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out of what appeared to be necessity, but
Rauschenbusch calls Christians to return to the doctrine of "the Kingdom of God." Of course, such a replacement has cost theology and Christians at large a great deal: the way we view Jesus and the synoptic gospels, the ethical principles of Jesus, and worship rituals have all been affected by this replacement. In promoting a return to the doctrine of the "Kingdom of God", he clarified that the "Kingdom of God": is not subject to the pitfalls of the Church; it can test and correct the Church; is a prophetic, future-focused ideology and a revolutionary, social and political force that understands all creation to be sacred; and it can help save the problematic, sinful social order.
368:(1867–1940) of Seattle's First Presbyterian Church was a leading city reformer, who investigated red light districts and crime scenes, denouncing corrupt politicians, businessmen, and saloon keepers. With 10,000 members, his was the largest Presbyterian Church in the country, and he was selected the national moderator in 1912. He built a model church, with night schools, unemployment bureaus, kindergarten, an anti-tuberculosis clinic, and the nation's first church-owned radio station. Matthews was the most influential clergymen in the Pacific Northwest, and one of the most active Social Gospelers in America.
362:
Church became a spokesman, 1884 to 1894 for labor unions on issues such as worker's compensation. His middle-class congregation encouraged Reed to move on when he became a socialist, and he organized a nondenominational church. The
Baptist minister Jim Goodhart set up an employment bureau, and provided food and lodging for tramps and hobos at the mission he ran. He became city chaplain and director of public welfare of Denver in 1918. Besides these Protestants, Reform Jews and Catholics helped build Denver's social welfare system in the early 20th century.
328:. They helped the poor and immigrants improve their lives. Settlement houses offered services such as daycare, education, and health care to needy people in slum neighborhoods. The YMCA was created originally to help rural youth adjust to the city without losing their religious faith, but by the 1890s became a powerful instrument of the Social Gospel. Nearly all the denominations (including Catholics) engaged in foreign missions, which often had a social gospel component in terms especially of medical uplift. The Black denominations, especially the
556:", the Canadian Council of Child Welfare, opposed "a widening of social security protection..." and "continued to impede the implementation of provincial mothers' pensions", instead pressing for the "traditional private charity" model. Charlotte Whitton argued that children should be removed from their homes "instead of paying money to needy parents" Charlotte Whitton, as Christie and Gauvreau point out, was also a member of the SSC, The SSC's mandate included the "intensive Christian conquest of Canada".
372:
Church, South, took on new responsibilities with the enlargement and professionalization of missionary women's roles starting in 1886 with the
Southern Methodist Woman's Parsonage and Home Mission Society. By 1900, says historian Edward Ayers, the white Baptists, although they were the most conservative of all the denominations in the South, became steadily more concerned with social issues, taking stands on "temperance, gambling, illegal corruption, public morality, orphans and the elderly."
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281:(1917), Rauschenbusch takes up the task of creating "a systematic theology large enough to match and vital enough to back it." He believed that the social gospel would be "a permanent addition to our spiritual outlook and that its arrival constitutes a state in the development of the Christian religion", and thus a systematic tool for using it was necessary.
288:, Rauschenbusch states that the individualistic gospel has made sinfulness of the individual clear, but it has not shed light on institutionalized sinfulness: "It has not evoked faith in the will and power of God to redeem the permanent institutions of human society from their inherited guilt of oppression and extortion." This ideology would be inherited by
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Both parties returned to a traditional
Christian teaching of "social pluralism" or "subsidiarity," which stressed the dependence and participation of the individual in family, church, school, business, and other associations. Both parties stressed the responsibility of the state to respect and protect the "individual in community."
817:
gospel movements and neo-Calvinism. Catholic political activism emerged principally in Italy, France, and Spain under the inspiration of both Rerum
Novarum and its early progeny and of neo-Thomism. Both formed political parties, which now fall under the general egis of the Christian Democratic Party movement.
203:, the poor could develop talents and skills, causing the quality of their moral lives to improve. Important concerns of the Social Gospel movement were labor reforms such as abolishing child labor and regulating the hours of work by mothers. By 1920, they were crusading against the 12-hour day for workers at
361:
led the
Methodist People's Tabernacle from 1885 to 1910. He established a free dispensary for medical emergencies, an employment bureau for job seekers, a summer camp for children, night schools for extended learning, and English language classes for immigrants. Myron Reed of the First Congregational
193:
The great ends of the church are the proclamation of the gospel for the salvation of humankind; the shelter, nurture, and spiritual fellowship of the children of God; the maintenance of divine worship; the preservation of truth; the promotion of social righteousness; and the exhibition of the
Kingdom
820:
Both
Protestant and Catholic parties inveighed against the reductionist extremes and social failures of liberal democracies and social democracies. Liberal democracies, they believed, had sacrificed the community for the individual; social democracies had sacrificed the individual for the community.
