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1427:(AFM) are often used to characterize forms of soft matter due to their applicability to mapping systems at the nanoscale. These imaging techniques are not universally appropriate to all classes of soft matter and some systems may be more suited to one kind of analysis than another. For example, there are limited applications in imaging hydrogels with TEM due to the processes required for imaging. However,
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Colloids are non-soluble particles suspended in a medium, such as proteins in an aqueous solution. Research into colloids is primarily focused on understanding the organization of matter, with the large structures of colloids, relative to individual molecules, large enough that they can be readily
1397:
methods are often employed to model and understand soft matter systems, as they have the ability to strictly control the composition and environment of the structures being investigated, as well as span from microscopic to macroscopic length scales. Computational methods are limited, however, by
1318:
Due to the importance of mesoscale structures in the overarching properties of soft matter, experimental work is primarily focused on the bulk properties of the materials. Rheology is often used to investigate the physical changes of the material under stress. Biological systems, such as protein
997:), and yet are much smaller than the macroscopic (overall) scale of the material. The properties and interactions of these mesoscopic structures may determine the macroscopic behavior of the material. The large number of constituents forming these mesoscopic structures, and the large
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Self-assembly is an inherent characteristic of soft matter systems. The characteristic complex behavior and hierarchical structures arise spontaneously as a system evolves towards equilibrium. Self-assembly can be classified as static when the resulting structure is due to a
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into mesoscopic physical structures. The assembly of the mesoscale structures that form the macroscale material is governed by low energies, and these low energy associations allow for the thermal and mechanical deformation of the material. By way of contrast, in hard
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Soft materials are important in a wide range of technological applications, and each soft material can often be associated with multiple disciplines. Liquid crystals, for example, were originally discovered in the biological sciences when the botanist and chemist
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Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating subunits whose characteristics are governed by their environment and composition. Polymers encompass synthetic plastics, natural fibers and rubbers, and biological proteins. Polymer research finds applications in
1020:
are mesoscopic because they individually consist of a vast number of molecules, and yet the foam itself consists of a great number of these bubbles, and the overall mechanical stiffness of the foam emerges from the combined interactions of the bubbles.
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with no changes in the pattern at any mesoscopic scale. Unlike hard materials, where only small distortions occur from thermal or mechanical agitation, soft matter can undergo local rearrangements of the microscopic building blocks.
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are much smaller than the overall quantity of liquid and yet much larger than its individual molecules, and the emergence of these vortices controls the overall flowing behavior of the material. Also, the bubbles that compose a
901:. Together, they postulated that the chemical stability, ease of deformation, and permeability of certain polymer networks in aqueous environments would have a significant impact on medicine, and were the inventors of the soft
1231:, that have a high solvent/content ratio. Research into functionalizing gels that are sensitive to mechanical and thermal stress, as well as solvent choice, has given rise to diverse structures with characteristics such as
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Soft matter consists of a diverse range of interrelated systems and can be broadly categorized into certain classes. These classes are by no means distinct, as often there are overlaps between two or more groups.
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Liquid crystals can consist of proteins, small molecules, or polymers, that can be manipulated to form cohesive order in a specific direction. They exhibit liquid-like behavior in that they can
1511:. Polymers also encompass biological molecules such as proteins, where research insights from soft matter research have been applied to better understand topics like protein crystallization.
1553:
to the concepts of soft matter physics. Applications of soft matter characteristics are used to understand biologically relevant topics such as membrane mobility, as well as the rheology of
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Historically the problems considered in the early days of soft matter science were those pertaining to the biological sciences. As such, an important application of soft matter research is
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minimum, or dynamic when the system is caught in a metastable state. Dynamic self-assembly can be utilized in the functional design of soft materials with these metastable states through
863:
in 1889. The experimental setup that
Lehmann used to investigate the two melting points of cholesteryl benzoate are still used in the research of liquid crystals as of about 2019.
1522:. The physical properties available to foams have resulted in applications which can be based on their viscosity, with more rigid and self-supporting forms of foams being used as
3748:
Wu, H., Friedrich, H., Patterson, J. P., Sommerdijk, N. A. J. M., de, N. (2020), "Liquid-Phase
Electron Microscopy for Soft Matter Science and Biology".
1024:
Typical bond energies in soft matter structures are of similar scale to thermal energies. Therefore the structures are constantly affected by thermal fluctuations and undergo
706:
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this causes, results in a general disorder between the large-scale structures. This disorder leads to the loss of long-range order that is characteristic of hard matter.
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molecule; a common scaffold used in the formation of gels. The atoms are colored such that red represents oxygen, cyan represents carbon, and white represents hydrogen.
