218:
by classifying it as East
Sogeram, closest to Kursav though he refrains from claiming the two languages form a clade. He notes that the name "East Sogeram" is no longer geographically appropriate, as Gants would be the westernmost Sogeram language.
127:. The exceptions were Faita, placed as a separate branch of the Southern Adelbert languages, and Mum–Sirva (then called the "Sikan" family), which were classified with the other branch, Josephstaal (
233:, where each influences its neighbors, the branching of the family is not clear. Usher divides the languages in nearly the same way, differing only in the placement of Manat:
1839:
1636:
2697:
1814:. From Daniels, D. 2010. A preliminary phonological history of the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea. Oceanic Linguistics, 49, 163-193.
1804:. From Daniels, D. 2010. A preliminary phonological history of the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea. Oceanic Linguistics, 49, 163-193.
1794:. From Daniels, D. 2010. A preliminary phonological history of the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea. Oceanic Linguistics, 49, 163-193.
1784:. From Daniels, D. 2010. A preliminary phonological history of the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea. Oceanic Linguistics, 49, 163-193.
316:
Below are
Sogeram language names in Daniels (2015) compared to names listed in Z'graggen (1975), along with their respective meanings.
56:
1832:
2033:
1856:
1387:
541:
69:
2692:
1055:
1683:
2217:
2164:
1825:
1123:
139:
Daniels (2016) classifies the
Sogeram languages in three branches, including some recently documented languages.
1032:
123:
In earlier classifications, such as that of Wurm, most of the
Sogeram family were called "Wanang", after the
1402:
1083:
2398:
2275:
1134:
1106:
1003:
924:
1749:
Daniels, Don. 2010. A preliminary phonological history of the
Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea.
997:
462:
2413:
1914:
1654:
1140:
837:
831:
802:
2247:
2068:
1972:
1727:
768:
2107:
957:
223:
2617:
2450:
2440:
2380:
2127:
2058:
2053:
1962:
1939:
390:
380:
256:
2666:
2656:
2630:
2536:
2520:
2479:
2315:
2305:
2174:
2132:
2092:
1967:
1894:
1848:
1151:
1038:
444:
434:
416:
344:
278:
246:
202:
113:
61:
44:
1807:
1797:
1787:
2671:
2661:
2640:
2603:
2567:
2505:
2350:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2295:
2290:
2280:
2260:
2255:
2222:
2189:
2146:
2003:
1952:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1899:
813:
481:
398:
362:
196:
109:
51:
2625:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2541:
2515:
2489:
2463:
2458:
2435:
2430:
2393:
2388:
2366:
2345:
2310:
2285:
2270:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2212:
2159:
2154:
2112:
2102:
2097:
2087:
2019:
1998:
1957:
1924:
1904:
1878:
1873:
1386:
The following is a comparative table of reconstructed forms in Proto-Sogeram and Proto-
1089:
785:
507:
499:
489:
471:
426:
372:
300:
295:
289:
267:
215:
191:
181:
171:
166:
226:
may also be a
Sogeram language, with the forms of identified cognates closest to Mum.
95:
2686:
2635:
2546:
2340:
2300:
2204:
2194:
2117:
2063:
2048:
1993:
1988:
1947:
1189:
1184:
1156:
1100:
1072:
854:
848:
751:
734:
458:
354:
336:
250:
230:
206:
156:
151:
117:
40:
2551:
2510:
2484:
2403:
2335:
2265:
2122:
1777:
901:
889:
408:
274:
177:
124:
907:
128:
1166:
871:
762:
1311:
1229:
1117:
1049:
819:
796:
89:
1172:
1014:
745:
728:
1652:
Daniels, Don. 2016. Magɨ: An undocumented language of Papua New Guinea.
1066:
1020:
779:
705:
Selected lexical reconstructions from
Daniels (2015) are listed below.
1758:
A Reconstruction of Proto-Sogeram
Phonology, Lexicon, and Morphosyntax
1714:
A Reconstruction of Proto-Sogeram
Phonology, Lexicon, and Morphosyntax
935:
883:
1817:
918:
1760:. Doctoral dissertation. University of California, Santa Barbara.
1729:
A reconstruction of Proto-Northern
Adelbert phonology and lexicon
1716:. Doctoral dissertation. University of California, Santa Barbara.
697:
Compare Ross's proto-Madang singular pronouns *ya, *na, *nu/*ua.