551:
minister, introduced universal medicare, family allowance and old age pensions. This political party has since largely lost its religious basis, and became a secular social democratic party. The Social
Service Council (SSC) was the "reforming arm of Protestantism in Canada", and promoted idea of the
198:
In the late 19th century, many
Protestants were disgusted by the poverty level and the low quality of living in the slums. The social gospel movement provided a religious rationale for action to address those concerns. Activists in the Social Gospel movement hoped that, if by public measures as well
816:
Concurrent with this missionary movement in Africa, both Protestant and Catholic political activists helped to restore democracy to war-torn Europe and extend it overseas. Protestant political activism emerged principally in France, the Lowlands, and Scandinavia under the inspiration of both social
298:
The "Kingdom of God" is crucial to Rauschenbusch's proposed theology of the social gospel. He states that the ideology and doctrine of "the Kingdom of God," of which Jesus Christ reportedly "always spoke" has been gradually replaced by that of the Church. This was done at first by the early church
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started another workers church, the "Labor Church," in 1918. Both Smith and Ivens tried to take leaves of absence from their Methodist ministries, which were initially granted. Upon a decision to bring all such special cases before the Methodist Stationing Committee, however, the decisions were
567:
Smith describes his last sermon before starting the People's Church, saying "The Church was afraid it might give offense to the rich and powerful." The People's Church was successful for a time, with People's Churches founded in Vancouver, Victoria, Edmonton, and Calgary. In Winnipeg, Methodist
371:
The American South had its own version of the Social Gospel, focusing especially on Prohibition. Other reforms included protecting young wage-earning women from the sex trade, outlawing public swearing, boxing, dogfights and similar affronts to their moral sensibilities. The Methodist Episcopal
276:
The social gospel movement was not a unified and well-focused movement, for it contained members who disagreed with the conclusions of others within the movement. Rauschenbusch stated that the movement needed "a theology to make it effective" and likewise, "theology needs the social gospel to
510:
has argued that the 20th century history of Western democracies has not vindicated the optimistic view of human nature which the social gospelers shared with the Enlightenment. Labor historians argue that the movement had little influence on the labor movement, and attribute that failure to
465:
While the Social Gospel was short-lived historically, it had a lasting impact on the policies of most of the mainline denominations in the United States. Most began programs for social reform, which led to ecumenical cooperation in 1910 while in the formation of the
261:, which would influence the actions of several actors of the social gospel. His work may be "the finest distillation of social gospel thought." Rauschenbusch railed against what he regarded as the selfishness of capitalism and promoted instead a form of
226:
was his first national call for such a universal application of Christian values in everyday life. The book began his leadership in the Social Gospel movement. Historians consider Gladden to be one of the Social Gospel movement's "founding fathers".
457:
left many disillusioned with the Social Gospel's ideals while others argue that the war stimulated the Social Gospelers' reform efforts. Theories regarding the decline of the Social Gospel after the First World War often cite the rise of
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professional elitism and a lack of understanding of the collective nature of the movement. Labor did not reject social gospellers because they were unaware of them but, rather, because their tactics and ideas were considered inadequate.
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in Washington, DC, from 1970 to 1997, who was an articulate and passionate preacher of the Social Gospel and a leading voice locally and nationally for the homeless, Central American refugees, and victims of persecution and prejudice.
336:
church (AMEZ), had active programs in support of the Social Gospel. Both evangelical ("pietistic") and liturgical ("high church") elements supported the Social Gospel, although only the pietists were active in promoting Prohibition.
428:
Because the Social Gospel was primarily concerned with the day-to-day life of laypeople, one of the ways in which it made its message heard was through labor movements. Particularly, the Social Gospel had a profound effect upon the
219:
clergyman. His words and actions earned him the title of "a pioneer" of the Social Gospel even before the term came into use. Gladden spoke up for workers and their right to organize unions.
453:
The Social Gospel movement peaked in the early 20th century, but scholars debate over when the movement began to decline, with some asserting that the destruction and trauma caused by the
652:
Protestantism. Social Gospel elements can also be found in many service and relief agencies associated with Protestant denominations and the Catholic Church in the United States.
470:. Although this cooperation was about social issues that often led to charges of socialism. It is likely that the Social Gospel's strong sense of leadership by the people led to
801:
theology, which held the Second Coming of Christ was imminent, and Christians should devote their energies to preparing for it rather than addressing the issue of social evils.
186:
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and his commitment to racial equality. The Social Gospel explicitly inspired his foreign-policy approach to a sort of Christian internationalism and nation building.
