Begin"
435:International Air & Space Hall of Fame
1148:. June 25, 1939. p. V-3 – via
937:
935:
897:. Vol. 28, no. 20. p. 36.
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819:
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734:policies, and have lost a case under the
728:United States Patent and Trademark Office
2078:Military facilities in the Mojave Desert
909:
907:
2088:National Medal of Technology recipients
1174:. Turner Publishing. pp. 89, 110.
995:
993:
786:
68:Lockheed Advanced Development Projects.
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843:. H. W. Wilson Co. 1969. p. 199.
760:Advanced Propulsion Physics Laboratory
81:Skunk Works' history started with the
1172:Lockheed: The People Behind the Story
375:stealth fighter on November 1, 1978.
139:Entrance plaza at the Skunk Works in
7:
1966:
1488:Aviation Week & Space Technology
1350:"Skunkworks wins naming right fight"
949:
947:
2028:Aerospace engineering organizations
1328:"Skunkworks wins trade name battle"
1535:Trimble, Stephen (June 15, 2018).
1510:Trimble, Stephen (June 15, 2018).
1246:"How the Skunk Works got its name"
1115:Drew, James (September 14, 2015).
1024:Engineering Science to Big Science
1000:Briggs, Kara (December 24, 2008).
454:Next generation optionally-manned
298:. The U-2 ceased overflights when
25:
2108:1989 establishments in California
2103:1943 establishments in California
2093:Organizations established in 1943
1089:Sprekelmeyer, Linda, ed. (2006).
684:and worn shoes into a smoldering
652:The term "Skunk Works" came from
571:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
384:Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena Airport
278:to build a spyplane known as the
212:plastic factory was so vile that
2063:United States government secrecy
1965:
1952:
1951:
1750:LM Space Applications Laboratory
1702:
1670:LM Global Training and Logistics
1155:
439:San Diego Air & Space Museum
153:sets the origin as June 1943 in
72:United States Air Force Plant 42
2098:Think tanks established in 1943
2083:Military in Greater Los Angeles
1490:. June 14, 2018. Archived from
1428:. Little, Brown & Company.
1199:. Motorbooks Intl. p. 11.
601:Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel
109:, the latter being used in the
76:United States Air Force Plant 4
2038:Military industrial facilities
1745:Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory
1680:LM Systems Integration – Owego
1675:LM Mission Systems and Sensors
1459:Wilson, Jim (September 1999).
867:. Perseus Books. p. 117.
701:During the development of the
1:
1629:LM Rotary and Mission Systems
60:Advanced Development Programs
1760:Sandia National Laboratories
1624:LM Missiles and Fire Control
1326:Guan, Lilia (May 27, 2008).
1065:Afterword: The Steve We Knew
192:a high speed, high altitude
190:United States Army Air Corps
915:"Skunk Works® Origin Story"
616:Lockheed Martin X-59 QueSST
596:Lockheed Martin Desert Hawk
557:Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor
499:Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
378:During the entirety of the
32:Skunkworks (disambiguation)
2129:
2053:American military aviation
1093:. Donning Co. Publishers.
841:Current Biography Yearbook
586:Quiet Supersonic Transport
509:Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
29:
1947:
1755:Michoud Assembly Facility
1700:
1619:LM Information Technology
1379:Bodie, Warren M. (2001).
955:"The Skunk Works® Legacy"
591:Lockheed Martin Cormorant
346:nuclear test facility in
2004:34.614734°N 118.118676°W
629:High beta fusion reactor
548:Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk
544:Lockheed XST (Have Blue)
534:Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird
464:strategic reconnaissance
405:34.200768°N 118.351826°W
74:(Palmdale, California),
1062:Catmull, Edwin (2014).
581:Lockheed Martin Polecat
493:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
460:tactical reconnaissance
419:U.S. Air Force Plant 42
113:of several countries.
2009:34.614734; -118.118676
1819:Compact Fusion Reactor
1719:United Launch Alliance
1170:Cefaratt, Gil (2002).
719:Department of the Navy
676:, in the backwoods of
649:
487:
410:34.200768; -118.351826
271:
181:
143:
44:
1724:United Space Alliance
1420:; Leo, Janos (1996).
1315:on February 26, 2009.
647:
611:Lockheed Martin SR-72
519:Lockheed X-26 Frigate
477:
462:aircraft, instead of
316:3.0+ aircraft out of
269:
138:
42:
1398:Miller, Jay (1995).
