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there is no adipose dorsal fin present, there is a pectoral fin ranging from small to rudimentary located below the mid-flank, 4-18 rays, if pelvic fins are present, they exist in the abdominal region, with the origin being before the origin of the dorsal fin, they have forked caudal fins, and a tube above the base of pectoral fin that connects to a luminous gland on the shoulder girdle. They have no swim bladder. Some species bear
113:
520:
It’s been thought that as the
Alepocephalidae age, they move down layers in the ocean, (mesopelagic waters and bathypelagic waters) due to mostly adolescent Alepocephalidae being reported near the surface, although there have been sightings of juveniles only several meters above the sea floor, which
487:
Their mouths consist of 80 to 100 razor-sharp teeth, being rather small and feeble. They are shaped in an eel-like elongation, with large eyes, gill rakers that range from moderate to long and numerous, and spineless fins. The single dorsal fin is located posterior to the midpoint of the body and
524:
Vertical shift could occur due to predation being higher close to the sea floor and/or warmer water having a larger abundance of plankton. Juvenile slickheads may have a preference to travel upwards to take advantage of the lack of predation and abundance of food to increase survival rates.
533:
The species of
Alepocephalidae are widely distributed throughout the world and can be found in the Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific oceans, although they are difficult to find as they typically live around the bathypelagic layer of the ocean.
437:. They are most commonly found in the bathypelagic layer, which is approximately 3000m below the surface. They get their name from the lack of scales on their heads. Similarly, the scientific name is from the Greek ᾰ̓- (
765:
Fujiwara, Yoshihiro; Kawato, Masaru; Poulsen, Jan Yde; Ida, Hitoshi; Chikaraishi, Yoshito; Ohkouchi, Naohiko; Oguri, Kazumasa; Gotoh, Shinpei; Ozawa, Genki; Tanaka, Sho; Miya, Masaki (2021-01-25).
1443:
985:"<strong>A new species of <em>Leptoderma</em> Vaillant, 1886 (Osmeriformes: Alepocephalidae) from the Pacific coast of Central America</strong>"
598:"<strong>A new species of <em>Leptoderma</em> Vaillant, 1886 (Osmeriformes: Alepocephalidae) from the Pacific coast of Central America</strong>"
734:
1472:
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1308:
834:"Detection of the Largest Deep-Sea-Endemic Teleost Fish at Depths of Over 2,000 m Through a Combination of eDNA Metabarcoding and Baited Camera Observations"
832:
Fujiwara, Yoshihiro; Tsuchida, Shinji; Kawato, Masaru; Masuda, Kotohiro; Sakaguchi, Sakiko Orui; Sado, Tetsuya; Miya, Masaki; Yoshida, Takao (2022-07-01).
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767:"Discovery of a colossal slickhead (Alepocephaliformes: Alepocephalidae): an active-swimming top predator in the deep waters of Suruga Bay, Japan"
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875:"Larvae and juveniles of Leptoderma lubricum and L. retropinnum (Argentiformes: Alepocephalidae) collected from Suruga Bay, Japan"
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930:"Up-and-down shift in residence depth of slickheads (Alepocephalidae) revealed by otolith stable oxygen isotopic composition"
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657:"A framework of ichthyofaunal ecostratigraphy of the Oligocene-Early Miocene strata of the Polish Outer Carpathian basin"
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could suggest that some species may travel between different depths throughout their life stages, a vertical shift.
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Their early life development is from large eggs directly into yolk sac juveniles that travel in deep waters.
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n.sp., a new species of smooth-head (Otocephala: Alepocephalidae) from the Mid
Atlantic Ridge."
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R. Betancur-Rodriguez, E. Wiley, N. Bailly, A. Acero, M. Miya, G. Lecointre, G. Ortí:
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680:"Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)"
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754:. U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region.
271:
655:
Kotlarczyk, Janusz; Jerzmańska, Anna; Świdnicka, Ewa; Wiszniowska, Teresa (2006).
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The following characteristics are generally shared by the
Alepocephalidae family:
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and several indeterminate taxa are also known from the same formation. Fossil
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The Early Stages of Fishes in the
California Current Region: Final Report
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ANGULO, ARTURO; BALDWIN, CAROLE C.; ROBERTSON, D. ROSS (2016-01-18).
