1629:
2613:
1745:
2444:
1655:
726:
2220:
2555:
1552:
1920:
162:
2368:
2606:
1904:
2030:
2044:
1738:
2037:
2117:
2093:
1854:
2213:
1276:
755:
1847:
2396:
1581:
1769:
2310:
1636:
3841:
2239:
1479:
2516:
2153:
3847:
2437:
2206:
1913:
2389:
3131:
2798:
29:
3217:, the digraph ⟨аь⟩ is introduced to represent the sounds /æ/ or /a/. This combination of the letter "а" and the soft sign "ь" denotes a specific vowel sound. Similarly, the digraph ⟨оь⟩ is used for /œ/ or /ø/, and ⟨уь⟩ for /y/. Additional iotated forms like ⟨юь⟩ and ⟨яь⟩ are used as needed. This usage of the soft sign is similar to the trailing "e" in German when umlauts are unavailable.
4126:
2854:(Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian) and Church Slavic, the soft sign does not represent a distinct sound on its own. Instead, it serves as an indicator of palatalization of the preceding consonant. In the Bulgarian language, it is only used to mark the palatalization of the preceding consonant when in front of the letter o, causing the combination ьо (/ʲo/). An example of this is the word
3228:
In addition to its use with vowels, the soft sign, like the hard sign and the palochka, is employed in many languages as digraphs to represent consonant sounds that are phonetically similar but distinct from the bare letter. For example, while the letter "г" represents the sound /g/, the combination
3224:
There have also been proposals to use the ⟨аь⟩ digraph in Turkic languages as a replacement for
Cyrillic Schwa (Ә), which represents the sound /ə/ or /æ/. Unlike Schwa, which may not be present in all Cyrillic character repertoires, both ⟨а⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ are commonly available letters in the basic modern
2867:
For example, in
Russian, the soft sign is often used after consonants to indicate palatalization. It affects the pronunciation of the preceding consonant and can change the sound of words. The specific effect varies depending on the consonant it follows. In other Slavic languages where the soft sign
2863:
Palatalization is a linguistic process in which the middle of the tongue moves closer to the hard palate while pronouncing a consonant. It affects the pronunciation of the preceding consonant by giving it a palatal quality or causing it to become a palatal consonant. The soft sign acts as a visual
3180:
Proto-Slavic refers to the common ancestor of the Slavic languages, which was spoken around the 5th to 9th centuries AD. During this period, the Slavic languages were still in the process of diverging from a shared linguistic ancestor. Slavistic transcription aims to reconstruct the phonological
3192:
By utilizing Ь and Ъ in
Slavistic transcription, linguists and researchers can indicate the presence of these extra-short vowel sounds in reconstructed Proto-Slavic words. This transcription system allows for a more accurate representation of the phonetic and phonological characteristics of the
3220:
This approach allows for the representation of specific vowel sounds in these non-Slavic languages using the available
Cyrillic characters. The soft sign ⟨ь⟩, combined with other letters, creates digraphs to represent distinct phonemes that cannot be expressed by the bare letters alone.
3184:
In Old
Slavonic orthography, which is closely related to Proto-Slavic, the soft sign (Ь) and the hard sign (Ъ) were originally used to represent the extra-short vowel sounds. These extra-short vowels were distinct from regular short vowels in terms of their duration or length.
3188:
The extra-short /ĭ/ sound represented by Ь was a front vowel, similar to the sound of "i" in the
English word "bit." On the other hand, the extra-short /ŭ/ sound represented by Ъ was a back vowel, similar to the sound of "u" in the English word "put."
3176:
In
Slavistic transcription, which is a system used to represent Proto-Slavic language, the Cyrillic letters Ь and Ъ are employed to denote extra-short vowel sounds. Ь represents the extra-short /ĭ/ sound, while Ъ represents the extra-short /ŭ/ sound.
2930:). In East Slavic languages and some other Slavic languages (such as Bulgarian), there are some consonants that do not have phonetically different palatalized forms but corresponding letters still admit the affixing soft sign.
3009:(yu) give iotated vowels, like corresponding vowel letters in isolation (and word-initially), and unlike its use immediately after a consonant letter in which palatalization can occur but not iotation. In those cases,
3063:
in
Russian. It differs from the soft sign in that it doesn't necessarily soften the preceding consonant like the soft sign does (although consonants preceding the hard sign are still sometimes softened).
