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schools, the implementation of the game as media in
English lessons of fifth graders not only improved the students' vocabulary but also stimulated their interest and excitement about the learning process. Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University found that pre-schoolers from low income backgrounds who played an hour of numerical board games like snakes and ladders matched the performance of their middle-class counterparts by showing improvements in counting and recognizing number shapes. An eco-inspired version of the game was also used to teach students and teachers about climate change and environmental sustainability.
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379:. The décor and art of the early English boards of the 20th century reflect this relationship. By the 1940s very few pictorial references to Indian culture remained, due to the economic demands of the war and the collapse of British rule in India. Although the game's sense of morality has lasted through the game's generations, the physical allusions to religious and philosophical thought in the game as presented in Indian models appear to have all but faded. There has even been evidence of a possible Buddhist version of the game existing in India during the Pala-Sena time period.
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557:(ox-plow) track from the bottom to the top of the playing area, passing once through every square. If, on completion of a move, a player's token lands on the lower-numbered end of a "ladder", the player moves the token up to the ladder's higher-numbered square. If the player lands on the higher-numbered square of a "snake" (or chute), the player moves the token down to the snake's lower-numbered square.
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lessons: squares on the bottom of the ladders show a child doing a good or sensible deed, at the top of the ladder there is an image of the child enjoying the reward; squares at the top of the chutes show children engaging in mischievous or foolish behavior, on the bottom of the chute the image shows
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which, unlike the original game, involves skill. Instead of tokens for each player, there is a store of indistinguishable tokens shared by all players. The illustration has five tokens (and a five by five board). There is no die to roll; instead, the player chooses any token and moves it one to four
367:
When the game was brought to
England, the Indian virtues and vices were replaced by English ones in hopes of better reflecting Victorian doctrines of morality. Squares of Fulfilment, Grace and Success were accessible by ladders of Thrift, Penitence and Industry and snakes of Indulgence, Disobedience
204:
The game is a simple race based on sheer luck, and it is popular with young children. The historic version had its roots in morality lessons, on which a player's progression up the board represented a life journey complicated by virtues (ladders) and vices (snakes). The game is also sold under other
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has 100 squares, with 19 chutes and ladders. A player will need an average of 39.2 spins to move from the starting point, which is off the board, to square 100. A two-player game is expected to end in 47.76 moves with a 50.9% chance of winning for the first player. These calculations are based on a
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in 1892. The game has also been interpreted and used as a tool for teaching the effects of good deeds versus bad. The board was covered with symbolic images used in ancient India, the top featuring gods, angels, and majestic beings, while the rest of the board was covered with pictures of animals,
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The phrase "back to square one" originated in the game of snakes and ladders, or at least was influenced by it – the earliest attestation of the phrase refers to the game: "Withal he has the problem of maintaining the interest of the reader who is always being sent back to square one in a sort of
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Even though the concept of major virtues against vices and related
Eastern spiritualism is not much emphasized in modern incarnations of the game, the central mechanism of snakes and ladders makes it an effective tool for teaching young children about various subjects. In two separate Indonesian
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The size of the grid varies, but is most commonly 8×8, 10×10 or 12×12 squares. Boards have snakes and ladders starting and ending on different squares; both factors affect the duration of play. Each player is represented by a distinct game piece token. A single die is rolled to determine random
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with a free and adaptive game project. This refers on the one hand to systemic game pedagogy. The players and the educators develop the game from ground up and set the rules. The second element of the Monza project is mathematization. Over several years, teachers and learners abstract the game
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Variants exists where a player must roll the exact number to reach the final square. Depending on the variation, if the die roll is too large, the token either remains in place or goes off the final square and back again. (For example, if a player requiring a
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in the 1890s. It is played on a game board with numbered, gridded squares. A number of "ladders" and "snakes" are pictured on the board, each connecting two specific board squares. The object of the game is to navigate one's game piece, according to
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as lower forms of life. The number of ladders was fewer than the number of snakes as a reminder that a path of good is much more difficult to tread than a path of sins. Presumably, reaching the last square (number 100) represented the attainment of
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flowers and people. The ladders represented virtues such as generosity, faith, and humility, while the snakes represented vices such as lust, anger, murder, and theft. The morality lesson of the game was that a person can attain liberation (
944:
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Yuliana, Ita, "The
Implementation of Snakes And Ladders Game to Improve Students' Vocabulary Among the Fifth Grade Students of SD N Bapangsari in the Academic Year 2012/2013". SCRIPTA – Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris 1.2 (2013).
