1020:, usually working on a team. Efficient communications between team members is essential to success. This is more easily achieved if the team is small, used to working together, and located near each other. Communications also help identify problems at an earlier state of development and avoid duplicated effort. Many development projects avoid the risk of losing essential knowledge held by only one employee by ensuring that multiple workers are familiar with each component. Software development involves professionals from various fields, not just software programmers but also individuals specialized in testing, documentation writing,
1117:. Because the effort estimation is directly related to the size of the complete application, it is strongly influenced by addition of features in the requirements—the more requirements, the higher the development cost. Aspects not related to functionality, such as the experience of the software developers and code reusability, are also essential to consider in estimation. As of 2019, most of the tools for estimating the amount of time and resources for software development were designed for conventional applications and are not applicable to
1192:
819:, its development cost and timeframe. Based on this analysis, the company can make a business decision to invest in further development. After deciding to develop the software, the company is focused on delivering the product at or below the estimated cost and time, and with a high standard of quality (i.e., lack of bugs) and the desired functionality. Nevertheless, most software projects run late and sometimes compromises are made in features or quality to meet a deadline.
660:
3939:
2946:
3949:
3959:
1134:
2936:
2390:
614:, employee management, and other overhead functions. Software development may be sequential, in which each step is complete before the next begins, but iterative development methods where multiple steps can be executed at once and earlier steps can be revisited have also been devised to improve flexibility, efficiency, and scheduling.
1095:(API)—how the piece of software can be accessed by another—and often implementation details. This documentation is helpful for new developers to understand the project when they begin working on it. In agile development, the documentation is often written at the same time as the code. User documentation is more frequently written by
702:
processes these steps are interleaved with each other for improved flexibility, efficiency, and more realistic scheduling. Instead of completing the project all at once, one might go through most of the steps with one component at a time. Iterative development also lets developers prioritize the most
679:
The simplest methodology is the "code and fix", typically used by a single programmer working on a small project. After briefly considering the purpose of the program, the programmer codes it and runs it to see if it works. When they are done, the product is released. This methodology is useful for
831:
to capture the business needs of the software. Challenges for the identification of needs are that current or potential users may have different and incompatible needs, may not understand their own needs, and change their needs during the process of software development. Ultimately, the result of
1007:
Production is the phase in which software is deployed to the end user. During production, the developer may create technical support resources for users or a process for fixing bugs and errors that were not caught earlier. There might also be a return to earlier development phases if user needs
935:
The central feature of software development is creating and understanding the software that implements the desired functionality. There are various strategies for writing the code. Cohesive software has various components that are independent from each other. Coupling is the interrelation of
774:
In 2009, it was estimated that 32 percent of software projects were delivered on time and budget, and with the full functionality. An additional 44 percent were delivered, but missing at least one of these features. The remaining 24 percent were cancelled prior to release.
1182:
of all modified files. If multiple programmers are working on the software simultaneously, it manages the merging of their code changes. The software highlights cases where there is a conflict between two sets of changes and allows programmers to fix the conflict.
707:
is one popular method, originally intended for small or medium sized projects, that focuses on giving developers more control over the features that they work on to reduce the risk of time or cost overruns. Derivatives of agile include
971:
by other developers are often used to scrutinize new code added to the project, and according to some estimates dramatically reduce the number of bugs persisting after testing is complete. Once the code has been submitted,
1078:
Documentation comes in two forms that are usually kept separate—that intended for software developers, and that made available to the end user to help them use the software. Most developer documentation is in the form of
806:
of potential new customers, existing customers, sales prospects who rejected the product, other internal software development staff, or a creative third party. Ideas for software products are usually first evaluated by
966:
is performed by each software developer on their own code to confirm that the code does what it is intended to. In particular, it is crucial that the software executes on all inputs, even if the result is incorrect.
980:
derived from the original software requirements are a popular tool for this. Quality testing also often includes stress and load checking (whether the software is robust to heavy levels of input or usage),
1308:
System
Development Methodologies for Web-Enabled E-Business: A Customization Framework Linda V. Knight (DePaul University, USA), Theresa A. Steinbach (DePaul University, USA) and Vince Kellen (Blue Wolf,
695:, and implementation occur sequentially in that order. This model requires one step to be complete before the next begins, causing delays, and makes it impossible to revise previous steps if necessary.
944:
on its functionality. These standards are especially likely to break down in the presence of deadlines. As a result, testing, debugging, and revising the code becomes much more difficult.
1268:
used for software require that modifications be released under the same license. As an alternative, developers may choose a proprietary alternative or write their own software module.