535:
minister, and Alberta MP William Irvine. Woodsworth wrote extensively about the social gospel from experiences gained while working with immigrant slum dwellers in
411:'s Sojourners organization's Call to Renewal and more local organizations like the Virginia Interfaith Center. Another modern example can be found in the work of
2949:
563:, the People's Church attempted to provide an alternative to the traditional church, which Smith viewed as unconcerned with social issues. In his autobiography
396:, who added a new concern with African Americans. After 1940, the movement lessened, but it was invigorated in the 1950s by black leaders like Baptist minister
712:
2259:
609:, one of the leading early theologians of the Social Gospel in the United States, indicated that his theology had been inspired by Sheldon's novels.
94:. It was most prominent in the early 20th-century United States and Canada. Theologically, advocates of the movement sought to put into practice the
2944:
471:
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The Social Gospel was a significant influence in the formation of the People's Church in Brandon, Manitoba, in 1919. Started by Methodist minister
754:
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For Gladden, the "Christian law covers every relation of life" including the relationship between employers and their employees. His 1877 book
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Jesus Christ and the Social Question: An Examination of the Teaching of Jesus in Its Relation to Some of the Problems of Modern Social Life
1801:
2325:"The Social Gospel and Socialism: A Comparison of the Thought of Francis Greenwood Peabody, Washington Gladden, and Walter Rauschenbusch"
616:
produced many of the written works that defined the theology of the Social Gospel movement and gave it public prominence. These included
2813:
520:
1867:"From the Social Gospel to 'The Plain Bread of Leninism': A.E. Smith's Journey to the Left in the Epoch of Reaction after World War I"
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to transform social problems into moral problems. This helps explain his longtime commitment to social justice, as exemplified by the
182:
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movement. After 1980, it weakened again as a major force inside mainstream churches; indeed, those churches were losing strength.
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from 1904 to 1913. His writings called for the Kingdom of God "here and now". This political party took power in the province of
475:
333:
1907:
605:" In his personal life, Sheldon was committed to Christian socialism and identified strongly with the Social Gospel movement.
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524:
235:
Another of the defining theologians for the Social Gospel movement was Walter Rauschenbusch, a Baptist pastor of the Second
216:
2964:
1663:
The Decline and Revival of the Social Gospel: Social and Political Liberalism in American Protestant Churches, 1920–1940
682:
430:
416:
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political ideology among Protestants and Catholics in Europe. Many of the Social Gospel's ideas also reappeared in the
1931:
Muller, Dorothea R. (1959). "The Social Philosophy of Josiah Strong: Social Christianity and American Progressivism".
467:
329:
250:
In 1892, Rauschenbusch and several other leading writers and advocates of the Social Gospel formed a group called the
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The Social Gospel Movement has been described as "the most distinctive American contribution to world Christianity."
613:
501:
251:
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2156:
687:
127:
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John R. Aiken, and James R. McDonnell, "Walter Rauschenbusch and labor reform: A social Gospeller's approach."
677:
1692:
Embattled Ecumenism: The National Council of Churches, the Vietnam War, and the Trials of the Protestant Left
722:
2251:
2496:
Hutchison, William R. (1975). "The Americanness of the Social Gospel; An Inquiry in Comparative History".
1998:
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A Crown of Service: A story of women's work in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, from 1878–1940
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779:
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717:
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445:, himself firmly anti-union, who believed "that the organized shops destroyed individual freedom."
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2018:
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139:
91:
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Smith, Gary Scott (1991). "To Reconstruct the World: Walter Rauschenbusch and Social Change".
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Russell, C. Allyn (1979). "Mark Allison Matthews: Seattle Fundamentalist and Civic Reformer".
2010:
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Latta, Maurice C. (1936). "The Background for the Social Gospel in American Protestantism".
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2387:. Contributions in American History. Vol. 181. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
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1940:
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254:. Pastors and leaders will join the organization to debate and implement the social gospel.
95:
43:
478:. Biographer Randall Woods argues that Social Gospel themes learned from childhood allowed
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The Social Uplifters: Presbyterian Progressives and the Social Gospel in Canada, 1875–1915
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A Full-Orbed Christianity: The Protestant Churches and Social Welfare in Canada, 1900–1940
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346:
35:
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957:
102:): "Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven". They typically were
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306:, who was with everyone equally and considered people as a subject of love and service.
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131:
67:
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In this book, he explains that Christians must be like the Almighty who became man in
17:
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1968:
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The age of social responsibility: the social gospel in the progressive era, 1900–1920
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of the 1960s. "Social Gospel" principles continue to inspire newer movements such as
483:
459:
434:
385:
244:
135:
107:
83:
39:
1828:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press (published 1998).
1980:
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442:
438:
401:
303:
163:
99:
87:
47:
2901:
2677:
Rader, Benjamin G. (1966). "Richard T. Ely: Lay Spokesman for the Social Gospel".
1513:
437:, which was a pro-Christian group who "preached unionization like a revival." In
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774:
325:
111:
79:
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Evangelicals at a Crossroads: Revivalism and Social Reform in Boston, 1860–1910
2138:
Civic Passions: Seven Who Launched Progressive America (and What They Teach Us)
2072:
2067:. Vol. 2. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. pp. 738–740.