2937:
has had no soft sign as a distinct letter since the mid-19th century: palatalization is represented by special consonant letters instead of the sign (some of these letters, such as
3237:
Under normal orthographic rules, it has no uppercase form, as no word begins with the letter. However, Cyrillic type fonts normally provide an uppercase form for setting type in
2784:
3978:
2847:, it represented a short or reduced front vowel. However, over time, the specific vowel sound it denoted was largely eliminated and merged with other vowel sounds.
4139:
3241:
or for using it as an element of various serial numbers (like series of Soviet banknotes) and indices (for example, there was once a model of old
Russian
3013:
may be considered as a sign indicating that a vowel after it is pronounced separately from the previous consonant, but that is the case neither for
630:
2777:
3123:, or the word синьо). Rather, the letter is mostly used in foreign words of French or German origin, such as шофьор (driver, chauffeur).
1339:
1313:
3095:: while phonemic palatalization does occur, it is very limited, even more than in other hard languages like Serbian (compare Bulgarian
3021:(yo), because these vowels are not iotated in isolation. The latter case, though, is rarely used in Russian (only in loanwords such as
1442:
112:
3079:
uses a quite different repertoire of vowel letters from those of
Russian and Belarusian, and iotation is usually expressed by an
2770:
2443:
1744:
1259:
1654:
1138:
50:
1148:
1017:
1768:
3245:
2758:
2533:
1303:
1143:
725:
620:
468:
404:
342:
211:
93:
161:
4090:
3955:
3171:
2554:
1383:
1371:
1366:
876:
802:
483:
416:
221:
65:
3285:
is used, or the soft sign may be ignored if it is in a position that it does not denote iotation, for example: Тверь=
2906:ко 'father'). Less commonly, the soft sign just has a grammatically determined usage with no phonetic meaning (like
1217:
3330:
3249:
2885:
1545:
1540:
1437:
1180:
812:
743:
46:
2589:
1086:
39:
4160:
3729:
3572:
3367:
3083:
in Ukrainian. Still the soft sign is used in Ukrainian if the sound preceded by an iotated vowel is palatalized.
2934:
2244:
1919:
72:
1376:
3439:
3256:
2753:
1774:
1484:
1361:
1281:
1165:
736:
473:
411:
347:
216:
2584:
2475:
2251:
1959:
1750:
2526:
2492:
2423:
1755:
1622:
3660:
3602:
3412:
2315:
2298:
2261:
2219:
2173:
2076:
1885:
1813:
1806:
1691:
1551:
1465:
1354:
1185:
1133:
1012:
1007:
906:
871:
731:
625:
615:
463:
399:
337:
206:
126:
2521:
1175:
79:
3551:
3514:
2978:
2974:
2919:
2543:
2367:
1976:
1903:
1760:
1091:
672:
1227:
1207:
923:
3210:
3167:
3076:
2851:
2632:
2612:
2286:
1308:
1293:
1286:
1242:
1170:
918:
834:
709:
692:
125:
This article is about the Cyrillic character. For the psychopathology-related neurological symptom, see
2599:
1890:
1823:
1818:
1605:
1116:
1111:
1101:
1054:
960:
913:
854:
775:
770:
677:
2497:
2293:
61:
2548:
2509:
2470:
2380:
2185:
2071:
1952:
1674:
1660:
657:
539:
3840:
2637:
2570:
2480:
2428:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2303:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2199:
2144:
1617:
1610:
1499:
1237:
1190:
3741:
3672:
3614:
3526:
3457:
3379:
3352:
3342:
3321:
3068:
2982:
2958:
2844:
2266:
2256:
2178:
2163:
2158:
2129:
2110:
2105:
2098:
2086:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2021:
2016:
2009:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1969:
1942:
1930:
1925:
1866:
1861:
1801:
1791:
1779:
1686:
1569:
1562:
1530:
1509:
1504:
1489:
1332:
1232:
1096:
1074:
1032:
975:
938:
859:
760:
714:
320:
3846:
3751:
3720:
3587:
3563:
3389:
3358:
3214:
3092:
3072:
2923:
2899:
2565:
2036:
1840:
1264:
1254:
1195:
822:
478:
278:
2625:
2134:
2116:
2043:
1737:
1494:
1423:
1395:
1249:
1123:
1049:
1044:
990:
985:
948:
881:
844:
748:
704:
682:
3734:
3651:
3645:
3624:
3593:
3242:
3202:
3091:
Among Slavic languages using the Cyrillic script, the soft sign has the most limited use in
2907:
2802:
2332:
2325:
2320:
2081:
1853:
1325:
650:
645:
640:
189:
2961:, based on the Serbian Cyrillic variant, has had no soft sign since its creation, in 1944.