865:
1821:
1765:
Grammatical reconstruction: The Sogeram languages of New Guinea
552:
Proto-Sogeram phonemic inventory according to Daniels (2015):
214:
Daniels (2017), following Pawley, resolves the issue of
1696:
The Languages of the Madang District, Papua New Guinea
544:
of Proto-Sogeram has been proposed by Daniels (2015).
647:
Daniels (2017) reconstructs the pronouns as follows:
16:
Family of languages in the Madang stock of New Guinea
2649:
2616:
2596:
2560:
2529:
2498:
2472:
2449:
2423:
2412:
2379:
2359:
2246:
2203:
2182:
2173:
2145:
2077:
2041:
2032:
2012:
1981:
1938:
1887:
1866:
1855:
1735:(PhD dissertation). University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
530:
525:
88:
50:
33:
21:
1670:Daniels, Don. 2017. Gants is a Sogeram Language.
1708:
1706:
1704:
116:stock of New Guinea. They are named after the
1833:
8:
2420:
2179:
2038:
1863:
1840:
1826:
1818:
1392:
976:
707:
318:
148:West Sogeram (Wurm et al's "Atan" family)
649:
617:
554:
1666:
1664:
1625:
522:
18:
1672:Language and Linguistics in Melanesia
1631:
1629:
7:
14:
1698:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
229:Because these languages form a
176:North Central Sogeram (Sikan):
1:
1767:. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.
2698:Southern Adelbert languages
542:phonological reconstruction
2714:
1056:Casuarius unappendiculatus
1694:Z'graggen, John A. 1975.
1684:ISO code request 2013-029
1426:*im- ‘boil, cook in pot’
1124:Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
52:Linguistic classification
26:
1033:sulphur-crested cockatoo
1403:Proto-Northern Adelbert
1084:Victoria crowned pigeon
1635:Usher, Timothy. 2020.
1445:*ir, irɨ- ‘turn, spin’
531:Reconstruction of
264:Central Sogeram River
1808:Proto-Western-Sogeram
1798:Proto-Eastern-Sogeram
1788:Proto-Central-Sogeram
1726:Pick, Andrew (2020).
1434:*iŋka ‘see, perceive’
1135:collared brush-turkey
1107:Probosciger aterrimus
1004:Aepypodius arfakianus
925:Saccharum officinarum
1763:Daniels, Don. 2020.
1756:Daniels, Don. 2015.
1712:Daniels, Don. 2015.
1558:*muŋ ‘husband, man’
998:wattled brush-turkey
286:South Sogeram River
222:Recently discovered
112:of languages in the
2042:Tomul (Josephstaal)
1751:Oceanic Linguistics
1655:Oceanic Linguistics
1536:*wisir ‘centipede’
1533:*kuntar ‘centipede’
1525:*waben ‘arm, hand’
1459:*war- ‘hit, fight’
1141:Talegalla jobiensis
979:
838:Imperata cylindrica
803:Cordyline fruticosa
710:
242:West Sogeram River
1812:TransNewGuinea.org
1802:TransNewGuinea.org
1792:TransNewGuinea.org
1782:TransNewGuinea.org
1522:*kuman ‘arm, hand’
977:
769:Artocarpus altilis
708:
2693:Sogeram languages
2680:
2679:
2612:
2611:
2375:
2374:
2141:
2140:
2034:Southern Adelbert
2028:
2027:
1857:Northern Adelbert
1772:Online word lists
1617:
1616:
1423:*imu ‘put in pot’
1388:Northern Adelbert
1379:
1378:
975:
974:
695:
694:
640:
639:
616:
615:
538:
537:
534:Sogeram languages
516:
515:
249:(Atemple, Mand),
102:
101:
70:Southern Adelbert
2705:
2421:
2180:
2039:
1864:
1849:Madang languages
1842:
1835:
1828:
1819:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1723:
1717:
1710:
1699:
1692:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1644:
1641:New Guinea World
1633:
1393:
1152:bird-of-paradise
1039:Cacatua galerita
989:Scientific name
980:
720:Scientific name
711:
650:
618:
555:
523:
328:Z'graggen (1975)
319:
163:Central Segeram
108:languages are a
98:
57:Trans–New Guinea
45:Papua New Guinea
19:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2645:
2608:
2592:
2556:
2525:
2494:
2468:
2445:
2416:
2408:
2371:
2355:
2242:
2199:
2169:
2137:
2073:
2024:
2008:
1977:
1934:
1883:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1753:49(1), 163–193.