4184:- a blog run by graduate students and postdocs that makes soft matter more accessible through bite-sized posts that summarize current and classic soft matter research
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found in tires. Polymers encompass a large range of soft matter, with applications in material science. An example of this is hydrogel. With the ability to undergo
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in the prediction of soft matter properties is also a growing field in computer science thanks to the large amount of data available for soft matter systems.
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was unheard of at the time, with the scientific consensus being that the recorded high molecular weights of compounds like natural rubber were instead due to
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Lin, Qianming; Li, Longyu; Tang, Miao; Uenuma, Shuntaro; Samanta, Jayanta; Li, Shangda; Jiang, Xuanfeng; Zou, Lingyi; Ito, Kohzo; Ke, Chenfeng (2021).
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aspects are generally unimportant. When soft materials interact favorably with surfaces, they become squashed without an external compressive force.
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of the constituents in the system. There are limitations in the application of scattering techniques to some systems, as they can be more suited to
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American
Chemical Society International Historic Chemical Landmarks. Foundations of Polymer Science: Hermann Staudinger and Macromolecules.
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states. This characteristic can allow for recovery of initial state through an external stimulus, which is often exploited in research.
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3671:"General procedure for evaluating amorphous scattering and crystallinity from X-ray diffraction scans of semicrystalline polymers"
1821:"Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen"
1499:. Due to their stimuli responsive behavior, 3D printing of hydrogels has found applications in a diverse range of fields, such as
1420:
913:
1823:[On the Movement of Small Particles Suspended in Stationary Liquids Required by the Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Heat].
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Interesting behaviors arise from soft matter in ways that cannot be predicted, or are difficult to predict, directly from its
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their suitability to the system and must be regularly validated against experimental results to ensure accuracy. The use of
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can also be used for materials when probing for the average properties of the constituents. These methods can determine
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in simple systems can be generalized to the more complex cases found in soft matter, in particular, to the behaviors of
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4147:"Soft Matter and Biomaterials on the Nanoscale: The WSPC Reference on Functional Nanomaterials — Part I (In 4 Volumes)"
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constituents. Materials termed soft matter exhibit this property due to a shared propensity of these materials to
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Peerless, James S.; Milliken, Nina J. B.; Oweida, Thomas J.; Manning, Matthew D.; Yingling, Yaroslava G. (2019).
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The self-assembly of individual phospholipids into colloids (Liposome and
Micelle) or a membrane (bilayer sheet).
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it is often possible to predict the overall behavior of a material because the molecules are organized into a
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that can be deformed or structurally altered by thermal or mechanical stress which is of similar magnitude to
604:
3774:"Nanomechanical mapping of soft materials with the atomic force microscope: methods, theory and applications"
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803:
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3208:"Exploring Macrocycles in Functional Supramolecular Gels: From Stimuli Responsiveness to Systems Chemistry"
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are another example of soft materials, where the constituent elements in liquid crystals can self-propel.
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The crystalline optical properties of liquid crystals and their ability to flow were first described by
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777:. These materials share an important common feature in that predominant physical behaviors occur at an
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of physical structures. The structures are much larger than the microscopic scale (the arrangement of
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1272:, yet they can obtain close-to-crystal alignment. One feature of liquid crystals is their ability to
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2646:"Dynamic Macromolecular Material Design-The Versatility of Cyclodextrin-Based Host-Guest Chemistry"
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http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/staudingerpolymerscience.html
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Hermann
Staudinger – Biographical. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 13 Feb 2023.
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2012:
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The Nobel Prize in
Physics 1991. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 13 Feb 2023.
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Miller, Daniel S.; Carlton, Rebecca J.; Mushenheim, Peter C.; Abbott, Nicholas L. (2013-03-12).
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2300:
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or makeup. Foams have also found biomedical applications in tissue engineering as scaffolds and
2395:"Fracture in soft elastic materials: Continuum description, molecular aspects and applications"
2089:
852:). This work built on established research into systems that would now be considered colloids.
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Chen, Daniel T.N.; Wen, Qi; Janmey, Paul A.; Crocker, John C.; Yodh, Arjun G. (2010-08-10).
2503:
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1996:
1949:
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Cartoon representation of the molecular order of crystal, liquid crystal, and liquid states.
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1028:. The ease of deformation and influence of low energy interactions regularly result in slow
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R.G. Larson, "The
Structure and Rheology of Complex Fluids," Oxford University Press (1999)
912:. The work of de Gennes across different forms of soft matter was key to understanding its
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4371:
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Maimouni, Ilham; Cejas, Cesare M.; Cossy, Janine; Tabeling, Patrick; Russo, Maria (2020).
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induced flow or phase transitions. However, excessive external stimuli often result in
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1205:. Foams are also used in automotive for water and dust sealing and noise reduction.
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3927:
3887:
3815:
3735:
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3473:
3278:
2914:
2841:
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1706:
Carroll, Gregory T.; Jongejan, Mahthild G. M.; Pijper, Dirk; Feringa, Ben L. (2010).
