31:
394:
80:
201:
55:
295:
and the underwing is white. Their iris is brown and their bill orange with a yellow tip and a black band separating the colors. Their legs and feet are reddish orange. Non-breeding adults are similar to breeding ones, but with a grayer stripe on the face, more intense silvery on the primaries, and a
434:
has assessed the snowy-crowned tern as being of Least
Concern. It has a fairly large range. Its population is estimated at below 6700 mature individuals and is believed to be stable. "The species only nests in large wetlands, suggesting habitat loss, especially through abstraction of surface water
286:
The snowy-crowned tern is 28 to 35 cm (11 to 14 in) long with a wingspan of 76 to 78 cm (30 to 31 in) and weighs 146 to 160 g (5.1 to 5.6 oz). It has a rather blocky head, a thick neck, long wings, and a forked tail. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults in breeding
384:). It builds a floating platform nest in shallow water, either free-floating or anchored to emergent vegetation. Both sexes vigorously defend the nest. The clutch size is two to four eggs, but usually three. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.
532:
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. 30 January 2023. Species Lists of Birds for South
American Countries and Territories.
547:
Bridge, Eli S.; Jones, Andrew W.; Baker, Allan J. (2005). "A phylogenetic framework for the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution".
364:
The snowy-crowned tern feeds mostly on fish but also on insects. It forages over shallow water along the edges of wetlands, rivers, and lagoons and over plowed fields. It takes fish by
376:
The snowy-crowned tern's breeding biology is not fully understood. Its breeding season appears to include
October to December. It nests in colonies, often sharing areas with
617:), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
849:
888:
30:
343:
The snowy-crowned tern inhabits coastal and inland wetlands both fresh and saline, though it favors freshwater landscapes. It mostly breeds on lagoons in the
981:
296:
black bill with a yellowish tip. Juveniles have a black and white pattern on their back, a black band near the end of the tail, a black bill, and dark legs.
274:
in 1838. He had been sent a specimen by his friend Dr. James de Berty
Trudeau (1817–1887) of Louisiana, who had reportedly found several of the terns at
1016:
823:
862:
287:
plumage have a white head and neck with a black band through the eye. Their upperparts are pale gray with a whitish rump and uppertail
1006:
645:
1011:
940:
810:
333:
243:
Some genetic data indicate that the snowy-crowned tern and several other closely related terns belong in a genus separate from
867:
991:
748:
231:, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. It is native to Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and possibly Paraguay, and also
893:
1001:
901:
79:
996:
337:
906:
735:
662:
753:
305:
174:
478:
422:
The snowy-crowned tern's call is "a series of rapid notes "je-je-je-je", or a short, grating "jeeer"."
945:
797:
727:
709:
700:
275:
325:
313:
267:
44:
932:
332:. Undocumented sight records in Paraguay lead the South American Classification Committee of the
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232:
190:
74:
854:
914:
880:
771:
641:
564:
377:
321:
292:
248:
919:
589:
556:
473:
329:
304:
The snowy-crowned tern breeds from southeastern Brazil south through
Uruguay to Argentina's
740:
986:
534:
131:
455:
714:
317:
288:
256:
975:
875:
464:
365:
316:. Outside the breeding season it ranges along the Atlantic coast as far north as the
64:
59:
583:
776:
393:
200:
958:
815:
763:
407:
927:
836:
694:
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291:. Their underparts are grayish white. Their upperwing is pale gray with silvery
953:
685:
348:
309:
260:
224:
91:
568:
679:
613:
Gochfeld, M., J. Burger, and E. F. J. Garcia (2020). Snowy-crowned Tern (
340:
of New Jersey is not supported by any documented North
American records.
111:
618:
828:
722:
228:
141:
344:
151:
101:
841:
656:
789:
784:
802:
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121:
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435:
for agricultural use, may be a potentially serious problem."
503:
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2023).
336:
to treat it as hypothetical in that country. The purported
324:
in Peru. It has appeared as a vagrant as far south as the
535:
https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm
38:
Adult feeding a juvenile in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
669:
278:, New Jersey. Audubon named the bird in his honor.
479:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694651A132565263.en
320:area and on the Pacific coast as far north as the
387:
528:
526:
505:"Noddies, skimmers, gulls, terns, skuas, auks"
8:
308:and also in Chile between the provinces of
657:
631:
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627:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
408:Listen to snowy-crowned tern on xeno-canto
199:
53:
29:
20:
640:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 373.
498:
496:
477:
351:but also on islands in coastal lagoons.
443:
449:
447:
247:. At the least, the snowy-crowned and
619:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.truter.01
549:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
223:, is a species of bird in subfamily
982:IUCN Red List least concern species
465:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
235:in Peru and the Falkland Islands.
14:
638:Seabirds: An Identification Guide
1017:Taxa named by John James Audubon
392:
78:
454:BirdLife International (2018).
334:American Ornithological Society
270:by the American ornithologist
1:
582:Audubon, John James (1844).
259:. The snowy-crowned tern is
621:retrieved February 17, 2023
561:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.12.010
266:The snowy-crowned tern was
1033:
537:retrieved January 30, 2023
1007:Birds of the South Region
588:. J.J. Audubon. pp.
472:: e.T22694651A132565263.
198:
180:
173:
75:Scientific classification
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
636:Harrison, Peter (1983).
300:Distribution and habitat
239:Taxonomy and systematics
1012:Birds described in 1838
306:Buenos Aires Province
585:The Birds of America
456:"Snowy-crowned Tern
276:Great Egg Harbor Bay
509:IOC World Bird List
326:Straits of Magellan
45:Conservation status
24:Snowy-crowned tern
992:Birds of Argentina
382:Larus maculipennis
378:brown-hooded gulls
272:John James Audubon
211:snowy-crowned tern
969:
968:
915:Open Tree of Life
663:Taxon identifiers
414:
413:
322:Department of Ica
219:), also known as
207:
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68:
1024:
1002:Birds of Uruguay
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728:98FBF9CAD70AE915
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330:Falkland Islands
203:
186:
166:S. trudeaui
83:
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57:
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959:Sterna-trudeaui
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715:Sterna_trudeaui
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671:Sterna trudeaui
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458:Sterna trudeaui
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402:Songs and calls
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268:first described
241:
216:Sterna trudeaui
194:
188:
184:Sterna trudeaui
182:
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132:Charadriiformes
77:
69:
58:
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17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
1030:
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1004:
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997:Birds of Chile
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555:(2): 459–469.
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318:Rio de Janeiro
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257:sister species
249:Forster's tern
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227:of the family
221:Trudeau's tern
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60:Least Concern
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515:February 16,
513:. Retrieved
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483:. Retrieved
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418:Vocalization
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18:
928:SeaLifeBase
902:Neotropical
837:iNaturalist
695:Wikispecies
485:17 February
328:and on the
282:Description
253:S. forsteri
976:Categories
954:Xeno-canto
439:References
314:Llanquihue
349:Patagonia
310:Aconcagua
293:primaries
261:monotypic
225:Sterninae
160:Species:
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
881:22694651
855:10190538
741:22694651
736:BirdLife
680:Wikidata
569:15804415
511:. v 13.1
372:Breeding
355:Behavior
138:Family:
112:Chordata
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
920:1031870
829:5229263
803:1049328
723:Avibase
686:Q997524
360:Feeding
289:coverts
233:vagrant
229:Laridae
191:Audubon
148:Genus:
142:Laridae
128:Order:
118:Class:
63: (
987:Sterna
946:225966
907:truter
894:297827
868:176886
811:EURING
790:truter
764:truter
644:
567:
426:Status
345:Pampas
255:) are
245:Sterna
193:, 1838
153:Sterna
941:WoRMS
933:74523
850:IRMNG
785:eBird
777:6ZSDJ
761:BOW:
754:51414
592:–106.
889:NCBI
876:IUCN
863:ITIS
842:4425
824:GBIF
816:6190
749:BOLD
642:ISBN
565:PMID
517:2023
487:2023
470:2018
432:IUCN
430:The
347:and
312:and
209:The
122:Aves
798:EoL
772:CoL
710:ADW
590:105
557:doi
474:doi
978::
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380:(
251:(
213:(
67:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