815:, and fit with the company's marketing objectives. In the marketing evaluation phase, the cost and time assumptions become evaluated. The feasibility analysis estimates the project's
566:
1056:
of software development. CASE enables designers to sketch out the logic of a program, whether one to be written, or an already existing one to help integrate it with new code or
1113:
Accurate estimation is crucial at the feasibility stage and in delivering the product on time and within budget. The process of generating estimations is often delegated by the
893:
and database software to use, or how the hardware and network communications will be organized. Design may be iterative with users consulted about their needs in a process of
851:
is often used to break down the customer's requirements into pieces that can be implemented by software programmers. The underlying logic of the program may be represented in
520:
836:
the project into smaller objects, components that can be reused for increased cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and reliability. Decomposing the project may enable a
2422:
675:
Each of the available methodologies are best suited to specific kinds of projects, based on various technical, organizational, project, and team considerations.
487:
2982:
559:
1249:
are automated and objective tests to ensure that the new developments don't deviate from the established constraints, checks and compliance controls.
2301:
Vishnu, Pendyala (2019). "Evolution of
Integration, Build, Test, and Release Engineering Into DevOps and to DevSecOps". In Vishnu, Pendyala (ed.).
594:
is the central step of this process, but it also includes conceiving the project, evaluating its feasibility, analyzing the business requirements,
720:
typically uses agile methodology with concurrent design, coding, and testing, due to reliance on a distributed network of volunteer contributors.
329:
940:. Often, software programmers do not follow industry best practices, resulting in code that is inefficient, difficult to understand, or lacking
3692:
3664:
1108:
477:
2303:
Tools and
Techniques for Software Development in Large Organizations: Emerging Research and Opportunities: Emerging Research and Opportunities
2265:
Tools and
Techniques for Software Development in Large Organizations: Emerging Research and Opportunities: Emerging Research and Opportunities
989:(measuring the software's performance across different operating systems or browsers). When tests are written before the code, this is called
3717:
2805:
2734:
2348:
2310:
2291:
2272:
2192:
2091:
552:
452:
193:
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2628:
2531:
472:
3722:
3001:
1049:
638:
510:
1986:
1238:
of physically intensive systems, viewpoints often correspond to capabilities and responsibilities within the engineering organization.
3234:
2415:
2011:
1178:
Version control is a popular way of managing changes made to the software. Whenever a new version is checked in, the software saves a
1145:
630:
419:
183:
811:
personnel for economic feasibility, fit with existing channels of distribution, possible effects on existing product lines, required
3874:
3702:
3239:
2608:
2475:
2460:
1092:
286:
2263:
Saif, Syed Mohsin (2019). "Software Effort
Estimation for Successful Software Application Development". In Vishnu, Pendyala (ed.).
3962:
3063:
833:
717:
654:
409:
404:
160:
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783:
538:
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that has not been modeled, this software may be modeled to help ensure it is correctly incorporated with the newer software.
429:
142:
122:
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339:
228:
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2613:
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1220:
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515:
243:
208:
59:
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3192:
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2485:
1114:
1036:
does not involve selling the software, but something else—such as services and modifications to open source software.
1002:
906:
868:
611:
603:
334:
306:
976:—a separate department of non-programmers for most large companies—test the accuracy of the entire software product.
664:
3924:
3573:
2871:
2719:
2714:
2666:
2643:
2623:
764:
704:
692:
457:
301:
188:
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117:
3942:
3869:
3844:
3707:
3355:
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223:
203:
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3626:
3219:
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2779:
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914:
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of the code to clients. The purpose of this integration is to deliver IT services more quickly and efficiently.
364:
233:
213:
3854:
3788:
3679:
3495:
3162:
2729:
2573:
990:
832:
analysis is a detailed specification for the product that developers can work from. Software analysts often
492:
374:
253:
127:
1191:
3919:
3750:
3631:
3398:
3388:
3383:
2784:
2541:
2536:
1073:
941:
901:, screen architecture, and the performance of servers and other hardware. Designers often attempt to find
744:
724:
642:
434:
344:
296:
238:
3889:
3859:
3849:
3745:
3659:
3535:
3475:
3442:
3432:
3322:
3287:
3277:
3214:
3083:
3058:
3053:
3018:
2603:
2556:
2171:
1257:
1216:
986:
948:, for example adding more comments to the code, is a solution to improve the understandability of code.