1642:
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These seemingly separate fields were dramatically influenced and brought together by
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355:
336:
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219:
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2016:
1969:
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can be used in understanding the average structure and lipid mobility of membranes.
4480:
3569:
3377:
2818:"Kinetic trapping of 3D-printable cyclodextrin-based poly(pseudo)rotaxane networks"
2233:
1572:
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902:
569:
559:
529:
489:
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464:
309:
289:
149:
3831:"Introduction to Optical Methods for Characterizing Liquid Crystals at Interfaces"
3456:
3439:
2044:
1201:, and are undergoing active research in the biomedical field of drug delivery and
2833:
2508:
2483:
1276:. Liquid crystals have found significant applications in optical devices such as
4200:- a wiki dedicated to simple liquids, complex fluids, and soft condensed matter.
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589:
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3171:
2710:
1079:, which differs significantly from the general fracture mechanics formulation.
4500:
4490:
3270:
2613:
2160:
1937:
1922:
1878:
1861:
1546:
1419:
can be used in the study of colloidal systems, but more advanced methods like
1411:
1345:
1340:
1228:
1220:
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1005:
928:
structures the underlying chemistry creates. He extended the understanding of
499:
341:
134:
17:
4020:
3968:
3919:
3854:
3799:
3727:
3637:
3517:
3465:
3416:
3361:
3255:"Naturally biomimicked smart shape memory hydrogels for biomedical functions"
3231:
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3122:
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2898:
2783:
2718:
2571:
2517:
2376:
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2008:
1961:
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1820:
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4093:
Nanostructured Soft Matter - Experiment, Theory, Simulation and
Perspectives
3352:
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2342:
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1515:
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to determine the ordering of the material under various conditions, such as
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1060:
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of polymer systems, and successfully mapped polymer behavior to that of the
933:
921:
917:
554:
504:
377:
224:
124:
4212:- A group dedicated to Soft Matter Engineering at the University of Florida
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3718:
3655:
3577:
3525:
3424:
3369:
3320:
3312:
3239:
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3078:
3016:
3008:
2977:
2906:
2791:
2736:
2671:
2662:
2645:
2593:
2301:"Exponents for the excluded volume problem as derived by the Wilson method"
2268:
2251:
2193:
2140:
2000:
1902:
1793:
1708:"Spontaneous generation and patterning of chiral polymeric surface toroids"
1672:
1099:
4159:
4000:
3606:"Pathways and challenges towards a complete characterization of microgels"
3113:
1549:, with a major goal of the discipline being the reduction of the field of
3959:
2950:
2687:"A comparative review of artificial muscles for microsystem applications"
2443:
2077:
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1953/staudinger/biographical/
1622:
1377:
1307:
1120:
1080:
994:
965:
890:
806:, who has been called the "founding father of soft matter," received the
114:
3035:"Microfluidics Mediated Production of Foams for Biomedical Applications"
1032:
of the mesoscopic structures which allows some systems to remain out of
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3773:
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Schmidt, Bernhard V. K. J.; Barner-Kowollik, Christopher (2017-07-10).
1953:
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1707:
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797:
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746:
434:
419:
382:
373:
368:
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Zhan, Shuai; Guo, Amy X. Y.; Cao, Shan
Cecilia; Liu, Na (2022-03-30).
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4192:
3156:"Hydrogel: Preparation, characterization, and applications: A review"
2217:
1777:
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1607:
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has been dispersed to form cavities. This structure imparts a large
1012:
1008:
778:
742:
727:
387:
363:
94:
4206:- organizes, reviews, and summarizes academic papers on soft matter.
846:
must have a similar thermal energy to the fluid itself (of order of
4204:
Harvard School of
Engineering and Applied Sciences Soft Matter Wiki
3560:
2873:
1682:
874:, was the first person to suggest that polymers are formed through
4176:
1554:
1130:
1114:
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770:
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allows for the elastic deformation of the large-scale structure.
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Statistical thermodynamics of surfaces, interfaces and membranes
3393:"Liquid Crystals: Versatile Self-Organized Smart Soft Materials"
1597:
1587:
1460:. Now, however, liquid crystals have also found applications as
1180:
1017:
990:
961:
754:
4224:
2094:
Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series)
1530:, and foams that exhibit the ability to flow being used in the
1431:
can be readily applied. Liquid crystals are often probed using
1306:. The localized, low energy associated with the forming of the
4177:
American Physical Society Topical Group on Soft Matter (GSOFT)
2393:
Spagnoli, A.; Brighenti, R.; Cosma, M.P.; Terzano, M. (2022),
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2145:. Vijay Kumar Thakur, Manju Kumari Thakur. Singapore. 2018.
