843:
27:
158:
164:
412:
361:(BMA) over the implementation of free general practitioner consultations. Doctors refused to accept a state fee for their services arguing that the doctor–patient relationship was dependent on direct payments from the patient. It would not be until 1941 that a compromise was reached where doctors charged patients directly and the patient could then claim a social security refund.
338:) sent Savage a letter suggesting he use the term "applied Christianity" to describe the government's scheme, which was adopted by Savage. The opposition National Party were highly critical of the scheme raising concerns over the expense and criticizing the increased taxation that would result. National Party leader
240:
was not introduced until the passing of the Social
Security Act in 1938; that benefit was "payable to a person 16 years of age and over who has been in New Zealand for at least 12 months and is unemployed, is capable of and willing to undertake suitable work, and has taken reasonable steps to secure
387:
The Social
Security Act (as intended) became one of the main issues at the 1938 election campaign. Savage had used the act to set the agenda for the election which he thought would virtually guarantee Labour victory. Indeed, Labour was decisively re-elected increasing its share of the votes by 10%
284:
Savage gave a broadcast to the nation on 2 April 1938 outlining the Labour government's intentions and details of the proposed bill. He outlined the details of a comprehensive scheme of social security to provide "a condition of social security unsurpassed in any other country in the world". He
272:
which were set up to consider the matter more in depth. After much discussion and debate the committees recommended a scheme for a means-tested pension, a universal superannuation, provisions for universal medical benefits (hospital treatment, maternity benefits and general practitioner
388:
from 45 to 55 percent, though it actually did not gain any extra seats. As predicted, the expense to fund the scheme was high. It was estimated to cost £17.85 million in its first year, up from just £7.5 million per-annum spent on the previous social services.
248:
which implemented a tax-funded means tested old-age pension in 1898 and widows benefit in 1911. A limited form of payment to the unemployed was created during the Great
Depression of the early 1930s by the United/Reform Coalition.
372:
described New
Zealand as having made "the first attempt on a national scale to combine under one integrated system of economic security protection against all hazards which are covered by social insurance in other countries".
391:
The policies and emphases of the Social
Security Act would set the social pattern of New Zealand for several generations. New Zealand was to remain a government regulated welfare state until the early 1990s when new
346:
unsuccessfully parodied Savage's description calling it "applied lunacy", which earned himself public displeasure. The scheme was also criticized by the radical-left in the Labour Party with MPs
252:
The development of social security policy, a commitment which all Labour MPs were enthusiastic about, but was itself a subject of considerable division within the government. Finance
Minister
188:
342:
said Labour was wrong to claim that the benefits were free as everyone would be in the tax-gatherer's net and have to pay for everything they received. Prominent
National MP
314:
on wages from 8d in the pound to 1s and continuing the existing levy of £1 on every man over 20 years of age. To implement and administer all of the governments promises the
131:
880:
104:
779:
273:
consultations) which would all to be financed from direct taxation. At
Nordmeyer's insistence, both the health and pensions schemes were combined into one measure.
285:
stressed that the scheme had been carefully costed and was easily affordable to allay fears of tear away government spending. The details specified the following:
315:
181:
896:
83:
947:
296:
A national superannuation scheme of £10 per annum (rising by £2 10s each year to reach the same level as the old age pension) to all aged 65 and over
322:. Savage also announced that the bill would contain a provision that it would not come into force until 1 April 1939, thereby giving the opposition
937:
269:
832:
815:
805:
229:
174:
91:
326:
the opportunity to revoke it if they won the election scheduled for
October that year as an inducement to re-elect Labour for another term.
772:
632:
535:
369:
382:
319:
864:
859:
748:
705:
637:
540:
245:
225:
149:
144:
942:
216:. This act is important in the history of social welfare, as it established the first ever social security system in the world.
765:
674:
425:
911:
799:
111:
299:
All existing allowances for the unemployed, widows, orphans, veterans and the disabled were either continued or increased
932:
157:
116:
358:
498:
323:
318:
would be established which would absorb the existing
Pensions Department as well as the Employment Division of the
303:
811:
842:
693:
365:
26:
473:
503:
430:
788:
58:
41:
276:
The recommendations given became the basis of what was to be incorporated in the Social Security Act.