828:
748:
291:
258:
74:
64:
3649:
3621:
3593:
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3417:
3393:
3345:
3330:
3312:
3302:
3297:
3209:
3204:
3121:
3067:
2901:
2739:
2598:
2588:
2500:
2445:
2431:
2228:
2046:
Software
Product Management: Managing Software Development from Idea to Product to Marketing to Sales
1265:
1088:
1061:
1029:
937:
936:
different software components, which is viewed as undesirable because it increases the difficulty of
930:
918:
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816:
787:
607:
587:
583:
354:
198:
132:
99:
79:
3914:
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3249:
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3141:
3131:
3103:
2921:
2906:
2774:
2638:
2546:
2490:
1157:
1084:
982:
848:
752:
709:
629:, and fundraising. A number of tools and models are commonly used in software development, such as
618:
349:
268:
94:
659:
3879:
3778:
3654:
3611:
3520:
3462:
3447:
3437:
3229:
3028:
2911:
2551:
1426:"Problems, causes and solutions when adopting continuous delivery—A systematic literature review"
1122:
768:
740:
467:
2084:
Software
Development, Design and Coding: With Patterns, Debugging, Unit Testing, and Refactoring
3899:
3829:
3808:
3770:
3578:
3545:
3525:
3224:
3136:
3010:
2825:
2583:
2367:
2344:
2325:
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2287:
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2249:
2232:
2209:
2188:
2146:
2127:
2108:
2087:
2068:
2049:
2007:
1096:
973:
852:
759:
Another focus in many programming methodologies is the idea of trying to catch issues such as
736:
3732:
3616:
3583:
3378:
3307:
3196:
3182:
3177:
3126:
3113:
3038:
2991:
2896:
2840:
2618:
2510:
2505:
1981:
1437:
1246:
1057:
1028:, and fundraising. Although workers for proprietary software are paid, most contributors to
977:
957:
945:
812:
599:
424:
387:
369:
359:
84:
3803:
3697:
3669:
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3515:
3500:
3485:
3340:
3335:
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3172:
3146:
3098:
3043:
2916:
2769:
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2633:
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1990:
1173:
1161:
1118:
898:
894:
884:
872:
856:
799:
688:
684:
634:
595:
311:
263:
147:
69:
2124:
Software That Sells: A Practical Guide to
Developing and Marketing Your Software Project
962:
Testing is the process of ensuring that the code executes correctly and without errors.
3909:
3813:
3712:
3558:
3530:
2820:
2724:
2465:
2360:
1227:
1033:
1021:
841:
837:
622:
703:
important features, enabling lower priority ones to be dropped later on if necessary.
3977:
3798:
3093:
2800:
2568:
2203:
2162:
2102:
905:
in the software's functionality to spin off distinct modules that can be reused with
54:
1226:
The purpose of viewpoints and views is to enable human engineers to comprehend very
798:
The sources of ideas for software products are plentiful. These ideas can come from
17:
3894:
3553:
2835:
2830:
2759:
1080:
803:
137:
1442:
1425:
3884:
3510:
3422:
2175:
1261:
1235:
1149:
1148:(IDE) supports software development with enhanced features compared to a simple
985:(to ensure that the software is adequately integrated with other software), and
968:
889:
Design involves choices about the implementation of the software, such as which
591:
2065:
Just enough requirements management: Where software development meets marketing
3904:
3834:
3427:
3167:
3023:
2845:
2810:
1208:
1204:
1053:
860:
2246:
Managing
Software Deliverables: A Software Development Management Methodology
2160:
Horch, John W. (March 1995). "Two
Orientations On How To Work With Objects".
3409:
3370:
2236:
1231:
1153:
1133:
1025:
963:
808:
732:
699:
668:
626:
89:
2389:
2341:
Software Engineering at Google: Lessons Learned from Programming Over Time
1223:. It is a graphical representation of the underlying semantics of a view.
617:
Software development involves professionals from various fields, not just
3470:
2593:
462:
414:
399:
394:
2400:
2143:
Beyond Software Architecture: Creating and Sustaining Winning Solutions
1928:
1926:
2450:
1212:
1179:
1137:
728:
173:
2322:
More About Software Requirements: Thorny Issues and Practical Advice
2185:
Guide to Software Development: Designing and Managing the Life Cycle
621:
but also individuals specialized in testing, documentation writing,
2960:
2650:
1190:
1132:
658:
248:
1032:
are volunteers. Alternately, they may be paid by companies whose
2861:
1196:
482:
2964:
2404:
847:
During the analysis and design phases of software development,
2004:
Fundamentals of Software Architecture: An Engineering Approach
1230:
and to organize the elements of the problem around domains of
27:
Creation and maintenance of computer programs and applications
1341:
1339:
2282:
Tucker, Allen; Morelli, Ralph; de Silva, Chamindra (2011).
1264:
code or libraries into a proprietary product, because most
727:(IT) operations with software development, which is called
1424:
Laukkanen, Eero; Itkonen, Juha; Lassenius, Casper (2017).
680:
prototypes but cannot be used for more elaborate programs.
1407:
1405:
897:. Design often involves people expert in aspect such as
1721:
1719:
1717:
2339:
Winters, Titus; Manshreck, Tom; Wright, Hyrum (2020).