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Many reformers inspired by the movement opened settlement houses, most notably
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321:
204:
63:
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2698:
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2517:
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2014:
2001:; Blade, Robert E. (1998). "The Great Ends of the Church: Two Perspectives".
1952:
1890:
2173:
Liberty and Justice for All: Racial Reform and the Social Gospel (1877–1925)
663:
532:
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which had the aim of combating injustice, suffering and poverty in society.
75:
2093:(2005). "Ohio 1903: Heartland of Progressive Reform". In Parker, Geoffrey;
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Examples of the Social Gospel's continued influence can still be found in
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174:
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when it came to their views on social issues. Important leaders included
118:. Its leaders were predominantly associated with the liberal wing of the
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2220:
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1898:
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2525:
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1960:
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that supported the creation of labor unions and cooperative economics.
59:
2258:. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina: National Humanities Center.
1826:
The Social Gospel in Black and White American Racial Reform, 1885–1912
114:
by human effort. The Social Gospel was more popular among clergy than
1882:
1368:
Reinhold Niebuhr, "Walter Rauschenbusch in historical perspective."
2690:
2592:
Modern American Religion. Volume 2: The Noise of Conflict, 1919–1941
2554:
2509:
2340:
1944:
2141:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press.
2099:
Ohio and the World, 1753–2053: Essays toward a New History of Ohio
1848:
Modern American Religion. Volume 1: The Irony of It All, 1893–1919
1764:
The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865–1915
115:
2299:
A Consuming Faith: The Social Gospel and Modern American Culture
1742:(3rd ed.). Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
1723:
1158:
A Consuming Faith: The Social Gospel and Modern American Culture
648:
In the United States, the Social Gospel is still influential in
384:
of the 1930s, Social Gospel themes could be seen in the work of
71:
1792:(2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
980:
Encyclopedia of Populism in America: A Historical Encyclopedia
2860:
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The Social Task of Christianity: A Summons to the New Crusade
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1066:
952:
950:
2416:
The Making of a Socialist: The Recollections of T.C. Douglas
1914:. Regina, Saskatchewan: University of Regina. Archived from
1003:
1001:
2491:. Durham, New Hampshire: University of New Hampshire Press.
1655:
Case Critical: Social Services and Social Justice in Canada
492:
The Social Gospel, after 1945, influenced the formation of
2185:
The Social Gospel: Religion and Reform in Changing America
2101:. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University. pp. 95–128.
527:, was founded on social gospel principles in the 1930s by
2315:
Deichmann, Wendy J., and Carolyn DeSwarte Gifford, eds.,
1850:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (published 1997).
1616:
Bonner, Jeremy (2004). "Religion". In Newby, Rick (ed.).
2385:
Socialism and Christianity in Early 20th Century America
1694:. DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press.
1514:"Memorable Manitobans: William 'Bill' Ivens (1878–1957)"
1009:
Theology in a Global Context: The Last Two Hundred Years
441:, this movement was counteracted by bringing revivalist
2301:. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.
1597:
The Promise of the New South: Life after Reconstruction
523:, a political party that was later reformulated as the
1340:
1338:
474:, and that the emphasis it placed on morality led to
2619:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press
2059:
Shepherd, Samuel C. Jr. (2007). "Social Gospel". In
1685:. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press.
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1057:
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as a contributing factor in the movement's decline.
224:
The Christian Way: Whither It Leads and How to Go On
1293:
581:The Social Gospel theme is reflected in the novels
552:social gospel. Under the "aggressive leadership of
2419:. Edmonton, Alberta: University of Alberta Press.
2219:
1761:
1748:
1594:
349:, the Social Gospel was the religious wing of the
2436:The Social Gospel in American Religion: A History
1631:. Vol. 6. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research.
1562:The Social Gospel in American Religion: A History
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1768:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
1475:
1463:
1160:, University of Missouri Press, US, 2001, p. 111
814:
292:and civil rights advocates and leaders such as
110:could not happen until humankind rid itself of
2161:The Background of the Social Gospel in America
1011:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, US, 2005, p. 145
978:Alexandra Kindell, Elizabeth S. Demers Ph.D.,
189:described their goals in 1910 by proclaiming:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1072:
8:
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2201:Christianity and Democracy in Global Context
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1672:Christie, Nancy; Gauvreau, Michael (2001) .
1317:
1281:
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1790:Christianity: A Social and Cultural History
1657:(5th ed.). Toronto: Between The Lines.
905:
2471:Who Wrote the Bible? A Book for the People
1740:The Emergence of Social Security in Canada
1583:A Religious History of the American People
995:, Mercer University Press, US, 1988, p. 18
713:Christian Social Union (Church of England)
357:, was a center of Social Gospel activism.
