Fairy - Knowledge

4074:

created Universe; but their duties and functions are not ours. They are not spirits of the dead, nor a branch of the human race, nor devils in fair shapes whose chief object is our deception and ruin... They are a quite separate creation living in another mode. They appear to us in human form (with hands, faces, voices and language similar to our own): this may be their real form and their difference reside in something other than form, or it may be (probably is) only the way in which their presence affects us. Rabbits and eagles may be aware of them quite otherwise. For lack of a better word they may be called spirits, daemons: inherent powers of the created world, deriving more directly and 'earlier' (in terrestrial history) from the creating will of God, but nonetheless created, subject to Moral Law, capable of good and evil, and possibly (in this fallen world) actually sometimes evil. They are in fact non-incarnate minds (or souls) of a stature and even nature more near to that of Man (in some cases possibly less, in many maybe greater) than any other rational creatures, known or guessed by us. They can take form at will, or they could do so: they have or had a choice. Thus a tree-fairy (or a dryad) is, or was, a minor spirit in the process of creation who aided as 'agent' in the making effective of the divine Tree-idea or some part of it, or of even of some one particular example: some tree. He is therefore now bound by use and love to Trees (or a tree), immortal while the world (and trees) last—never to escape, until the End. It is a dreadful Doom (to human minds if they are wise) in exchange for a splendid power. What fate awaits him beyond the Confines of the World, we cannot know. It is likely that the Fairy does not know himself. It is possible that nothing awaits him—outside the World and the Cycle of Story and of Time.

1698: 751: 1136:, fairies left in the place of stolen humans. In particular, folklore describes how to prevent the fairies from stealing babies and substituting changelings, and abducting older people as well. The theme of the swapped child is common in medieval literature and reflects concern over infants thought to be afflicted with unexplained diseases, disorders, or developmental disabilities. In pre-industrial Europe, a peasant family's subsistence frequently depended upon the productive labor of each member, and a person who was a permanent drain on the family's scarce resources could pose a threat to the survival of the entire family. 2137: 1226:

Scotland, fairies were often mischievous and to be feared. No one dared to set foot in the mill or kiln at night, as it was known that the fairies brought their corn to be milled after dark. So long as the locals believed this, the miller could sleep secure in the knowledge that his stores were not being robbed. John Fraser, the miller of Whitehill, claimed to have hidden and watched the fairies trying unsuccessfully to work the mill. He said he decided to come out of hiding and help them, upon which one of the fairy women gave him a

54: 1222:

or farms because they heard a complaint, or a compliment. People who saw the fairies were advised not to look closely, because they resented infringements on their privacy. The need to not offend them could lead to problems: one farmer found that fairies threshed his corn, but the threshing continued after all his corn was gone, and he concluded that they were stealing from his neighbors, leaving him the choice between offending them, dangerous in itself, and profiting by the theft.

1574: 1725:, which is set simultaneously in the woodland and in the realm of Fairyland, under the light of the Moon and in which a disturbance of nature caused by a fairy dispute creates tension underlying the plot and informing the actions of the characters. According to Maurice Hunt, Chair of the English Department at Baylor University, the blurring of the identities of fantasy and reality makes possible "that pleasing, narcotic dreaminess associated with the fairies of the play". 1368:'Did you ever see a fairy's funeral, madam?' said Blake to a lady who happened to sit next to him. 'Never, sir!' said the lady. 'I have,' said Blake, 'but not before last night.' And he went on to tell how, in his garden, he had seen 'a procession of creatures of the size and colour of green and grey grasshoppers, bearing a body laid out on a rose-leaf, which they buried with songs, and then disappeared.' They are believed to be an omen of death. 6448: 2132:

difference reside in something other than form, or it may be (probably is) only the way in which their presence affects us. Rabbits and eagles may be aware of them quite otherwise. For lack of a better word they may be called spirits, daemons: inherent powers of the created world, deriving more directly and 'earlier' (in terrestrial history) from the creating will of God, but nonetheless created.

6458: 1928: 1210: 743:. One story described a group of angels revolting, and God ordering the gates of heaven shut; those still in heaven remained angels, those in hell became demons, and those caught in between became fairies. Others wrote that some angels, not being godly enough, yet not evil enough for hell, were thrown out of heaven. This concept may explain the tradition of paying a "teind" or 954: 1349:

she sees where she is; one midwife realizes that she was not attending a great lady in a fine house but her own runaway maid-servant in a wretched cave. She escapes without making her ability known but sooner or later betrays that she can see the fairies. She is invariably blinded in that eye or in both if she used the ointment on both.

1254:", in order to frighten a farmer who pastured his herd on fairy ground, a fairy queen took on the appearance of a great horse, with the wings of an eagle, and a tail like a dragon, hissing loud and spitting fire. Then she would change into a little man lame of a leg, with a bull's head, and a lambent flame playing round it. 588:. A peri was illustrated to be fair, beautiful, and extravagant nature spirits that were supported by wings. This may have influenced migratory Germanic and Eurasian settlers into Europe, or been transmitted during early exchanges. The similarities could also be attributed to a shared Proto-Indo-European mythology. 1165:, baked goods are a traditional offering to the folk, as are cream and butter. "The prototype of food, and therefore a symbol of life, bread was one of the commonest protections against fairies. Before going out into a fairy-haunted place, it was customary to put a piece of dry bread in one's pocket." In 2064:

We indeed also maintain with regard not only to the fruits of the earth, but to every flowing stream and every breath of air that the ground brings forth those things which are said to grow up naturally — that the water springs in fountains, and refreshes the earth with running streams — that the air

1348:

tell of a mortal woman summoned to attend a fairy birth — sometimes attending a mortal, kidnapped woman's childbed. Invariably, the woman is given something for the child's eyes, usually an ointment; through mischance, or sometimes curiosity, she uses it on one or both of her own eyes. At that point,

1117:

Some scholars have cautioned against the overuse of dividing fairies into types. British folklore historian Simon Young noted that classification varies widely from researcher to researcher, and pointed out that it does not necessarily reflect old beliefs, since "those people living hundreds of years

2131:

If Fairies really exist—independently of Men—then very few of our 'Fairy-stories' have any relation to them... They are a quite separate creation living in another mode. They appear to us in human form (with hands, faces, voices and language similar to our own): this may be their real form and their

1563:

or the Good People...are said to be of middle nature between Man and Angel, as were Daemons thought to be of old; of intelligent fluidous Spirits, and light changeable bodies (lyke those called Astral) somewhat of the nature of a condensed cloud, and best seen in twilight. These bodies be so pliable

1225:

Millers were thought by the Scots to be "no canny", owing to their ability to control the forces of nature, such as fire in the kiln, water in the burn, and for being able to set machinery a-whirring. Superstitious communities sometimes believed that the miller must be in league with the fairies. In

2118:

of country for six generations, and that perhaps this was why they saw nymphs in the fountains and dryads in the woods – they were not mistaken for there was in a sense a real (not metaphorical) connection between them and the countryside. What had been earth and air and later corn, and later still

1221:

were known to be driven off by being given clothing, though some folktales recounted that they were offended by the inferior quality of the garments given, and others merely stated it, some even recounting that the brownie was delighted with the gift and left with it. Other brownies left households

1912:

has become a pop culture icon. When Peter Pan is guarding Wendy from pirates, the story says: "After a time he fell asleep, and some unsteady fairies had to climb over him on their way home from an orgy. Any of the other boys obstructing the fairy path at night they would have mischiefed, but they

1197:

are also wise to avoid. Home-owners have knocked corners from houses because the corner blocked the fairy path, and cottages have been built with the front and back doors in line, so that the owners could, in need, leave them both open and let the fairies troop through all night. Locations such as

944:

observed an equating of fairies with the untimely dead who left "unfinished lives". One tale recounted a man caught by the fairies, who found that whenever he looked steadily at a fairy, it appeared as a dead neighbor of his. This theory was among the more common traditions related, although many

835:

had likened fairies to butterflies, whose function was to provide an essential link between the energy of the sun and the plants of Earth, describing them as having no clean-cut shape ... small, hazy, and somewhat luminous clouds of colour with a brighter sparkish nucleus. "That growth of a plant

4073:

If Fairies really exist—independently of Men—then very few of our 'Fairy-stories' have any relation to them: as little, or less than our ghost-stories have to the real events that may befall human personality (or form) after death. If Fairies exist they are bound by the Moral Law as is all the

2174:

or other water-spirits, such as two from Zimbabwe, one from South Africa, three from northeastern India, and so on ...are so ingenuous, well-attested, and credible that only a brute would refuse to believe them there is a real moral imperative in not dismissing such tales as lies or

2084:

8.47) as simply "demons ...taking up their abode in springs or rivers or trees or stones and imposing upon simple people by their frauds." While such negative or skeptical ideas remained the majority positions for Christians, some exceptions can be found such as the Scottish minister

1288:" tells how Sir Orfeo's wife was kidnapped by the King of Faerie and only by trickery and an excellent harping ability was he able to win her back. "Sir Degare" narrates the tale of a woman overcome by her fairy lover, who in later versions of the story is unmasked as a mortal. " 964:

There is an outdated theory that fairy folklore evolved from folk memories of a prehistoric race: newcomers superseded a body of earlier human or humanoid peoples, and the memories of this defeated race developed into modern conceptions of fairies. Proponents find support in the

1237:

It is also believed that to know the name of a particular fairy, a person could summon it and force it to do their bidding. The name could be used as an insult towards the fairy in question, but it could also rather contradictorily be used to grant powers and gifts to the user.

1493:, comparable to the fairies or elves. They are variously said to be ancestors, the spirits of nature, or goddesses and gods. A common theme found among the Celtic nations describes a race of people who had been driven out by invading humans. In old Celtic fairy lore the 655:

powers. Diminutive fairies of various kinds have been reported through centuries, ranging from quite tiny to the size of a human. These small sizes could be magically assumed, rather than constant. Some smaller fairies could expand their figures to imitate humans. On

1890:, and was incorporated into his later works about the character. Barrie wrote: "When the first baby laughed for the first time, his laugh broke into a million pieces, and they all went skipping about. That was the beginning of fairies." Fairies are seen in 1181:

from the Unseelie Court, such that fairies use them to protect themselves from more wicked members of their race. Another ambiguous piece of folklore revolves about poultry: a cock's crow drove away fairies, but other tales recount fairies keeping poultry.

986:", while their green clothing and underground homes spoke to a need for camouflage and covert shelter from hostile humans, their magic a necessary skill for combating those with superior weaponry. In a Victorian tenet of evolution, mythic cannibalism among 1047:(aka elf-locks), stealing small items, and leading a traveler astray. More dangerous behaviors were also attributed to fairies; any form of sudden death might have stemmed from a fairy kidnapping, the evident corpse a magical replica of wood. Consumption ( 730:

elements. Folklorists have suggested that 'fairies' arose from various earlier beliefs, which lost currency with the advent of Christianity. These disparate explanations are not necessarily incompatible, as 'fairies' may be traced to multiple sources.