3542:
3536:
3505:
3206:
2502:
2436:
2401:
2029:
1628:
1514:
1318:
1212:
332:
243:
178:
635:
3778:
3757:
3478:
2797:
2700:
2695:
2642:
2560:
2487:
2388:
2122:
2092:
1947:
1895:
1828:
1729:
1591:
1574:
1523:
1416:
1402:
1269:
1153:
1081:
1027:
970:
901:
886:
839:
829:
797:
719:
515:
505:
500:
495:
295:
273:
86:
3130:
4154:
4033:
4014:
2806:
2339:
2230:
2225:
1796:
1679:
1535:
1409:
1388:
1344:
1298:
1275:
1200:
1158:
1106:
1069:
1059:
1039:
1022:
928:
864:
849:
792:
787:
780:
765:
699:
687:
667:
662:
581:
574:
569:
564:
488:
441:
431:
426:
421:
384:
379:
369:
362:
357:
327:
300:
285:
268:
263:
248:
236:
231:
226:
4052:
3229:"гь" represents /ɣ/ in Crimean Tatar, /ɦ/ in Archi, and /h/ in Avar and Tabasaran.
2843:) is a letter in the Cyrillic script that is used in various Slavic languages. In
2395:
2344:
2212:
1846:
1635:
1064:
997:
980:
965:
955:
943:
891:
754:
559:
458:
394:
315:
290:
201:
2985:, promulgated a confusion between palatalization and iotation, especially because
4133:
3851:
2973:
sign": in Russian, vowels after the soft sign are iotated (compare Russian льют
2826:
2594:
807:
525:
141:
28:
4071:
3080:
2927:
2605:
2309:
896:
2891:
2850:
In most contemporary Slavic Cyrillic writing systems, such as those used in
2818:
2649:
2618:
1701:
532:
3181:
features of Proto-Slavic based on historical and comparative linguistics.
3499:
3433:
3290:
3238:
2970:
2969:
Between a consonant and a vowel, the soft sign bears also a function of "
2954:
2238:
2168:
2139:
1981:
1964:
1880:
1833:
1696:
1586:
1478:
1430:
3917:
3047:, an "unpalatalization sign", also denotes iotation, as in the case of
2717:
2710:
2515:
2152:
1935:
1873:
1598:
1557:
352:
3995:
3991:
1349:
933:
3936:
2796:
2205:
1912:
1784:
1715:
1002:
520:
3860:
3856:
3834:
3828:
3822:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3286:
3032:
2705:
2538:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2373:
1722:
1706:
1667:
1222:
817:
544:
510:
446:
137:
3293:. It can also be transcribed "y" or "i" if preceding a vowel.
3125:
2948:
2940:
2690:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2654:
2577:
2190:
1648:
1641:
1580:
1128:
554:
453:
436:
389:
374:
310:
305:
258:
253:
22:
3468:
3450:
3296:
In Belarusian it is romanized as a combining acute, e.g., зь
3025:) and can be seen as a replacement of phonetically identical
3423:
3107:). The only possible position is one between consonants and
2864:
marker to show that the consonant before it is palatalized.
2722:
3791:
133:
3335:
3201:
In certain non-Slavic Cyrillic-based alphabets, such as
2868:
is used, a similar palatalization function is observed.
3577:
3404:
3372:
3142:
2981:'(he is) fierce'). The feature, quite consistent with
3712:
3700:
3684:
3665:
3635:
3607:
3556:
3519:
3768:
3489:
3075:, but it is not used so extensively as in Russian.