1620:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
2595:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1538:, Infobase Publishing, USA, 2005, p. 500
1499:
1305:
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1217:
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929:
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433:(AFL). The AFL began a movement called
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2319:(University of Illinois Press, 2003).
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2203:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
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1329:
1309:
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1193:
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853:
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521:Cooperative Commonwealth Federation
181:The Social Gospel affected much of
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622:Christianity and the Social Crisis
345:In the United States prior to the
259:Christianity and the Social Crisis
25:
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2910:
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279:A Theology for the Social Gospel
270:A Theology for the Social Gospel
231:Walter Rauschenbusch (1861–1918)
2945:Christian theological movements
2032:Journal of Presbyterian History
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1549:Encyclopedia of Global Religion
638:The Social Task of Christianity
626:Christianizing the Social Order
257:In 1907, he published the book
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1806:Dictionary of American History
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1681:Evans, Christopher H. (2001).
1:
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568:minister and Social Gospeler
106:; that is, they believed the
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2317:Gender and the Social Gospel
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1476:Christie & Gauvreau 2001
1464:Christie & Gauvreau 2001
1396:"A Brief History of the NDP"
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683:Catholic temperance movement
543:in 1944. This group, led by
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468:Federal Council of Churches
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330:African Methodist Episcopal
126:, although a few were also
2981:
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2218:Woods, Randall B. (2006).
2157:Visser 't Hooft, Willem A.
2073:10.4135/9781412952620.n405
1906:Mooney, Elizabeth (2006).
614:Brotherhood of the Kingdom
502:Christians Against Poverty
313:
252:Brotherhood of the Kingdom
2749:. New York: Pilgrim Press
2456:Fraser, Brian J. (1990).
1618:The Rocky Mountain Region
688:Catholic Workers Movement
2806:"Social Gospel Movement"
1372:(1958) 27#4 pp. 527–536.
1318:White & Hopkins 1975
1282:White & Hopkins 1975
844:, pp. 206, 220–221.
678:Catholic social teaching
601:, who coined the motto "
194:of Heaven to the world.
2960:Protestantism in Canada
2955:Progressivism in Canada
2323:Dorn, Jacob H. (1993).
2135:Tichi, Cecelia (2009).
1683:The Social Gospel Today
906:Rogers & Blade 1998
723:Christian vegetarianism
324:in Chicago operated by
217:American Congregational
50:, especially issues of
2643:. New York: Macmillan.
2297:Curtis, Susan (1991).
2116:Smith, Albert (1949).
1865:Mitchell, Tom (1994).
1738:Guest, Dennis (1997).
1690:Gill, Jill K. (2011).
1560:Christopher H. Evans,
1020:Christopher H. Evans,
823:
398:Martin Luther King Jr.
294:Martin Luther King Jr.
290:liberation theologians
196:
18:Social gospel movement
2940:Christian terminology
2865:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
2746:Dare We Be Christians
2723:. New York: Macmillan
2715:Rauschenbusch, Walter
1977:Rauschenbusch, Walter
1667:online free to borrow
1653:Carniol, Ben (2005).
1385:11.2 (1970): 131–150.
529:J. S. Woodsworth
498:Civil Rights Movement
332:church (AME) and the
191:
124:theologically liberal
2810:Ohio History Central
2383: , ed. (1998).
1665:(Cornell UP, 1956).
1294:Visser 't Hooft 1928
932:, pp. 252, 292.
908:, pp. 181, 183.
739:The Gospel of Wealth
618:Walter Rauschenbusch
607:Walter Rauschenbusch
603:What would Jesus do?
525:New Democratic Party
351:progressive movement
172:, which sparked the
169:Progress and Poverty
160:Charles Oliver Brown
144:Walter Rauschenbusch
120:progressive movement
2965:Socialism in Canada
2763:Sheldon, Charles M.
2466:Gladden, Washington
2411:Douglas, T. C.
2276:Batten, Samuel Zane
2091:Sklar, Kathryn Kish
2061:Goldfield, David R.
1871:Labour / Le Travail
1784:; Frost, Jerry W.;
1710:Gladden, Washington
1579:Ahlstrom, Sydney E.
1502:, pp. 129–143.
1268:, pp. 479–480.
1147:, pp. 134–137.
1135:, pp. 133–134.
991:Donald K. Gorrell,
920:, pp. 356–357.
780:Temperance movement
765:Prosperity theology
718:Christian socialism
670:Christianity portal
634:The New Citizenship
628:(1912), as well as
494:Christian democracy
415:, senior pastor of
394:Mary McLeod Bethune
316:Settlement movement
310:Settlement movement
263:Christian socialism
76:unclean environment
56:economic inequality
42:that aims to apply
1918:on 9 November 2016
1798:Kutler, Stanley I.