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ANGULO, ARTURO; BALDWIN, CAROLE C.; ROBERTSON, D. ROSS (2016-01-18).
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Nelson, Joseph S., Terry C. Grande, and Mark V.H. Wilson (2016).
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1091:, (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982)
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Byrkjedal, I., Poulsen, J.Y., & Galbraith, J. (2011). "
449:, "head"). It has about 22 genera with ca. 96 species.
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1138:
928:Shiao, J. C.; Liu, E. Y.; Sui, T. D. (2016-01-29).
557:. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 381.
433:, are deep water fishes that belong to the family
684:Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History
873:Takami, Munehiro; Fukui, Atsushi (2010-08-12).
678:Near, Thomas J.; Thacker, Christine E. (2024).
1089:Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand
462:of Poland, although an undescribed species of
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8:
733:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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723:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 173–174.
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1081:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
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505:, which is also the largest completely
1473:Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte
1121:Alepocephalidae illustration from FCIT
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661:Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
551:McEachran, J.; Fechhelm, J.D. (1998).
7:
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1363:AC642D14-3A44-FFC5-34F2-FCB1DC3B2BDA
1324:ddd25361-91cd-45c1-8229-7c76d37faa8d
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1416:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
25:
1396:
1087:Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox,
134:
452:The only known fossil genus is
472:are also known, dating to the
1:
838:Frontiers in Marine Science
748:Moser, H. Geoffrey (1996).
498:The largest species is the
27:Family of ray-finned fishes
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1103:Leptodermua macrophthalmum
1002:10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.10
792:10.1038/s41598-020-80203-6
615:10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.10
899:10.1007/s10228-010-0176-0
851:10.3389/fmars.2022.945758
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131:Scientific classification
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1468:Ray-finned fish families
1063:"Family Alepocephalidae"
1061:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
445:, "scale"); and κεφαλή (
123:Alepocephalus tenebrosus
1071:. October 2013 version.
934:Journal of Fish Biology
879:Ichthyological Research
1412:-related article is a
120:California slickhead,
1478:Ray-finned fish stubs
1345:Paleobiology Database
502:Narcetes shonanmaruae
411:Aulastomatomorphinae
697:10.3374/014.065.0101
500:Yokozuna slickhead,
387:Leptochilichthyidae
946:2016JFBio..88.1265S
891:2010IchtR..57..406T
783:2021NatSR..11.2490F
721:Fishes of the World
1408:Alepocephaliformes
1050:2017-07-11 at the
771:Scientific Reports
441:-, "not"); λέπος (
198:Alepocephaliformes
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1332:Open Tree of Life
1132:Taxon identifiers
1077:"Alepocephalidae"
954:10.1111/jfb.12904
564:978-0-292-75206-1
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576:. Retrieved
553:
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529:Distribution
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474:Early Eocene
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188:Alepocephali
184:Superorder:
121:
29:
1257:iNaturalist
1164:Wikispecies
1012:10669/73336
777:(1): 2490.
667:(1): 1–111.
625:10669/73336
490:photophores
480:Description
431:smoothheads
413:Fowler 1934
335:Photostylus
321:Mirognathus
237:Asquamiceps
1457:Categories
538:References
465:Bathyprion
427:nakedheads
423:Slickheads
356:Talismania
307:Leptoderma
265:Bathyprion
35:Slickheads
1021:1175-5334
962:0022-1112
907:1341-8998
860:2296-7745
801:2045-2322
729:cite book
706:0079-032X
634:1175-5334
516:Behaviour
458:from the
407:Parr 1948
258:Bathylaco
213:Bonaparte
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
18:Slickhead
1149:Wikidata
1068:FishBase
1048:Archived
1029:27395850
970:26822590
915:24825738
819:33495481
642:27395850
573:38468784
470:otoliths
373:Synonyms
349:Rouleina
342:Rinoctes
328:Narcetes
293:Herwigia
279:Conocara
204:Family:
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
1155:Q629628
1107:Zootaxa
989:Zootaxa
942:Bibcode
887:Bibcode
810:7835233
779:Bibcode
602:Zootaxa
578:12 July
510:teleost
507:bathyal
447:kephalē
221:Genera
194:Order:
174:Class:
1376:125507
1350:265747
1337:859881
1321:NZOR:
1314:134615
1288:162303
1275:114132
1095:
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512:fish.
286:Einara
215:, 1846
1404:This
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