237:
306:
providing free hospital treatment, free medicine, a maternity benefit and subsidized doctors visits
666:
417:
257:
744:
723:
701:
670:
209:
163:
351:
265:
364:
The initiative received attention internationally as well. A 1939 government report in the
623:
347:
715:
658:
343:
293:
old age pension of £78 a year (30 shillings per week) to women over 60 and men over 65
926:
339:
213:
78:
69:
393:
253:
206:
906:
740:
407:
397:
311:
290:
126:
727:
530:
400:) superseded much of the surviving policies of the First Labour Government.
233:
627:
244:
New Zealand did have several extant social welfare benefits started by the
99:
757:
335:
499:"Cradle to grave in New Zealand - was the Welfare State born in 1938?"
261:
212:
concerning unemployment insurance which established New Zealand as a
586:
357:
The largest apprehension came from the New Zealand Branch of the
761:
310:
The scheme was to be funded by raising the existing level of
841:
268:
chaired both the caucus committee and the parliamentary
663:
Revolution: New Zealand from Fortress to Free Market
889:
873:
852:
825:
737:Milestones: Turning Points in New Zealand History
493:
491:
489:
487:
587:"Michael Joseph Savage - New Zealand in History"
524:
522:
474:"Social Security - Scope of Legislation of 1938"
354:feeling the government had not gone far enough.
773:
182:
8:
236:bonus to the unemployed. However, a regular
780:
766:
758:
189:
175:
17:
610:
572:
560:
448:
334:Reverend W. H. A. Vickery (the mayor of
441:
20:
531:"Nordmeyer, Arnold Henry - Biography"
7:
628:"Savage, Michael Joseph - Biography"
460:
633:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
536:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
256:initially proposed a contributory,
698:The Penguin History of New Zealand
478:Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
383:New Zealand general election, 1938
14:
638:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
541:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
948:Political history of New Zealand
410:
162:
156:
25:
938:Social security in New Zealand
426:National Insurance (Australia)
1:
912:Edward VIII abdication crisis
800:Prime Minister of New Zealand
722:. Wellington: Penguin Press.
112:Edward VIII abdication crisis
92:Prime Minister of New Zealand
359:British Medical Association
304:universal healthcare system
964:
806:Leader of the Labour Party
380:
316:Social Security Department
839:
795:
902:Social Security Act 1938
720:A History of New Zealand
370:Roosevelt administration
366:United States of America
203:Social Security Act 1938
122:Social Security Act 1938
107:and Arbitration Act 1936
34:This article is part of
943:1938 in New Zealand law
260:type scheme though the
230:First Labour Government
105:Industrial Conciliation
846:
743:: Mills Publications.
735:Brooking, Tom (1988).
504:The New Zealand Herald
431:Welfare in New Zealand
845:
789:Michael Joseph Savage
232:immediately issued a
150:1938 general election
145:1935 general election
79:1919 general election
59:Early life and career
43:Michael Joseph Savage
874:Leadership elections
812:Member of Parliament
320:Department of Labour
238:unemployment benefit
117:State housing scheme
933:1938 in New Zealand
507:. 14 September 2017
847:
667:Hodder Moa Beckett
585:Whitmore, Robbie.
418:New Zealand portal
396:policies (labeled
258:national insurance
246:Liberal Government
228:the newly elected
224:After winning the
920:
919:
897:Electoral history
700:. Penguin Books.
563:, pp. 157–8.
210:Act of Parliament
199:
198:
84:Electoral history
73:
51:
50:
955:
890:Related articles
782:
775:
768:
759:
754:
731:
711:
681:
680:
655:
649:
648:
646:
644:
624:Gustafson, Barry
620:
614:
608:
602:
601:
599:
597:
582:
576:
570:
564:
558:
552:
551:
549:
547:
526:
517:
516:
514:
512:
495:
482:
481:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
420:
415:
414:
413:
352:Arnold Nordmeyer
270:select committee
266:Arnold Nordmeyer
191:
184:
177:
166:
160:
66:
47:
46:
44:
37:
29:
22:
21:
18:
963:
962:
958:
957:
956:
954:
953:
952:
923:
922:
921:
916:
885:
869:
848:
837:
821:
791:
786:
751:
734:
716:Sinclair, Keith
714:
708:
692:
689:
684:
677:
669:. p. 220.
659:Russell, Marcia
657:
656:
652:
642:
640:
622:
621:
617:
609:
605:
595:
593:
584:
583:
579:
571:
567:
559:
555:
545:
543:
528:
527:
520:
510:
508:
497:
496:
485:
472:
471:
467:
459:
455:
451:, pp. 270.
