665:– a new realism in painting that evokes non-objectivity to experience "white emptiness of a liberated nothing," as said by Malevich himself. In nihilism, life has, in a sense, no truth, therefore no action is objectively preferable to another. Malevich's decadent painting shows the complete abandonment of depicting reality, and instead creates his own world of new form. When the painting was first exhibited, the public was in chaos, as society was in its first World War and Malevich reflected a new social revolution as a symbol of a new tomorrow, disregarding the past in order to move forward. Because of this painting and Degas's, decadence can be portrayed as a physiological foundation for nihilism, bringing out a term called "Decadent Nihilism:" existing beyond the world, and that of vain virtues. According to Nietzsche, Western metaphysical and nihilistic thought is decadent because of its confirmation from 'others' (apart from oneself) based on ideas of a nihilistic God. The extreme position an artist takes is what makes their pieces decadent.
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296:, represents "the artist…most glorious revel in Roman Decadence." To Barrow, "he authenticity of the …perhaps had little importance for the artist its appeal is the entertaining and extravagant vision it gives of later imperial Rome." Barrow also makes a point to mention "that Alma-Tadema’s Roman-subject paintings …make use of historical, literary and archaeological sources" within themselves. Thus, the presence of roses within the painting as opposed to the original "'violets and other flowers'" of the source material emphasizes how "the Roman world…h extra connotations of revelry and luxuriant excess" about them.
818:. As seen in the lives of decadents in their literary and visual art pursuit and creation, so too has the postmodernist been given more global connection and experience. During the rise of postmodernism, there has been a clear concentration of power and wealth that supported globalization. This resurgence of power to apply has restructured the desires of the disintegration-loving postmodernist, indulging themselves in all the newness of globalized life. This renewed interest in a global view of the world brought along a renewed interest in different forms of artistic representation as well.
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621:, generally, is the rejection of moral principles, ultimately believing that life is meaningless. Nihilism, for Nietzsche, was the ultimate fate of Western civilization as old values lost their influence and purpose, in turn, disappeared among society. Predicting a rise in decadence and aesthetic nihilism, creators would renounce the pursuit of beauty and instead welcome the incomprehensible chaos. In art, there have been movements connected to nihilism, such as cubism and surrealism, that pushes for abandoned viewpoints to ultimately tap into the potential of one's conscious mind.
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the school, appeal to reason and science in order to block off the paths leading (back) to power, and are quick to denounce science, power, the power of science, and above all perhaps a power which, like the triumphant technology of the moment, appeals to science in order to legitimate itself. This postmodern way of thought is guided by an anti-institutional temperament that flees competitions and hierarchies. These systems allow art to become confined by labels – postmodern work is difficult to define. In the name of the fight against
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entrepreneurial class . The values of
Decadence formed as an opposition to "those of an earlier and supposedly more vital bourgeoisie". Aesthetically, progress turns into decay, activity becomes play instead of goal-oriented work, and art becomes a way of life. To individuals that observe the changes in social structure after rapid industrialization, the idea of progress becomes something to rebel against, because this real-world progress seems to be leaving them behind.
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to portray ambiguity in random subjects that seem to be drifting between depression and euphoria. Using nihilism in a synonymously way, Degas denoted his paintings to a general mood of despair, mainly at existence as a whole. Comparing this piece to
Kazimir Malevich's "Black Square," abstract nihilistic art in the Western tradition was only beginning to take shape as the 20th century came about. Malevich's perception of this piece embraced a philosophy connected to
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178:. The Decadent title was originally used as a criticism but it was soon triumphantly adopted by some of the writers themselves. The Decadents praised artifice over nature and sophistication over simplicity, defying contemporary discourses of decline by embracing subjects and styles that their critics considered morbid and over-refined. Some of these writers were influenced by the tradition of the
870:(cinema, strip cartoons, the underground), to every-day life (street art), the personal sphere (sexuality, cosmetics, child-rearing, leisure) and the existential (the relation to nature, love, death). Their craft evolves into a way of being that directly criticizes modernist attitudes, and enables postmodern artists and writers with a newfound sense of freedom through rebellion.
