Knowledge (XXG)

Eastern Slovak dialects

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Boli raz dvaja kmotrovia, ktorí stále spolu chodili na jarmoky. Raz tiež tak vyšli z jarmoku a našli pušku. To viete, že vtedy ešte ľudia tak nechyrovali o puškách, nebolo toľko vojakov. Išli tak popod lesík a jeden zazrel pušku a hneď k nej utekal. Ten druhý sa tiež silno zaradoval, tak vzali fujaru
864:
Buľi raz dvojo kmotrove, co furt vjedno chodziľi na jurmaki. Raz tiž tak išľi z jurmaku a našľi gvera. Ta znace, že ešči ftedi ľudze tak ňechirovali o gveroch, ňebulo teľo vojakoch. Išľi tak popod ľešik a naraz jeden zbačil gver a takoj ku ňemu ucekal… Ten druhi še tiž mocno zradoval, ta vžaľi totu
1194:
The third theory defines Pannonian Rusyn as a West Slavic language originating in the East Slovak Zemplín and Šariš dialects and being a mixture of the two. It fits the linguistic data in the most consistent manner and has been accepted by an overwhelming majority of scholars in the field (Bidwell
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in the 1840s, was based largely on Central Slovak dialects spoken at the time. Eastern dialects are considerably different from Central and Western dialects in their phonology, morphology and vocabulary, set apart by a stronger connection to Polish and Rusyn. At the beginning of the 20th century,
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endings. Eastern Slovak dialects also share many features of Western Slovak dialects that are absent from Central dialects and standard Slovak, supporting the idea that Central Slovakia was inhabited more recently than the east and west of the country.
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fujaru a hutorili sebe: "Kmotre, ja budzem do ňej duc a ti budzeš prebirac". Ta začaľi vera ľudze tote dvomi hrac. Jeden kmoter pocahnul za kohucik, kuľka utrafila do druheho kmotra, co prebiral a ten še takoj prevracil umarti na žem.
880:
a hovorili si: „Kmotor, ja budem do nej fúkať a ty budeš preberať„. Tak začali veru tí dvaja hrať. Jeden kmotor potiahol za kohútik, guľka trafila druhého kmotra, ktorý preberal, a ten sa hneď prevrátil mŕtvy na zem.
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1966; Švagrovský 1984; Witkowski 1984; Lunt 1998; Čarskij 2011) and verified by several comprehensive analyses of Pannonian Rusyn language data (Bidwell 1966; Lunt 1998; Čarskij 2011).
2091: 223: 30:"Slovjak" and "Slovjak language" redirect here. For the cultural and political movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in eastern Slovakia, see 1245: 288:, stress on the penultimate syllable, as in Polish and Rusyn, as opposed to the first syllable stress normal in standard Slovak, and variation in 2086: 681:
are always complemented by a vowel in Eastern dialects. The tone and position of the vowel greatly varies from region to region. The word
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Features of the dialects vary greatly from region to region, but features that are common throughout all dialects include the lack of
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Attempts to create an East Slovak literary standard have been varied and unsuccessful. Several Slovak newspapers founded in the
1319: 1262: 1238: 2186: 574: 2081: 2076: 1704: 1271: 2111: 1549: 120: 699:. The lack of syllabic consonants is also shared by other dialects of northern Slovakia and southern Poland and the 332:
Diaspora from the region has contributed to a scattered literary presence of Eastern Slovak dialects. The newspaper
449:), spoken in the far south and central eastern Slovakia, which form the transition between Slovak, Šariš and Rusyn. 1868: 1231: 437:), spoken in south-western eastern Slovakia and sharing several phonological features with Hungarian and Zemplín. 189: 2181: 2176: 1908: 349: 325: 1969: 1814: 1562: 1278: 339: 100: 1806: 1739: 1734: 1699: 1658: 1461: 1429: 1116: 105: 1999: 1953: 1878: 1856: 1771: 1760: 1568: 1540: 1519: 1330: 1285: 353: 115: 2015: 1509: 1479: 1438: 1358: 969: 2116: 2025: 1824: 1791: 1692: 1682: 1651: 1451: 1338: 1301: 1290: 258: 79: 1687: 1624: 1599: 1446: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1367: 1201: 2101: 918: 1027: 2136: 2126: 1987: 1903: 1841: 1744: 1726: 1709: 1666: 1640: 1586: 1581: 1504: 1469: 1388: 1311: 1179: 1169: 1031: 730: 289: 577:) consonants existed in Slovak, and this feature can still be heard in some Zemplín dialects. 2121: 2057: 1861: 1575: 1526: 1514: 1499: 1378: 1373: 1254: 1165: 1019: 110: 31: 1939: 1898: 1891: 1645: 1635: 1610: 1593: 1383: 1351: 1306: 1296: 1214: 1158:
Habijanec, Siniša (2020). "Pannonian Rusyn". In Greenberg, Marc; Grenoble, Lenore (eds.).