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is rolled, the player, after moving, immediately rolls again for another turn; otherwise play passes to the next player in turn. The player who is first to bring their token to the last square of the track is the winner.
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and
Indolence caused one to end up in Illness, Disgrace and Poverty. While the Indian version of the game had snakes outnumbering ladders, the English counterpart was more forgiving as it contained equal numbers of each.
271:, or destiny and desire. It emphasized destiny, as opposed to games such as pachisi, which focused on life as a mixture of skill (free will) and luck. The underlying ideals of the game inspired a version introduced in
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Each player starts with a token on the starting square (usually the "1" grid square in the bottom left corner, or simply, at the edge of the board next to the "1" grid square). Players take turns rolling a single
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Sari, Candrika Citra, and Siti
Muniroh. "Developing snake and ladder game board as a media to teach english vocabulary to elementary school students". SKRIPSI Jurusan Sastra Inggris-Fakultas Sastra UM (2012).
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In Canada the game has been traditionally sold as "Snakes and
Ladders" and produced by the Canada Games Company. Several Canada-specific versions have been produced over the years, including a version with
639:
Black children were depicted in the Milton
Bradley game for the first time in 1974. There have been many pop culture versions of the game, with graphics featuring such children's television characters as
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in 1943. The playground setting replaced the snakes, which were thought to be disliked by children at the time. It is played on a 10x10 board, and players advance their pieces according to a
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variant where throwing a six does not lead to an additional roll; and where the player must roll the exact number to reach square 100 and if they overshoot it their counter does not move.
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Siegler, Robert S., and Ramani, Geetha B., "Playing Linear
Numerical Board Games Promotes Low-income Children’s Numerical Development". Developmental Science 11.5 (2008): 655-61. Web.
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to move their token by the number of squares indicated by the die rolled. Tokens follow a fixed route marked on the gameboard which usually follows a
702:, since from any square the odds of moving to any other square are fixed and independent of any previous game history. The Milton Bradley version of
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An early
British version of the game depicts the path of a young boy and girl making their way through a cartoon railroad and train system.
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248:). It made its way to England and was sold as "Snakes and Ladders", then the basic concept was introduced in the United States as
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rolls, from the start (bottom square) to the finish (top square), helped by climbing ladders but hindered by falling down snakes.
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652:. It has been marketed as "The Classic Up and Down Game for Preschoolers". In 1999, Hasbro released Chutes and Ladders for PCs.
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is required to win), a player can end up further away from the final square after their move, than before it.
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Schick, Irvin Cemil. "Chess of the Gnostics: The Sufi Version of Snakes and Ladders in Turkey and India." In
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Masters, James. "Moksha-Patamu (Snakes and Ladders)." The Online Guide to Traditional Games. N.p., n.d. Web.
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Parlett (1999), p. 91: "An additional throw is conferred by a six if one die is used, or a double if two."
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movement of a player's token in the traditional form of play; two dice may be used for a shorter game.
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Shimkhada, Deepak (1983), "A Preliminary Study of the Game of Karma in India, Nepal, and Tibet" in
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838:
1202:
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Althoen, S.C.; King, L.; Schilling, K. (March 1993). "How Long Is a Game of Snakes and Ladders?".
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Play = Learning : How Play Motivates and Enhances Children’s Cognitive and Social-Emotional Growth
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games made from cardboard were distributed on the back of egg boxes as part of a promotion.
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Snakes and ladders originated as part of a family of Indian dice board games that included
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Hugh-Jones, E.M. (June 1952). "The American Economy, 1860–1940. by A. J. Youngson Brown".
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Morrison, Sarah, "Battling climate-change: How snakes and ladders could save the planet".
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544:. The illustrations show good deeds and their rewards; bad deeds and their consequences.
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896:, Vanina Kopp and Elizabeth Lapina, eds. (Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2020), 173–216.
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Topsfield, Andrew (2006), "Snakes and Ladders in India: Some Further Discoveries" in
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spaces. Whoever moves the last token to the Home space (i.e. the last number) wins.
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364:'s quest to leave behind the trappings of worldly life and achieve union with God.
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37:"Chutes and Ladders" redirects here. For the American Horror Story episode, see
1203:"Probabilités et espérances dans le jeu de serpents et échelles à deux joueurs"
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festival in order to stay awake during the night. In Bengali-speaking regions,
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The cumulative probability of finishing a game of snakes and ladders by turn N
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2012:
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Einführung in die Spielpädagogik (3., aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage.)