617:(1844–1900), a specific philosopher of decadence, conceptualized modern decadence on a more influential scale. Holding decadence to be in any condition, ultimately limiting what something or someone can be, Nietzsche used his exploration in nihilism to critique traditional values and morals that threatened the decline in art, literature, and science.
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248:, decadence in Rome and the Victorian-era movement are connected through the idea of "decadent historicism." In particular, decadent historicism refers to the "interest among…1880s and 1890s writers in the enduring authority of perverse personas from the past" including the later Roman era. As such, Bristow's argument references how
141:, to view the past more favourably and future more negatively. Declinism has been described as "a trick of the mind" and as "an emotional strategy, something comforting to snuggle up to when the present day seems intolerably bleak." Other cognitive factors contributing to the popularity of declinism may include the
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762:(1934) which assimilate themes of incest and sexual pathology into their decadent aesthetics, with the effect of bringing European temporalities into conflict with American social modernity". Using a controversial method, Nabokov employs decadent aesthetics to document a moment of historical transition.
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had reached its highest stage and could no longer provide for the general development of society. He expected reduced vigor in economic activity and a growth in unhealthy economic phenomena, reflecting capitalism's gradually decreasing capacity to provide for social needs and preparing the ground for
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provides some insight into the attitudes of this new sub-class and its relation to post-modern theorists, embodied through students of bourgeois descent. They began to pursue their artistic interests at their schools after being shadowed academically. They are victims of verdicts which, like those of
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itself, the spirit and drive of it continued in the next end of the century. Unknowingly following in the footsteps of the decadents before them, postmodernists have subscribed to many of the same habits. Both groups have found themselves simultaneously exhausted by all the new experiences of society
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which first showed in 1876, was mocked and called disgusting when panned by critics. Some say the painting is a blow to morality, as a glass filled with
Absinthe, an alcoholic drink, rests in front of a woman at a table. Taken to be in bad faith and quite uncouth, Degas's art took decadence as a way
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to be basically correct on this question, thus accepting capitalism as a world epoch similarly to Lenin, but a world epoch from which no capitalist state can oppose or avoid being a part of. On the other hand, the theoretical framework of capitalism's decadence varies between different groups while
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Decadence offers a world-view, in that "it is an ideological phenomenon originating in the experience of a particular group, and it became the aesthetics of the upper-middle class". Changes in
European industrialization and urbanization led to the development of the proletariat, nuclear family, and
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disintegration all while enjoying the products of their dying predecessor. This ravenous eye for the new is reflective of the lives of the practicing decadent, where they too enjoyed all the new experiences offered by their own time's modernity. Both events were deeply intertwined with expanding
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in his own 'Edgar H. Humbert', as the
European aesthete embarks on his road-trip with Dolores...". The text exemplifies Nabokov's desire to replicate the many social disparities of American culture while using his character, H. Humbert, to demonstrate a lack of moral judgement. Norman continues,
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and the liquidation of 'complexes' they adopt the most external and most easily borrowed aspects of the intellectual life-style, liberated manners, cosmetic or sartorial outrages, emancipated poses and postures, and systematically apply the cultivated disposition to not-yet-legitimate culture
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purposefully exemplifies a moral decline, while simultaneously disregarding the ethics of
Nabokov’s time. The emphasis on its temporal standing in history captures an intermediate state of decadent literature itself. Norman describes that "... Nabokov reproduces the tension between American
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Decadence was the name given to a number of late nineteenth-century writers who valued artifice over the earlier
Romantics' naĂŻve view of nature. Some of them triumphantly adopted the name, referring to themselves as Decadents. For the most part, they were influenced by the tradition of the
778:. The belief that women could not separate morality from their writing due to their purposeful prose to argue for women's writes suggests a theme of misogyny, in which men excluded women from being considered Decadent writers because of the possibility of a desire for social change.