454: 321: 274: 246: 238: 155: 125: 92: 2141: 1086: 1063: 805:, except in the Košice dialect, which treats the city's name as a singular noun and uses 2156: 2131: 1924: 1846: 1836: 1779: 1557: 1494: 1397: 278: 270: 269:. In contrast to other dialects of Slovak, Eastern dialects are less intelligible with 2170: 2106: 2096: 1796: 1672: 1417: 1343: 1020: 700: 297: 182: 733:
is different from in standard Slovak. The genitive and locative plurals are always -
1714: 1488: 1159: 645: 475: 2043: 2030: 469: 254: 212: 75: 312:(The American-Slovak News), were initially written in Eastern Slovak dialects. 1980: 1959: 1851: 285: 1183: 457:
as an East Slovak dialect with features from the Šariš and Zemplín dialects.
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there was an unsuccessful attempt to standardise an East Slovak language.
2050: 1974: 1932: 266: 1087:"Once More about the Language of Eastern Slovak Publications in the USA" 2037: 1993: 1117:"Notes on the Rusyn language of Yugoslavia and its East Slovak origins" 250: 71: 17: 1784: 655: 400: 396: 220: 1223: 1140: 1022:
The politics of language and nationalism in modern Central Europe
1056:"East Slovak language separatism in the 19th and 20th centuries" 262: 83: 1227: 834:). Accusative personal pronouns ending in -a also end in -e; 419:, and sharing many features in common with Zemplín and Rusyn. 352:
in 1886, were originally written in the Šariš dialect, using
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Linguistic features common to East Slovak dialects include:
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Eastern Slovak dialects can be divided into four subgroups:
737:, regardless of gender, and the dative plural is always - 616:), meaning the infinitive ending for verbs changes from 573:). Until the 14th century, an even wider array of soft ( 1161:
Brill Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics
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is still in business and writes in standard Slovak.
2067: 2014: 1923: 1877: 1805: 1770: 1759: 1725: 1623: 1548: 1539: 1478: 1460: 1437: 1428: 1329: 1261: 196: 180: 168: 163: 149: 89: 67: 59: 39: 219:Eastern Slovak is classified as Vulnerable by the 1054:Švagrovský, Štefan; Ondrejovič, Slavomír (2004). 472:falls on the penultimate syllable, not the first. 1239: 1007:. Oxford University Press. 2003. p. 411. 249:spoken natively in the historical regions of 8: 877: 862: 841: 835: 829: 823: 806: 800: 790: 784: 778: 772: 766: 760: 754: 748: 742: 721: 715: 694: 688: 682: 665: 659: 649: 631: 621: 611: 605: 568: 562: 556: 550: 544: 538: 532: 526: 478:is not distinguished - all vowels are short. 444: 432: 426: 410: 390: 369: 363: 357: 343: 333: 307: 301: 51: 45: 658:), and loanwords including personal names ( 1767: 1545: 1434: 1246: 1232: 1224: 211: 36: 1005:International Encyclopedia of Linguistics 912: 910: 908: 906: 904: 902: 900: 898: 896: 894: 399:, which border with Rusyn and the Polish 243:východoslovenské nárečia, východniarčina 224:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger 963: 961: 959: 957: 955: 953: 919:"Nárečový svojraz východného Slovenska" 890: 2087:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony 1210: 1199: 338:("The Slovak in America"), founded in 1049: 1047: 999: 997: 970:"Eastern Slovak dialects (in Slovak)" 148: 7: 453:In addition, most scholars now view 300:in the late 19th century, including 348:(American-Slovak News), founded in 946:. Bratislava: Veda.: Ed. I. Ripka. 25: 431:), including the Košice dialect ( 1026:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp.  365:Amerikanszko-Szlovenszke Novini 1947:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin 856:Eastern Slovak (Šariš dialect) 395:), to the east of the town of 1: 706:Especially in Abov dialects, 415:), spoken around the city of 2082:Slavic second palatalization 1085:Lifanov, Konstantin (2006). 517:, and sometimes also before 497:always realised as softened 345:Amerikánsko-Slovenské noviny 309:Amerikánsko-Slovenské Noviny 2077:Slavic first palatalization 596:when softened, realised as 412:šarišské nárečia, šariština 27:Group of dialects of Slovak 2203: 1018:Kamusella, Tomasz (2009). 306:("Slovak in America") and 29: 2150: 1869:Slavic dialects of Greece 968:Buffa, Ferdinand (1962). 392:spišské nárečia, spiština 210: 44: 944:Slovenská dialektológia 350:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 47:východoslovenské nárečia 340:Plymouth, Massachusetts 235:Eastern Slovak dialects 917:Polívka E.; Vindiš I. 878: 863: 842: 836: 830: 824: 807: 801: 791: 785: 779: 773: 767: 761: 755: 749: 743: 722: 716: 710:is always realised as 695: 689: 683: 670:) in Eastern dialects. 