1881:
1845:
1833:
1761:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1456:
1380:
1378:
1932:
1869:
1857:
1821:
1785:
1773:
1737:
1708:
1667:
1655:
1643:
1619:
1468:
1396:
1357:
3822:
3769:
3731:
3678:
3640:
3602:
3544:
3461:
3407:
3369:
3321:
3258:
3191:
3155:
3112:
3076:
3009:
2889:
2854:
2793:
2707:
2700:
2659:
2519:
2438:
2359:
1160:of errors, debugging assistance, integration with
771:) to reduce the cost of tracking and fixing them.
2067:. Dorset House Publishing Company, Incorporated.
840:implementation that runs significantly faster on
786:refers to the systematic process of developing
3000:Note: This template roughly follows the 2012
2976:
2416:
2284:Software Development: An Open Source Approach
560:
8:
610:, in addition to development, also includes
1983:Concepts for Automating Systems Integration
1140:, a C and C++ IDE for the GNOME environment
747:of new code in the version control system,
2983:
2969:
2961:
2704:
2423:
2409:
2401:
1260:can be an issue when developers integrate
739:. DevOps includes continuous development,
567:
553:
31:
1441:
871:. If the project incorporates a piece of
2614:Software development process/methodology
582:is the process used to create software.
1277:
723:Beyond agile, some companies integrate
39:
3693:Knowledge representation and reasoning
2026:
1968:
1956:
1944:
1809:
1797:
1749:
1725:
1696:
1684:
1631:
1607:
1595:
1583:
1571:
1559:
1547:
1535:
1516:
1504:
1492:
1411:
1384:
1369:
1345:
1330:
1318:
1296:
1284:
1109:Software development effort estimation
521:Electrical and electronics engineering
3718:Philosophy of artificial intelligence
2362:Effective Software Project Management
1016:Software development is performed by
7:
3044:Energy consumption (Green computing)
2935:
2629:Software verification and validation
2532:Component-based software engineering
1917:
1905:
1893:
1882:Winters, Manshreck & Wright 2020
1846:Winters, Manshreck & Wright 2020
1834:Winters, Manshreck & Wright 2020
1762:Winters, Manshreck & Wright 2020
1480:
1457:Winters, Manshreck & Wright 2020
3723:Distributed artificial intelligence
3002:ACM Computing Classification System
1933:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1870:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1858:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1822:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1786:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1774:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1738:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1709:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1668:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1656:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1644:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1620:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1586:, pp. 117, 127, 131, 137, 141.
1469:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1430:Information and Software Technology
1397:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1358:Tucker, Morelli & de Silva 2011
1050:Computer-aided software engineering
1045:Computer-aided software engineering
639:computer-aided software engineering
3235:Integrated development environment
2104:Software Testing in The Real World
1146:integrated development environment
1129:Integrated development environment
631:integrated development environment
25:
3703:Automated planning and scheduling
3240:Software configuration management
2609:Software configuration management
2476:Search-based software engineering
2461:Experimental software engineering
1207:is a framework that provides the
1093:application programming interface
447:Standards and bodies of knowledge
3957:
3947:
3938:
3937:
2945:
2944:
2934:
2388:
2205:Dynamics of Software Development
1199:Matrix of Views and Perspectives
1164:, and semi-automation of tests.
1052:(CASE) is tools for the partial
827:Software analysis begins with a
718:Open-source software development
655:Software development methodology
3948:
3351:Computational complexity theory
2145:. Addison-Wesley Professional.
2107:. Addison-Wesley Professional.
1980:Edward J. Barkmeyer ea (2003).
1152:. IDEs often include automated
1060:it (for example, to change the
1008:changed or were misunderstood.
784:Software development life cycle
751:of the new code, and sometimes
539:Outline of software development
3142:Network performance evaluation
2456:Empirical software engineering
2267:. IGI Global. pp. 45–97.
665:evolutionary prototyping model
1:
3506:Multimedia information system
3491:Geographic information system
3481:Enterprise information system
3077:Computer systems organization
2305:. IGI Global. pp. 1–20.
3865:Computational social science
3453:Theoretical computer science
3273:Software development process
3049:Electronic design automation
3034:Very Large Scale Integration
2481:Site reliability engineering
2225:Software industry accounting
1443:10.1016/j.infsof.2016.10.001
1221:software development process
909:. An example of this is the
869:entity relationship diagrams
3989:Software project management
3688:Natural language processing
3476:Information storage systems
2486:Social software engineering
2358:Wysocki, Robert K. (2006).
2244:Rittinghouse, John (2003).
1003:Software release life cycle
907:object-oriented programming
4015:
3604:Human–computer interaction
3574:Intrusion detection system
3486:Social information systems
3471:Database management system
2624:Software quality assurance
2223:Morris, Joseph M. (2001).