1464:
605:
188:
176:
168:
152:
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3259:, the soft sign is typically transliterated with
3067:Similarly, the soft sign may denote iotation in
3398:
3118:
3112:
2855:
3706:
3694:
3678:
3629:
3029:, which gets rid of an "inconvenient" letter
2778:
8:
4132:
3794:, which lowercase letter is nearly identical
3786:Related letters and other similar characters
4140:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
3172:Proto-Balto-Slavic language § Notation
3037:. In Ukrainian and Bulgarian, the spelling
3871:
2890:The soft sign is normally written after a
2785:
2771:
2871:It may also be used as a superscript. ()
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
3041:indicates palatalization, not iotation.
4116:
2965:Before a vowel in East Slavic languages
3498:
3432:
2953:, were designed as ligatures with the
149:
3777:
3750:
3644:
3628:; or (archaic, mostly pre-1917 name)
3623:
3586:
3535:
3388:
3351:
3168:Proto-Slavic language § Notation
7:
3689:, 'yer'; the hard sign
51:adding citations to reliable sources
3892:CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT SIGN
14:
4124:
3895:CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN
3845:
3839:
3129:
2611:
2604:
2553:
2514:
2442:
2435:
2394:
2387:
2366:
2308:
2237:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2151:
2115:
2091:
2042:
2035:
2028:
1918:
1911:
1902:
1852:
1845:
1767:
1743:
1736:
1653:
1634:
1627:
1579:
1550:
1477:
1274:
753:
724:
160:
27:
38:needs additional citations for
3677:'thin yer'; or simply
2957:of the soft sign). The modern
2898:(palatalization) (for example
1:
3805:Cyrillic letter Semisoft sign
3537:[ʑɪŋɪɕkjɪlɪkbjɪlɡɪsɪ]
2918:'India ink', both pronounced
20:Letter of the Cyrillic script
3588:[ˈt͡soːɮniːˈtʰemteɡ]
3531:'sign of softness',
3490:
3424:
3162:As a vowel in Slavic studies
2759:List of Cyrillic multigraphs
3956:Numeric character reference
3769:
3735:
3713:
3701:
3685:
3666:
3636:
3608:
3578:
3557:
3520:
3469:
3451:
3405:
3373:
3336:
3193:ancestral Slavic language.
2989:usually precedes so-called
2977:'(they) pour/cast' and лют
4177:
3705:, 'thick yer', or
3500:[d͡ʒœːˈləntɛmˈdək]
3482:
3416:
3283:MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
3165:
2886:Palatalization (phonetics)
2883:
131:
124:
3985:
3982:
3979:Named character reference
3894:
3891:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3799:Cyrillic letter Hard sign
3779:[jumʃætiʃbelɡisi]
3761:
3724:
3707:
3695:
3679:
3655:
3630:
3625:[ˈmʲæxʲkʲɪjˈznak]
3597:
3567:
3546:
3509:
3461:
3443:
3399:
3362:
3325:
3119:
3113:
2935:Serbian Cyrillic alphabet
2911:
2856:
2766:
2750:
2746:
1472:
610:
196:
184:
159:
3434:[zœːˈlɛnˈtɛmdək]
3257:romanization of Cyrillic
2754:List of Cyrillic letters
132:Not to be confused with
3353:[ˈmʲakʲːiˈznak]
127:neurological soft signs
3873:Character information
3752:[mjɐˈkɪjˈznɑk]
3473:, with unknown meaning
3023:⟨бульон⟩
2830:
134:the lowercase letter b
3746:'soft sign',
3619:'soft sign',
3393:; the hard sign
3384:'small yer',
3347:'soft sign',
3270:MODIFIER LETTER PRIME
2852:East Slavic languages
2800:
3817:Cyrillic letter Yery
2837:(Ь ь; italics:
47:improve this article
4143:(in Russian). 1906.
3874:
3829:Cyrillic letter Nje
3823:Cyrillic letter Lje
3811:Cyrillic letter Yat
3458:Old Church Slavonic
3409:, 'big yer'
2983:Russian orthography
2959:Macedonian alphabet
2880:Palatalization sign
2845:Old Church Slavonic
4091:Macintosh Cyrillic
3872:
3863:, Cyrillic letters
3770:yumshatish belgisi
3521:jıñışkelık belgısı
3510:жіңішкелік белгісі
3390:[ɛrˈmalɐk]
3225:Russian alphabet.