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Modernism tends to belittle popular culture through its oppressive nature, which can be seen as elitist and controlling, as it privileges certain works of art above others. As a result, postmodern artists and writers developed a contempt for the canon, rejecting tradition and
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as the dynamic historical agent, importing Poe wholesale (from caricature through to complex literary intellectual) into the present and facilitating his critique in the hands of the reader". Leaving the judgement in the hands of the reader, Nabokov uses
905:(published 2000) he describes decadent eras as times when "the forms of art as of life seem exhausted, the stages of development have been run through. Institutions function painfully." He emphasizes that "decadent" in his view is "not a
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theory. Similar to Lenin's use of it, left communists, coming from the
Communist International themselves started in fact with a theory of decadence in the first place, yet the communist left sees the theory of decadence at the heart of
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Contemporary left communist theory defends that Lenin was mistaken on his definition of imperialism (although how grave his mistake was and how much of his work on imperialism is valid varies from groups to groups) and
774:. Viola Parente-Čapková, a Lecturer from the university in Prague, Czech Republic, argues that women writers following decadent literary structure have been overlooked due to their simultaneous influence of the
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characterizes decadence as a state of "economic stagnation, institutional decay and cultural and intellectual exhaustion at a high level of material prosperity and technological development". Douthat sees the
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refers to a late 19th century movement emphasizing the need for sensationalism, egocentricity; bizarre, artificial, perverse, and exotic sensations and experiences. By extension, it may refer to a decline in
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emerges as the risky reinstatement of a transatlantic decadent tradition, in which the failure of temporal and ethical containment disrupts a dominant narrative of modernism's history in
American letters"
107:, that such declines are objectively observable and that they inevitably precede the destruction of the society in question; for this reason, modern historians use it with caution. The word originated in
1057:" had the notion of material progress and scientific advance deeply inculcated to the extent that it was an expectation. He also argued that contemporary progress was opposite the true decadence of the
1002:, exaggerated individualism, broken families and a loss of religious faith as well as „treadmill consumption, growing income-disparity, b-grade leadership“ and money as the only benchmark for value.
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423:. A few of these writers embraced the term while most avoided it. Although the aesthetics of Symbolism and Decadence can be seen as overlapping in some areas, the two remain distinct.
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The
Symbolist movement has frequently been confused with the Decadent movement. Several young writers were derisively referred to in the press as "decadent" in the mid-1880s.
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Aesthetics falling under the category of decadence often include controversy. An example of a controversial style founded through decadent literary influence is the novel,
946:, an Australian documentary and film maker, sees the western world in decay since the late 1960s. Viswalingam is the author of the six-episode documentary TV series
703:, while expressing the prose through a pedophile's narration, directly expresses Nabokov's discourse with decadent literature. According to Will Norman from the
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as reveling in luxury, in its extreme characterized by corrupting "extravagance, weakness, and sexual deviance", as well as "orgies and sensual excesses".
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Not only do the stylistic choices of literature in decadence cause ethical debate, but the presence of women in literature also causes controversy in
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1521:
The Psychology of Decadence: The Portrayal of Ancient Romans in Selected Works of Russian Literature of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
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soon afterwards. It bore the neutral meaning of decay, decrease, or decline until the late 19th century, when the influence of new theories of
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545:", the sound films, were also becoming more popular with the general public across Europe, and Berlin was producing very many of them.
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was making huge technical and artistic strides during this period of time in Berlin, and gave rise to the influential movement called
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260:(1866), was "a decadent icon" for the Victorian movement. Bristow also notes that "he image summons many qualities linked with
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took the word as a badge of pride, as a sign of their rejection of what they saw as banal "progress." In the 1880s, a group of
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to work through the complexities that decadence presents for ethical or moral obligations to society. Norman concludes, "
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Usage of the term sometimes implies moral censure, or an acceptance of the idea, met with throughout the world since
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analysis that makes an emphasis on the world market and its expansion, others hold views more in line with those of
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in the 21st century in an "age of decadence", marked by stalemate and stagnation. He is the author of the book
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898:(1907–2012) gives a definition of decadence which is independent from moral judgement. In his bestseller
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998:, „decadence depicts the west's decline“. As symptoms he names increasing suicide rates, addiction to
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had developed in and around Berlin throughout the previous decade, including architecture and design (
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860:. This disdain for privilege extended to the fields of philosophy, science, and of course, politics.