2183:Langer, Arthur M. (2016).
1171:
1106:
1071:
1000:
955:
928:
882:
652:
302:Software quality assurance
3933:
3870:Computational engineering
3845:Computational mathematics
2998:
2930:
2320:Wiegers, Karl E. (2005).
913:, an interface between a
865:state transition diagrams
687:, feasibility, analysis,
3880:Computational healthcare
3875:Differentiable computing
3794:Graphics processing unit
3220:Domain-specific language
3089:Computational complexity
2780:Model-driven engineering
2579:Functional specification
2562:Software incompatibility
2471:Requirements engineering
2082:Dooley, John F. (2017).
2006:. O'Reilly Media. 2020.
1812:, pp. 108–110, 206.
915:graphical user interface
761:security vulnerabilities
287:Configuration management
3855:Computational chemistry
3789:Photograph manipulation
3680:Artificial intelligence
3496:Decision support system
2574:Enterprise architecture
2343:. O'Reilly Media, Inc.
2122:Hasted, Edward (2005).
1989:25 January 2017 at the
991:test-driven development
511:Artificial intelligence
3920:Educational technology
3751:Reinforcement learning
3501:Process control system
3399:Computational geometry
3389:Algorithmic efficiency
3384:Analysis of algorithms
3039:Systems on Chip (SoCs)
2785:Round-trip engineering
2542:Backward compatibility
2537:Software compatibility
2202:McCarthy, Jim (1995).
2141:Hohmann, Luke (2003).
1200:
1141:
1074:Software documentation
767:as early as possible (
725:information technology
672:
643:software documentation
435:Infrastructure as code
281:Supporting disciplines
3890:Electronic publishing
3860:Computational biology
3850:Computational physics
3746:Unsupervised learning
3660:Distributed computing
3536:Information retrieval
3443:Mathematical analysis
3433:Mathematical software
3323:Theory of computation
3288:Software construction
3278:Requirements analysis
3156:Software organization
3084:Computer architecture
3054:Hardware acceleration
3019:Printed circuit board
2604:Software architecture
2557:Forward compatibility
2229:John Wiley & Sons
2063:Davis, A. M. (2005).
1670:, pp. 31–32, 35.
1258:Intellectual property
1253:Intellectual property
1194:
1136:
987:compatibility testing
911:model–view–controller
891:programming languages
829:requirements analysis
662:
292:Deployment management
3994:Computer occupations
3984:Software development
3650:Concurrent computing
3622:Ubiquitous computing
3594:Application security
3589:Information security
3418:Discrete mathematics
3394:Randomized algorithm
3346:Computability theory
3331:Model of computation
3303:Software maintenance
3298:Software engineering
3260:Software development
3210:Programming language
3205:Programming paradigm
3122:Network architecture
2902:Computer engineering
2599:Software archaeology
2589:Programming paradigm
2501:Software maintenance
2446:Computer programming
2432:Software engineering
2397:at Wikimedia Commons
2395:Software development
2126:. Wiley Publishing.
2101:Kit, Edward (1992).
1348:, pp. 2–3, 5–6.
1266:open-source licenses
1219:, to be used in the
1062:programming language
1030:open-source software
931:computer programming
817:return on investment
619:software programmers
608:Software engineering
580:Software development
112:Paradigms and models
41:Software development
18:Software Development
3999:Product development
3925:Document management
3915:Operations research
3840:Enterprise software
3756:Multi-task learning
3741:Supervised learning
3463:Information systems
3293:Software deployment
3250:Software repository
3104:Real-time computing
2922:Systems engineering
2907:Information science
2687:Service orientation
2639:Structured analysis
2547:Compatibility layer
2491:Software deployment
2324:. Microsoft Press.
2208:. Microsoft Press.
2044:Conde, Dan (2002).
1971:, pp. 246–247.
1848:, pp. 193–195.
1574:, pp. 103–104.
1562:, pp. 193–194.
1158:syntax highlighting
1123:mobile applications
1018:software developers
983:integration testing
849:structured analysis
710:extreme programming
35:Part of a series on
3708:Search methodology
3655:Parallel computing
3612:Interaction design
3521:Computing platform
3448:Numerical analysis
3438:Information theory
3230:Software framework
3193:Software notations
3132:Network components
3029:Integrated circuit
2912:Project management
2677:Object orientation
2644:Essential analysis
2552:Compatibility mode
2048:. Aspatore Books.