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in 1991 for discovering that methods developed for studying
4181:
3888:"Autonomous materials systems from active liquid crystals"
3702:"Soft Matter Informatics: Current Progress and Challenges"
3097:"Recent Trends of Foaming in Polymer Processing: A Review"
796:
is considered the dominant factor. At these temperatures,
3440:"Mirror symmetry breaking in liquids and liquid crystals"
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4005:. Paulo Netti. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing. 2014.
3943:"3D Printing Soft Matters and Applications: A Review"
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Kleman, Maurice; Lavrentovich, Oleg D., eds. (2003).
4002:
Biomedical foams for tissue engineering applications
2256:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
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that link smaller molecules together. The idea of a
4534:
4471:
4399:
4315:
4287:
4259:
3295:Hamley, Ian W.; Castelletto, Valeria (2007-06-11).
1495:, hydrogels are well suited for the development of
1479:Polymers have found diverse applications, from the
1185:Foams consist of a liquid or solid through which a
830:The current understanding of soft matter grew from
4062:Structured Fluids: Polymers, Colloids, Surfactants
3336:"Colloidal matter: Packing, geometry, and entropy"
3206:Qi, Zhenhui; Schalley, Christoph A. (2014-07-15).
2857:"Microscopic precursors of failure in soft matter"
916:, where material properties are not based on the
893:in the biomedical field was pioneered in 1960 by
1319:crystallization, are often investigated through
1193:on the system. Foams have found applications in
985:A defining characteristic of soft matter is the
2250:Joanny, Jean-François; Cates, Michael (2019).
4236:
3391:Bisoyi, Hari Krishna; Li, Quan (2022-03-09).
700:
8:
2401:, vol. 55, Elsevier, pp. 255–307,
737:The science of soft matter is a subfield of
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3947:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
3542:Fusco, Diana; Charbonneau, Patrick (2016).
3494:"Soft Matter in Lipid–Protein Interactions"
2938:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2685:Shi, Mayue; Yeatman, Eric M. (2021-11-23).
1294:Biological membranes consist of individual
932:in liquid crystals, introduced the idea of
4243:
4229:
4221:
2626:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2173:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1518:, or be created intentionally, such as by
1298:molecules that have self-assembled into a
1119:Host-guest complex of polyethylene glycol
707:
693:
47:
36:
4057:, Oxford University Press, Oxford (2002).
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2544:Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics
2507:
2366:
2343:"Grand Challenges in Soft Matter Physics"
2267:
1942:Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly
1938:"Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Cholesterins"
1877:
1844:
2564:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104120
4115:Pattern Formation in Granular Materials
3301:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
2997:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
2650:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
1660:
1514:Foams can naturally occur, such as the
1329:nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
39:
4441:Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
4172:Pierre-Gilles de Gennes' Nobel Lecture
4026:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3548:Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces
3537:
3535:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3290:
3288:
3201:
3199:
3090:
3088:
3028:
3026:
2811:
2809:
2619:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2166:
2028:
2026:
1904:Soft Matter: a Very Short Introduction
1239:molecules selectively and reversibly.
1071:responses. Soft matter becomes highly
1063:responses to external stimuli such as
1011:that naturally occur within a flowing
859:in 1888, and further characterized by
3510:10.1146/annurev-biophys-070816-033843
3334:Manoharan, Vinothan N. (2015-08-28).
2639:
2637:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2388:
2386:
2336:
2334:
2245:
2243:
2194:"Hydrophilic Gels for Biological Use"
7:
4072:Soft Matter Physics: An Introduction
2993:"Nanotechnology with Soft Materials"
2928:Mashaghi, Samaneh; Jadidi, Tayebeh;
2341:van der Gucht, Jasper (2018-08-22).
1989:Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie
1674:Soft Matter Physics: An Introduction
1666:
1664:
27:Subfield of condensed matter physics
4149:, World Scientific Publisher (2020)
4106:M. Daoud, C.E. Williams (editors),
2448:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1677:. New York, NY: Springer New York.
1087:, is often used to investigate the
4216:Google Scholar page on soft matter
4081:, Harvard University Press (2012).
4060:T. A. Witten (with P. A. Pincus),
3438:Tschierske, Carsten (2018-12-08).
2932:; Mashaghi, Alireza (2013-02-21).
2691:Microsystems & Nanoengineering
2484:"Experimental soft-matter science"
2036:An Introduction to Liquid Crystals
1055:Soft materials often exhibit both
25:
4132:, Nobel Lecture, December 9, 1991
4110:, Springer Verlag, Berlin (1999).
4086:Intermolecular and Surface Forces
1862:"Grand Challenges in Soft Matter"
1860:Mezzenga, Raffaele (2021-12-22).
1083:, the study of deformation under
4158:
3669:Murthy, N.S.; Minor, H. (1990).