969:

as a charm against fairies, viewed as a cultural memory of invaders with iron weapons displacing peoples who had just stone, bone, wood, etc., at their disposal, and were easily defeated. 19th-century archaeologists uncovered underground rooms in the

1421:

were spoken of as having come from islands in the north of the world or, in other sources, from the sky. After being victorious in a series of battles with other otherworldly beings, and then being defeated by the ancestors of the current

2169:

Of course mermaids exist. Or, to be more precise, of course water spirits and magical marine beings of every kind are real and numerous and, in certain circumstances, somewhat dangerous. ...The modern reports of real encounters with

1308:'s underground mansion and returned three centuries later; although only some of his men crumbled to dust on dismounting, Herla and his men who did not dismount were trapped on horseback, this being one account of the origin of the 1160:

or a slice of fresh homemade bread. Bread is associated with the home and the hearth, as well as with industry and the taming of nature, and as such, seems to be disliked by some types of fairies. On the other hand, in much of the

2065:

is kept pure, and supports the life of those who breathe it, only in consequence of the agency and control of certain beings whom we may call invisible husbandmen and guardians; but we deny that those invisible agents are demons.

1114:(more malicious). While fairies of the Seelie Court enjoyed playing generally harmless pranks on humans, those of the Unseelie Court often brought harm to humans for entertainment. Both could be dangerous to humans if offended. 990:

was attributed to memories of more savage races, practising alongside "superior" races of more refined sensibilities. The most important modern proponent of the 'hidden people' theory was the Scottish folklorist and antiquarian

1249:

Sometimes fairies are described as assuming the guise of an animal. In Scotland, it was peculiar to the fairy women to assume the shape of deer; while witches became mice, hares, cats, gulls, or black sheep. In "The Legend of

1176:

Bells also have an ambiguous role; while they protect against fairies, the fairies riding on horseback — such as the fairy queen — often have bells on their harness. This may be a distinguishing trait between the

2049:

Most Christians have been negative or skeptical regarding creatures such as fairies or nature spirits, but a minority of Christian thinkers have advocated for the reality of fairies in positive terms. One early example is

3234: 772:, stated the term "faries" referred to illusory spirits (demonic entities) that prophesied to, consorted with, and transported the individuals they served; in medieval times, a witch or sorcerer who had a pact with a 706:', have come to a modern meaning somewhat inclusive of fairies. The Scandinavian elves also served as an influence. Folklorists and mythologists have variously depicted fairies as: the unworthy dead, the children of 642:

cast fairies as part of Ireland's cultural heritage. Carole Silver and others suggested this fascination of English antiquarians arose from a reaction to greater industrialization and loss of older folk ways.

1654:, whose connection to the realm of Faerie is implied in her name, is a woman whose magic powers stem from study. While somewhat diminished with time, fairies never completely vanished from the tradition. 859:, reverence for these deities carried on, but in a dwindling state of perceived power. Many deprecated deities of older folklore and myth were repurposed as fairies in Victorian fiction (See the works of 2159:. Hart was a 2015 Templeton Fellow at the University of Notre Dame Institute for Advanced Study and has published the most on this topic including references in multiple interviews and books, especially 904:

cast as a politic disassociation from faeries although Lewis makes it clear that he himself does not consider fairies to be demons in his chapter on the topic ("The Longaevi" or "long-livers") from

908:. In an era of intellectual and religious upheaval, some Victorian reappraisals of mythology cast deities in general as metaphors for natural events, which was later refuted by other authors (See: 926:

One belief held that fairies were spirits of the dead. This derived from many factors common in various folklore and myths: same or similar tales of both ghosts and fairies; the Irish

230:

has at times been used as an adjective, with a meaning equivalent to "enchanted" or "magical". It is also used as a name for the place these beings come from, the land of Fairy.

1296:

is harmed not by his stay in Faerie but by his return; when he dismounts, the three centuries that have passed catch up with him, reducing him to an aged man. King Herla (O.E.

2123:

to day) are really artificial beings and have no connection (save in sentiment) with any place on earth. We are synthetic men, uprooted. The strength of the hills is not ours.

1043:, or simply shunning locations "known" to be theirs, ergo avoiding offending any fairies. Less harmful pranks ascribed to fairies include: tangling the hair of sleepers into 2119:

bread, really was in them. We of course who live on a standardised international diet (you may have had Canadian flour, English meat, Scotch oatmeal, African oranges, &

1173:, in 1882, it was reported that: "if an infant is carried out after dark a piece of bread is wrapped in its bib or dress, and this protects it from any witchcraft or evil." 1019:, meaning magical entities who personify a particular force of nature, and exert powers over these forces. Folklore accounts have described fairies as "spirits of the air". 836:

which we regard as the customary and inevitable result of associating the three factors of sun, seed, and soil would never take place if the fairy builders were absent."

1241:

Before the advent of modern medicine, many physiological conditions were untreatable and when children were born with abnormalities, it was common to blame the fairies.

615:

conflated elves with the fairies of Romance culture, rendering these terms somewhat interchangeable. The modern concept of "fairy" in the narrower sense is unique to

1697: 237:

of legends about fairies is the need to ward off fairies using protective charms. Common examples of such charms include church bells, wearing clothing inside out,

1273:" reveals that the title character, though living among the fairies and having fairy powers, was, in fact, an "earthly knight" and though his life was pleasant 750: 1788:

described these tales as taking place in the land of Faerie. Additionally, not all folktales that feature fairies are generally categorized as fairy tales.

887:, once a friendly household spirit, became classed as a wicked goblin. Dealing with fairies was considered a form of witchcraft, and punished as such. In 218:

creatures with human appearance, magical powers, and a penchant for trickery. At other times it has been used to describe any magical creature, such as

1813:. This era saw an increase in the popularity of collecting fairy folklore and an increase in the creation of original works with fairy characters. In 367:

was used to represent: an illusion or enchantment; the land of the Faes; collectively the inhabitants thereof; an individual such as a fairy knight.

2624: 1397:

are a race of supernaturally-gifted people in Irish mythology. They are thought to represent the main deities of pre-Christian Ireland. Many of the

1778:

included fairies in their first edition but decided this was not authentically German and altered the language in later editions, changing each

1193:

reported hearing of a cottage more feared for its reported fairies than its reported ghost. In particular, digging in fairy hills was unwise.

6487: 6461: 3716: 2634: 2607: 2580: 418: 6492: 4207: 1863:'s series of eight books published in 1923 through 1948. Imagery of fairies in literature became prettier and smaller as time progressed. 1206:, were dangerous to chop down; one such tree was left alone in Scotland, though it prevented a road from being widened for seventy years. 1202:

were left undisturbed; even cutting brush on fairy forts was reputed to be the death of those who performed the act. Fairy trees, such as

2330: 4891: 2196: 6410: 4066: 2902: 4498: 4437: 3888: 3867: 3830: 3684: 3486: 3393: 3100: 3076: 2886: 2861: 2779: 2751: 2661: 2537: 2416: 5646: 668:. Wings, while common in Victorian and later artworks, are rare in folklore; fairies flew by means of magic, sometimes perched on 3197: 4116:

At the 1:54 mark: Believing in fairies, ...right now, that's got to be part of orthodoxy, that's got to go right into the creed.

871:

A recorded Christian belief of the 17th century cast all fairies as demons. This perspective grew more popular with the rise of

3211: 1656: 5881: 5412: 5210: 4025: 1624:

and demanded his love; like the fairy bride of ordinary folklore, she imposed a prohibition on him that in time he violated.

1262: 234: 900:, king of the faeries, states that neither he nor his court fear the church bells, which the author and Christian apologist 1027:

Much folklore of fairies involves methods of protecting oneself from their malice, by means such as cold iron, charms (see

4781: 4681: 4043: 2100:

writes about the possibility of fairies being real in "The Longaevi" (the "Long-livers" or "Long Lived Ones") in his book

1636:. These fairy characters dwindled in number as the medieval era progressed; the figures became wizards and enchantresses. 6383: 2136: 2003: 1721: 892: 4346: 2206: 2021:

created paintings of fairy-folk with a sinister and malign tone. Other Victorian artists who depicted fairies include

1639:

The oldest fairies on record in England were first described by the historian Gervase of Tilbury in the 13th century.

2114:

Tolkien once remarked to me that the feeling about home must have been quite different in the days when a family had

563: 4517: 4453: 1178: 1068: 183:

from disparate sources. Various folk theories about the origins of fairies include casting them as either demoted

5706: 5696: 5651: 5530: 5487: 2408: 2352: 1827:

holds to scorn the moralizing fairies of other Victorian works. The period also saw a revival of older themes in

1584: 1357: 1153: 449: 3474: 241:, and food. Fairies were also sometimes thought to haunt specific locations, and to lead travelers astray using 6221: 5804: 3293: 2086: 2077: 1546: 783:

circles of the 19th century, a belief in the "angelic" nature of fairies was reported. Entities referred to as

1073:

Various folklorists have proposed classification systems for fairies. Using terms popularized by W. B. Yeats,

888: 4153: 6206: 3336: 1968: 910: 5681: 4132: 3037:"'The king o fairy with his rout': Fairy Magic in the Literature of Late Medieval Britain–By Hannah Priest" 2256: 664:. In some folklore, fairies have green eyes. Some depictions of fairies show them with footwear, others as 6373: 4776: 4322: 2026: 2022: 1980: 1819: 1564:

through the sublety of Spirits that agitate them, that they can make them appear or disappear at pleasure

257: 31: 1189:

can be avoided by not following it. Certain locations, known to be haunts of fairies, are to be avoided;

5631: 4741: 4491: 4295: 4286: 4224: 3595:

De Nugis Curiallium by Walter Map, Edited by F. Tupper & M.B Ogle (Chatto & Windus, London 1924)

2517: 2376: 1984: 1886: 1203: 1003:

A theory that fairies, et al., were intelligent species, distinct from humans and angels. An alchemist,

53: 4405:

Fairy Tales, Now First Collected: To which are prefixed two dissertations: 1. On Pygmies. 2. On Fairies

4189: 2597: 1867:, complaining of "the fairies of polyanthuses and gardenias and apple blossoms" in the introduction to 440:(fay or fairy) as the meaning had shifted slightly to 'fated' from the earlier 'doomed' or 'accursed'. 3036: 1873:(1910), observed that: "These fairies try to be funny, and fail; or they try to preach, and succeed." 6080: 2767: 2051: 2010:, and in some cases, small furniture, dishes, and various other things can be seen beyond the doors. 1869: 1742: 1645: 652: 490: 215: 38: 2006:

are small doors installed into local buildings. Local children believe these are the front doors of

6145: 5422: 5079: 4571: 4531: 4383: 4379: 4364: 4220: 4171: 3329: 2301: 2161: 2156: 2102: 1716: 1573: 1550: 1382: 1186: 832: 780: 727: 608: 361:

was a woman skilled in magic, and who knew the power and virtue of words, of stones, and of herbs.

242: 192: 82: 61: 2940: 2127:

Tolkien shares more about the possible reality of fairies in a manuscript published posthumously:

1234:(store), saying that the store would remain full for a long time, no matter how much he took out. 5109: 4856: 4771: 4250: 4203: 4185: 4167: 4149: 4107: 4086: 3672: 2920: 2152: 2141: 2038: 1948: 1932: 1860: 1499:('people of the fairy mounds') are immortals living in the ancient barrows and cairns. The Irish 1218: 820: 747:

to hell; as fallen angels, although not quite devils, they could be viewed as subjects of Satan.