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had reached the stage where it would destroy its own prior achievements more than it would advance.
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1374:"Indirect Influence in Literature: The Case of Edgar Allan Poe, Charles Baudelaire, and Han Mac Tu"
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In Britain and Ireland the leading figure associated with the Decadent movement was Irish writer,
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1790:"Decadence and Social Change: Arthur Schnitzler's Works as an Ongoing Process of Deconstruction"
707:, the novel makes many references to prominent historical figures related to decadence, such as
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decadence …queerness" thus "inspir late-Victorian writers …they…imagine anew sexual modernity."
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and 19th and early 20th century art depicting Roman life. This criticism describes the later
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Collection of the articles of the International Communist Current on the Theory of Decadence
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1327:"Decadence, Decadentism and Decadent Romanticism in Italy: Toward a Theory of Decadence"
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1543:, Cambridge Critical Concepts, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 15–29,
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Berlin in the 1920s also proved to be a haven for English-language writers such as
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proved the decadent nature of the advanced capitalist countries to Lenin, that
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This concept of decadence dates from the eighteenth century, especially from
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rose to power in early 1933 and stamped out any and all resistance to the
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One who directly opposed the idea of decadence as expressed by Lenin was
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1415:"Nineteenth-Century Literary and Artistic Responses to Roman Decadence"
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527:), and fashion. This culture was considered decadent and disruptive by
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The philosophy of decadence comes from the work of German philosopher
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Hurst, Isobel (2019-08-22), Desmarais, Jane H.; Weir, David (eds.),
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while still putting all their efforts into experiencing it all. The
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Decadence: The Theory of Decline or the Decline of Theory? (Part I)
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According to Viswalingam, western culture started in 1215 with the
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1825:"Postmodernism as the Decadence of the Social Democratic State"
1249:"Concepts of Decadence in Nineteenth-Century French Literature"
129:
The idea that a society or institution is declining is called
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evokes the attitude and atmosphere of the place at the time.
1613:"The Scent of Roses: Alma-Tadema and the Other Side of Rome"
952:, broadcast in 2006 and 2007, and the 2011 documentary film
560:, who wrote a series of 'Berlin novels', inspiring the play
1494:
The Dedalus Book of Roman Decadence: Emperors of Debauchery
1450:"Progress and Decadence—Poststructuralism as Progressivism"
1855:
From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life
1535:
Toner, Jerry (2019), Weir, David; Desmarais, Jane (eds.),
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Decadence in Literature and Intellectual Debate since 1945
1421:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 47–65,
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Decadence, symbolist, and the fin de siècle: a notebook
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Decadence is a popular criticism of the culture of the
355:. It was taken up by critics as a term of abuse after
133:. This may be caused by the predisposition, caused by
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in general. A later generation of Romantics, such as
1953:
A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy.
1721:"Lolita's 'Time Leaks' and transatlantic decadence"
1456:, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 67–81,
1788:
1752:
1719:
1078:method as well, expressed in famous works such as
975:and culminated with the social revolutions of the
1234:The Oxford Dictionary of American Political Slang
1069:Decadence is an important aspect of contemporary
379:referred to themselves as Decadents. The classic
1448:Hoffleit, Gerald (2014), Landgraf, Diemo (ed.),
1135:with an emphasis on monopolies and the falling
800:Nearly a century after the supposed end of the
1940:Ortega y Gasset: an outline of his philosophy.