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The most widely known edition of snakes and ladders in the United States is
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347654229_Monza_-_parlor_game
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Topsfield, Andrew (1985), "The Indian Game of Snakes and Ladders" in
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Singer, D. G., Michnick Golinkoff, R. & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2006).:
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equipment, showing children climbing ladders and descending chutes.
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which was published by the Milton Bradley Company starting in 1943.
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Any version of snakes and ladders can be represented exactly as an
402:(the ladder to salvation) in Telugu. In Hindi, this game is called
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Games and Visual Culture in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
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The association of Britain's snakes and ladders with India and
1034:. Elliott Avedon Museum & Archive of Games. Archived from
1230:
1135:. Bad Heilbrunn: Verlag Julius Klinkhard, ISBN 978-3825241995
1400:
Berlekamp, Elwyn R; Conway, John H; Guy, Richard K (1982).
2300:
1321:
Dictionary of toys and games in American popular culture
1148:. New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-530438-1.
1115:
Meyer, S. L., Rickenbacher, L. & Zürcher, E. (2020).
869:
Religions in Play: Games, Rituals, and Virtual Worlds
280:) through doing good, whereas by doing evil one will
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rather than a die. The theme of the board design is
317:, (game of wisdom), the version associated with the
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375:began with the returning of colonial families from
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80:
69:
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255:The game was popular in ancient India by the name
599:, the authors propose a variant which they call
453:In the original game the squares of virtue are:
184:regarded today as a worldwide classic. The game
792:"Chutes and Ladders from Milton Bradley (1943)"
920:The art of play. Board and card games of India
682:experiences into the language of mathematics.
2316:
1478:
677:Meyer et al. (2020) explored on the basis of
8:
3345:Winston Steinburger and Sir Dudley Ding Dong
1166:(478). The Mathematical Association: 71–76.
913:
911:
48:
1119:. HfHnews, (25) / Zurich. available under:
872:. Theologischer Verlag Zürich. p. 94.
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2285:Licensed or not originally published by MB
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259:. It was also associated with traditional
54:
39:Chutes and Ladders (American Horror Story)
1005:
1003:
1001:
750:"Chutes and Ladders – Snakes and Ladders"
731:, Canada, named after snakes and ladders.
717:intellectual game of snakes and ladders."
636:the children suffering the consequences.
1404:Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays
689:
666:During the early 1990s in South Africa,
1376:Rebirth: The Tibetan Game of Liberation
1279:Freehill-Maye, Lynn (26 January 2016).
866:Bornet, Philippe; Burger, Maya (2012).
824:. Devdutt Pattanaik. 17 September 2007.
741:
473:(78). The squares of vice or evil are:
47:
1026:
1024:
833:
831:
7:
2290:Only in the United States and Canada
1281:"In Toronto Cafes, Board Games Rule"
1011:At 50, Still Climbing, Still Sliding
949:[Moksha board of Shapludu].
360:philosophy, the game represents the
770:, Brockhampton Press, p. 162,
422:and is often played by devotees of
205:names, such as the morality-themed
32:Snakes and ladders (disambiguation)
845:. Exeter Books. pp. 134–135.
344:and exists in various versions in
25:
1347:The Oxford History of Board Games
1053:. R&L Education. p. 35.
822:"Playing with fate and free will"
631:The artwork on the board teaches
3620:(except Japan and parts of Asia)
3602:
3601:
3358:
3209:Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom
2272:
2271:
2190:
1450:
1343:(1999). "Snakes & Ladders".
1215:from the original on 2022-10-09.
790:Coopee, Todd (2 December 2019).
386:, this game is popularly called
321:, encompassed the concepts like
1564:Broadsides and Boarding Parties
1374:Tatz, Mark; Kent, Jody (1977).
1317:Augustyn, Frederick J (2004).
841:(1983). "Snakes and Ladders".
766:(1994), "Snakes and Ladders",
64:on cloth (India, 19th century)
1:
538:
3681:Milton Bradley Company games
3263:Kiya & the Kimoja Heroes
377:India during the British Raj
356:. In this version, based on
60:Game of Snakes and ladders,
41:. For the song by Korn, see
3686:Products introduced in 1943
1662:Go to the Head of the Class
1049:Hinebaugh, Jeffrey (2009).