1746:
1744:Further reading
1741:
1740:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1669:
1662:
1651:
1647:
1634:
1627:
1622:
1610:*ura ‘call out’
1602:*gemaŋ ‘liver’
1555:*-mum ‘husband’
1448:*girik- ‘turn’
1384:
703:
645:
569:*kʷ <kw>
550:
521:
314:
292:(Kulsab/Kursav)
188:"East" Sogeram
137:
94:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2711:
2709:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2418:
2417:(South Madang)
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1861:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1795:
1785:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1718:
1700:
1687:
1676:
1660:
1645:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:*umpaŋ ‘heart’
1597:
1593:
1592:
1591:*duag ‘snake’
1589:
1588:*takwɨ ‘snake’
1586:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1503:*durun ‘root’
1501:
1500:*kɨntɨr ‘root’
1498:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1415:*men ‘breast’
1413:
1412:*aman ‘breast’
1410:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:parrot species
1341:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:parrot species
1331:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1090:Goura victoria
1086:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1000:
995:
991:
990:
987:
984:
973:
972:
970:
967:
963:
962:
960:
955:
951:
950:
948:
945:
941:
940:
938:
933:
929:
928:
921:
916:
912:
911:
904:
899:
895:
894:
886:
881:
877:
876:
868:
863:
859:
858:
851:
846:
842:
841:
834:
829:
825:
824:
816:
811:
807:
806:
799:
794:
790:
789:
786:Cocos nucifera
782:
777:
773:
772:
765:
760:
756:
755:
748:
743:
739:
738:
731:
726:
722:
721:
718:
715:
702:
699:
693:
692:
689:
686:
682:
681:
678:
675:
671:
670:
667:
664:
660:
659:
656:
653:
644:
641:
638:
637:
635:
632:
629:
628:
625:
622:
614:
613:
611:
609:
607:
604:
601:
600:
598:
595:
592:
589:
585:
584:
582:
580:
578:
575:
571:
570:
567:
564:
562:
559:
549:
546:
536:
535:
532:
528:
527:
520:
519:Proto-language
517:
514:
513:
512:language name
510:
505:
502:
496:
495:
492:
487:
484:
478:
477:
474:
469:
466:
455:
454:
452:
450:
447:
441:
440:
439:village name?
437:
432:
429:
423:
422:
419:
414:
411:
405:
404:
401:
396:
393:
387:
386:
383:
378:
375:
369:
368:
365:
360:
357:
351:
350:
347:
342:
339:
333:
332:
329:
326:
323:
322:Daniels (2015)
313:
310:
309:
308:
307:
306:
305:
304:
298:
293:
284:
283:
282:
271:
262:
261:
260:
254:
245:Atemple–Nend:
212:
211:
210:
209:
199:
194:
186:
185:
184:
174:
169:
161:
160:
159:
154:
145:
144:
136:
133:
100:
99:
92:
86:
85:
84:
83:
82:
81:
80:
79:
78:
77:
54:
48:
47:
37:
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2710:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1778:Proto-Sogeram
1776:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:Sogeram River
1632:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1613:*par- ‘call’
1612:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1580:*bin ‘heavy’
1579:
1577:*pɨm ‘weight’
1576:
1574:heavy, weight
1573:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:*munag ‘egg’
1546:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1514:*id- ‘roast’
1513:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1489:*kɨnta ‘walk’
1488:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1456:*kira ‘fight’
1455:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1399:Proto-Sogeram
1398:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:Phalangeridae
1188:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:Paradisaeidae
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1101:palm cockatoo
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:Gallus gallus
1070:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:
999:
996:
993:
992:
988:
985:
983:Proto-Sogeram
982:
981:
978:Animal names
971:
968:
965:
964:
961:
959:
956:
953:
952:
949:
946:
943:
942:
939:
937:
934:
931:
930:
927:
926:
922:
920:
917:
914:
913:
910:
909:
905:
903:
900:
897:
896:
892:
891:
887:
885:
882:
879:
878:
874:
873:
869:
867:
864:
861:
860:
857:
856:
855:Intsia bijuga
852:
850:
849:ironwood tree
847:
844:
843:
840:
839:
835:
833:
830:
827:
826:
822:
821:
817:
815:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
800:
798:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
783:
781:
778:
775:
774:
771:
770:
766:
764:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
752:Areca catechu
749:
747:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
735:Areca catechu
732:
730:
727:
724:
723:
719:
716:
714:Proto-Sogeram
713:
712:
706:
700:
698:
690:
687:
684:
683:
679:
676:
673:
672:
668:
665:
662:
661:
657:
654:
652:
651:
648:
642:
636:
633:
631:
630:
626:
623:
620:
619:
612:
610:
608:
605:
603:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
586:
583:
581:
579:
576:
573:
572:
568:
565:
563:
560:
557:
556:
553:
547:
545:
543:
533:
529:
526:Proto-Sogeram
524:
518:
511:
509:
506:
504:language name
503:
501:
498:
497:
494:village name
493:
491:
488:
486:language name
485:
483:
480:
479:
476:village name
475:
473:
470:
467:
464:
460:
457:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
442:
438:
436:
433:
431:language name
430:
428:
425:
424:
421:village name
420:
418:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
403:village name
402:
400:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
385:village name
384:
382:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
366:
364:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
349:village name
348:
346:
343:
340:
338:
335:
334:
330:
327:
324:
321:
320:
317:
311:
302:
299:
297:
294:
291:
288:
287:
285:
280:
276:
272:
269:
266:
265:
263:
258:
255:
252:
248:
244:
243:
241:
240:
239:
238:Sogeram River
236:
235:
234:
232:
227:
225:
220:
217:
208:
204:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
162:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
147:
146:
142:
141:
140:
134:
132:
130:
126:
121:
119:
118:Sogeram River
115:
111:
107:
97:
93:
91:
87:
76:
73:
72:
71:
68:
67:
65:
64:
63:
60:
59:
58:
55:
53:
49:
46:
42:
41:Sogeram River
38:
32:
27:Sogeram River
25:
20:
2078:
1860:(Croisilles)
1811:
1801:
1791:
1781:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1728:
1721:
1713:
1695:
1690:
1679:
1671:
1658:55: 199-224.
1653:
1648:
1640:
1596:heart, liver
1544:*maŋka ‘egg’
1511:*kra ‘roast’
1492:*iduw- ‘go’
1470:*kemi ‘bow’
1385:
1171:
1139:
1122:
1105:
1088:
1071:
1054:
1037:
1019:
1002:
923:
906:
902:betel pepper
888:
870:
853:
836:
818:
801:
784:
767:
750:
733:
709:Plant names
704:
696:
646:
594:*ɲ <ñ>
574:*β <v>
551:
539:
315:
237:
228:
221:
213:
138:
125:Wanang River
122:
105:
103:
74:
36:distribution
1888:Kumil–Tibor
1867:Manep–Barem
1569:*an- ‘eat’
1481:*um- ‘die’
1478:*kɨmu ‘die’
1467:*kɨmi ‘bow’
1437:*ag- ‘see’
1420:cook in pot
1382:Comparisons
908:Piper betle
832:sword grass
277:(Katiati),
273:Mum–Sirva:
129:Tomul River
66:West Madang
2687:Categories
1915:Hember Avu
1674:35: 82-93.
1620:References
1167:flying fox
958:paint tree
872:Metroxylon
763:breadfruit
468:‘why (no)’
34:Geographic
2650:(unclear)
2414:Rai Coast
2069:Wadaginam
1982:Kaukombar
1973:Ukuriguma
1566:*ña ‘eat’
1530:centipede
1519:arm, hand
1312:millipede
1308:*kamɨŋaua
1258:*kɨmparam
1241:crocodile
1230:centipede
1219:butterfly
1118:sago grub
1050:cassowary
820:Dioscorea
797:cordyline
548:Phonology
135:Languages
90:Glottolog
39:Near the
2441:Yangulam
2248:Hanseman
2128:Paynamar
2081:(Wanang)
2059:Moresada
2054:Anamgura
1963:Yarawata
1486:walk, go
1323:mosquito
1216:*apapara
1173:Pteropus
1063:*ikakara
1029:*kaiaŋki
1015:starling
994:*kɨñakuŋ
969:reed sp.