1617:Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
949:Decadence: The Meaninglessness of Modern Life
8:
1099:Preface to the Critique of Political Economy
809:is simultaneously aware of their desire for
209:'s elites, seen also in much of its earlier
954:Decadence: The Decline of the Western World
419:' manifesto was largely a response to this
2034:The Idea of Decadence in French Literature
636:Because of this, paintings like 1875-76's
566:, which was later adapted into a musical,
1970:Decadence: The Strange Life of an Epithet
1389:
27:Perceived decay of standards in a society
1672:"George Moore and Decadent Antinatalism"
580:. Spender's semi-autobiographical novel
236:Victorian-era Artwork on Roman Decadence
1759:NORA: Nordic Journal of Women's Studies
1378:Comparative Literature: East & West
1225:
1896:Molitorisz, Sacha (December 2, 2011).
1659:Weimar: A Cultural History, 1918-1933.
1111:left communist organizations like the
174:while spreading throughout Europe and
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796:Postmodernist Connection to Decadence
471:, 1919–33), a variety of literature (
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1726:European Journal of American Culture
1657:Kirkus UK review of Laqueur, Walter
903:: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life
400:. Other significant figures include
282:Heliogabalus is also the subject of
258:Heliogabalus, High Priest of the Sun
225:Heliogabalus, High Priest of the Sun
1524:. University of Wisconsin--Madison.
1288:"The Literary Concept of Decadence"
126:contributed to its modern meaning.
2048:Jacques Barzun: Portrait of a Mind
1871:Douthat, Ross (February 7, 2020).
1629:10.1111/j.2041-5370.1998.tb00729.x
25:
1898:"Society is past its use by date"
1801:(2): 37–52 – via EBSCOhost.
1292:Nineteenth-Century French Studies
332:and by the poetry and fiction of
182:and by the poetry and fiction of
292:, which, according to Professor
1751:Parente-Capkova, Viola (1998).
1591:10.25602/GOLD.V.V3I1.1401.G1515
1331:Journal of Contemporary History
1237:edited by Grant Barrett, p. 90.
1113:International Communist Current
971:, the founding of America, the
1577:Bristow, Joseph (2020-06-19).
699:, a Russian-American citizen.
1:
1676:Christianity & Literature
1391:10.1080/25723618.2021.1886440
742:joins American works such as
715:. Norman states, "... Lolita
1938:Mora, José Ferrater (1956).
1491:Geoffrey Farrington (1994).
1372:Hoang, To Mai (2021-01-02).
1174:Competence (human resources)
1053:(1930). He argued that the "
982:Since 1969, the year of the
1537:"Decadence in Ancient Rome"
1286:Kaminsky, Alice R. (1976).
909:" but "a technical label".
336:, and were associated with
114:, appeared in 16th-century
59:Romans during the Decadence
2124:
1795:Modern Austrian Literature
1343:10.1177/002200948201700104
1096:but most significantly in
912:With reference to Barzun,
729:"Nabokov's text positions
724:regionalism and modernist
523:), philosophy/psychology (
436:
430:
303:
198:
32:Decadence (disambiguation)
29:
1942:Bowes & Bowes. p. 18.
1902:The Sydney Morning Herald
1841:10.1080/10855660020028773
1771:10.1080/08038749850167897
1611:Barrow, Rosemary (1997).
1518:Patrick M. House (1996).
285:The Roses of Heliogabalus
272:The Roses of Heliogabalus
1787:Morse, Margaret (1977).
1688:10.1353/chy.2023.a904914
1670:Lockerd, Martin (2023).
1541:Decadence and Literature
1419:Decadence and Literature
1247:Smith, James M. (1953).
1050:The Revolt of the Masses
290:Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema
276:Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema
44:An orgy in Imperial Rome
2073:Chronology of Decadence
1984:Five Faces of Modernity
1738:10.1386/ejac.28.2.185_1
1462:10.1057/9781137431028_4
1325:Drake, Richard (1982).