3492:Brown, Michael F. (2017-05-22).
2142:Hydrogels : recent advances
1421:transmission electron microscopy
1223:3D polymer scaffolds, which are
838:, understanding that a particle
674:
673:
660:
4562:Timeline of physics discoveries
3706:Advanced Theory and Simulations
3604:Scheffold, Frank (2020-09-04).
2482:Nagel, Sidney R. (2017-04-12).
2192:Wichterle, O.; Lím, D. (1960).
3772:Garcia, Ricardo (2020-08-17).
3570:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.023
1754:"Soft matter: more than words"
1466:liquid crystal tunable filters
1:
4095:, Springer/Dordrecht (2007),
4091:A. V. Zvelindovsky (editor),
3457:10.1080/02678292.2018.1501822
3212:Accounts of Chemical Research
2752:"Self-Assembly at All Scales"
2595:Foams: Structure and Dynamics
2442:Jones, Richard A. L. (2002).
2399:Advances in Applied Mechanics
2088:Staudinger, H. (1920-06-12).
1936:Reinitzer, Friedrich (1888).
1314:Experimental characterization
4048:Introduction to Soft Matter
3687:10.1016/0032-3861(90)90243-R
3259:Chemical Engineering Journal
3160:Journal of Advanced Research
2834:10.1016/j.chempr.2021.06.004
2540:"Rheology of Soft Materials"
2509:10.1103/RevModPhys.89.025002
2325:10.1016/0375-9601(72)90149-1
1354:small-angle X-ray scattering
1274:spontaneously break symmetry
1219:Gels consist of non-solvent-
1191:surface-area-to-volume ratio
4526:Quantum information science
3498:Annual Review of Biophysics
3409:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00761
3297:"Biological Soft Materials"
2407:10.1016/bs.aams.2021.07.001
2045:10.1088/2053-2571/ab2a6fch1
1985:"Über fliessende Krystalle"
1470:liquid crystal thermometers
1350:wide-angle X-ray scattering
4604:
4357:Classical electromagnetism
4128:de Gennes, Pierre-Gilles,
3912:10.1038/s41578-020-00272-x
3630:10.1038/s41467-020-17774-5
3172:10.1016/j.jare.2013.07.006
2711:10.1038/s41378-021-00323-5
2130:(accessed Feb 13th, 2023).
2033:DiLisi, Gregory A (2019).
1983:Lehmann, O. (1889-07-01).
1593:Fracture of soft materials
1433:polarized light microscopy
1409:
1387:
1366:particle-size distribution
1338:
1287:
1261:
1246:
1212:
1178:
1147:
260:Spin gapless semiconductor
29:
3271:10.1016/j.cej.2019.122430
2592:Cantat, Isabelle (2013).
2488:Reviews of Modern Physics
1879:10.3389/frsfm.2021.811842
1819:Einstein, Albert (1905).
1304:non-covalent interactions
1235:, or the ability to bind
741:. Soft materials include
200:Electronic band structure
4588:Condensed matter physics
4463:Condensed matter physics
4088:, Academic Press (2010).
4070:and O. D. Lavrentovich,
3892:Nature Reviews Materials
3778:Chemical Society Reviews
2598:(1st ed.). Oxford.
2299:de Gennes, P.G. (1972).
2106:10.1002/cber.19200530627
1866:Frontiers in Soft Matter
1846:10.1002/andp.19053220806
1362:dynamic light scattering
975:condensed matter physics
872:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
870:, recipient of the 1953
739:condensed matter physics
110:Bose–Einstein condensate
41:Condensed matter physics
4210:Soft Matter Engineering
4193:Softmatterresources.com
4139:, Westview Press (2003)
3353:10.1126/science.1253751
3154:Ahmed, Enas M. (2015).
2991:Hamley, Ian W. (2003).
2776:10.1126/science.1070821
2368:10.3389/fphy.2018.00087
1462:liquid-crystal displays
1429:fluorescence microscopy
1425:atomic force microscopy
1325:neutron crystallography
1278:liquid-crystal displays
1169:protein crystallization
910:Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
804:Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
4547:Nobel Prize in Physics
4409:Relativistic mechanics
4033:: CS1 maint: others (
3761:10.1002/adma.202001582
3719:10.1002/adts.201800129
3313:10.1002/anie.200603922
3009:10.1002/anie.200200546
2934:"Lipid Nanotechnology"
2663:10.1002/anie.201612150
2269:10.1098/rsbm.2018.0033
2001:10.1515/zpch-1889-0434
1474:Active liquid crystals
1136:
1128:
1112:
1095:Classes of soft matter
957:
808:Nobel Prize in Physics
781:scale comparable with
4552:Philosophy of physics
4167:at Wikimedia Commons
4084:J. N. Israelachvili,
4055:Soft Condensed Matter
3610:Nature Communications
3114:10.3390/polym11060953
2445:Soft condensed matter
2177:) CS1 maint: others (
2090:"Über Polymerisation"
1901:McLeish, Tom (2020).