447:
443:
439:
416:
411:
409:
406:
385:
379:
348:Gervan McMillan
332:
282:
222:
195:
161:
154:
136:
106:
96:
88:
63:
42:
40:
39:
38:
35:
33:
12:
11:
5:
961:
959:
951:
950:
945:
940:
935:
925:
924:
918:
917:
915:
914:
909:
904:
899:
893:
891:
887:
886:
884:
883:
877:
875:
871:
870:
868:
867:
862:
856:
854:
850:
849:
840:
838:
836:
835:
829:
827:
823:
822:
820:
819:
809:
803:
796:
793:
792:
787:
785:
784:
777:
770:
762:
756:
755:
749:
732:
712:
706:
688:
685:
683:
682:
675:
650:
615:
613:, p. 158.
603:
591:history-nz.org
577:
575:, p. 157.
565:
553:
529:Brown, Bruce.
518:
483:
465:
453:
440:
438:
435:
434:
433:
428:
422:
421:
405:
402:
378:
375:
344:Sidney Holland
331:
328:
324:National Party
308:
307:
300:
297:
294:
281:
280:Implementation
278:
221:
218:
197:
196:
194:
193:
186:
179:
171:
168:
167:
155:
153:
152:
147:
135:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
102:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
62:
61:
53:
52:
49:
48:
36:a series about
32:
30:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
960:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
928:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
892:
888:
882:
879:
878:
876:
872:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
855:
851:
844:
834:
831:
830:
828:
824:
817:
816:Auckland West
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
797:
794:
790:
783:
778:
776:
771:
769:
764:
763:
760:
752:
750:0-908722-30-3
746:
742:
738:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
707:0-14-301867-1
703:
699:
695:
694:King, Michael
691:
690:
686:
678:
672:
668:
664:
660:
654:
651:
639:
635:
634:
629:
625:
619:
616:
612:
611:Brooking 1988
607:
604:
592:
588:
581:
578:
574:
573:Brooking 1988
569:
566:
562:
561:Brooking 1988
557:
554:
542:
538:
537:
532:
525:
523:
519:
506:
505:
500:
494:
492:
490:
488:
484:
479:
475:
469:
466:
462:
457:
454:
450:
449:Sinclair 1988
445:
442:
436:
432:
429:
427:
424:
423:
419:
408:
403:
401:
399:
395:
389:
384:
376:
374:
371:
367:
362:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:Adam Hamilton
337:
329:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
305:
301:
298:
295:
292:
288:
287:
286:
279:
277:
274:
271:
267:
264:rejected it.
263:
259:
255:
250:
247:
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:1935 election
219:
217:
215:
214:welfare state
211:
208:
204:
192:
187:
185:
180:
178:
173:
172:
170:
169:
165:
159:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
141:
140:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
103:
101:
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
72:
71:
70:Auckland West
65:
64:
60:
57:
56:
55:
54:
45:
31:
28:
24:
23:
19:
16:
901:
736:
719:
697:
662:
653:
641:. Retrieved
631:
618:
606:
594:. Retrieved
590:
580:
568:
556:
544:. Retrieved
534:
509:. Retrieved
502:
477:
468:
456:
444:
390:
386:
363:
356:
333:
309:
291:means tested
283:
275:
251:
243:
241:employment"
223:
202:
200:
138:
137:
132:World War II
121:
90:
89:
67:
15:
826:Premiership
643:11 December
511:27 February
394:neo-liberal
254:Walter Nash
207:New Zealand
100:Rātana pact
68:Member for
927:Categories
907:Lee affair
741:Lower Hutt
687:References
676:1869584287
398:Ruthanasia
381:See also:
312:income tax
220:Background
127:Lee affair
853:Elections
833:1935–1940
818:(1919–40)
808:(1933–40)
802:(1935–40)
728:154283103
546:6 October
461:King 2003
234:Christmas
139:Elections
718:(1988).
696:(2003).
661:(1996).
404:See also
377:Outcomes
368:for the
330:Reaction
596:15 June
336:Kaiapoi
747:
726:
704:
673:
262:caucus
437:Notes
205:is a
881:1933
865:1938
860:1935
814:for
745:ISBN
724:OCLC
702:ISBN
671:ISBN
645:2011
598:2017
548:2012
513:2018
350:and
201:The
929::
739:.
665:.
636:.
630:.
626:.
589:.
539:.
533:.
521:^
501:.
486:^
476:.
302:A
289:A
781:e
774:t
767:v
753:.
730:.
710:.
679:.
647:.
600:.
550:.
515:.
480:.
463:.
190:e
183:t
176:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