1209:The Decline of the West
1081:The Communist Manifesto
791:Modern-day perspectives
590:Decadent Nihilistic Art
455:extended onwards until
252:, the title subject of
240:According to Professor
96:, or (very loosely) to
2019:From Dawn to Decadence
1873:"The Age of Decadence"
1773:– via EBSCOhost.
1740:– via EBSCOhost.
1579:"Decadent Historicism"
901:From Dawn to Decadence
891:
888:From Dawn to Decadence
852:
835:
749:The Sound and the Fury
633:
613:(1788–1860), however,
606:
324:
279:
232:
66:
50:
1754:"Decadent New Woman?"
1718:Norman, Will (2009).
1204:Twilight of the Idols
1127:and most importantly
996:Altamont Free Concert
881:
841:
824:
627:
597:
578:film of the same name
558:Christopher Isherwood
478:Berlin Alexanderplatz
313:
270:
223:
56:
42:
1955:Progress Publishers.
1829:Democracy and Nature
1823:Gare, Arran (2001).
1253:Studies in Philology
1045:José Ortega y Gasset
933:Simon & Schuster
929:The Decadent Society
827:One and Three Chairs
539:German Expressionism
519:, 1928), criticism (
516:The Threepenny Opera
145:as well as both the
30:For other uses, see
1951:Marx, Karl (1859).
1585:: 1–27 Pages, 4MB.
963:, continued to the
759:Tender is the Night
754:F. Scott Fitzgerald
679:Vladimir Nabokov's
669:Decadent Aesthetics
615:Friedrich Nietzsche
611:Arthur Schopenhauer
501:, 1930), painting (
385:Joris-Karl Huysmans
383:from this group is
166:intermingling with
156:In literature, the
124:social degeneration
2108:Political theories
2098:Concepts in ethics
2001:The Romantic Agony
1877:The New York Times
1164:Bread and circuses
1028:revolution in the
992:Woodstock Festival
892:
853:
836:
766:Women in Decadence
713:Charles Baudelaire
705:University of Kent
634:
607:
373:Charles Baudelaire
325:
280:
233:
207:later Roman Empire
172:Aesthetic movement
160:began in France's
139:rosy retrospection
67:
51:
48:Henryk Siemiradzki
2056:978-1-929490-41-7
1982:Matei Calinescu,
1853:Barzun, Jacques:
1550:978-1-108-42624-4
1504:978-1-873982-16-7
1471:978-1-137-43102-8
1428:978-1-108-42624-4
1199:Societal collapse
1115:hold a basically
776:feminist movement
369:Théophile Gautier
306:Decadent movement
300:Decadent movement
176:The United States
158:Decadent movement
147:positivity effect
143:reminiscence bump
16:(Redirected from
2115:
2046:Michael Murray,
1968:Richard Gilman,
1956:
1949:
1943:
1936:
1930:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
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1861:, New York 2000.
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1792:
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1369:
1363:
1362:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1244:
1238:
1230:
1194:Privilege hazard
1189:Moral relativism
1125:Nikolai Bukharin
1032:. Politically,
1000:anti-depressants
944:Pria Viswalingam
939:Pria Viswalingam
744:William Faulkner
697:Vladimir Nabokov
654:Kazimir Malevich
632:" by Edgar Degas
604:Kazimir Malevich
439:Roaring twenties
406:Aubrey Beardsley
359:used it against
135:cognitive biases
21:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2083:
2082:
2064:
1965:
1963:Further reading
1960:
1959:
1950:
1946:
1937:
1933:
1919:
1915:
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1904:
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1285:
1284:
1280:
1246:
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1241:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1184:Late capitalism
1159:Behavioral sink
1145:
1129:Henryk Grossman
1067:
1013:
1008:
988:My Lai massacre
941:
931:, published by
876:
862:Pierre Bourdieu
802:decadent period
798:
793:
726:cosmopolitanism
709:Edgar Allan Poe
676:
671:
592:
554:Stephen Spender
498:Der blaue Engel
481:, 1929), film (
449:fertile culture
445:
435:
429:
334:Edgar Allan Poe
308:
302:
294:Rosemary Barrow
238:
203:
201:Roman decadence
197:
192:
184:Edgar Allan Poe
151:negativity bias
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2121:
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2111:
2110:
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2100:
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2080:
2075:
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2063:
2062:External links
2060:
2059:
2058:
2044:
2032:A. E. Carter,
2030:
2014:Jacques Barzun
2011:
1994:
1980:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1944:
1931:
1929:. Summer 1993.