1134:
1118:
1102:
955:
724:soft condensed matter
255:Topological insulator
32:Soft Matter (journal)
30:For the journal, see
4511:Mathematical physics
3960:10.3390/ijms23073790
3450:(13–15): 2221–2252.
2951:10.3390/ijms14024242
2347:Frontiers in Physics
1568:Biological membranes
1509:flexible electronics
1380:and dilute samples.
1348:techniques, such as
1284:Biological membranes
884:particle aggregation
732:thermal fluctuations
273:Electronic phenomena
120:Fermionic condensate
4486:Atmospheric physics
4325:Classical mechanics
4253:branches of physics
4188:Softmatterworld.org
4108:Soft Matter Physics
3904:2021NatRM...6..437Z
3622:2020NatCo..11.4315S
2883:2020SMat...16...82C
2768:2002Sci...295.2418W
2762:(5564): 2418–2421.
2703:2021MicNa...7...95S
2556:2010ARCMP...1..301C
2500:2017RvMP...89b5002N
2359:2018FrP.....6...87V
2317:1972PhLA...38..339D
2210:1960Natur.185..117W
1837:1905AnP...322..549E
1770:2005SMat....1...16.
1454:Friedrich Reinitzer
1390:Computer simulation
1290:Biological membrane
979:crystalline lattice
948:Distinctive physics
857:Friedrich Reinitzer
280:Quantum Hall effect
4542:History of physics
4113:Gerald H. Ristow,
4074:, Springer (2003).
3791:10.1039/D0CS00318B
3052:10.3390/mi11010083
2930:Koenderink, Gijsje
2891:10.1039/C9SM01730E
2039:. IOP Publishing.
1954:10.1007/BF01516710
1825:Annalen der Physik
1724:10.1039/c0sc00159g
1603:Granular materials
1520:fire extinguishers
1505:tissue engineering
1456:was investigating
1417:Optical microscopy
1358:neutron scattering
1203:tissue engineering
1137:
1129:
1113:
1107:, an example of a
999:degrees of freedom
958:
920:of the underlying
868:Hermann Staudinger
773:, and a number of
763:granular materials
667:Physics portal
4570:
4569:
4557:Physics education
4506:Materials science
4473:Interdisciplinary
4431:Quantum mechanics
4163:Media related to
4101:978-1-4020-6329-9
4012:978-1-306-47861-8
3847:10.1021/la304679f
3841:(10): 3154–3169.
3784:(16): 5850–5884.
3346:(6251): 1253751.
3307:(24): 4442–4455.
3224:10.1021/ar500193z
3003:(15): 1692–1712.
2656:(29): 8350–8369.
2605:978-0-19-966289-0
2416:978-0-12-824617-7
2305:Physics Letters A
2204:(4706): 117–118.
2152:978-981-10-6077-9
2054:978-1-64327-684-7
1914:978-0-19-880713-1
1692:978-0-387-95267-3
1633:Protein structure
1532:cosmetic industry
1489:vulcanized rubber
1302:structure due to
1161:materials science
1103:A portion of the
1077:crack propagation
1004:For example, the
924:, more so on the
832:Albert Einstein's
717:
716:
425:Granular material
193:Electronic phases
16:(Redirected from
4595:
4496:Chemical physics
4436:Particle physics
4362:Classical optics
4245:
4238:
4231:
4222:
4162:
4064:, Oxford (2004).
4053:R. A. L. Jones,
4039:
4038:
4032:
4024:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3980:
3962:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3866:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3793:
3769:
3763:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3721:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3649:
3601:
3590:
3589:
3563:
3539:
3530:
3529:
3489:
3478:
3477:
3459:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3403:(5): 4887–4926.
3397:Chemical Reviews
3388:
3382:
3381:
3355:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3292:
3283:
3282:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3218:(7): 2222–2233.
3203:
3194:
3193:
3183:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3134:
3116:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3072:
3054:
3030:
3021:
3020:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2971:
2953:
2944:(2): 4242–4282.
2925:
2919:
2918:
2876:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2828:(9): 2442–2459.
2813:
2804:
2803:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2730:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2617:
2589:
2576:
2575:
2535:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2479:
2468:
2467:
2439:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2370:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2271:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2218:10.1038/185117a0
2189:
2183:
2182:
2172:
2164:
2137:
2131:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2100:(6): 1073–1085.
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2030:
2021:
2020:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1881:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1778:10.1039/b419223k
1750:
1744:
1743:
1712:Chemical Science
1703:
1697:
1696:
1668:
1628:Protein dynamics
1123:bound within an
1105:DNA double helix
1091:of soft matter.