1275:– via YouTube.
1197:Lockheed Skunk Works
1195:Pace, Steve (1992).
1027:. NASA. p. 72.
770:Boeing Phantom Works
606:Lockheed Martin X-55
567:Lockheed Martin X-35
562:Lockheed Martin X-33
423:Palmdale, California
141:Palmdale, California
2058:History of aviation
2000: /
1461:"Skunk Works Magic"
1290:Beyond the Horizons
987:Bodie, 2001, p. 94.
978:Bodie, 2001, p. 72.
941:Bodie, 2001, p. 23.
825:Bodie, 2001, p. 51.
401: /
369:radar cross-section
300:Francis Gary Powers
165:Skunk Works story:
155:Burbank, California
66:), formerly called
1224:. Back Bay Books.
1220:Rich, Ben (1996).
1068:. Creativity Inc.
1010:. NMAI Newservice.
703:P-80 Shooting Star
650:
488:
322:shell corporations
292:Joseph F. Ware, Jr
272:
242:P-80 Shooting Star
229:Kickapoo Joy Juice
186:Benjamin S. Kelsey
144:
87:P-80 Shooting Star
45:
1983:
1982:
1698:
1697:
1649:Sikorsky Aircraft
1465:Popular Mechanics
1252:on March 8, 2011.
1146:Los Angeles Times
1100:978-1-57864-397-4
256:high-speed flight
107:F-35 Lightning II
16:(Redirected from
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1530:. June 15, 2018.
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1515:
1499:. Retrieved
1492:the original
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1373:Bibliography
1358:. Retrieved
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1332:. Retrieved
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495:(unofficial)
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248:Mary G. Ross
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2007: /
1995:118°07′07″W
1654:Skunk Works
1424:Skunk Works
1402:. Aerofax.
964:January 14,
775:Swamp Works
665:comic strip
640:Term origin
408: /
396:118°21′07″W
103:F-22 Raptor
48:Skunk Works
18:Skunk works
2022:Categories
1992:34°36′53″N
1824:Force Hawk
1733:Facilities
1634:LM Orincon
1588:Divisions,
1360:January 8,
846:Lightning.
781:References
715:Irv Culver
707:malodorous
669:Li’l Abner
634:Sea Shadow
431:Steve Jobs
393:34°12′03″N
284:Groom Lake
225:Li'l Abner
214:Irv Culver
119:Li'l Abner
111:air forces
1919:Sniper XR
1614:LM Canada
1418:Rich, Ben
1292:, p. 154.
1043:cite book
804:April 29,
662:hillbilly
658:satirical
482:atop the
364:Have Blue
237:drop tank
221:Al Capp's
149:Engineer
52:pseudonym
1959:Category
1864:Hellfire
1789:AeroText
1772:products
1762:(former)
1501:June 15,
924:July 24,
754:See also
678:Kentucky
674:Dogpatch
470:Aircraft
445:Projects
380:Cold War
318:titanium
163:Lockheed
151:Ben Rich
1973:Commons
1884:Milstar
1874:Longbow
1854:Javelin
1597:Current
765:Area 51
654:Al Capp
437:at the
344:Lop Nur
286:in the
206:joggled
194:fighter
131:History
1869:HIMARS
1809:C-130J
1799:ATACMS
1770:Active
1663:Former
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361:named
288:Nevada
198:Hudson
172:Goblin
105:, and
1929:THAAD
1914:SBIRS
1899:Nimiq
1879:MEADS
1849:JASSM
1794:Asroc
1784:Aegis
1779:A2100
1644:LM UK
1495:(PDF)
1484:(PDF)
1313:(PDF)
1306:(PDF)
740:Skunk
686:still
623:Other
480:LASRE
373:F-117
352:B-52s
348:China
340:drone
176:XP-80
1924:T-50
1894:MUOS
1889:MLRS
1839:F-35
1834:F-22
1829:F-16
1503:2018
1430:ISBN
1404:ISBN
1385:ISBN
1362:2022
1336:2011
1273:2024
1226:ISBN
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695:Look
569:and
555:and
546:and
429:and
337:D-21
335:The
314:Mach
310:A-12
296:1956
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1939:U-2
1909:P-3
1859:JCM
1814:C-5
736:.uk
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421:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