1913:
1888:
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1846:
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1732:(2): 185–204.
1701:
1682:(2): 154–173.
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1214:Degenerate art
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1176:
1171:
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1161:
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1141:
1137:rate of profit
1121:Vladimir Lenin
1108:Rosa Luxemburg
1071:left communist
1066:
1065:Left communism
1063:
1017:Vladimir Lenin
1012:
1009:
1007:
1006:Use in Marxism
1004:
940:
937:
915:New York Times
896:Jacques Barzun
894:The historian
883:Jacques Barzun
875:
874:Jacques Barzun
872:
797:
794:
792:
789:
675:
672:
670:
667:
656:were created.
591:
588:
505:), and music (
443:Weimar culture
431:Main article:
428:
425:
390:Against Nature
377:French writers
304:Main article:
301:
298:
254:Simeon Solomon
242:Joseph Bristow
237:
234:
229:Simeon Solomon
211:historiography
199:Main article:
196:
193:
191:
188:
118:, and entered
109:Medieval Latin
98:self-indulgent
64:Thomas Couture
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18:Social regress
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2009:0-19-281061-8
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1978:0-374-13567-3
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973:Enlightenment
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832:Joseph Kosuth
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808:
807:postmodernist
803:
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782:Social Change
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579:
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574:Academy Award
571:
570:
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564:
563:I Am a Camera
559:
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410:Ernest Dowson
407:
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402:Arthur Symons
399:
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366:
362:
358:
357:Désiré Nisard
354:
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331:
322:
321:FĂ©licien Rops
318:
317:
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286:
277:
273:
269:
265:
263:
262:fin-de-siècle
259:
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194:
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177:
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169:
165:
164:
163:fin de siècle
159:
154:
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148:
144:
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136:
132:
127:
125:
121:
117:
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110:
106:
105:ancient times
101:
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91:
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83:
79:
74:
73:
65:
61:
60:
55:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2047:
2033:
2017:
2000:
1983:
1969:
1952:
1947:
1939:
1934:
1924:
1916:
1905:. Retrieved
1901:
1891:
1880:. Retrieved
1876:
1866:
1854:
1849:
1835:(1): 77–99.
1832:
1828:
1798:
1794:
1762:
1758:
1746:
1729:
1725:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1620:
1616:
1582:
1554:, retrieved
1540:
1530:
1520:
1513:
1493:
1486:
1475:, retrieved
1453:
1443:
1432:, retrieved
1418:
1408:
1384:(1): 29–45.
1381:
1377:
1367:
1337:(1): 69–92.
1334:
1330:
1320:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1233:
1228:
1133:Paul Mattick
1117:Luxemburgist
1104:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1068:
1059:Roman Empire
1048:
1042:
1014:
984:moon landing
981:
958:
953:
948:
942:
928:
920:Ross Douthat
913:
911:
899:
893:
886:
885:, author of
858:essentialism
854:
842:
825:
799:
785:
781:
780:
769:
765:
764:
757:
747:
739:
735:
730:
720:
716:
700:
690:
688:
684:
680:
678:
677:
657:
650:Black Square
648:and 1915's "
639:
635:
608:
600:Black Square
581:
567:
561:
547:
533:
514:
496:
486:
476:
457:Adolf Hitler
448:
446:
433:1920s Berlin
427:1920s Berlin
414:
395:
388:
346:
342:Aestheticism
330:Gothic novel
326:
314:
283:
281:
271:
257:
256:'s painting
250:Heliogabalus
239:
224:
215:Roman Empire
204:
195:Ancient Rome
180:Gothic novel
161:
155:
128:
112:(dēcadentia)
111:
102:
71:
70:
68:
57:
43:
36:
1765:(1): 6–20.