723: 137: 73: 5074: 5039: 1759: 1145: 932:, origin of their term for fairies, were ancient burial mounds; deemed dangerous to eat food in 817:, which were described as appearing in the form of colored flames, roughly the size of a human. 4470: 4464: 3760: 6348: 6270: 6100: 5636: 5367: 4433: 4341: 4062: 4037: 3884: 3863: 3826: 3712: 3706: 3680: 3482: 3389: 3307: 3096: 3072: 2882: 2857: 2849: 2775: 2747: 2657: 2630: 2603: 2576: 2533: 2529: 2368: 2034: 1976: 1705: 1666: 1613: 1579: 1313: 1305: 1289: 1101: 1086: 577: 556: 513: 506: 404: 157: 79: 2155:

have spoken and written about the real existence of fairies as has the Christian philosopher

6482: 6451: 6316: 6115: 5666: 5661: 5550: 5245: 5240: 5185: 5134: 5084: 5069: 4911: 4861: 4484: 3259: 2107: 2037:. Interest in fairy-themed art enjoyed a brief renaissance following the publication of the 1952: 1785: 1629: 1149: 992: 966: 856: 719: 616: 549: 238: 179:

Myths and stories about fairies do not have a single origin, but are rather a collection of

149: 141: 2906: 918:). This contentious environment of thought contributed to the modern meaning of 'fairies'. 576:

were angelic beings that were mentioned in antiquity in pre-Islamic Persia as early as the

6236: 5926: 5891: 5860: 5387: 5285: 5205: 5180: 4766: 4588: 4546: 2246: 2201: 2120: 1896: 1824: 1814: 1729: 1490: 1398: 1345: 1162: 1156:

folklore, the most popular type of fairy protection is bread, varying from stale bread to

1094: 876: 773: 692:

does not derive from a single origin; the term is a conflation of disparate elements from

660:, fairies were described as short in stature, dressed in dark grey, and sometimes seen in 612: 541: 161: 153: 6357: 6125: 5742: 5144: 4427: 1956: 4290:

A Dictionary of Fairies: Hobgoblings, Brownies, Bogies, and other Supernatural Creatures

4090: 3523: 2693: 6306: 6211: 6186: 6014: 5809: 5757: 5442: 5230: 5049: 5034: 5004: 4886: 4603: 4556: 4392: 4327: 4269: 4111: 4021: 3286: 2400: 2360: 2322: 2030: 1988: 1922: 1852: 1775: 1737: 1690:

was crowned in "the land of the fairy" and taken in his death by four fairy queens, to

1661: 1504: 1340: 1166: 975: 784: 763: 639: 529: 517: 502: 466: 277: 265: 3557: 3189: 851:

At one time it was thought that fairies were originally worshiped as deities, such as

696:

sources, influenced by literature and speculation. In folklore of Ireland, the mythic

6476: 6326: 6135: 6130: 5621: 5437: 5190: 5139: 5124: 4916: 4816: 4598: 4410: 4401: 3705:

Kirk, Robert; Lang, Andrew (28 December 2007). "1. Of the subterranean inhabitants".

2522: 2392: 2291: 2056: 2014: 1964: 1809: 1796: 1749: 1651: 1617: 1454: 1407:

refer to these beings as fairies, though in more ancient times they were regarded as

1353: 1251: 941: 915: 635: 631: 620: 553: 389:, but this spelling almost exclusively refers to one individual (the same meaning as 337: 273: 269: 173: 5954: 4811: 3219: 2924: 2707: 1774:

included many fairies, they were less common in other countries' tales; indeed, the

1292:" shows Thomas escaping with less difficulty, but he spends seven years in Elfland. 6353: 6290: 5906: 5829: 5814: 5732: 5676: 5352: 5154: 5089: 5054: 5014: 4731: 4701: 4691: 4608: 4593: 4561: 4128: 4095:

At the 2:42 mark: Remind them, and this is absolutely vital, that fairies are real.

3950: 2344: 2336: 2296: 2148: 2018: 2007: 1992: 1972: 1901: 1881: 1856: 1800: 1683: 1679: 1446: 1423: 1269:

figure, and Isabel must trick and kill him to preserve her life. The child ballad "

1258: 1048: 768: 756: 537: 525: 324: 261: 250: 169: 165: 5215: 4906: 1927: 1319:

A common feature of the fairies is the use of magic to disguise their appearance.

1081:

who do not live or associate with others of their kind. In this context, the term

580:. Peris were later described in various Persian works in great detail such as the 3627: 2570: 1682:), they were seen as displacing the Classical beings. 15th-century poet and monk 1059:

trees were considered sacred to fairies, and a charm tree to protect one's home.

342: 6378: 6039: 6034: 6019: 5969: 5896: 5407: 5392: 5382: 5310: 5270: 5220: 5094: 4979: 4939: 4821: 4806: 4721: 4676: 4583: 4360: 4318: 3860:

The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm

3308:"Protect your property and yourself – make a Parshell – World Cultures European" 2739: 2499: 2465: 2286: 2097: 1996: 1960: 1909: 1864: 1792: 1709: 1687: 1621: 1332: 1190: 1052: 958: 901: 880: 860: 703: 693: 592: 545: 472: 180: 2481: 1660:

is a 14th-century tale, but the Green Knight himself is an otherworldly being.

607:), but also became a generic term for various "enchanted" creatures during the 6110: 5737: 5641: 5601: 5402: 5347: 5315: 5295: 5265: 5250: 5225: 5149: 5064: 5044: 4994: 4949: 4944: 4876: 4836: 4826: 4716: 4639: 4634: 4624: 4566: 4551: 4536: 2424: 2241: 2211: 2115: 2041:

photographs in 1920, and a number of artists turned to painting fairy themes.

1940: 1804: 1755: 1301: 1300:), originally a guise of Woden but later Christianised as a king in a tale by 1209: 1199: 1194: 1133: 1127: 1044: 1004: 872: 624: 308: 280:

also saw fairies established as a canonical part of Celtic cultural heritage.

200: 6049: 3676: 3250:

Young, Simon (May 2013). "Against Taxonomy: The Fairy Families of Cornwall".

1051:) was sometimes blamed on fairies who forced young men and women to dance at 6390: 6255: 5794: 5747: 5691: 5671: 5575: 5555: 5535: 5525: 5427: 5104: 5059: 4999: 4974: 4954: 4846: 4796: 4629: 4449: 3289: 3263: 2432: 2384: 1944: 1905: 1891: 1877: 1625: 1309: 1285: 1266: 1157: 1085:

is usually held in a wider sense, including various similar beings, such as

1016: 979: 933: 884: 809: 792: 677: 673: 581: 444: 297: 17: 5984: 4686: 3479:

Fabulous creatures, mythical monsters, and animal power symbols: a handbook

2744:

The Discarded Image: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature

1605:

was used to describe an individual inhabitant of Faerie before the time of

1532: 1472: 2626:

Spenser's Faerie Queene: Observations on the Fairy queen of Spenser. pt. 1

2599:

Spenser's Faerie Queene: Observations on the Fairy queen of Spenser. pt. 1

1144:

In terms of protective charms, wearing clothing inside out, church bells,

6420: 6321: 6191: 6181: 6171: 6161: 6065: 6044: 6029: 6024: 5974: 5921: 5886: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5799: 5789: 5727: 5626: 5616: 5611: 5482: 5473: 5362: 5342: 5235: 5195: 5129: 5019: 5009: 4989: 4984: 4964: 4866: 4831: 4801: 4726: 4711: 4578: 4353:

Hutton, Ronald 'The Making of the Early Modern British Fairy Tradition',

3711:. Easy Reading Series. Aberfoyle, Scotland: Forgotten Books. p. 39. 3236:

British Goblins: Welsh Folk-Lore, Fairy Mythology. Legends and Traditions

2306: 2271: 2171: 1438: 1432:(fairy mounds), where they lived on in popular imagination as "fairies". 1293: 1077:

are those who appear in groups and might form settlements, as opposed to

1032: 665: 585: 256:

In addition to their folkloric origins, fairies were a common feature of

246: 196: 145: 133: 4255:

The Lamp: A Catholic Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Etc.

978:, which lent additional support. In folklore, flint arrowheads from the 953: 6415: 6343: 6338: 6280: 6265: 6216: 6166: 6095: 6090: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5959: 5911: 5762: 5686: 5606: 5580: 5560: 5497: 5492: 5478: 5305: 5280: 5114: 5029: 4959: 4901: 4896: 4791: 4786: 4761: 4751: 4736: 4706: 4541: 4396:

Fairies and Witches at the boundary of south-eastern and central Europe

2990:

Briggs (1976) "Traffic with fairies" and "Trooping fairies" pp. 409–12.

2729:

Briggs (1976), The Fairies in English Tradition and Literature, p. 249.

2191: 1828: 1606: 1500: 1408: 1270: 1170: 983: 714:, a species independent of humans, an older race of humans, and fallen 669: 521: 4476: 4471:

Audio recording of a traditional fairy story from Newfoundland, Canada

52: 6400: 6311: 6285: 6275: 6231: 6201: 6085: 6070: 5949: 5876: 5841: 5836: 5767: 5752: 5701: 5520: 5502: 5397: 5357: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5300: 5260: 5255: 5200: 5164: 5119: 5099: 4934: 4871: 4746: 4671: 4666: 2281: 2251: 2221: 1832: 1691: 1633: 1106: 1028: 971: 897: 788: 661: 657: 494: 428:), which means 'fated to die'. However, this unrelated Germanic word 333: 219: 100: 4057:

Tolkien, J. R. R. (2008). "Manuscript B". In Flieger, Verlyn (ed.).

3651: 1939:

Images of fairies have appeared as illustrations, often in books of

619:, later made diminutive in accordance with prevailing tastes of the 4465:

Audio recording of a Scandinavian folktale explaining fairy origins

3997: 501:, while at other times, the term describes only a specific type of 6405: 6395: 6260: 6248: 6243: 6226: 6176: 6140: 6120: 6105: 5989: 5979: 5916: 5901: 5824: 5779: 5774: 5722: 5656: 5570: 5565: 5545: 5540: 5417: 5377: 5372: 5290: 5275: 5159: 4969: 4851: 4841: 4756: 4696: 2276: 2261: 2226: 2216: 2135: 2080:

gives an exclusively negative assessment of these same creatures (

2017:

was particularly noted for fairy paintings. The Victorian painter

1926: 1859:'s keen interest in fairy art and by British illustrator and poet 1851:, and other creatures of the folkloric fairy tradition. Victorian 1848: 1840: 1696: 1675: 1671: 1572: 1328: 1278: 1208: 1056: 1036: 1012: 1008: 952: 937: 852: 800: 796: 749: 744: 740: 715: 711: 651:

Fairies are generally described as human in appearance and having

533: 498: 375: 223: 204: 188: 184: 76: 4336:

Elf Queens and Holy Friars: Fairy Beliefs and the Medieval Church

1518:, 'woman of the fairy mound') is sometimes described as a ghost. 1364:

records that William Blake claimed to have seen a fairy funeral:

393:). In the sense of 'land where fairies dwell', archaic spellings 6196: 6075: 5964: 5819: 5784: 5596: 5432: 3475:"Fabulous creatures, mythical monsters and animal power symbols" 2266: 2236: 2231: 1836: 1791:

The modern depiction of fairies was shaped in the literature of

1324: 1040: 987: 840: 672:

stems or the backs of birds. Modern illustrations often include

573: 423: 5459: 4652: 4480: 4421:

Strange and Secret Peoples: Fairies and Victorian Consciousness

2654:

Strange and Secret Peoples: Fairies and Victorian Consciousness

1694:, where he lies under a "fairy hill" until he is needed again. 435: 380: 368: 356: 350: 318: 312: 6333: 5024: 4881: 4459: 1844: 1807:

were inspired by folklore which featured fairies, such as the

1670:. In many works of fiction, fairies are freely mixed with the 1412: 1090: 855:

and tree spirits, and with the burgeoning predominance of the

739:

A Christian tenet held that fairies were a class of "demoted"

707: 4112:"The Armstrong Archives: Otherworlds with David Bentley Hart" 3845:

Hunt, Maurice. "Individuation in A Midsummer Night's Dream".