746:betelnut
729:betelnut
643:Pronouns
381:Paynamar
367:demonym
331:meaning
270:(Emerum)
257:Paynamar
253:(Angaua)
201:Aisian:
96:soge1235
2667:Wasembo
2657:Amaimon
2631:Ganglau
2618:Yaganon
2561:Kabenau
2537:Duduela
2521:Urigina
2480:Kesawai
2451:Brahman
2381:Mindjim
2316:Rapting
2306:Nobonob
2133:Sileibi
2093:Atemble
2079:Sogeram
1968:Parawen
1940:Numugen
1895:Mauwake
1552:husband
1350:*sampaN
1320:*ñaŋkur
1288:*naŋram
1278:*kukasa
1226:*kuntar
1183:ground
1097:*kwɨñaŋ
1080:*kumpin
1067:chicken
1021:Aplonis
954:*kɨñakw
898:*kamura
845:*mimpɨŋ
793:*mirkwa
780:coconut
776:*kuimaŋ
725:*akwasa
701:Lexicon
691:*nɨ-ra
688:*nu/*nɨ
680:*na-ra
435:Sileibi
417:Katiati
345:Atemple
325:meaning
281:(Sirva)
279:Sileibi
259:(Manat)
247:Atemble
143:Sogeram
106:Sogeram
75:Sogeram
22:Sogeram
2672:Yamben
2662:Bargam
2641:Yabong
2604:Pulabu
2568:Arawum
2506:Danaru
2473:Evapia
2351:Yoidik
2331:Silopi
2326:Saruga
2321:Samosa
2296:Murupi
2291:Mosimo
2281:Matepi
2261:Baimak
2256:Bagupi
2223:Gumalu
2190:Girawa
2175:Mabuso
2108:Magɨyi
2004:Maiani
1953:Karian
1930:Kowaki
1920:Mokati
1910:Pamosu
1900:Bepour
1409:breast
1370:*takwɨ
1238:*mavra
1196:*muŋmi
1185:possum
1180:*iŋkɨn
1163:*kariv
1148:*kuyiv
1046:*muiam
966:*sukan
936:bamboo
932:*sakai
915:*akɨru
884:banana
880:*manɨŋ
862:*makin
828:*mɨnta
810:*kunsa
759:*kasam
669:*a-ra
482:Kursav
413:‘what’
399:Emerum
363:Angaua
303:(Aisi)
224:Magɨyi
197:Kursav
114:Madang
110:family
62:Madang
29:Wanang
2626:Dumun
2597:other
2588:Siroi
2583:Lemio
2578:Kolom
2573:Dumpu
2542:Kwato
2516:Sumau
2490:Sausi
2464:Tauya
2459:Biyom
2436:Rerau
2431:Jilim
2424:Awung
2394:Bongu
2389:Anjam
2367:Munit
2360:other
2346:Wamas
2311:Rempi
2286:Mawan
2271:Garus
2238:Sihan
2233:Panim
2228:Isebe
2213:Amele
2183:Kokan
2160:Kobon
2155:Kalam
2147:Kalam
2113:Musak
2103:Gants
2098:Faita
2088:Apali
2020:Gavak
2013:other
1999:Miani
1958:Yaben
1925:Mawak
1905:Moere
1879:Barem
1874:Manep
1733:(PDF)
1585:snake
1508:roast
1453:fight
1396:gloss
1373:snake
1363:snake
1340:*urir
1330:*iran
1301:louse
1298:*iman
1248:*upri
1206:*kapa
1131:*aŋam
1114:*kukɨ
1011:*siar
986:Gloss
944:*umai
919:sugar
742:*kari
717:Gloss
508:Gants
500:Gants
490:Faita
472:Musak
463:Mabɨŋ
427:Sirva
391:Apalɨ
373:Manat
312:Names
301:Musak
296:Gants
290:Faita
268:Apali
231:chain
216:Gants
192:Gants
182:Sirva
172:Apalɨ
167:Manat
2636:Saep
2547:Ogea
2530:Nuru
2499:Peka
2399:Male
2341:Wagi
2301:Nake
2276:Kare
2195:Kein
2118:Nend
2064:Osum
2049:Anam
1994:Mala
1989:Maia
1948:Usan
1607:call
1497:root
1442:turn
1360:*sar
1291:frog
1281:frog
1271:fish
1268:*iau
1209:bird
1024:sp.
947:bean
893:sp.
890:Musa
875:sp.
866:sago
823:sp.
459:Aisi
449:‘no’
445:Magɨ
395:‘no’
377:‘no’
359:‘no’
355:Nend
341:‘no’
337:Mand
251:Nend
207:Aisi
203:Magɨ
157:Nend
152:Mand
104:The
2552:Uya
2511:Sop
2485:Kou
2404:Sam
2336:Utu
2266:Gal
2218:Bau
2205:Gum
2165:Tai
2123:Mum
1563:eat
1541:egg
1475:die
1464:bow
1431:see
1353:pig
1261:eel
1251:dog
1199:bee
814:yam
677:*na
666:*ya
658:pl
627:*u
409:Mum
275:Mum
178:Mum
131:).
2689::
1810:.
1800:.
1790:.
1780:.
1703:^
1663:^
1639:.
1628:^
1390:.
685:3
674:2
663:1
655:sg
634:*a
624:*ɨ
621:*i
606:*r
597:*ŋ
591:*n
588:*m
577:*s
566:*k
561:*t
558:*p
540:A
205:,
180:,
120:.
43:,
1841:e
1834:t
1827:v
1643:.
465:)
461:(
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