1201:
1142:
853:data-flow diagrams
769:shift-left testing
673:
612:project management
430:Release automation
307:Project management
3971:
3970:
3900:Electronic voting
3830:Quantum Computing
3823:Applied computing
3809:Image compression
3579:Hardware security
3569:Security services
3526:Digital marketing
3313:Open-source model
3225:Modeling language
3137:Network scheduler
2958:
2957:
2885:
2884:
2826:Information model
2730:Incremental model
2584:Modeling language
2393:Media related to
2350:978-1-4920-8276-7
2312:978-1-7998-1865-6
2293:978-1-4398-8460-7
2274:978-1-7998-1865-6
2248:. Digital Press.
2194:978-1-4471-6799-0
2093:978-1-4842-3153-1
2029:, pp. 44–45.
1908:, pp. 52–53.
1896:, pp. 50–51.
1788:, pp. 14–15.
1764:, pp. 30–31.
1658:, pp. 34–35.
1646:, pp. 31–32.
1483:, pp. 46–47.
1399:, pp. 41–42.
1247:Fitness functions
1242:Fitness functions
1103:Effort estimation
1097:technical writers
974:quality assurance
857:data dictionaries
737:computer security
693:quality assurance
671:development model
663:Flowchart of the
577:
576:
468:ISO/IEC standards
16:(Redirected from
4006:
3961:
3960:
3951:
3950:
3941:
3940:
3761:Cross-validation
3733:Machine learning
3617:Social computing
3584:Network security
3379:Algorithm design
3308:Programming team
3268:Control variable
3245:Software library
3183:Software quality
3178:Operating system
3127:Network protocol
2992:Computer science
2985:
2978:
2971:
2962:
2948:
2947:
2938:
2937:
2897:Computer science
2705:
2619:Software quality
2511:Systems analysis
2506:Software testing
2425:
2418:
2411:
2402:
2392:
2377:
2365:
2354:
2335:
2316:
2297:
2278:
2259:
2240:
2227:(2nd ed.).
2219:
2198:
2179:
2156:
2137:
2118:
2097:
2078:
2059:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2000:
1994:
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1972:
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1960:
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1948:
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1873:
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1807:
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1783:
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1735:
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1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1520:
1519:, pp. 3, 8.
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1421:
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1373:
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1355:
1349:
1343:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1119:web applications
1058:reverse engineer
1040:Models and tools
1024:, user support,
978:Acceptance tests
958:software testing
946:Code refactoring
683:In the top-down
625:, user support,
569:
562:
555:
516:Computer science
425:Build automation
32:
21:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3958:
3929:
3910:Word processing
3818:
3804:Virtual reality
3765:
3727:
3698:Computer vision
3674:
3670:Multiprocessing
3636:
3598:
3564:Security hacker
3540:
3516:Digital library
3457:
3408:Mathematics of
3403:
3365:
3341:Automata theory
3336:Formal language
3317:
3283:Software design
3254:
3187:
3173:Virtual machine
3151:
3147:Network service
3108:
3099:Embedded system
3072:
3005:
2994:
2989:
2959:
2954:
2926:
2917:Risk management
2881:
2850:
2789:
2770:Waterfall model
2740:Prototype model
2735:Iterative model
2696:
2672:Aspect-oriented
2655:
2634:Software system
2515:
2496:Software design
2434:
2429:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2357:
2351:
2338:
2332:
2319:
2313:
2300:
2294:
2281:
2275:
2262:
2256:
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2222:
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2201:
2195:
2182:
2159:
2153:
2140:
2134:
2121:
2115:
2100:
2094:
2081:
2075:
2062:
2056:
2043:
2039:
2037:Further reading
2034:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1991:Wayback Machine
1979:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
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1691:
1683:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1634:, pp. 8–9.
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1550:, pp. 2–3.
1546:
1542:
1534:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1495:, p. 1.10.
1491:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1414:, pp. 1–2.
1410:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1344:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1321:, pp. 8–9.
1317:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1255:
1244:
1228:complex systems
1189:
1176:
1174:Version control
1170:
1168:Version control
1162:version control
1131:
1115:project manager
1111:
1105:
1091:that cover the
1083:for each file,
1076:
1070:
1047:
1042:
1014:
1005:
999:
960:
954:
933:
927:
899:database design
895:trial and error
887:
885:software design
881:
873:legacy software
825:
800:market research
796:
781:
691:, development,
685:waterfall model
657:
651:
635:version control
596:software design
573:
544:
543:
534:
526:
525:
506:
498:
497:
448:
440:
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390:
380:
379:
325:
317:
316:
312:User experience
282:
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164:
153:
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113:
105:
104:
50:
49:Core activities
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3852:
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3837:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3814:Solid modeling
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3713:Control method
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3665:Multithreading
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3559:Formal methods
3556:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3531:World Wide Web
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3467:
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3405:
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3396:
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3386:
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3375:
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3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
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3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
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3247:
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3237:
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3227:
3222:
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3201:
3199:
3189:
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3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
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3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2942:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2890:Related fields
2887:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2821:Function model
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2725:Executable UML
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2654:
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2636:
2631:
2626:
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2534:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2466:Formal methods
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2384:
2383:External links
2381:
2379:
2378:
2372:
2355:
2349:
2336:
2330:
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2292:
2279:
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2260:
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2241:
2220:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2180:
2170:(2): 117–118.