1947:. Some artists known for their depictions of fairies include 1435:

They are associated with several Otherworld realms including

1335:

cakes, or a variety of other comparatively worthless things.

1327:

when paid but soon thereafter revealing itself to be leaves,

1230:(double handful of meal) and told him to put it in his empty 4253:(2020). "Selkies and Nixies: The Penguin Book of Mermaids." 3386:

Meeting The Other Crowd: The Fairy Stories of Hidden Ireland

1876:

A story of the origin of fairies appears in a chapter about

1835:

books, which, while featuring many such classical beings as

1132:

A considerable amount of lore about fairies revolves around

3652:"Poets, Pipes, and Petals: Some Accounts of Fairy Funerals" 1185:

While many fairies will confuse travelers on the path, the

1110:(more beneficently inclined, but still dangerous), and the 1055:

every night, causing them to waste away from lack of rest.

4414:

Troublesome Things: A History of Fairies and Fairy Stories

3811:, Anna Franklin, Sterling Publishing Company, 2004, p. 18. 429: 64:

of common modern depiction of a fairy with butterfly wings

4237:

Clark, Stephen R.L. (1987). "How to Believe in Fairies."

407: 27:

Mythical being or legendary creature in European folklore

4367:: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature 3194:

The House of Crom Duv: The Story of the Fairy Rowan Tree

3984:

Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens as well Peter and Wendy

2770:(1988). "Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry". 940:; the dead and fairies depicted as living underground. 249:, fairies were often blamed for sickness, particularly 4338:(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016) 3750:

Briggs (1976). "Fairies in medieval romances". p. 132.

638:

saw a heightened increase of interest in fairies. The

4061:. London, UK: Douglas A. Anderson. pp. 254–255. 3821:

Shakespeare, William (1979). Harold F. Brooks (ed.).

3441:

Briggs (1976) "Infringement of fairy privacy" p. 233.

1558: 1523: 4239:

Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.

3616:, by Rosalind Kerven (2005) Antony Rowe Ltd, p. 532. 1746:. In the mid-17th century the French literary style 1277:, he feared that the fairies would pay him as their 799:, etc., many of which resided inside the Sun (Solar 718:. The folkloristic or mythological elements combine 6366: 6299: 6154: 6058: 5942: 5935: 5869: 5715: 5589: 5513: 5466: 5173: 4927: 4659: 4617: 4524: 4429:

Haunted Greece: Nymphs, Vampires and other Exotika,

4374:

The Banshee: the Irish Supernatural Death Messenger

4208:"...Of Hills, Brooks, Standing Lakes and Groves..." 3708:

The Secret Commonwealth of Elves, Fauns and Fairies

2091:

The Secret Commonwealth of Elves, Fauns and Fairies

1543:

The Secret Commonwealth of Elves, Fauns and Fairies

1352:There have been claims by people in the past, like 512:Explanations for the origins of fairies range from 96: 88: 69: 2521: 2110:within a letter to Arthur Greeves (22 June 1930): 1754:took up the oral tradition of such tales to write 1338:These illusions are also implicit in the tales of 1118:ago did not structure their experience as we do." 599:was used adjectivally, meaning "enchanted" (as in 567: 566:, fairies were adopted from and influenced by the 470: 4133:"Stanton Lecture 8: The Surprise of the Imagined" 3823:The Arden Shakespeare "A Midsummer Night's Dream" 4281:Fairies in Nineteenth-Century Literature and Art 3679:. Gerrards Cross, Colin Smythe Humanities Press 2564: 2562: 2106:. Lewis also shared this account of comments by 839:For a similar concept in Persian mythology, see 3539: 3537: 3510:The Fairies in English Tradition and Literature 2986: 2984: 2648: 2646: 2554:The Fairies in English Tradition and Literature 2327:– Sicilian fairy-like folklore and witch trials 2167: 2129: 2112: 2062: 1678:of classical tradition, while in others (e.g., 1628:'s wife was carried off by the King of Faerie. 1217:Other actions were believed to offend fairies. 3512:. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. p. 71. 2844: 2842: 2772:A Treasury of Irish Myth, Legend, and Folklore 4492: 4283:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001) 3384:Lenihan, Eddie and Green, Carolyn Eve (2004) 2856:. New York: Citadel. pp. 167, 243, 457. 2320: 1489:is the Irish term for a supernatural race in 443:Various folklore traditions refer to fairies 8: 3746: 3744: 2708:"Orkneyjar – Descriptions of the Fairy Folk" 1779: 1769: 1768:('fairy tale'). While the tales told by the 1763: 1747: 1715:Fairies appear as significant characters in 1643: 46: 4032:. Archived from the original on 2006-11-11. 3481:. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 147, 148. 3124:(London: Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co 1893) 2746:. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. 1784:("fairy") to an enchantress or wise woman. 1533: 1513: 1507: 1494: 1483: 1473: 1463: 1452: 1444: 1436: 1427: 1416: 1402: 1392: 1383: 1373: 927: 697: 327: 199:belief systems, as spirits of the dead, as 6457: 5939: 5456: 4649: 4499: 4485: 4477: 2969:Briggs (1976) "Origins of fairies" p. 320. 1913:just tweaked Peter's nose and passed on." 1620:might encounter. A fairy lady appeared to 1426:, they were said to have withdrawn to the 37:"Fay" redirects here. For other uses, see 3881:The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales 2520:(1976). "Euphemistic names for fairies". 2093:in the later seventeenth century (1893). 1817:'s 1906 book of short stories and poems, 148:of multiple European cultures (including 3545:The English and Scottish Popular Ballads 3087: 3085: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2116:fed on the produce of the same few miles 1323:is notoriously unreliable, appearing as 974:that resembled the Elfland described in 4423:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 4301:, 2nd edition (London: Routledge, 2020) 4299:The Fairies in Tradition and Literature 4091:"Saving Scholé with David Bentley Hart" 3809:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fairies 2451: 1943:, as well as in photographic media and 434:may have been influenced by Old French 4331:(New York: Peacock Press/Bantam, 1978) 4035: 3900:Tolkien, J. R. R. "On Fairy-Stories", 3656:Fairy Investigation Society Newsletter 3640:Briggs (1976) "Fairy ointment" p. 156. 3631:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 126 3450:Briggs (1976) "Fairy morality" p. 115. 3239:. J.R. Osgood and Company. p. 11. 1304:, was said, by Map, to have visited a 803:). The more Earthbound Devas included 562:According to some historians, such as 292:derives from the Early Modern English 214:has at times applied only to specific 45: 6462:List of beings referred to as fairies 4387:The Good People, New Fairylore Essays 3628:The Good People: New Fairylore Essays 3558:"The Child Ballads: 37. Thomas Rymer" 3212:"Mythology and Folklore of the Rowan" 787:were said to guide many processes of 264:, and were especially popular in the 7: 4473:(streaming and downloadable formats) 4467:(streaming and downloadable formats) 4257:Issue 2. Assumption 2020. pp. 49-50. 3883:. Princeton University Press. p. 31 3761:"The Origins and History of Fairies" 2528:. New York: Pantheon Books. p. 831:, reported that eminent theosophist 3677:The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries 3463:. Edinburgh, John McDonald. p. 187. 2854:The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries 2470:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 2331:List of fairy and sprite characters 982:were attributed to the fairies as " 754:Title page of a 1603 reprinting of 4315:(Winchester, UK: Moon Books, 2020) 3996:Gates, David (November 29, 1999). 3218:. 20 November 2003. Archived from 3091:Froud, Brian and Lee, Alan (1978) 2943:. Mythencyclopedia.com. 2007-02-19 1664:featured fairies in his 1590 book 945:informants also expressed doubts. 489:is sometimes used to describe any 416:derives, is distinct from English 25: 3200:from the original on Apr 7, 2023. 2929:. London: Hodder & Stoughton. 2905:. August 20, 2004. Archived from 2656:. Oxford University Press. p. 47 2165:. For example, Hart has written: 1831:literature, such as C.S. Lewis's 1702:The Quarrel of Oberon and Titania 1557:These Siths or Fairies they call 1362:Lives of Eminent British Painters 6456: 6447: 6446: 4347:Scottish Fairy Belief: A History 3196:. Internet Sacred Text Archive. 2212:Fairy ring § Cultural references 2060:(8.31) from about the year 248: 3967:Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens 3825:. Methuen & Co. Ltd. cxxv. 3530:. Internet Sacred Text Archive. 3522:Crofton Croker, Thomas (1825). 3423:Briggs (1976) "Brownies" p. 46. 1657:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 1356:, to have seen fairy funerals. 1104:, fairies are divided into the 417: 3524:"The Legend of Knocksheogowna" 3332:and Tatem, Moira (eds) (1989) 1263:Lady Isabel and the Elf-Knight 1152:are regarded as effective. In 829:The Theosophic View of Fairies 776:might receive these services. 1: 4376:(Dublin, Glendale Press:1986) 3986:, Oxford Press, 1999, p. 132. 3461:The Scottish Miller 1700–1900 3334:A Dictionary of Superstitions 2070: 1951:, Amy Brown, David Delamare, 1588: 1451:('the place of apples'), and 1195:Paths that the fairies travel 6488:European legendary creatures 4093:. Classical Academic Press. 3998:"Nothing Here But Kid Stuff" 3973:, Oxford Press, 1999, p. 32. 3528:Fairy Legends and Traditions 3348:Briggs (1976) "Bells" p. 20. 2004:Fairy Doors of Ann Arbor, MI 1900:, the 1911 novel version of 1855:were popularized in part by 1616:as one of the beings that a 1549:, minister of the Parish of 307:, in turn, derives from the 6493:Fairy tale stock characters 5461:Fairy-like beings worldwide 4398:FFC no 243 (Helsinki, 1989) 4313:A New Dictionary of Fairies 4225:"Why We Believe in Fairies" 4026:"Victorian Fairy Paintings" 3190:"The King of Ireland's Son" 2694:"Lives of the Necromancers" 2486:Online Etymology Dictionary 2207:Fairy Investigation Society 2045:Christian belief in fairies 1908:stories, and its character 1843:, mingles them freely with 1740:'s sylphs of the 1712 poem 1728:Shakespeare's contemporary 957:Illustration of a fairy by 207:, or as spirits of nature. 168:, often with metaphysical, 6509: 4518:Classifications of fairies 4416:(London: Allen Lane, 2000) 4190:"Therapeutic Superstition" 3913:Briggs, (1967) pp. 165–67. 3604:Lenihan (2004) pp. 109–10. 3160:Briggs1 (1976) pp. 335,36. 3095:. New York, Peacock Press 2569:Keightley, Thomas (1828). 2524:An Encyclopedia of Fairies 1920: 1530: 1470: 1380: 1125: 1069:Classifications of fairies 1066: 611:period. Literature of the 36: 29: 6437: 5455: 4648: 4515: 4389:(New York, Garland: 1991) 4154:"The Secret Commonwealth" 4042:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3614:Northumberland Folk Tales 3473:Eason, Cassandra (2008). 2926:The Coming of the Fairies 2877:Hodson, Geoffrey (2003). 2652:Silver, Carole B. (1999) 2409:The Spiderwick Chronicles 2353:The Chronicles of Prydain 1722:A Midsummer Night's Dream 1213:A resin statue of a fairy 893:A Midsummer Night's Dream 825:The Coming of the Fairies 349:In Old French romance, a 195:tradition, as deities in 140:, generally described as 51: 4059:Tolkien on Fairy-stories 3849:3.2 (Summer 1986): 1–13. 3738:Lewis (1994) pp. 129–30. 3650:Woodyard, Chris (2022). 3586:Briggs (1967) pp. 50–51. 3294:University of Pittsburgh 3122:Fians, Fairies and Picts 3026:Silver (1999) pp. 40–41. 2794:Lewis (1994) pp. 135–36. 2629:. Taylor & Francis. 2602:. Taylor & Francis. 2078:Athanasius of Alexandria 1732:features fairies in his 1443:('the Pleasant Plain'), 795:of organisms, growth of 552:, and from the pages of 4892:Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar 4350:(Edinburgh, 2001; 2007) 4292:(Bungay: Penguin, 1977) 4172:"God, Gods and Fairies" 3337:Oxford University Press 3264:10.1386/corn.21.1.223_1 3188:Colum, Padraic (1916). 2774:. Gramercy. p. 1. 2692:William Godwin (1876). 2623:Warton, Thomas (2001). 2596:Warton, Thomas (2001). 2197:Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar 2069:About a century later ( 1969:Jasmine Becket-Griffith 1459:('the Land of Youth'). 1265:", the elf-knight is a 911:The Triumph of the Moon 568: 516:to the folklore of the 471: 436: 430: 424: 408: 381: 369: 357: 351: 341: 319: 313: 253:and birth deformities. 245:. Before the advent of 6374:Christmas gift-bringer 4777:Brown Man of the Muirs 4274:Fairy Lore: A Handbook 4114:. Leaves in the Wind. 3862:. W.W. Norton. p. 858 3625:Narváez, Peter (1997) 3405:Lenihan (2004) p. 125. 2812:Yeats (1988) pp. 9–10. 2518:Briggs, Katharine Mary 2467:A Study of Fairy Tales 2464:Kready, Laura (1916). 2364:, multimedia franchise 2321: 2177: 2147:Christian theologians 2144: 2134: 2125: 2067: 2027:John Atkinson Grimshaw 2023:John Anster Fitzgerald 1936: 1780: 1770: 1764: 1748: 1736:, and from these stem 1712: 1644: 1598: 1585:Johann Heinrich Füssli 1578:Prince Arthur and the 1566: 1559: 1534: 1524: 1514: 1508: 1495: 1484: 1474: 1464: 1453: 1445: 1437: 1428: 1417: 1403: 1393: 1384: 1374: 1370: 1214: 967:tradition of cold iron 961: 928: 766:, in his dissertation 760: 698: 572:of Persian mythology. 481:Historical development 373:became Modern English 328: 258:Renaissance literature 57: 32:Fairy (disambiguation) 5236:Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling 4742:Blue men of the Minch 4618:Abodes and structures 4344:and Edward J. Cowan, 4334:Green, Richard Firth 3931:Briggs (1967) p. 209. 3922:Briggs (1967) p. 203. 3799:Briggs (1967) p. 174. 3577:Briggs (1967) p. 104. 3508:Briggs, K. M. (1967) 3414:Silver (1999) p. 152. 3375:Silver (1999) p. 155. 3178:Briggs1 (1976) p. 80. 3169:Briggs1 (1976) p. 25. 3151:Briggs (1967) p. 146. 3058:Briggs (1967) p. 141. 2978:Briggs (1976) p. 223. 2803:Briggs (1976) p. 319. 2720:Briggs (1976) p. 148. 2500:"Definition of "fey"" 2377:The Fairly OddParents 2139: 1985:Ida Rentoul Outhwaite 1930: 1887:The Little White Bird 1700: 1576: 1555: 1366: 1212: 956: 889:William Shakespeare's 847:Demoted pagan deities 753: 564:Barthélemy d'Herbelot 164:folklore), a form of 60:1888 illustration by 56: 5647:Hopkinsville Goblins 4110:(22 February 2023). 4089:(30 December 2022). 3953:The Lilac Fairy Book 3879:Tatar, Maria (2003) 3847:South Central Review 3695:Briggs (1976) p. 15. 3432:Briggs (1967) p. 34. 3366:Lewis (1994) p. 125. 3357:Briggs (1967) p. 74. 3320:Briggs (1976) p. 41. 3276:Briggs (1976) p. 25. 3233:Sikes, Wirt (1880). 3142:Silver (1999) p. 38. 3133:Lewis (1994) p. 134. 3112:Silver (1999) p. 45. 3049:Briggs (1967) p. 15. 3039:. September 8, 2011. 3017:Lewis (1994) p. 136. 3008:Silver (1999) p. 44. 2999:Lewis (1994) p. 138. 2960:Lewis (1994) p. 137. 2941:"Trees in Mythology" 2673:Briggs (1976) p. 98. 