666: 660: 650: 632: 622: 612: 606: 569: 563: 557: 551: 545: 539: 533: 527: 445: 433: 427: 411: 391: 370: 364: 358: 344: 334: 308: 302: 245:) are dialects of the 242: 52: 46: 2000:Taimyr Pidgin Russian 942:Štolc, Jozef (1994). 644:can only be found in 521:, often assimilating 354:Hungarian orthography 2187:Vulnerable languages 690:soldza, sliza, silza 342:in 1889, as well as 2026:Pan-Slavic language 1825:Burgenland Croatian 1705:Marcho-Magdeburgian 1302:Old Church Slavonic 1062:(3). Archived from 977:Vlastivedný Časopis 461:Linguistic features 2112:Illič-Svityč's law 2092:Monophthongization 1600:Camaldolese Slovak 1413:Canadian Ukrainian 1279:Up to Proto-Slavic 1272:Proto-Balto-Slavic 1145:slovakvamerike.com 1066:on 29 October 2014 654:= the cooing of a 636:). The consonants 446:zemplínské nárečia 359:Szlovjak v Amerike 2164: 2163: 2157:extinct languages 1988:Solombala English 1919: 1918: 1842:Prekmurje Slovene 1755: 1754: 1535: 1534: 1389:Doukhobor Russian 1312:Glagolitic script 324:, as codified by 265:, in the east of 232: 231: 16:(Redirected from 2194: 2058:Slavonic-Serbian 1909:Cieszyn Silesian 1780:Carpathian Rusyn 1768: 1546: 1435: 1320:Modern languages 1255:Slavic languages 1248: 1241: 1234: 1225: 1219: 1218: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1166:Brill Publishers 1155: 1149: 1148: 1137: 1131: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1121: 1112: 1106: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1091: 1082: 1076: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1051: 1042: 1041: 1025: 1015: 1009: 1008: 1001: 992: 991: 989: 987: 974: 965: 948: 947: 939: 933: 932: 930: 928: 923: 914: 882: 867: 845: 839: 833: 827: 810: 804: 794: 788: 782: 776: 770: 764: 758: 752: 746: 725: 719: 698: 692: 686: 669: 663: 653: 635: 625: 615: 609: 572: 566: 560: 554: 548: 542: 536: 530: 448: 441:Zemplín dialects 436: 430: 414: 394: 373: 371:Slovák v Amerike 367: 361: 347: 337: 335:Slovák v Amerike 311: 305: 303:Slovák v Amerike 226: 215: 192: 173: 95: 55: 49: 37: 32:Slovjak movement 21: 2202: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2192: 2191: 2182:Slovak dialects 2177:Slovak language 2167: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2146: 2069: 2063: 2017: 2010: 1940:Bohemian Romani 1925:Mixed languages 1915: 1892:Pannonian Rusyn 1873: 1815:Banat Bulgarian 1801: 1763: 1751: 1721: 1619: 1611:Pannonian Rusyn 1531: 1474: 1456: 1424: 1384:Alaskan Russian 1359:Old Novgorodian 1352:Old East Slavic 1325: 1307:Cyrillic script 1297:Church Slavonic 1257: 1252: 1222: 1213:value: length ( 1208: 1198: 1188: 1186: 1176: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1099: 1097: 1089: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1069: 1067: 1053: 1052: 1045: 1038: 1017: 1016: 1012: 1003: 1002: 995: 985: 983: 972: 967: 966: 951: 941: 940: 936: 926: 924: 921: 916: 915: 892: 888: 871:Standard Slovak 853: 818:is realised as 463: 455:Pannonian Rusyn 434:košické nárečia 428:abovské nárečia 380: 322:Slovak language 318: 290:noun declension 247:Slovak language 228: 227: 218: 188: 185: 169: 156:Pannonian Rusyn 145: 96: 93:Language family 91: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2200: 2198: 2190: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2169: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2137:Van Wijk's law 2134: 2132:Ruki sound law 2129: 2127:Pedersen's law 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2073: 2071: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2054: 2047: 2040: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2022: 2020: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2008: 2003: 1996: 1991: 1984: 1977: 1972: 1970:Romano-Serbian 1967: 1962: 1957: 1950: 1943: 1935: 1929: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1913: 1912: 1911: 1901: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1887:Eastern Slovak 1883: 1881: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1828: 1827: 1817: 1811: 1809: 1803: 1802: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1776: 1774: 1765: 1761:Microlanguages 1757: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1737: 1731: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1697: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1664: 1663: 1662: 1655: 1648: 1643: 1632:East Lechitic 1629: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1606:Eastern Slovak 1603: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1587:White Croatian 1584: 1579: 1572: 1565: 1563:Biblical Czech 1554: 1552: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1495:Serbo-Croatian 1492: 1484: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1466: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1443: 1441: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1400: 1395: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1371: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1335: 1333: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1294: 1282: 1275: 1267: 1265: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1250: 1243: 1236: 1228: 1221: 1220: 1174: 1150: 1132: 1115:Lunt, Horace. 