2157:
2151:
2138:
2132:
2119:
2113:
2098:
2092:
2079:
2073:
2060:
2054:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2019:
2013:978-1492043454
2012:
1995:
1973:
1961:
1959:, p. 239.
1949:
1947:, p. 236.
1937:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1884:, p. 204.
1874:
1872:, p. 144.
1862:
1860:, p. 143.
1850:
1838:
1836:, p. 192.
1826:
1824:, p. 243.
1814:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1766:
1754:
1742:
1730:
1713:
1701:
1699:, p. 272.
1689:
1672:
1660:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1612:
1610:, p. 142.
1600:
1598:, p. 106.
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1172:Main article:
1169:
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1130:
1127:
1107:Main article:
1104:
1101:
1072:Main article:
1069:
1066:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1034:business model
1022:graphic design
1013:
1010:
998:
995:
956:Main article:
953:
950:
929:Main article:
926:
923:
883:Main article:
880:
877:
842:multiprocessor
838:multi-threaded
824:
821:
802:including the
795:
792:
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777:
757:
756:
721:
696:
681:
653:Main article:
650:
647:
623:graphic design
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3:
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3800:
3799:Mixed reality
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3632:Accessibility
3630:
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3627:Visualization
3625:
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3094:Dependability
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2708:Developmental
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2569:Data modeling
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2295:
2289:
2286:. CRC Press.
2285:
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2206:
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2196:
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2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2163:IEEE Software
2158:
2154:
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2144:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2105:
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2076:
2070:
2066:
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2051:
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2036:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1935:, p. 68.
1934:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1920:, p. 45.
1919:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1887:
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1875:
1871:
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1847:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1800:, p. 22.
1799:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1740:, p. 37.
1739:
1734:
1731:
1728:, p. 10.
1727:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1693:
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1664:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1625:
1622:, p. 31.
1621:
1616:
1613:
1609:
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1601:
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1477:
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1459:, p. 17.
1458:
1453:
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1439:
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1431:
1427:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1387:, p. 13.
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1372:, p. 11.
1371:
1366:
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1342:
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1299:, p. 12.
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1081:code comments
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1068:Documentation
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161:Methodologies
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55:Data modeling
53:
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45:
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38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
3895:Cyberwarfare
3554:Cryptography
3259:
2836:Object model
2831:Metamodeling
2760:Spiral model
2660:Orientations
2361:
2340:
2321:
2302:
2283:
2264:
2245:
2224:
2204:
2187:. Springer.
2184:
2167:
2161:
2142:
2123:
2103:
2083:
2064:
2045:
2022:
2003:
1998:
1982:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1877:
1865:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1781:
1776:, p. 7.
1769:
1757:
1752:, p. 2.
1745:
1733:
1711:, p. 9.
1704:
1692:
1687:, p. 9.
1663:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1538:, p. 8.
1512:
1507:, p. 7.
1500:
1488:
1476:
1471:, p. 6.
1464:
1452:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1392:
1365:
1360:, p. 8.
1353:
1333:, p. 9.
1326:
1314:
1304:
1292:
1287:, p. 1.
1280:
1256:
1245:
1225:
1202:
1177:
1143:
1112:
1077:
1048:
1017:
1015:
1006:
969:Code reviews
961:
934:
888:
846:
826:
804:demographics
797:
788:applications
782:
773:
758:
674:
616:
579:
578:
415:UML Modeling
410:GUI designer
75:Construction
65:Requirements
40:
29:
3905:Video games
3885:Digital art
3642:Concurrency
3511:Data mining
3423:Probability
3163:Interpreter
2527:Abstraction
2027:Langer 2016
1969:Dooley 2017
1957:Dooley 2017
1945:Dooley 2017
1810:Langer 2016
1798:Langer 2016
1750:Dooley 2017
1726:Langer 2016
1697:Dooley 2017
1685:Langer 2016
1632:Langer 2016
1608:Dooley 2017
1596:Langer 2016
1584:Langer 2016
1572:Langer 2016
1560:Dooley 2017
1548:Langer 2016
1536:Langer 2016
1517:Dooley 2017
1505:Langer 2016
1493:Morris 2001
1412:Vishnu 2019
1385:Dooley 2017
1370:Dooley 2017
1346:Langer 2016
1331:Dooley 2017
1319:Dooley 2017
1297:Dooley 2017
1285:Dooley 2017
1262:open-source
1236:engineering
1217:environment
1150:text editor
938:maintenance
925:Programming
844:computers.