1050:kinetic trapping
987:mesoscopic scale
783:room temperature
709:
702:
695:
682:
677:
676:
669:
665:
664:
285:Spin Hall effect
175:Phase transition
145:Luttinger liquid
82:States of matter
65:Phase transition
51:
37:
21:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4530:
4516:Medical physics
4467:
4426:Nuclear physics
4395:
4389:Non-equilibrium
4311:
4283:
4255:
4249:
4156:
4043:
4042:
4025:
4013:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3747:
3743:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3681:(6): 996–1002.
3668:
3667:
3663:
3603:
3602:
3593:
3541:
3540:
3533:
3491:
3490:
3481:
3444:Liquid Crystals
3437:
3436:
3432:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3294:
3293:
3286:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3032:
3031:
3024:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2618:
2606:
2591:
2590:
2579:
2537:
2536:
2525:
2481:
2480:
2471:
2456:
2441:
2440:
2429:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2392:
2391:
2384:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2165:
2153:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2125:
2121:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2055:
2032:
2031:
2024:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1915:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1764:(1): 16. 2005.
1752:
1751:
1747:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1613:Liquid crystals
1563:
1449:
1414:
1408:
1392:
1386:
1343:
1337:
1316:
1292:
1286:
1266:
1260:
1258:Liquid crystals
1251:
1245:
1217:
1211:
1183:
1177:
1152:
1146:
1097:
1089:bulk properties
1026:Brownian motion
950:
836:Brownian motion
828:
816:liquid crystals
812:order phenomena
767:liquid crystals
713:
672:
659:
658:
651:
650:
649:
449:
441:
440:
439:
415:Amorphous solid
409:
399:
398:
397:
376:
358:
348:
347:
346:
335:
333:Antiferromagnet
326:
324:Superparamagnet
317:
304:
303:Magnetic phases
296:
295:
294:
274:
266:
265:
264:
194:
186:
185:
184:
170:Order parameter
164:
163:Phase phenomena
156:
155:
154:
84:
74:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4601:
4599:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4575:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4477:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4405:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4379:Thermodynamics
4376:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4321:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4179:
4174:
4155:
4154:External links
4152:
4151:
4150:
4143:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4111:
4104:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4041:
4040:
4011:
3992:
3933:
3898:(5): 437–453.
3878:
3821:
3764:
3741:
3712:(1): 1800129.
3692:
3661:
3591:
3531:
3504:(1): 379–410.
3479:
3430:
3383:
3326:
3284:
3245:
3195:
3166:(2): 105–121.
3146:
3084:
3022:
2983:
2920:
2847:
2805:
2742:
2677:
2633:
2604:
2577:
2550:(1): 301–322.
2523:
2469:
2454:
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2311:(5): 339–340.
2291:
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2068:
2053:
2022:
1995:(1): 462–472.
1975:
1948:(1): 421–441.
1928:
1913:
1893:
1852:
1831:(8): 549–560.
1811:
1799:
1745:
1698:
1691:
1683:10.1007/b97416
1659:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1618:Microemulsions
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1583:Complex fluids
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1516:head on a beer
1493:shear thinning
1481:natural rubber
1448:
1445:
1441:electric field
1410:Main article:
1407:
1404:
1388:Main article:
1385:
1382:
1339:Main article:
1336:
1333:
1315:
1312:
1288:Main article:
1285:
1282:
1264:Liquid crystal
1262:Main article:
1259:
1256:
1247:Main article:
1244:
1241:
1227:or physically
1213:Main article:
1210:
1207:
1179:Main article:
1176:
1173:
1157:nanotechnology
1148:Main article:
1145:
1142:
1125:α-cyclodextrin
1096:
1093:
949:
946:
936:regarding the
899:Otto Wichterle
876:covalent bonds
827:
824:
786:thermal energy
715:
714:
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430:Liquid crystal
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390:
385:
380:
371:
366:
360:
359:
356:Quasiparticles
354:
353:
350:
349:
345:
344:
339:
330:
321:
315:Superdiamagnet
312:
306:
305:
302:
301:
298:
297:
293:
292:
287:
282:
276:
275:
272:
271:
268:
267:
263:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
240:Thermoelectric
237:
235:Superconductor
232:
227:
222:
217:
215:Mott insulator
212:
207:
202:
196:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
183:
182:
177:
172:
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:
153:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
86:
85:
80:
79:
76:
75:
73:
72:
67:
62:
56:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
18:Soft interface
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4600:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4521:Ocean physics
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4456:Modern optics
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4306:
4305:Computational
4303:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4246:
4241:
4239:
4234:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4161:
4153:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:S. A. Safran,
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4123:3-540-66701-6
4120:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4036:
4030:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3937:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3882:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3665:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3039:Micromachines
3036:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2924:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2494:(2): 025002.