397:
389:
186:originated in ancient India
3702:
2133:Jordan vs Bird: One on One
1578:The Checkered Game of Life
1201:Audet, Daniel (Dec 2012).
943:Alimuzzaman (6 May 2020).
918:Topsfield, Andrew (2006).
811:Augustyn (2004), pp. 27–28
305:National Museum, New Delhi
36:
29:
3656:Roll-and-move board games
3597:
3356:
2267:
2188:
336:A version popular in the
192:, and was brought to the
76:2nd century CE to present
53:
43:Shoots and Ladders (song)
27:Ancient Indian board game
3507:Hasbro Family Game Night
1160:The Mathematical Gazette
1051:A Board Game Education P
945:
768:The Family Book of Games
660:runs instead of snakes.
398:Paramapada Sopāna Paṭamu
289:(spiritual liberation).
3646:Traditional board games
3460:Archetype Entertainment
3270:The Magic Hockey Skates
2461:Glitter Force Doki-Doki
1440:66:1, pp. 143–179.
1433:46:3, pp. 203–226.
1426:44:4, pp. 308–322.
1353:Oxford University Press
1252:(246). Wiley: 411–414.
727:chain headquartered in
686:Mathematics of the game
3641:Children's board games
3237:Dungeons & Dragons
3099:Pretty Pretty Princess
1918:Heads Up Action Soccer
1781:Pretty Pretty Princess
1592:Conquest of the Empire
1494:Milton Bradley Company
1131:Heimlich, U. (2015).:
700:absorbing Markov chain
695:
545:
307:
303:version of the game),
2879:Don't Spill the Beans
1992:Don't Spill the Beans
1106:, 14 April 2013. Web.
922:. Marg Publications.
693:
532:
295:
238:(known in English as
3455:Wizards of the Coast
3407:Hasbro Entertainment
3277:Magic: The Gathering
2942:Hungry Hungry Hippos
2823:Chutes & Ladders
2695:Treehouse Detectives
2640:Rom the Space Knight
2506:Kota the triceratops
2433:A Real American Hero
2020:Hungry Hungry Hippos
1459:at Wikimedia Commons
1246:The Economic Journal
1226:"Back to square one"
1038:on 20 February 2008.
1032:"Snakes and Ladders"
946:সাপলুডুর মক্সা বোর্ড
30:For other uses, see
3584:Saban Capital Group
3498:Television programs
3412:Astley Baker Davies
2872:Don't Break the Ice
2249:McLoughlin Brothers
1767:Pirate and Traveler
1613:Don't Break the Ice
1117:Monza - Parlor Game
721:Snakes & Lattes
418:the game is called
50:
3666:Indian board games
3223:Cupcake & Dino
1872:Voice of the Mummy
1823:Snakes and ladders
1457:Snakes and ladders
1408:. Academic Press.
1285:The New York Times
1015:The New York Times
843:The Boardgame Book
711:In popular culture
704:Chutes and Ladders
696:
679:Chutes and Ladders
668:Chutes and Ladders
614:Chutes and Ladders
601:Adders-and-Ladders
546:
535:Chutes and Ladders
432:Vaikuntha Ekadashi
342:shatranj al-'urafa
340:world is known as
308:
250:Chutes and Ladders
208:Chutes and Ladders
174:Snakes and ladders
163:Chutes and Ladders
49:Snakes and ladders
18:Snakes and Ladders
3671:Indian inventions
3628:
3627:
3615:(U.S. and Canada)
3443:Tiger Electronics
3354:
3353:
2858:Crocodile Dentist
2774:Barrel of Monkeys
2767:Axis & Allies
2760:Ants in the Pants
2670:Stretch Armstrong
2521:Littlest Pet Shop
2298:
2297:
2237:Related companies
2228:Gamemaster Series
2186:
2185:
2066:Barrel of Monkeys
1978:Ants in the Pants
1536:Axis & Allies
1522:13 Dead End Drive
1455:Media related to
1325:. Haworth Press.
1231:The Phrase Finder
1009:Slesin, Suzanne.
985:boardgamegeek.com
643:Dora the Explorer
608:Specific editions
442:, it is known as
273:Victorian England
171:
170:
16:(Redirected from
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3605:
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3589:Lionsgate Canada
3417:Discovery Family
3362:
2963:The Game of Life
2865:Designer's World
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2325:
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2275:
2274:
2223:Company building
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2112:California Games
2080:Buffalo Bill Gun
1903:Electronic games
1655:Fortress America
1634:Enchanted Palace
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1378:. Anchor Press.