1534:J. Gordon Melton,
1145:Rauschenbusch 1917
1133:Rauschenbusch 1917
1121:Rauschenbusch 1917
1109:Rauschenbusch 1917
1097:Rauschenbusch 1917
1085:Rauschenbusch 1917
1073:Rauschenbusch 1917
708:Christian pacifism
698:Christian humanism
630:Samuel Zane Batten
211:Washington Gladden
201:enforced schooling
183:Protestant America
158:was first used by
140:Washington Gladden
2845:978-0-88271-011-2
2786:Fides et Historia
2602:978-0-226-50895-5
2445:978-1-4798-6953-4
2426:978-0-88864-070-3
2394:978-0-313-30262-6
2308:978-0-8018-4167-5
2233:978-0-684-83458-0
2210:978-0-8133-1843-1
2148:978-0-8078-3300-1
2127:978-0-919396-41-8
2108:978-0-8142-0939-4
2082:978-1-4129-5262-0
1857:978-0-226-50894-8
1835:978-0-8078-4720-6
1774:Kee, Howard Clark
1701:978-0-87580-443-9
1638:978-0-7876-2546-7
1608:978-0-19-503756-2
554:Charlotte Whitton
480:Lyndon B. Johnson
277:vitalize it." In
166:'s 1879 treatise
104:postmillennialist
16:(Redirected from
2972:
2923:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2906:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2869:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2801:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2740:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2710:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2611:Mathews, Shailer
2606:
2587:Marty, Martin E.
2582:
2537:
2492:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2461:
2449:
2430:
2406:
2382:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2312:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2237:
2225:
2214:
2188:
2181:White, Ronald C.
2176:
2169:White, Ronald C.
2164:
2152:
2131:
2112:
2086:
2055:
2026:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1972:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1902:
1883:10.2307/25143791
1861:
1844:Marty, Martin E.
1839:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1793:
1782:Lindberg, Carter
1769:
1767:
1756:
1754:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1705:
1686:
1677:
1661:Carter, Paul A.
1658:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1621:
1612:
1600:
1591:Ayers, Edward L.
1586:
1565:
1558:
1552:
1545:
1539:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1392:
1386:
1379:
1373:
1370:Religion in Life
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1005:
996:
989:
983:
976:
970:
969:
967:
965:
954:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
824:
808:
802:
799:premillennialist
795:
750:Kingdom movement
745:George D. Herron
733:Evangelical left
672:
667:
666:
561:A. E. Smith
508:Reinhold Niebuhr
472:women's suffrage
366:Mark A. Matthews
355:Denver, Colorado
162:in reference to
44:Christian ethics
21:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2868:sister projects
2867:
2859:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2828:
2819:
2817:
2804:
2783:
2774:
2772:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2738:
2735:
2726:
2724:
2713:
2691:10.2307/1893930
2676:
2667:
2665:
2654:
2647:Minus, Paul M.
2634:
2631:
2622:
2620:
2609:
2603:
2585:
2555:10.2307/3160788
2540:
2510:10.2307/3164037
2495:
2486:
2477:
2475:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2433:
2427:
2409:
2395:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2367:
2341:10.2307/3168417
2322:
2309:
2296:
2287:
2285:
2274:
2265:
2263:
2249:
2245:
2243:Further reading
2240:
2234:
2217:
2211:
2197:Witte, John Jr.
2193:Witte, John Jr.
2191:
2179:
2167:
2155:
2149:
2134:
2128:
2115:
2109:
2095:Sisson, Richard
2089:
2083:
2058:
2029:
1999:Rogers, Jack B.
1997:
1988:
1986:
1975:
1945:10.2307/3161456
1930:
1921:
1919:
1908:"Social Gospel"
1905:
1864:
1858:
1842:
1836:
1822:Luker, Ralph E.
1820:
1811:
1809:
1802:"Social Gospel"
1796:
1786:Robert, Dana L.
1772:
1759:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1726:
1708:
1702:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1652:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1624:
1615:
1609:
1589:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1276:
1272:
1266:Kee et al. 1998
1264:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1064:
1058:Kee et al. 1998
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1015:
1006:
999:
990:
986:
977:
973:
963:
961:
956:
955:
948:
940:
936:
928:
924:
916:
912:
904:
900:
892:
888:
880:
876:
864:
860:
852:
848:
840:
836:
832:
827:
809:
805:
796:
792:
788:
728:Emerging church
668:
661:
658:
646:
612:Members of the
599:Charles Sheldon
579:
517:
455:First World War
451:
426:
413:John Steinbruck
378:
347:First World War
343:
318:
312:
274:
233:
213:
152:
68:racial tensions
48:social problems
36:social movement
28:
27:Social movement
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2978:
2976:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2932:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2907:
2905:from Wikiquote
2890:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2844:
2830:Strong, Josiah
2826:
2802:
2781:
2759:
2733:
2711:
2674:
2652:
2645:
2629:
2607:
2601:
2583:
2549:(3): 256–270.
2543:Church History
2538:
2504:(3): 367–381.