1107: 1077: 1043: 1037:978-0230550704 1036: 1010: 993: 949: 934: 889: 887: 884: 875: 874: 872: 860: 859: 857: 852: 849: 848: 847: 812: 727: 704: 687:(tear) can be 671: 578: 479: 473: 462: 459: 451: 450: 438: 420: 407:Šariš dialects 404: 379: 376: 317: 314: 273:and more with 230: 229: 217: 216: 208: 207: 202: 194: 193: 186: 181: 178: 177: 174: 166: 165: 164:Language codes 161: 160: 159: 158: 151: 147: 146: 144: 143: 142: 141: 140: 139: 138: 137: 136: 135: 134: 133: 131:Eastern Slovak 99: 97: 90: 87: 86: 69: 65: 64: 61: 60:Native to 57: 56: 53:východniarčina 42: 41: 40:Eastern Slovak 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2199: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2122:Meillet's law 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2013: 2007: 2004: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1989: 1985: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1942: 1941: 1938:20th century 1936: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1857:Slavomolisano 1855: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1798: 1797:West Polesian 1795: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1740:Lower Sorbian 1738: 1736: 1735:Upper Sorbian 1733: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1700:West Lechitic 1698: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1659:Middle Polish 1656: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1631: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1528: 1525: 1521: 1520:Slavomolisano 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1490: 1489:Alpine Slavic 1486: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1419: 1418:Simple speech 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1344:Simple speech 1342: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1274: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1216: 1203: 1196: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1162: 1154: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1136: 1133: 1118: 1111: 1108: 1095: 1094:Slovenská Reč 1088: 1081: 1078: 1065: 1061: 1060:Slovenská Reč 1057: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1014: 1011: 1006: 1000: 998: 994: 982: 978: 971: 964: 962: 960: 958: 956: 954: 950: 945: 938: 935: 920: 913: 911: 909: 907: 905: 903: 901: 899: 897: 895: 891: 885: 883: 881: 873: 870: 869: 868: 866: 858: 855: 854: 850: 844: 838: 832: 826: 821: 817: 813: 809: 803: 798: 793: 787: 781: 775: 769: 763: 757: 751: 745: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 718: 713: 709: 705: 702: 701:Lach dialects 697: 691: 685: 680: 676: 672: 668: 662: 657: 652: 647: 643: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 608: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 576: 571: 565: 559: 553: 547: 541: 535: 529: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 477: 474: 471: 468: 467: 466: 460: 458: 456: 447: 442: 439: 435: 429: 424: 423:Abov dialects 421: 418: 413: 408: 405: 402: 398: 393: 388: 387:Spiš dialects 385: 384: 383: 377: 375: 372: 366: 360: 355: 351: 346: 341: 336: 330: 327: 323: 320:The standard 315: 313: 310: 304: 299: 298:United States 294: 291: 287: 282: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 225: 222: 214: 209: 206: 203: 201: 200: 195: 191: 187: 184: 183:Linguist List 179: 175: 172: 167: 162: 157: 154: 153: 152: 132: 129: 128: 127: 124: 123: 122: 119: 118: 117: 114: 113: 112: 109: 108: 107: 104: 103: 102: 101:Indo-European 98: 94: 88: 85: 81: 77: 73: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 48: 43: 38: 33: 19: 2152: 2142:Winter's law 2102:Havlík's law 2056: 2049: 2042: 1998: 1986: 1979: 1954:Mednyj Aleut 1952: 1945: 1937: 1886: 1807:South Slavic 1764:and dialects 1671: 1657: 1650: 1605: 1598: 1574: 1569:Czechoslovak 1567: 1550:Czech-Slovak 1487: 1462:Transitional 1430:South Slavic 1366: 1357: 1350: 1318: 1286:Proto-Slavic 1284: 1277: 1270: 1193: 1187:. 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Index

Slovjak
Slovjak movement
Spiš
Šariš
Zemplín
Abov
Language family
Indo-European
Balto-Slavic
Slavic
West Slavic
Czech–Slovak
Slovak
Pannonian Rusyn
ISO 639-3
Linguist List
slk-esl
Glottolog

UNESCO
Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
Slovak
Slovak language
Spiš
Šariš
Zemplín
Abov
Slovakia
Czech
Polish

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