2436:, animated TV series 2380:, animated TV series 2140:American theologian 2052:Origen of Alexandria 1870:The Lilac Fairy Book 1743:The Rape of the Lock 1612:Fairies appeared in 1401:modern tales of the 1257:In the 19th-century 702:, or 'people of the 493:creature, including 317:, a derivation from 39:Fay (disambiguation) 30:For other uses, see 5368:Sprite/Water sprite 4532:Celtic sacred trees 4426:Tomkinson, John L. 4365:The Discarded Image 4308:(Capall Bann, 2002) 4306:Handbook of Fairies 4221:Stephen R. L. Clark 4206:(29 October 2010). 4152:(20 October 2009). 4030:endicott-studio.com 3940:"Lewis pp. 129–30". 3858:Zipes, Jack (2000) 3459:Gauldie, E. (1981) 3067:Yolen, Jane (2000) 2921:Doyle, Arthur Conan 2909:on August 20, 2004. 2903:"Hodson's Pictures" 2879:Kingdom of the Gods 2831:King James (1597). 2821:Briggs (1967) p. 9. 2575:. W. H. Ainsworth. 2572:The Fairy Mythology 2162:Roland in Moonlight 2157:Stephen R. L. Clark 2103:The Discarded Image 2096:In the modern era, 1820:Puck of Pook's Hill 1717:William Shakespeare 1708:(1849): fairies in 1553:, Scotland, wrote: 1551:Aberfoyle, Stirling 922:Spirits of the dead 906:The Discarded Image 823:, in his 1922 book 609:Late Middle English 62:Luis Ricardo Falero 48: 4687:Aos Sí (Aes Sídhe) 4432:(Anagnosis, 2004) 4419:Silver, Carole G. 4372:Lysaght, Patricia 4355:Historical Journal 4342:Henderson, Lizanne 4251:David Bentley Hart 4204:David Bentley Hart 4186:David Bentley Hart 4168:David Bentley Hart 4150:David Bentley Hart 4108:David Bentley Hart 4087:David Bentley Hart 3902:The Tolkien Reader 3673:Evans Wentz, W. Y. 3560:. Sacred-texts.com 2850:Evans-Wentz, W. Y. 2682:Yeats (1988) p. 2. 2153:David Bentley Hart 2145: 2142:David Bentley Hart 2082:On the Incarnation 2039:Cottingley Fairies 1949:Cicely Mary Barker 1937: 1933:Cottingley Fairies 1861:Cicely Mary Barker 1799:. Writers such as 1762:invented the term 1713: 1599: 1344:. Many tales from 1215: 962: 821:Arthur Conan Doyle 761: 422:(from Old English 401:are still in use. 138:legendary creature 74:Legendary creature 58: 6470: 6469: 6433: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6101:Headless Horseman 5637:Fearsome critters 5451: 5450: 4296:Briggs, Katharine 4287:Briggs, Katharine 4276:(Greenwood, 2006) 4188:(November 2012). 3718:978-1-60506-185-6 2636:978-0-415-21958-7 2609:978-0-415-21958-7 2582:978-0-384-29010-5 2369:The Dresden Files 2035:Joseph Noel Paton 1977:Florence Harrison 1706:Joseph Noel Paton 1667:The Faerie Queene 1646:Le Morte d'Arthur 1642:In the 1485 book 1632:is aided by King 1614:medieval romances 1596:The Faerie Queene 1314:European folklore 1290:Thomas the Rhymer 1281:(tithe) to hell. 1150:four-leaf clovers 1140:Protective charms 1102:Scottish folklore 1095:Germanic folklore 1079:solitary fairies, 1039:trees or various 879:of England (See: 867:Fairies as demons 578:Achaemenid Empire 557:medieval romances 514:Persian mythology 243:will-o'-the-wisps 106: 105: 16:(Redirected from 6500: 6460: 6459: 6450: 6449: 6443: 6146:Tuatha Dé Danann 6116:Jimmy Squarefoot 5940: 5662:Little green men 5457: 5423:Will-o'-the-wisp 5186:Margot the fairy 5135:Lady of the Lake 5085:Jenny Greenteeth 5080:Jack o' the bowl 4912:Queen of Elphame 4654:Attested fairies 4650: 4525:Related articles 4501: 4494: 4487: 4478: 4311:Daimler, Morgan 4258: 4248: 4242: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4131:(3 March 2011). 4125: 4119: 4118: 4104: 4098: 4097: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4041: 4033: 4018: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4008: 3993: 3987: 3980: 3974: 3963: 3957: 3947: 3941: 3938: 3932: 3929: 3923: 3920: 3914: 3911: 3905: 3898: 3892: 3877: 3871: 3856: 3850: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3797: 3791: 3784: 3778: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3757: 3751: 3748: 3739: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3702: 3696: 3693: 3687: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3632: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3602: 3596: 3593: 3587: 3584: 3578: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3565: 3554: 3548: 3541: 3532: 3531: 3519: 3513: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3470: 3464: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3442: 3439: 3433: 3430: 3424: 3421: 3415: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3397: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3358: 3355: 3349: 3346: 3340: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3185: 3179: 3176: 3170: 3167: 3161: 3158: 3152: 3149: 3143: 3140: 3134: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3104: 3089: 3080: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3050: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3033: 3027: 3024: 3018: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3000: 2997: 2991: 2988: 2979: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2949: 2948: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2846: 2837: 2836: 2828: 2822: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2804: 2801: 2795: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2689: 2683: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2665: 2650: 2641: 2640: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2566: 2557: 2552:Briggs (1976) – 2550: 2544: 2543: 2527: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2461: 2326: 2302:Will-o'-the-wisp 2108:J. R. R. Tolkien 2075: 2072: 1987:, Myrea Pettit, 1953:Meredith Dillman 1931:One of the five 1786:J. R. R. Tolkien 1783: 1773: 1767: 1753: 1649: 1630:Huon of Bordeaux 1593: 1590: 1562: 1537: 1527: 1517: 1511: 1498: 1487: 1477: 1467: 1458: 1450: 1442: 1431: 1420: 1418:Tuatha Dé Danann 1406: 1404:Tuatha Dé Danann 1396: 1394:Tuatha Dé Danann 1387: 1385:Tuatha Dé Danann 1377: 1375:Tuatha Dé Danann 1358:Allan Cunningham 1187:will-o'-the-wisp 1075:trooping fairies 993:David MacRitchie 931: 857:Christian Church 701: 627:" for children. 617:English folklore 571: 550:Germanic peoples 476: 439: 433: 427: 411: 384: 372: 360: 354: 331: 322: 316: 239:four-leaf clover 83:Tuatha Dé Danann 49: 21: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6441: 6425: 6362: 6295: 6237:Enchanted Moura 6150: 6054: 5931: 5927:Yara-ma-yha-who 5865: 5861:Zashiki warashi 5711: 5585: 5509: 5462: 5447: 5206:Mooinjer veggey 5169: 5075:Jack-o'-lantern 5040:Heinzelmännchen 4923: 4655: 4644: 4613: 4589:Household deity 4547:Fairy godmother 4520: 4511: 4505: 4446: 4304:Coghlan, Ronan 4266: 4261: 4249: 4245: 4241:30 (4):337-355. 4236: 4232: 4219: 4218: 4214: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4148: 4147: 4143: 4135: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4069: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4034: 4022:Windling, Terri 4020: 4019: 4015: 4006: 4004: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3981: 3977: 3971:Peter and Wendy 3964: 3960: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3930: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3908: 3899: 3895: 3878: 3874: 3857: 3853: 3844: 3840: 3833: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3785: 3781: 3772: 3768: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3749: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3690: 3671: 3667: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3624: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3599: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3563: 3561: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3543:Child, Francis 3542: 3535: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3507: 3503: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3400: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3285: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3252:Cornish Studies 3249: 3248: 3244: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3222:on Dec 4, 2003. 3210: 3209: 3205: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3137: 3132: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3107: 3090: 3083: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3044: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2989: 2982: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2946: 2944: 2939: 2938: 2934: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2889: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2864: 2848: 2847: 2840: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2782: 2766: 2765: 2761: 2754: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2677: 2672: 2668: 2651: 2644: 2637: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2610: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2583: 2568: 2567: 2560: 2551: 2547: 2540: 2516: 2515: 2511: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2463: 2462: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2316: 2314:Popular culture 2311: 2202:Fairy godmother 2187: 2182: 2121:Australian wine 2073: 2047: 1925: 1919: 1897:Peter and Wendy 1815:Rudyard Kipling 1760:Madame d'Aulnoy 1730:Michael Drayton 1591: 1571: 1539: 1529: 1479: 1469: 1389: 1379: 1346:Northern Europe 1247: 1163:Celtic folklore 1146:St. John's wort 1142: 1130: 1124: 1071: 1065: 1063:Classifications 1025: 1023:Characteristics 1001: 951: 924: 877:Reformed Church 869: 863:for examples). 849: 774:familiar spirit 737: 686: 649: 613:Elizabethan era 483: 459:people of peace 445:euphemistically 286: 247:modern medicine 144:, found in the 142:anthropomorphic 132:) is a type of 65: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6506: 6504: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6475: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6464: 6454: 6444: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6387: 6386: 6381: 6370: 6368: 6367:Cross-regional 6364: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6330: 6329: 6324: 6314: 6309: 6307:Dames blanches 6303: 6301: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6252: 6251: 6241: 6240: 6239: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6212:Kallikantzaros 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6187:Doñas de fuera 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6158: 6156: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6062: 6060: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5946: 5944: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5873: 5871: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5839: 5834: 5833: 5832: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5810:Mrenh kongveal 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5771: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5517: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5506: 5505: 5500: 5490: 5485: 5476: 5470: 5468: 5464: 5463: 5460: 5453: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5443:Yan-gant-y-tan 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5319: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5231:Nelly Longarms 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5177: 5175: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5035:The Hedley Kow 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5005:Gwragedd Annwn 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4931: 4929: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4921: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4656: 4653: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4611: 4606: 4604:Tutelary deity 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4575: 4574: 4564: 4559: 4557:Fairy painting 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4528: 4526: 4522: 4521: 4516: 4513: 4512: 4506: 4504: 4503: 4496: 4489: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4468: 4462: 4445: 4444:External links 4442: 4441: 4440: 4424: 4417: 4411:Purkiss, Diane 4408: 4407:, London, 1831 4402:Ritson, Joseph 4399: 4390: 4377: 4370: 4358: 4357:57(4), 1135–57 4351: 4339: 4332: 4316: 4309: 4302: 4293: 4284: 4277: 4270:Ashliman, D. L 4265: 4262: 4260: 4259: 4243: 4230: 4223:(March 2017). 4212: 4195: 4177: 4159: 4141: 4120: 4099: 4078: 4068:978-0007244669 4067: 4049: 4024:(2006-11-11). 