2498:Church History
2493:
2484:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2431:
2425:
2407:
2393:
2376:
2329:Church History
2320:
2313:
2307:
2294:
2272:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2215:
2209:
2189:
2177:
2165:
2153:
2147:
2132:
2126:
2113:
2107:
2087:
2081:
2056:
2038:(4): 446–466.
2027:
2009:(3): 181–186.
1995:
1973:
1939:(2): 183–201.
1933:Church History
1928:
1903:
1862:
1856:
1840:
1834:
1818:
1800:, ed. (2003).
1794:
1770:
1757:
1744:
1735:
1706:
1700:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1659:
1650:
1637:
1622:
1613:
1607:
1587:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1553:
1540:
1527:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1478:, p. 214.
1468:
1466:, p. 124.
1456:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1408:
1387:
1374:
1361:
1359:, p. 149.
1349:
1334:
1322:
1298:
1286:
1270:
1251:
1249:, p. 170.
1239:
1222:
1210:
1208:, p. 370.
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1156:Susan Curtis,
1149:
1137:
1125:
1123:, p. 132.
1113:
1111:, p. 131.
1101:
1089:
1077:
1062:
1060:, p. 478.
1050:
1038:
1036:, p. 739.
1026:
1013:
1007:Hans Schwarz,
997:
984:
971:
946:
944:, p. 105.
934:
922:
910:
898:
896:, p. 286.
886:
874:
858:
846:
833:
831:
828:
826:
825:
811:John Witte Jr.
803:
797:They rejected
789:
787:
784:
783:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
760:Peace churches
757:
752:
747:
742:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
703:Christian left
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
674:
673:
657:
654:
645:
642:
595:Congregational
593:(1902) by the
578:
575:
516:
513:
450:
447:
425:
422:
390:Will Alexander
377:
374:
342:
339:
314:Main article:
311:
308:
273:
267:
241:Hell's Kitchen
237:German Baptist
232:
229:
212:
209:
151:
148:
132:Richard T. Ely
122:and most were
92:dangers of war
52:social justice
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2977:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2928:
2922:from Wikidata
2921:
2920:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2863:Social Gospel
2847:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2734:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2630:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2377:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2335:(1): 82–100.
2334:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2235:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1715:Recollections
1711:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1640:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1515:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1500:Mitchell 1994
1496:
1493:
1490:, p. 60.
1489:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1454:, p. 45.
1453:
1448:
1445:
1442:, p. 59.
1441:
1436:
1433:
1430:, p. 70.
1429:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1383:Labor History
1378:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:Ahlstrom 1974
1302:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1034:Shepherd 2007
1030:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1002:
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867:
866:Ahlstrom 1974
862:
859:
856:, p. 33.
855:
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818:
812:
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577:In literature
576:
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570:William Ivens
566:
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545:Tommy Douglas
542:
538:
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460:neo-orthodoxy
456:
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436:
435:Labor Forward
432:
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187:Presbyterians
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156:Social Gospel
149:
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137:
136:Josiah Strong
133:
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117:
113:
109:
108:Second Coming
105:
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96:Lord's Prayer
93:
89:
85:
81:
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73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:Protestantism
37:
33:
32:Social Gospel
19:
2927:
2917:
2900:
2888:from Commons
2883:
2862:
2849:. Retrieved
2834:
2818:. Retrieved
2809:
2792:(2): 40–63.
2789:
2785:
2773:. Retrieved
2767:
2751:. Retrieved
2745:
2725:. Retrieved
2719:
2685:(1): 61–74.
2682:
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2660:
2648:
2640:
2621:. Retrieved
2615:
2591:
2546:
2542:
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2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2470:
2457:
2435:
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2368:. Retrieved
2332:
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2286:. Retrieved
2280:
2264:. Retrieved
2255:
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2172:
2160:
2137:
2118:Ally My Life
2117:
2098:
2064:
2035:
2031:
2006:
2002:
1987:. Retrieved
1981:
1936:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1916:the original
1911:
1874:
1870:
1847:
1825:
1810:. Retrieved
1805:
1789:
1763:
1750:
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1714:
1691:
1682:
1673:
1662:
1654:
1642:. Retrieved
1627:
1617:
1596:
1582:
1571:Bibliography
1561:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1535:
1530:
1518:. Retrieved
1507:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1452:Carniol 2005
1447:
1435:
1423:
1411:
1399:. Retrieved
1390:
1382:
1377:
1369:
1364:
1352:
1347:, p. 9.
1325:
1314:Hopkins 1940
1301:
1289:
1273:
1242:
1232:
1225:
1218:Russell 1979
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1170:Hopkins 1940
1165:
1157:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1116:
1104:
1099:, p. 5.
1092:
1087:, p. 2.
1080:
1075:, p. 1.