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1191:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1113:
1107:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1028:
1019:
1007:
996:
995:
993:
991:
977:
971:
968:
962:
961:
959:
957:
940:
934:
933:
915:
906:
903:
897:
890:
884:
883:
863:
857:
856:
835:
826:
825:
818:
812:
809:
800:
799:
787:
781:
780:
760:
754:
753:
746:
543:
540:
404:Saanp aur Seedhi
400:
392:
261:Hindu philosophy
180:for two or more
58:
51:
21:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3611:
3593:
3552:Hasbro Universe
3540:
3514:
3476:
3438:Parker Brothers
3389:
3383:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3350:
3284:Mighty Machines
3216:The Big Knights
3189:
3156:Trivial Pursuit
3116:(US and Canada)
2921:Hi Ho! Cherry-O
2731:
2660:Starting Lineup
2583:Equestria Girls
2496:Kibaoh Klashers
2420:FurReal Friends
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2334:
2329:
2299:
2294:
2281:
2263:
2254:Parker Brothers
2232:
2211:
2195:
2182:
2166:
2119:Captain Skyhawk
2085:
2053:
1965:
1898:
1858:Trump: The Game
1732:Mystery Mansion
1690:Hi Ho! Cherry-O
1641:Fireball Island
1502:
1496:
1491:
1447:
1416:
1399:
1396:
1394:Further reading
1386:
1373:
1367:
1339:
1333:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1258:10.2307/2227038
1243:
1242:
1238:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1172:10.2307/3619261
1157:
1156:
1152:
1143:
1139:
1130:
1126:
1114:
1110:
1104:The Independent
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1008:
999:
989:
987:
981:"BoardGameGeek"
979:
978:
974:
969:
965:
955:
953:
947:
942:
941:
937:
930:
917:
916:
909:
904:
900:
891:
887:
880:
865:
864:
860:
853:
837:
836:
829:
820:
819:
815:
810:
803:
789:
788:
784:
778:
764:Pritchard, D.B.
762:
761:
757:
748:
747:
743:
738:
725:board game café
713:
688:
610:
578:to win rolls a
571:
541:
533:Milton Bradley
527:
319:Jain philosophy
226:
217:
167:
102:
65:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3699:
3697:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3651:Tabletop games
3648:
3643:
3633:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3610:
3609:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3574:Control-Vision
3571:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3522:
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3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3470:Invoke Studios
3467:
3465:D&D Beyond
3462:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3433:Milton Bradley
3427:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3414:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3365:
3364:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3303:Pat & Stan
3299:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3190:
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3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3007:
3006:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
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2938:
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2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
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2861:
2854:
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2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2665:Stickle Bricks
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2595:My Pet Monster
2592:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2578:My Little Pony
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
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2471:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2450:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2410:Easy-Bake Oven
2407:
2402:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2348:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2279:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2216:Related topics
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2207:Milton Bradley
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2140:Marble Madness
2136:
2129:
2126:Digger T. Rock
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
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1623:
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1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
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1567:
1560:
1553:
1550:Battle Masters
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1515:
1508:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1446:
1445:External links
1443:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1414:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1371:
1365:
1341:Parlett, David
1337:
1331:
1306:
1305:
1271:
1236:
1234:, Gary Martin.
1218:
1193:
1150:
1137:
1124:
1108:
1095:
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1041:
1020:
1018:, 15 July 1993
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618:Milton Bradley
616:, released by
609:
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526:
523:
450:respectively.
384:Andhra Pradesh
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194:United Kingdom
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3698:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3676:Markov models
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
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3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
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3554:
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3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3526:Auto Assembly
3524:
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3521:
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3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
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3456:
3453:
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3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3429:Hasbro Games
3428:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3402:Cranium, Inc.