4013: 3988: 3982:J. M. Barrie, 3975: 3965:J. M. Barrie, 3958: 3942: 3933: 3924: 3915: 3906: 3893: 3872: 3851: 3838: 3831: 3813: 3801: 3792: 3786:Briggs (1976) 3779: 3773:Briggs (1976) 3766: 3752: 3740: 3731: 3717: 3697: 3688: 3665: 3642: 3633: 3618: 3606: 3597: 3588: 3579: 3570: 3549: 3533: 3514: 3501: 3487: 3465: 3452: 3443: 3434: 3425: 3416: 3407: 3398: 3377: 3368: 3359: 3350: 3341: 3322: 3313: 3299: 3287:Ashliman, D.L. 3278: 3269: 3258:(3): 223–237. 3242: 3225: 3216:Trees for Life 3203: 3180: 3171: 3162: 3153: 3144: 3135: 3126: 3114: 3105: 3081: 3060: 3051: 3042: 3028: 3019: 3010: 3001: 2992: 2980: 2971: 2962: 2953: 2932: 2912: 2894: 2887: 2869: 2862: 2838: 2823: 2814: 2805: 2796: 2787: 2780: 2759: 2752: 2731: 2722: 2713: 2699: 2684: 2675: 2666: 2642: 2635: 2615: 2608: 2588: 2581: 2558: 2545: 2538: 2509: 2504:Dictionary.com 2491: 2473: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2437: 2429: 2421: 2413: 2405: 2401:Smile PreCure! 2397: 2389: 2381: 2373: 2365: 2361:Disney Fairies 2357: 2349: 2341: 2333: 2328: 2323:Donas de fuera 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2046: 2043: 2031:Daniel Maclise 1989:Arthur Rackham 1923:Fairy painting 1918: 1915: 1884:'s 1902 novel 1853:flower fairies 1810:Border ballads 1776:Brothers Grimm 1738:Alexander Pope 1662:Edmund Spenser 1594:); scene from 1570: 1567: 1531:Main article: 1528: 1520: 1471:Main article: 1468: 1461: 1381:Main article: 1378: 1371: 1341:fairy ointment 1298:"Herla cyning" 1246: 1243: 1167:County Wexford 1141: 1138: 1126:Main article: 1123: 1120: 1112:Unseelie Court 1067:Main article: 1064: 1061: 1024: 1021: 1000: 997: 976:Childe Rowland 972:Orkney islands 950: 947: 923: 920: 868: 865: 848: 845: 805:nature spirits 736: 735:Demoted angels 733: 685: 682: 648: 645: 640:Celtic Revival 482: 479: 285: 282: 278:Celtic Revival 266:United Kingdom 203:precursors to 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 90: 89:First attested 86: 85: 71: 67: 66: 59: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6505: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6463: 6455: 6453: 6445: 6440: 6439: 6436: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6385: 6384:Companions of 6382: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6359: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6328: 6327:King Goldemar 6325: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6245: 6242: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6136:Pictish Beast 6134: 6132: 6131:Morgan Le Fay 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5868: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5714: 5708: 5707:Yunwi Tsunsdi 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5622:Christmas elf 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5488:Little people 5486: 5484: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5465: 5458: 5454: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5438:Yallery Brown 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5140:Lazy Laurence 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5125:Klabautermann 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5070:Iannic-ann-ôd 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4658: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4616: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4599:Nature spirit 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4502: 4497: 4495: 4490: 4488: 4483: 4482: 4479: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4438:960-88087-0-7 4435: 4431: 4430: 4425: 4422: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4310: 4307: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4279:Bown, Nicola 4278: 4275: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4263: 4256: 4252: 4247: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4216: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4178: 4173: 4170:(June 2013). 4169: 4163: 4160: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4142: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4075: 4070: 4064: 4060: 4053: 4050: 4045: 4039: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4017: 4014: 4003: 3999: 3992: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3954: 3949:Lang, Andrew 3946: 3943: 3937: 3934: 3928: 3925: 3919: 3916: 3910: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3894: 3890: 3889:0-691-06722-8 3886: 3882: 3876: 3873: 3869: 3868:0-393-97636-X 3865: 3861: 3855: 3852: 3848: 3842: 3839: 3834: 3832:0-415-02699-7 3828: 3824: 3817: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3802: 3796: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3780: 3776: 3775:Morgan Le Fay 3770: 3767: 3762: 3756: 3753: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3735: 3732: 3720: 3714: 3710: 3709: 3701: 3698: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3685:0-901072-51-6 3682: 3678: 3675:(1966, 1990) 3674: 3669: 3666: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3646: 3643: 3637: 3634: 3630: 3629: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3607: 3601: 3598: 3592: 3589: 3583: 3580: 3574: 3571: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3518: 3515: 3511: 3505: 3502: 3490: 3488:9780275994259 3484: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3453: 3447: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3429: 3426: 3420: 3417: 3411: 3408: 3402: 3399: 3395: 3394:1-58542-206-1 3391: 3388:. pp. 146–47 3387: 3381: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3323: 3317: 3314: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3295: 3291: 3290:"Changelings" 3288: 3282: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3246: 3243: 3238: 3237: 3229: 3226: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3184: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3166: 3163: 3157: 3154: 3148: 3145: 3139: 3136: 3130: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3115: 3109: 3106: 3102: 3101:0-553-01159-6 3098: 3094: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3077:0-87483-591-7 3074: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3055: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3038: 3032: 3029: 3023: 3020: 3014: 3011: 3005: 3002: 2996: 2993: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2975: 2972: 2966: 2963: 2957: 2954: 2942: 2936: 2933: 2928: 2927: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2898: 2895: 2890: 2888:0-7661-8134-0 2884: 2880: 2873: 2870: 2865: 2863:0-8065-1160-5 2859: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2827: 2824: 2818: 2815: 2809: 2806: 2800: 2797: 2791: 2788: 2783: 2781:0-517-48904-X 2777: 2773: 2769: 2763: 2760: 2755: 2753:0-521-47735-2 2749: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2717: 2714: 2709: 2703: 2700: 2696:. p. 20. 2695: 2688: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2670: 2667: 2663: 2662:0-19-512199-6 2659: 2655: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2619: 2616: 2611: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2592: 2589: 2584: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2549: 2546: 2541: 2539:0-394-73467-X 2535: 2531: 2526: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2495: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2477: 2474: 2469: 2468: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2446: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2414: 2412:, book series 2411: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2396:, book series 2395: 2394: 2393:Rainbow Magic 2390: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2372:, book series 2371: 2370: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2356:, book series 2355: 2354: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2340:, book series 2339: 2338: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2324: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2166: 2164: 2163: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2124: 2122: 2117: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2079: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2058: 2057:Contra Celsum 2053: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2015:Victorian era 2011: 2009: 2005: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1965:Warwick Goble 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1917:In visual art 1916: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1797:Victorian era 1794: 1789: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1766: 1765:contes de fée 1761: 1757: 1752: 1751: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1653: 1652:Morgan le Fay 1648: 1647: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1618:knight errant 1615: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1597: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1580:Faerie Queene 1575: 1569:In literature 1568: 1565: 1561: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1538: 1536: 1526: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1512:, previously 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1486: 1478: 1476: 1466: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1449: 1448: 1441: 1440: 1433: 1430: 1425: 1419: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1388: 1386: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1354:William Blake 1350: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1252:Knockshigowna 1244: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1223: 1220: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1180: 1174: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1129: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1070: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 998: 996: 994: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 960: 955: 949:Hidden people 948: 946: 943: 942:Diane Purkiss 939: 935: 930: 921: 919: 917: 916:Ronald Hutton 913: 912: 907: 903: 899: 895: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 866: 864: 862: 858: 854: 846: 844: 842: 837: 834: 833:E. L. Gardner 830: 826: 822: 818: 816: 812: 811: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 779:In England's 777: 775: 771: 770: 765: 759: 758: 752: 748: 746: 742: 734: 732: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 700: 695: 691: 688:Early modern 683: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 654: 646: 644: 641: 637: 636:Edwardian era 633: 632:Victorian era 628: 626: 622: 621:Victorian era 618: 614: 610: 606: 605:fairie queene 602: 601:fairie knight 598: 594: 589: 587: 583: 579: 575: 570: 565: 560: 558: 555: 554:Middle French 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 510: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 480: 478: 475: 474: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 451: 446: 441: 438: 432: 426: 421: 420: 415: 412:, from which 410: 406: 402: 400: 396: 392: 388: 383: 378: 377: 371: 366: 362: 359: 353: 347: 345: 344: 339: 338:abstract noun 336:'), with the 335: 330: 326: 321: 315: 310: 306: 302: 301: 298:realm of the 295: 291: 283: 281: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 254: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 231: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 210:The label of 208: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 177: 175: 174:preternatural 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 102: 99: 95: 91: 87: 84: 81: 78: 75: 72: 68: 63: 55: 50: 44: 40: 33: 19: 6358:Weiße Frauen 6354:Witte Wieven 6126:Menninkäinen 5907:Patupaiarehe 5830:Hungry ghost 5815:Orang bunian 5733:Fallen angel 5677:Nordic alien 5413:Wicked fairy 5353:Sleih beggey 5155:Lubber fiend 5145:Leanan sídhe 5090:Joan the Wad 5055:Hobbididance 5015:Gwyn ap Nudd 4732:Bloody Bones 4702:Baobhan sith 4692:Arkan Sonney 4609:Water spirit 4594:Hungry grass 4562:Fairy riding 4507: 4454: 4428: 4420: 4413: 4404: 4395: 4386: 4373: 4363: 4354: 4345: 4335: 4326: 4319:Froud, Brian 4312: 4305: 4298: 4289: 4280: 4273: 4264:Bibliography 4254: 4246: 4238: 4233: 4215: 4198: 4180: 4162: 4144: 4129:John Milbank 4123: 4115: 4102: 4094: 4081: 4072: 4058: 4052: 4029: 4016: 4005:. Retrieved 4001: 3991: 3983: 3978: 3970: 3966: 3961: 3952: 3945: 3936: 3927: 3918: 3909: 3904:, pp. 10–11. 