1053:
1041:
1029:
1021:
1016:
1008:
992:
987:
979:
974:
962:. Retrieved
937:
930:Gladden 1909
925:
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861:
849:
837:
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806:
793:
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644:21st century
637:
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625:
621:
611:
590:The Reformer
588:
584:In His Steps
582:
580:
564:
558:
541:Saskatchewan
518:
506:
491:
488:
464:
452:
443:Billy Sunday
439:Philadelphia
427:
406:
402:civil rights
379:
370:
364:
359:Thomas Uzzel
344:
341:Progressives
319:
304:Jesus Christ
301:
297:
285:
283:
278:
275:
269:
258:
256:
249:
234:
223:
221:
214:
197:
192:
180:
173:
167:
164:Henry George
155:
153:
128:conservative
112:social evils
100:Matthew 6:10
84:unionization
31:
29:
1877:: 125–151.
1778:Albu, Emily
1416:Mooney 2006
1206:Bonner 2004
1046:Kutler 2003
958:"Biography"
882:Muller 1959
775:Salem Bland
636:(1898) and
624:(1907) and
587:(1897) and
573:rescinded.
565:All My Life
476:prohibition
380:During the
326:Jane Addams
80:child labor
2934:Categories
2902:Quotations
1922:14 October
1488:Smith 1949
1440:Guest 1997
1428:Guest 1997
1401:14 October
1357:Evans 2001
1345:Witte 1993
1330:Woods 2006
1310:Handy 1966
1278:Handy 1966
1247:Ayers 1992
1194:Marty 1986
1182:Luker 1991
942:Sklar 2005
918:Byers 1998
894:Marty 1986
870:White 1990
842:Tichi 2009
830:References
409:Jim Wallis
322:Hull House
239:Church in
205:U.S. Steel
178:movement.
175:single tax
90:, and the
82:, lack of
64:alcoholism
2798:0884-5379
2699:1936-0967
2579:162333417
2563:1755-2613
2534:162701961
2518:1755-2613
2403:0084-9219
2365:154191803
2349:1755-2613
2044:0022-3883
2015:1521-9216
1969:145174362
1953:1755-2613
1891:0700-3862
854:Gill 2011
597:minister
533:Methodist
154:The term
66:, crime,
2832:(1893).
2814:Archived
2765:(1897).
2743:(1914).
2717:(1907).
2658:(1900).
2639:(1928).
2613:(1916).
2589:(1991).
2468:(1891).
2278:(1911).
2260:Archived
2171:(1990).
2159:(1928).
2052:23328145
2023:23335460
1979:(1917).
1899:25143791
1846:(1986).
1824:(1991).
1788:(1998).
1724:09028138
1712:(1909).
1593:(1992).
1581:(1974).
693:Chartism
656:See also
640:(1911).
537:Winnipeg
400:and the
382:New Deal
376:New Deal
54:such as
2851:24 July
2820:28 July
2775:24 July
2753:24 July
2727:24 July
2707:1893930
2668:24 July
2623:24 July
2571:3160788
2526:3164037
2478:24 July
2451:excerpt
2370:24 July
2357:3168417
2288:24 July
2266:28 July
2199:(ed.).
2063:(ed.).
1989:24 July
1961:3161456
1812:24 July
1729:24 July
1644:24 July
1520:24 July
964:24 July
813:wrote:
770:Quakers
650:liberal
549:Baptist
150:History
88:schools
86:, poor
60:poverty
38:within
2842:
2796:
2741:
2737:
2705:
2697:
2651:(1988)
2637:
2633:
2599:
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2569:
2561:
2532:
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2516:
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2347:
2305:
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2050:
2042:
2021:
2013:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1897:
1889:
1854:
1832:
1722:
1698:
1635:
1605:
515:Canada
392:, and
272:(1917)
185:. The
142:, and
2885:Media
2703:JSTOR
2575:S2CID
2567:JSTOR
2530:S2CID
2522:JSTOR
2361:S2CID
2353:JSTOR
2048:JSTOR
2019:JSTOR
1965:S2CID
1957:JSTOR
1895:JSTOR
786:Notes
116:laity
72:slums
34:is a
2919:Data
2853:2018
2840:ISBN
2822:2018
2794:ISSN
2777:2018
2755:2018
2729:2018
2695:ISSN
2670:2018
2625:2018
2597:ISBN
2559:ISSN
2514:ISSN
2480:2018
2440:ISBN
2421:ISBN
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2389:ISBN
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2303:ISBN
2290:2018
2268:2018
2228:ISBN
2205:ISBN
2143:ISBN
2122:ISBN
2103:ISBN
2077:ISBN
2040:ISSN
2011:ISSN
1991:2018
1949:ISSN
1924:2009
1887:ISSN
1852:ISBN
1830:ISBN
1814:2018
1731:2018
1720:LCCN
1696:ISBN
1646:2018
1633:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1522:2018
1403:2009
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531:, a
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