3400:
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3380:
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3304:
3300:
3298:
3295:
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3292:
3291:Ninja Express
3288:
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3143:
3139:
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3136:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3106:Scattergories
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3075:
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3013:
3009:
3005:
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3001:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2988:
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2656:
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2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:Power Rangers
2628:
2626:
2625:Pound Puppies
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
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2598:
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2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Mister Frosty
2556:
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2529:
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2477:
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2463:
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2458:
2457:
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2455:
2454:Glitter Force
2451:
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2400:
2396:
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2386:
2384:
2383:Battle Trolls
2381:
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1825:
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1813:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1802:Scotland Yard
1799:
1797:
1796:
1795:Scattergories
1792:
1790:
1789:
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1782:
1778:
1776:
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1771:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1753:Pass the Pigs
1750:
1748:
1747:
1746:Park and Shop
1743:
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1734:
1733:
1729:
1727:
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3502:Video games
3388:Subsidiaries
3368:Distributed
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3026:Nerf Blaster
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3019:Mystery Date
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2970:Mall Madness
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2700:Transformers
2680:Talk 'n Play
2675:Super Soaker
2610:Poppin' Park
2609:
2588:MoonDreamers
2568:Monster Face
2557:
2553:Mighty Muggs
2532:Luna Petunia
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2526:Lost Kitties
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2511:Lincoln Logs
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2339:Intellectual
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1879:Which Witch?
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1844:Thunder Road
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1774:Power Barons
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1725:Mystery Date
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1711:Mall Madness
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1311:Bibliography
1310:
1309:
1296:. Retrieved
1284:
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1036:the original
1013:
988:. Retrieved
984:
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954:. Retrieved
950:
938:
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888:
868:
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816:
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785:
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752:. About.com.
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613:
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596:Winning Ways
594:
593:In the book
592:
587:
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547:
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475:Disobedience
474:
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420:Parama padam
419:
411:
408:Saanp Seedhi
407:
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373:gyan chauper
372:
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315:jnan chauper
314:
311:Gyan chauper
310:
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297:Gyan chaupar
296:
286:
268:
264:
263:contrasting
257:Moksha Patam
256:
254:
249:
243:
231:gyan chauper
229:
227:
218:
207:
206:
203:
190:Moksha Patam
189:
173:
172:
162:
159:Moksha Patam
123:Playing time
70:Years active
3519:Conventions
3481:Other media
3397:Avalon Hill
3338:Void Rivals
3331:Tractor Tom
3297:Odd-Paw Vet
3004:My Monopoly
2984:Microvision
2753:Aggravation
2717:VR Troopers
2712:Visionaries
2650:Sit 'n Spin
2620:Potato Head
2479:Inhumanoids
2388:Beetleborgs
2161:World Games
2090:Video games
1970:Other games
1939:Microvision
1830:Square Mile
1529:Aggravation
1514:Board games
1355:. pp.
951:Kishore Alo
796:ToyTales.ca
542: 1952
495:Drunkenness
459:Reliability
436:West Bengal
430:during the
147:observation
3661:Race games
3635:Categories
3557:Comic Book
3390:and brands
3324:Ricky Zoom
3061:Perfection
3012:Mouse Trap
2914:Guess Who?
2900:Gator Golf
2886:Easy Money
2809:Candy Land
2781:Battleship
2722:Watchimals
2705:Beast Wars
2655:Spirograph
2563:Monkgomery
2548:Micronauts
2516:Lite-Brite
2490:Julius Jr.
2378:Baby Alive
2363:Action Man
2341:properties
2073:Mr. Bucket
2006:Gator Golf
1760:Perfection
1718:Mouse Trap
1669:Guess Who?
1627:Easy Money
1606:Dark Tower
1557:Battleship
1543:Battle Cry
839:Bell, R.C.
736:References
626:playground
569:Variations
537:gameboard
517:(95), and
471:Asceticism
469:(76), and
463:Generosity
444:Shap Shiri
440:Bangladesh
416:Tamil Nadu
178:board game
118:Negligible
115:Setup time
88:Board game
3450:Playskool
3372:by Hasbro
3370:worldwide
3310:Peppa Pig
3067:Pictureka
3047:Parcheesi
3033:Operation
2956:Lazer Tag
2935:Heroscape
2928:HeroQuest
2907:Girl Talk
2802:Buckaroo!
2685:Tinkertoy
2373:Army Ants
2347:by Hasbro
2343:currently
2259:Playskool
2154:Time Lord
2041:Knock Out
2013:Heroscape
1985:Buckaroo!