794:Feasibility
745:integration
592:source code
588:maintaining
584:Programming
133:Prototyping
128:Incremental
100:Maintenance
80:Engineering
3978:Categories
3963:Glossaries
3835:E-commerce
3428:Statistics
3371:Algorithms
3168:Middleware
3024:Peripheral
2846:View model
2811:Data model
2373:0764596365
2331:0735622671
2255:155558313X
2215:1556158238
2152:0201775948
2133:0764597833
2114:0201877562
2086:. Apress.
2074:0932633641
2055:1587622025
1993:NIST 2003.
1272:References
1209:viewpoints
1205:view model
1187:View model
1054:automation
1001:See also:
997:Production
861:pseudocode
749:deployment
735:including
505:Glossaries
95:Deployment
3784:Rendering
3779:Animation
3410:computing
3361:Semantics
3059:Processor
2855:Languages
2366:. Wiley.
2176:215832531
1918:Saif 2019
1906:Saif 2019
1894:Saif 2019
1481:Saif 2019
1436:: 55–79.
1234:. In the
1232:expertise
1154:compiling
1026:marketing
964:Debugging
867:, and/or
834:decompose
809:marketing
733:DevSecOps
700:iterative
669:iterative
627:marketing
324:Practices
148:Waterfall
123:Cleanroom
90:Debugging
60:Processes
3943:Category
3771:Graphics
3546:Security
3215:Compiler
3114:Networks
3011:Hardware
2950:Category
2816:ER model
2682:Ontology
2594:Software
2520:Concepts
2237:53863959
2172:ProQuest
1987:Archived
1215:and its
917:and the
903:patterns
823:Analysis
813:features
753:delivery
533:Outlines
463:ISO 9001
405:Profiler
400:Debugger
395:Compiler
370:Stand-up
3953:Outline
2940:Commons
2765:V-model
1211:on the
1012:Workers
952:Testing
919:backend
741:testing
633:(IDE),
604:release
600:testing
204:Lean SD
143:V model
85:Testing
2701:Models
2451:DevOps
2439:Fields
2370:
2347:
2328:
2309:
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2271:
2252:
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2212:
2191:
2174:
2149:
2130:
2111:
2090:
2071:
2052:
2010:
1213:system
1180:backup
1138:Anjuta
1089:method
1087:, and
879:Design
729:DevOps
689:design
641:, and
478:SWEBOK
199:Kanban
174:DevOps
138:Spiral
70:Design
3356:Logic
3197:tools
2877:SysML
2801:SPICE
2794:Other
2755:Scrum
2715:Agile
2667:Agile
2651:CI/CD
1085:class
779:Steps
714:Scrum
705:Agile
698:With
667:, an
602:, to
473:PMBOK
388:Tools
249:SEMAT
244:Scrum
118:Agile
3195:and
3068:Form
3064:Size
2862:IDEF
2806:CMMI
2692:SDLC
2368:ISBN
2345:ISBN
2326:ISBN
2307:ISBN
2288:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2250:ISBN
2233:OCLC
2210:ISBN
2189:ISBN
2147:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2109:ISBN
2088:ISBN
2069:ISBN
2050:ISBN
2008:ISBN
1309:USA)
1197:TEAF
1195:The
765:bugs
763:and
712:and
590:the
586:and
488:IREB
483:ITIL
453:CMMI
330:ATDD
239:SAFe
209:LeSS
184:DSDM
2872:USL
2867:UML
2745:RAD
2720:EUP
1438:doi
1144:An
1121:or
1064:).
731:or
606:.
493:OMG
420:IDE
375:TDD
365:SBE
355:DDD
340:CCO
335:BDD
259:TSP
254:TDD
234:RUP
229:RAD
224:PSP
219:MSF
214:MDD
194:IID
189:FDD
179:DAD
169:ASD
3980::
3066:/
2775:XP
2750:UP
2231:.
2168:12
2166:.
1925:^
1716:^
1675:^
1524:^
1434:82
1432:.
1428:.
1404:^
1377:^
1338:^
1203:A
1156:,
1125:.
1099:.
993:.
921:.
863:,
859:,
855:,
790:.
743:,
716:.
645:.
637:,
598:,
360:PP
350:CD
345:CI
269:XP
264:UP
3004:.
2984:e
2977:t
2970:v
2424:e
2417:t
2410:v
2376:.
2353:.
2334:.
2315:.
2296:.
2277:.
2258:.
2239:.
2218:.
2197:.
2178:.
2155:.
2136:.
2117:.
2096:.
2077:.
2058:.
2016:.
1446:.
1440::
568:e
561:t
554:v
20:)
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