3901: 3896: 3880: 3875: 3859: 3854: 3846: 3841: 3822: 3816: 3808: 3804: 3795: 3788:Faerie Queen 3787: 3782: 3774: 3769: 3755: 3734: 3722:. Retrieved 3707: 3700: 3691: 3668: 3659: 3655: 3645: 3636: 3626: 3621: 3613: 3609: 3600: 3591: 3582: 3573: 3562:. Retrieved 3552: 3544: 3527: 3517: 3509: 3504: 3492:. Retrieved 3478: 3468: 3460: 3455: 3446: 3437: 3428: 3419: 3410: 3401: 3385: 3380: 3371: 3362: 3353: 3344: 3333: 3325: 3316: 3302: 3281: 3272: 3255: 3251: 3245: 3235: 3228: 3220:the original 3215: 3206: 3193: 3183: 3174: 3165: 3156: 3147: 3138: 3129: 3121: 3117: 3108: 3092: 3068: 3063: 3054: 3045: 3031: 3022: 3013: 3004: 2995: 2974: 2965: 2956: 2945:. Retrieved 2935: 2925: 2915: 2907:the original 2897: 2878: 2872: 2853: 2833:Daemonologie 2832: 2826: 2817: 2808: 2799: 2790: 2771: 2768:Yeats, W. B. 2762: 2743: 2740:Lewis, C. S. 2734: 2725: 2716: 2702: 2687: 2678: 2669: 2653: 2625: 2618: 2598: 2591: 2571: 2553: 2548: 2523: 2512: 2503: 2494: 2485: 2476: 2466: 2431: 2423: 2417:Supernatural 2415: 2407: 2399: 2391: 2383: 2375: 2367: 2359: 2351: 2345:Carnival Row 2343: 2337:Artemis Fowl 2335: 2168: 2160: 2149:John Milbank 2146: 2130: 2126: 2113: 2101: 2095: 2090: 2081: 2068: 2063: 2055: 2048: 2019:Richard Dadd 2012: 2008:fairy houses 2001: 1993:Suza Scalora 1973:Rebecca Guay 1957:Gustave Doré 1938: 1902:J. M. Barrie 1895: 1885: 1882:J. M. Barrie 1875: 1868: 1818: 1808: 1801:Walter Scott 1790: 1741: 1733: 1727: 1720: 1714: 1701: 1684:John Lydgate 1665: 1655: 1641: 1638: 1611: 1602: 1600: 1595: 1577: 1560:Sleagh Maith 1556: 1542: 1541:In the 1691 1540: 1505:Irish Gaelic 1482: 1480: 1447:Emain Ablach 1434: 1424:Irish people 1390: 1367: 1361: 1351: 1339: 1337: 1320: 1318: 1297: 1283: 1274: 1259:Child ballad 1256: 1248: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1216: 1184: 1179:Seelie Court 1175: 1154:Newfoundland 1143: 1131: 1116: 1111: 1107:Seelie Court 1105: 1099: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1072: 1049:tuberculosis 1026: 1002: 963: 925: 909: 905: 891: 870: 850: 838: 828: 824: 819: 814: 808: 804: 778: 769:Daemonologie 767: 764:King James I 762: 757:Daemonologie 755: 738: 710:, a kind of 689: 687: 650: 647:Descriptions 629: 604: 600: 596: 590: 561: 511: 505:creature or 486: 484: 462: 458: 454: 448: 442: 413: 403: 398: 394: 390: 386: 374: 364: 363: 348: 325:Vulgar Latin 304: 299: 293: 289: 288:The English 287: 262:Romantic art 255: 251:tuberculosis 233:A recurring 232: 227: 211: 209: 181:folk beliefs 178: 170:supernatural 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 107: 43: 18:Sleagh Maith 6379:Santa Claus 6207:Hippocampus 5897:Muldjewangk 5758:Inari Ōkami 5408:Water horse 5393:Tylwyth Teg 5383:Tooth fairy 5271:Pillywiggin 5221:Moss people 5191:Meg Mullach 5095:Joint-eater 4980:Ghillie Dhu 4940:Fairy Queen 4722:Billy Blind 4677:Alp Luachra 4584:Genius loci 4510:in folklore 4455:In Our Time 4361:Lewis, C.S. 3069:Touch Magic 2428:, TV series 2420:, TV series 2388:, TV series 2348:, TV series 2287:Tooth fairy 2098:C. S. Lewis 2087:Robert Kirk 1997:Nene Thomas 1961:Brian Froud 1941:fairy tales 1935:photographs 1910:Tinker Bell 1865:Andrew Lang 1795:during the 1793:Romanticism 1756:fairy tales 1710:Shakespeare 1688:King Arthur 1686:wrote that 1622:Sir Launfal 1592: 1788 1547:Robert Kirk 1545:, Reverend 1333:gingerbread 1204:thorn trees 1200:fairy forts 1191:C. S. Lewis 1134:changelings 1122:Changelings 1045:fairy-locks 959:C. E. Brock 902:C. S. Lewis 881:Anglicanism 861:W. B. Yeats 781:Theosophist 728:Greco-Roman 704:fairy hills 694:folk belief 625:fairy tales 593:Middle Ages 473:Tylwyth Teg 296:, meaning ' 268:during the 201:prehistoric 176:qualities. 92:In folklore 6477:Categories 6411:Salamander 6111:Jack Frost 5743:Hồ ly tinh 5738:Fox spirit 5642:Grey alien 5602:Anchimayen 5403:Water bull 5348:Shellycoat 5266:Peg Powler 5251:Nuckelavee 5226:Nain Rouge 5150:Leprechaun 5045:Hinzelmann 4950:Fear gorta 4945:Fear dearg 4917:Svartálfar 4877:Each-uisge 4837:Colt pixie 4827:Clurichaun 4817:Ceffyl Dŵr 4717:Bean nighe 4640:Fairy ring 4635:Fairy path 4625:Fairy fort 4567:Fairy tale 4552:Fairy-lock 4537:Changeling 4007:2009-08-19 3564:2012-08-15 3330:Opie, Iona 2947:2014-05-11 2442:References 2425:True Blood 2242:Leprechaun 2175:delusions. 2089:who wrote 2074: 335 1921:See also: 1904:'s famous 1857:Queen Mary 1805:James Hogg 1771:précieuses 1750:précieuses 1515:bean sídhe 1455:Tir na nÓg 1331:blossoms, 1321:Fairy gold 1302:Walter Map 1128:Changeling 1017:elementals 1007:, classed 1005:Paracelsus 999:Elementals 875:among the 873:Puritanism 810:elementals 791:, such as 309:Old French 276:eras. The 6391:Elemental 6081:Black dog 5795:Korpokkur 5748:Huli jing 5692:Pukwudgie 5672:Nimerigar 5632:Encantado 5576:Tikoloshe 5556:Mami Wata 5536:Bultungin 5526:Asanbosam 5467:Worldwide 5428:Wirry-cow 5281:Púca/Pwca 5216:Morvarc'h 5105:Kilmoulis 5060:Hobgoblin 5000:Grindylow 4975:Gancanagh 4955:Fenodyree 4907:Huldufólk 4847:Cyhyraeth 4797:Bugul Noz 4630:Fairyland 4393:Pócs, Éva 3790:, p. 130. 2852:(1990) . 2447:Citations 2433:Winx Club 2385:Lost Girl 1945:sculpture 1906:Peter Pan 1892:Neverland 1878:Peter Pan 1734:Nimphidia 1626:Sir Orfeo 1601:The word 1522:Scottish 1409:goddesses 1310:Wild Hunt 1286:Sir Orfeo 1267:Bluebeard 1158:hard tack 980:Stone Age 934:Fairyland 885:hobgoblin 793:evolution 699:aes sídhe 678:butterfly 674:dragonfly 623:, as in " 582:Shahnameh 518:Brythonic 485:The term 463:fair folk 455:good folk 334:the fates 284:Etymology 274:Edwardian 270:Victorian 193:Christian 136:being or 126:fair folk 6452:Category 6442:See also 6421:Wild man 6322:Alberich 6192:Farfadet 6182:Dionysus 6172:Cercopes 6162:Basajaun 6155:Southern 6066:Aitvaras 6059:Northern 6045:Vodyanoy 6040:Vântoase 6030:Vadleany 6025:Ursitory 6020:Spiriduș 6015:Sânziană 5975:Kikimora 5970:Karzełek 5922:Wandjina 5887:Menehune 5846:Yakshini 5800:Mazzikin 5790:Kijimuna 5728:Dokkaebi 5682:Nûñnë'hï 5627:Curupira 5617:Chaneque 5612:Canotila 5590:Americas 5483:Succubus 5474:Bogeyman 5363:Spriggan 5343:Seonaidh 5196:Melusine 5130:Korrigan 5020:Habetrot 5010:Gwyllion 4990:Glashtyn 4985:Glaistig 4965:Finvarra 4867:Dullahan 4832:Coblynau 4822:Clíodhna 4807:Cat sìth 4802:Caoineag 4712:Barghest 4579:Familiar 4323:Alan Lee 4038:cite web 4002:Newsweek 3951:Preface 3724:30 April 3662:: 17–25. 3339:. p. 38. 3198:Archived 3071:. p. 49 2923:(1922). 2742:(1994). 2307:Yakshini 2272:Paristan 2257:Nûñnë'hï 2180:See also 2172:mermaids 1981:Alan Lee 1439:Mag Mell 1219:Brownies 1033:talisman 724:Germanic 666:barefoot 586:Ferdowsi 503:ethereal 477:), etc. 450:wee folk 405:Latinate 379:, while 158:Germanic 146:folklore 134:mythical 70:Grouping 6483:Fairies 6416:Sandman 6344:Perchta 6339:Lorelei 6300:Western 6281:Thiasus 6266:Silenus 6217:Kobalos 6167:Centaur 6096:Haltija 6091:Gremlin 6010:Rusalka 6005:Psotnik 6000:Polevik 5995:Ovinnik 5960:Domovoy 5955:Căpcăun 5943:Eastern 5912:Taniwha 5870:Oceania 5763:Kitsune 5687:Pombero 5652:Ishigaq 5607:Caipora 5581:Yumboes 5561:Obayifo 5498:Mermaid 5493:Merfolk 5479:Incubus 5316:Skogsrå 5306:Radande 5296:Bergsrå 5115:Knucker 5110:Knocker 5065:Hödekin 5030:Haltija 4995:Groac'h 4960:Finfolk 4902:Erlking 4897:Elegast 4862:Duergar 4812:Cù Sìth 4792:Bugbear 4787:Buggane 4772:Brownie 4762:Boobrie 4752:Boggart 4737:Bluecap 4707:Banshee 4542:Elfshot 4508:Fairies 4458:at the 4450:Fairies 4380:Narvaez 4328:Faeries 3777:p. 303. 3093:Faeries 2404:, anime 2192:Apsaras 2185:General 1829:fantasy 1607:Chaucer 1509:bean sí 1501:banshee 1360:in his 1271:Tam Lin 1245:Legends 1171:Ireland 1087:dwarves 984:elfshot 883:). The 815:fairies 690:fairies 684:Origins 680:wings. 670:ragwort 653:magical 591:In the 548:), and 530:Cornish 522:Bretons 495:goblins 491:magical 385:became 382:faierie 340:suffix 314:faierie 220:goblins 216:magical 6401:Goblin 6349:Vittra 6312:Dusios 6286:Trenti 6276:Squasc 6222:Lamina 6202:Hecate 6086:Gabija 6071:Ajatar 5985:Lidérc 5950:Bannik 5936:Europe 5882:Manaia 5877:Bunyip 5842:Yaksha 5837:Tennin 5805:Mogwai 5768:Kumiho 5753:Huxian 5723:Diwata 5702:Trauco 5521:Abatwa 5514:Africa 5503:Merman 5398:Undine 5358:Sluagh 5338:Selkie 5333:Sebile 5328:Schrat 5323:Redcap 5301:Hulder 5261:Oberon 5256:Nuggle 5211:Morgen 5201:Merrow 5165:Ly Erg 5120:Kobold 5100:Kelpie 4935:Fachan 4872:Dunnie 4857:Duende 4747:Bodach 4682:Anjana 4672:Aibell 4667:Adhene 4436: 4369:(1964) 4065: 3887: 3866: 3829: 3715: 3683: 3494:11 May 3485: 3392: 3099: 3075: 2885: 2860: 2778: 2750: 2660: 2633: 2606: 2579: 2556:p. xi. 2536: 2282:Shedim 2252:Nereid 2222:Goblin 2033:, and 1995:, and 1849:giants 1841:dryads 1833:Narnia 1758:, and 1692:Avalon 1676:satyrs 1672:nymphs 1634:Oberon 1535:Aos Sí 1496:Aos Sí 1485:aos sí 1475:Aos Sí 1465:Aos Sí 1415:. The 1232:girnal 1228:gowpen 1148:, and 1053:revels 1029:amulet 1013:sylphs 1009:gnomes 898:Oberon 853:nymphs 813:, and 801:Angels 797:plants 789:nature 741:angels 720:Celtic 716:angels 662:armour 658:Orkney 597:fairie 534:Gaelic 507:sprite 499:gnomes 399:faerie 323:(from 305:Faerie 294:faerie 224:gnomes 205:humans 189:demons 185:angels 166:spirit 162:French 160:, and 154:Slavic 150:Celtic 130:faerie 112:(also 101:Europe 97:Region 80:Sprite 6406:Gnome 6396:Fates 6317:Dwarf 6271:Siren 6261:Satyr 6244:Nymph 6232:Mouro 6227:Mairu 6177:Circe 6141:Troll 6121:Lauma 6106:Hiisi 6035:Vâlvă 5990:Likho 5980:Leshy 5917:Tipua 5902:Nawao 5892:Mimis 5856:Yōsei 5851:Yōkai 5825:Preta 5780:Irshi 5775:Hyang 5657:Jogah 5571:Simbi 5566:Rompo 5551:Kishi 5546:Jengu 5541:Eloko 5531:Aziza 5418:Wight 5378:Tomte 5373:Sylph 5311:Sjörå 5276:Pixie 5246:Nixie 5241:Nisse 5160:Lutin 4970:Fuath 4852:Drude 4842:Crone 4782:Bucca 4757:Bogle 4727:Biróg 4697:Asrai 4384:Peter 4136:(PDF) 2482:"fey" 2262:Nymph 2227:Houri 2217:Gnome 1894:, in 1837:fauns 1680:Lamia 1603:fairy 1525:Sìthe 1491:Irish 1429:sídhe 1399:Irish 1329:gorse 1306:dwarf 1294:Oisín 1279:teind 1091:elves 1083:fairy 1057:Rowan 1041:herbs 1037:rowan 1035:) of 988:ogres 938:Hades 929:sídhe 914:, by 785:Devas 745:tithe 712:demon 574:Peris 569:peris 542:Scots 538:Irish 526:Welsh 487:fairy 467:Welsh 414:fairy 395:faery 387:fairy 365:Fairy 343:-erie 311:form 290:fairy 235:motif 228:Fairy 212:fairy 197:Pagan 191:in a 172:, or 128:, or 110:fairy 77:Pixie 47:Fairy 6291:Vila 6249:List 6197:Faun 6076:Badb 6050:Zână 5965:Iele 5820:Peri 5785:Jinn 5716:Asia 5697:Saci 5667:Muki 5597:Alux 5433:Xana 5388:Trow 5286:Puck 5181:Mare 4767:Brag 4572:List 4434:ISBN 4321:and 4063:ISBN 4044:link 3969:and 3885:ISBN 3864:ISBN 3827:ISBN 3726:2010 3713:ISBN 3681:ISBN 3496:2013 3483:ISBN 3390:ISBN 3097:ISBN 3073:ISBN 2883:ISBN 2858:ISBN 2776:ISBN 2748:ISBN 2658:ISBN 2631:ISBN 2604:ISBN 2577:ISBN 2534:ISBN 2297:Vila 2292:Xian 2267:Peri 2247:Mimi 2237:Kami 2232:Jinn 2151:and 2013:The 2002:The 1845:hags 1839:and 1825:Puck 1803:and 1674:and 1481:The 1413:gods 1411:and 1391:The 1325:gold 1089:and 1011:and 936:and 841:Peri 726:and 634:and 630:The 546:Manx 497:and 425:fǣġe 397:and 370:Faie 352:faie 329:fata 320:faie 300:fays 272:and 260:and 222:and 6334:Imp 6256:Pan 5174:M–Z 5050:Hob 5025:Hag 4928:F–L 4887:Alp 4882:Elf 4660:A–E 4460:BBC 4452:on 3260:doi 2530:127 2076:), 2054:in 1880:in 1781:Fee 1719:'s 1704:by 1583:by 1312:of 1275:now 1100:In 1093:of 1015:as 708:Eve 676:or 584:by 532:), 447:as 437:fae 431:fey 419:fey 409:fae 391:fay 376:fay 358:fee 355:or 332:, ' 303:'. 187:or 122:fey 118:fae 114:fay 6479:: 5291:Rå 4382:, 4325:, 4272:. 4071:. 4040:}} 4036:{{ 4028:. 4000:. 3743:^ 3660:16 3658:. 3654:. 3536:^ 3526:. 3477:. 3292:. 3256:21 3254:. 3214:. 3192:. 3084:^ 2983:^ 2881:. 2841:^ 2645:^ 2561:^ 2532:. 2502:. 2484:. 2454:^ 2277:Rå 2071:c. 2029:, 2025:, 1999:. 1991:, 1983:, 1979:, 1975:, 1971:, 1967:, 1963:, 1959:, 1955:, 1847:, 1823:, 1650:, 1609:. 1589:c. 1316:. 1169:, 1097:. 1031:, 995:. 896:, 843:. 827:; 807:, 722:, 603:, 595:, 559:. 544:, 540:, 528:, 524:, 509:. 469:: 461:, 457:, 453:, 346:. 226:. 156:, 152:, 124:, 120:, 116:, 108:A 6356:/ 5844:/ 5481:/ 4500:e 4493:t 4486:v 4227:. 4192:. 4174:. 4156:. 4138:. 4046:) 4010:. 3956:. 3891:. 3870:. 3835:. 3763:. 3728:. 3567:. 3547:. 3498:. 3396:. 3310:. 3296:. 3266:. 3262:: 3103:. 3079:. 2950:. 2891:. 2866:. 2835:. 2784:. 2756:. 2710:. 2664:. 2639:. 2612:. 2585:. 2542:. 2506:. 2488:. 1587:( 1503:( 1284:" 1261:" 536:( 520:( 465:( 41:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index