1960:Star Bird
1739:Operation
1683:HeroQuest
1599:Crossfire
1571:Candyland
1501:Products
1298:24 August
1293:0362-4331
990:24 August
483:Vulgarity
467:Knowledge
412:Mokshapat
282:be reborn
245:Parcheesi
215:Equipment
110:2 or more
98:Dice game
93:Race game
3607:Category
3569:Allspark
3545:See also
3379:Beyblade
3317:PJ Masks
3202:Alien TV
3142:Stratego
3135:Subbuteo
3113:Scrabble
3072:Pie Face
2998:Monopoly
2635:Play-Doh
2573:My Buddy
2538:M.A.S.K.
2474:Inchworm
2469:Hanazuki
2441:Glo Worm
2426:G.I. Joe
2405:DohVinci
2277:Category
2171:Consoles
2034:KerPlunk
1999:Downfall
1911:Big Trak
1837:Stratego
1809:Scrabble
1676:Headache
1210:Archived
1188:65071163
658:toboggan
633:morality
525:Gameplay
448:Shapludu
153:Synonyms
143:Counting
134:Complete
3562:Energon
3256:Kaijudo
3184:Yahtzee
3177:Upwords
3170:Twister
3163:Trouble
3054:Pay Day
2851:Cranium
2746:Acquire
2645:Robotix
2615:Popples
2345:managed
2178:Vectrex
2048:Twister
1893:Yahtzee
1865:Upwords
1266:2227038
1180:3619261
729:Toronto
622:spinner
586:when a
362:dervish
236:pachisi
224:History
182:players
107:Players
62:gouache
3579:Galoob
3531:BotCon
3488:Comics
3425:Kenner
3243:Exodus
3128:Sorry!
2991:Milton
2977:Merlin
2893:Elefun
2844:Cootie
2795:Bop It
2788:Boggle
2727:Weeble
2600:NakNak
2447:GoBots
2393:Blythe
2368:Alphie
2332:Hasbro
2244:Hasbro
2200:People
2098:Abadox
1932:Milton
1925:Merlin
1816:Shogun
1788:Rack-O
1412:
1382:
1363:
1329:
1291:
1264:
1186:
1178:
1057:
956:9 June
926:
876:
849:
774:
521:(99).
513:(92),
509:(84),
505:(73),
503:Murder
501:(69),
497:(62),
493:(58),
489:(52),
485:(49),
481:(44),
479:Vanity
477:(41),
465:(57),
461:(51),
457:(12),
428:Vishnu
354:Turkey
352:, and
338:Muslim
330:Moksha
287:Moksha
278:Moksha
139:Skills
131:Chance
81:Genres
3536:TFcon
3493:Films
3419:(40%)
3194:Other
3149:Taboo
3121:Simon
3040:Ouija
2949:Jenga
2737:Games
2690:Tonka
2543:Maxie
2501:Koosh
2415:Furby
2399:Cubix
2105:Cabal
2027:Jenga
1953:Simon
1697:Hotel
1648:Focus
1357:91–94
1262:JSTOR
1213:(PDF)
1206:(PDF)
1184:S2CID
1176:JSTOR
723:is a
560:If a
515:Pride
511:Greed
491:Lying
487:Theft
455:Faith
424:Hindu
414:. In
346:India
324:karma
313:, or
265:karma
176:is a
3249:Humf
3092:Rook
3085:Risk
2830:Clue
2605:Nerf
2355:Toys
2058:Toys
1946:OMNI
1505:list
1410:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1361:ISBN
1327:ISBN
1300:2020
1289:ISSN
1084:Web.
1074:Web.
1055:ISBN
992:2020
958:2021
924:ISBN
874:ISBN
847:ISBN
772:ISBN
646:and
519:Lust
507:Rage
499:Debt
426:god
410:and
358:sufi
350:Iran
327:and
301:Jain
269:kama
267:and
242:and
240:Ludo
234:and
3078:Pit
2484:Jem
1886:Why
1254:doi
1168:doi
551:die
446:or
394:or
382:In
199:die
188:as
3637::
1359:.
1351:.
1287:.
1283:.
1260:.
1250:62
1248:.
1228:,
1182:.
1174:.
1164:77
1162:.
1023:^
1000:^
983:.
910:^
830:^
804:^
794:.
539:c.
406:,
348:,
333:.
252:.
145:,
2324:e
2317:t
2310:v
1507:)
1503:(
1486:e
1479:t
1472:v
1418:.
1388:.
1369:.
1335:.
1302:.
1268:.
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1190:.
1170::
1063:.
994:.
960:.
932:.
882:.
855:.
798:.
588:1
584:5
580:5
576:3
562:6
299:(
45:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