1623:: 183–202.
1497:. Dedalus.
1179:Kleptocracy
1093:Das Kapital
1034:World War I
969:Reformation
965:Renaissance
961:Magna Carta
849:Don DeLillo
844:White Noise
752:(1929) and
674:Controversy
663:Suprematism
658:L’Absinthe,
646:Edgar Degas
550:W. H. Auden
417:Jean Moréas
398:Oscar Wilde
365:Romanticism
361:Victor Hugo
349:Montesquieu
316:Pornocrates
94:work ethics
2103:Modern art
2087:Categories
2022:, (2000).
1997:Mario Praz
1907:2021-05-07
1882:2021-02-10
1556:2021-07-24
1477:2021-07-24
1434:2021-07-24
1220:References
1087:Grundrisse
1038:capitalism
1021:capitalism
918:columnist
640:L’Absinthe
630:L'Absinthe
583:The Temple
488:Metropolis
461:Nazi Party
437:See also:
288:(1888) by
100:behavior.
90:technology
82:literature
1696:2056-5666
1637:0076-0730
1400:2572-3618
1351:0022-0094
1304:0146-7891
1265:0039-3738
1026:socialist
935:in 2020.
811:modernist
572:, and an
529:rightists
338:Symbolism
168:Symbolism
131:declinism
72:decadence
69:The word
2050:(2011).
2036:(1978).
2003:(1930).
1972:(1979).
1926:Aufheben
1645:43636546
1312:23536184
1143:See also
1055:mass man
1011:Leninism
994:and the
867:'taboos'
772:politics
619:Nihilism
576:winning
521:Benjamin
493:Dietrich
491:, 1927,
170:and the
137:such as
1583:Volupté
1273:4173078
1169:Buraiha
851:, 1985.
569:Cabaret
543:Talkies
469:Bauhaus
465:culture
421:polemic
340:and/or
190:History
120:English
86:science
2054:
2040:
2026:
2007:
1990:
1976:
1694:
1643:
1635:
1547:
1501:
1468:
1425:
1398:
1359:260445
1357:
1349:
1310:
1302:
1271:
1263:
1154:Anomie
1149:Acedia
1076:Marx's
990:, the
986:, the
967:, the
834:, 1965
740:Lolita
736:Lolita
731:itself
721:Lolita
701:Lolita
692:Lolita
685:(1955)
681:Lolita
507:Brecht
473:Döblin
453:Berlin
447:This "
353:Wilmot
323:(1878)
278:(1888)
231:(1866)
116:French
92:, and
1641:JSTOR
1355:JSTOR
1308:JSTOR
1269:JSTOR
977:1960s
695:, by
652:" by
602:" by
511:Weill
503:Grosz
451:" of
381:novel
62:, by
46:, by
2052:ISBN
2038:ISBN
2024:ISBN
2005:ISBN
1988:ISBN
1974:ISBN
1692:ISSN
1633:ISSN
1545:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1466:ISBN
1423:ISBN
1396:ISSN
1347:ISSN
1300:ISSN
1261:ISSN
1131:and
1030:West
925:West
907:slur
711:and
556:and
535:Film
525:Jung
509:and
483:Lang
441:and
408:and
371:and
363:and
351:and
246:UCLA
149:and
1837:doi
1767:doi
1734:doi
1684:doi
1625:doi
1587:doi
1458:doi
1386:doi
1339:doi
1047:in
847:by
830:by
756:'s
746:'s
644:by
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319:by
274:by
244:of
227:by
78:art
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2016:,
1999:,
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1923:.
1900:.
1875:.
1857:.
1831:.
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1761:.
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1728:.
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1460::
1438:.
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1388::
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