2493:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2455:0-19-850590-6
2451:
2447:
2446:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1944:(in German).
1943:
1939:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1827:(in German).
1826:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1643:Active matter
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:soft robotics
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1395:Computational
1391:
1384:Computational
1383:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:crystallinity
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1165:drug delivery
1162:
1158:
1151:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
983:
980:
976:
971:
970:self-organize
967:
963:
954:
947:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
930:phase changes
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
904:
900:
896:
895:Drahoslav Lím
892:
887:
885:
881:
880:macromolecule
877:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
853:
851:
850:
845:
841:
837:
833:
825:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
799:
795:
791:
788:(of order of
787:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
726:is a type of
725:
721:
710:
705:
703:
698:
696:
691:
690:
688:
687:
681:
671:
668:
663:
657:
656:
655:
654:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
455:Van der Waals
453:
452:
445:
444:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
408:
403:
402:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
357:
352:
351:
343:
340:
338:
334:
331:
329:
325:
322:
320:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
300:
299:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
270:
269:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
250:Ferroelectric
248:
246:
245:Piezoelectric
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
220:Semiconductor
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
197:
190:
189:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
160:
159:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
140:Superfluidity
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
83:
78:
77:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
55:
54:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
33:
19:
4481:Astrophysics
4295:Experimental
4157:
4145:Gang, Oleg,
4136:
4129:
4114:
4107:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4001:
3995:
3950:
3946:
3936:
3895:
3891:
3881:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3752:
3749:
3744:
3709:
3705:
3695:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3613:
3609:
3551:
3547:
3501:
3497:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3304:
3300:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3215:
3211:
3163:
3159:
3149:
3104:
3100:
3042:
3038:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2941:
2937:
2923:
2867:(1): 82–93.
2864:
2860:
2850:
2825:
2821:
2759:
2755:
2745:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2653:
2649:
2594:
2547:
2543:
2491:
2487:
2444:
2420:, retrieved
2398:
2350:
2346:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2259:
2255:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2141:
2135:
2122:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2071:
2035:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1903:
1896:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1802:
1761:
1757:
1748:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1673:
1573:Biomaterials
1551:cell biology
1544:
1513:
1485:latex gloves
1478:
1458:cholesterols
1450:
1447:Applications
1415:
1393:
1344:
1317:
1296:phospholipid
1293:
1267:
1252:
1233:shape-memory
1229:cross-linked
1218:
1184:
1153:
1138:
1054:
1042:
1023:
1003:
984:
959:
914:universality
907:
903:contact lens
888:
865:
861:Otto Lehmann
854:
847:
829:
802:
792:), and that
775:biomaterials
736:
723:
719:
718:
585:von Klitzing
406:
290:Kondo effect
150:Time crystal
130:Fermi liquid
4583:Soft matter
4384:Statistical
4300:Theoretical
4277:Engineering
4165:Soft matter
4130:Soft Matter
4046:I. Hamley,
3953:(7): 3790.
3750:Adv. Mater.
3616:(1): 4315.
2861:Soft Matter
2262:: 143–158.
1758:Soft Matter
1638:Surfactants
1497:3D printing
1437:temperature
1400:informatics
1046:free energy
1034:equilibrium
942:Ising model
889:The use of
720:Soft matter
407:Soft matter
328:Ferromagnet
4577:Categories
4501:Geophysics
4491:Biophysics
4335:Analytical
4288:Approaches
4077:M. Mitov,
3561:1505.05214
3265:: 122430.
3107:(6): 953.
2874:1909.11961
2614:1011990362
2422:2023-02-13
2161:1050163199
1923:1202271044
1872:: 811842.
1718:(4): 469.
1655:References
1547:biophysics
1540:biosensors
1524:insulation
1423:(TEM) and
1412:Microscopy
1406:Microscopy
1346:Scattering
1341:Scattering
1335:Scattering
1254:observed.
1225:covalently
1195:insulation
1109:biopolymer
1057:elasticity
1038:metastable
938:relaxation
926:mesoscopic
550:Louis Néel
540:Schrieffer
448:Scientists
342:Spin glass
337:Metamagnet
319:Paramagnet
135:Supersolid
4451:Molecular
4352:Acoustics
4345:Continuum
4340:Celestial
4330:Newtonian
4317:Classical
4260:Divisions
4198:SklogWiki
4182:Softbites
4068:M. Kleman
4029:cite book
4021:872654628
3969:1422-0067
3928:232044197
3920:2058-8437
3855:0743-7463
3816:220519766
3800:1460-4744
3755:2001582.
3736:139778116
3728:2513-0390
3638:2041-1723
3554:: 22–31.
3518:1936-122X
3474:125652009
3466:0267-8292
3417:0009-2665
3362:0036-8075
3279:201216064
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