3141:. You can help by
3111:(such as in names
3061:⟨ъю⟩
3057:⟨ъё⟩
3053:⟨ъе⟩
3049:⟨ъя⟩
3039:⟨ьо⟩
3027:⟨ьё⟩
3019:⟨ьо⟩
3015:⟨ьи⟩
3007:⟨ью⟩
3003:⟨ьё⟩
2999:⟨ье⟩
2995:⟨ья⟩
2924:grammatical gender
2894:and indicates its
2831:
606:Non-Slavic letters
4108:
4107:
3767:
3745:
3733:
3691:⟨ъ⟩
3676:
3664:
3618:
3606:
3576:
3555:
3530:
3518:
3488:
3467:
3449:
3422:
3395:⟨ъ⟩
3383:
3371:
3346:
3334:
3310:⟨ĺ⟩
3306:⟨ń⟩
3302:⟨ć⟩
3298:⟨ź⟩
3243:steam locomotives
3159:
3158:
3109:⟨о⟩
3045:⟨ъ⟩
3011:⟨ь⟩
2987:⟨ь⟩
2922:but different in
2914:'fanfare' and туш
2875:Uses and meanings
2795:
2794:
2742:
2741:
1468:or unused letters
1460:
1459:
601:
600:
123:
122:
115:
97:
4168:
4161:Cyrillic letters
4145:
4144:
4136:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4121:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3875:
3849:
3843:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3766:romanized:
3765:
3763:
3754:
3749:
3740:
3738:
3728:
3726:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3671:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3613:
3611:
3601:
3599:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3571:
3569:
3560:
3558:içkertüü belgisi
3550:
3548:
3547:ичкертүү белгиси
3539:
3534:
3525:
3523:
3513:
3511:
3502:
3497:
3493:
3487:romanized:
3486:
3484:
3472:
3466:romanized:
3465:
3463:
3454:
3448:romanized:
3447:
3445:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3421:romanized:
3420:
3418:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3378:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3355:
3350:
3341:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3154:
3151:
3133:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2952:
2944:
2921:
2913:
2859:
2858:
2842:
2803:Alexandre Benois
2801:Soft sign, from
2787:
2780:
2773:
2725:
2686:
2662:
2645:
2628:
2615:
2608:
2580:
2557:
2518:
2505:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2446:
2439:
2404:
2398:
2391:
2376:
2370:
2347:
2328:
2312:
2241:
2233:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2193:
2181:
2155:
2125:
2119:
2095:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2012:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1972:
1938:
1922:
1915:
1906:
1898:
1876:
1869:
1856:
1849:
1836:
1787:
1771:
1747:
1740:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1709:
1682:
1670:
1657:
1644:
1638:
1631:
1601:
1594:
1583:
1554:
1526:
1517:
1481:
1474:
1473:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1357:
1328:
1321:
1278:
757:
728:
612:
611:
528:
198:
197:
164:
150:
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
96:
55:
31:
23:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4113:
3870:
3868:Computing codes
3788:
3774:
3762:юмшатиш белгиси
3747:
3717:, 'yor'
3690:
3641:
3620:
3583:
3532:
3495:
3440:Church Slavonic
3429:
3394:
3385:
3348:
3318:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3282:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3235:
3233:Representations
3213:languages like
3199:
3174:
3164:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3139:needs expansion
3108:
3089:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2993:. Combinations
2986:
2967:
2946:
2938:
2888:
2882:
2877:
2838:
2791:
2723:
2684:
2660:
2643:
2626:
2578:
2503:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2402:
2374:
2345:
2326:
2231:
2191:
2179:
2123:
2022:
2010:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1970:
1936:
1896:
1874:
1867:
1834:
1785:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1707:
1680:
1668:
1642:
1599:
1592:
1524:
1515:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1355:
1326:
1319:
526:
179:Cyrillic script
169:Phonetic usage:
154:
153:Cyrillic letter
148:
147:Cyrillic letter
145:
130:
119:
108:
102:
99:
56:
54:
44:
32:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4174:
4172:
4164:
4163:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3854:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3792:Latin letter B
3787:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3755:
3718:
3649:
3646:[jerʲ]
3591:
3579:zöölnii temdeg
3568:зөөлний тэмдэг
3561:
3540:
3503:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3437:
3413:Russian Buryat
3410:
3356:
3317:
3316:Name of letter
3314:
3234:
3231:
3209:, and various
3198:
3195:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3136:
3134:
3114:Жельо, Кръстьо
3088:
3085:
2966:
2963:
2884:Main article:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2183:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1838:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1651:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
994:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
952:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
868:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
826:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
784:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
751:
746:
740:
739:
734:
729:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
696:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
654:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
608:
607:
603:
602:
599:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
578:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
536:
535:
530:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
492:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
450:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
408:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
366:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
324:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
282:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
240:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
194:
193:
186:
185:
182:
181:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
157:
156:
146:
121:
120:
35:
33:
26:
19:
18:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4173:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4142:
4141:
4135:
4120:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:Code page 866
4032:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4015:Code page 855
4013:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3986:ь
3980:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3889:Unicode name
3888:
3887:
3876:
3867:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3780:
3771:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3703:
3687:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3638:
3626:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3580:
3574:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3553:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3492:
3480:
3477:
3471:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3426:
3425:zöölen temdeg
3417:зөөлэн тэмдэг
3414:
3411:
3407:
3391:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3150:February 2012
3144:
3140:
3137:This section
3135:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3042:
3034:
3017:(yi) nor for
2992:
2984:
2972:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2942:
2936:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2807:alphabet book
2804:
2799:
2788:
2783:
2781:
2776:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1676:
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67:
64: –
63:
59:
58:Find sources:
52:
48:
42:
41:
36:This article
34:
30:
25:
24:
16:
15:
4138:
4119:
4053:Windows-1251
3983:Ь
3693:being named
3609:myagkiy znak
3397:being named
3295:
3272:. Sometimes
3254:
3250:ru:Паровоз Ь
3236:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3200:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3147:
3143:adding to it
3138:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3087:In Bulgarian
3066:
3043:
2990:
2968:
2932:
2915:
2903:
2895:
2889:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2849:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2822:
2814:
2813:(ice-hole),
2810:
549:
109:
103:January 2024
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
45:Please help
40:verification
37:
3972:ь
3968:ь
3964:Ь
3960:Ь
3852:I with bowl
3827:Њ њ :
3821:Љ љ :
3815:Ы ы :
3809:Ѣ ѣ :
3803:Ҍ ҍ :
3797:Ъ ъ :
3736:miakyi znak
3725:м’який знак
3598:мягкий знак
3491:cööln temdg
3483:җөөлн темдг
3337:miakki znak
3211:Dagestanian
3103:or Serbian
3099:to Russian
2991:soft vowels
2809:. It shows
142:I with bowl
62:"Soft sign"
4111:References
4072:ISO-8859-5
3835:Apostrophe
3702:debelo jer
3696:дебело јер
3326:мяккі знак
3322:Belarusian
3246:marked "Ь"
3166:See also:
3081:apostrophe
3069:Belarusian
2928:declension
2860:(/gʲol/).
73:newspapers
4134:"Ь"
3900:Encodings
3833:' :
3730:romanized
3721:Ukrainian
3667:tanko jer
3661:romanized
3656:танко јер
3603:romanized
3573:romanized
3564:Mongolian
3552:romanized
3515:romanized
3406:er golyam
3368:romanized
3359:Bulgarian
3331:romanized
3215:Tabasaran
3093:Bulgarian
3077:Ukrainian
3073:Ukrainian
3005:(yo) and
2900:Ukrainian
2896:softening
2892:consonant
2835:soft sign
2819:snowstorm
155:Soft Sign
4155:Category
3884:ь
3850: :
3400:ер голям
3374:er malǎk
3363:ер малък
3248: –
3239:all caps
3197:Digraphs
3035:⟩
3031:⟨
2971:iotation
2955:grapheme
2951:⟩
2947:⟨
2943:⟩
2939:⟨
2840:Ь ь
3947:209 140
3941:208 172
3931:U+044C
3918:Unicode
3903:decimal
3881:Ь
3878:Preview
3744:
3732::
3675:
3663::
3652:Serbian
3617:
3605::
3594:Russian
3575::
3554::
3529:
3517::
3382:
3370::
3345:
3333::
3280:ʼ
3267:ʹ
3255:In the
3203:Chechen
2975:/lʲjut/
2908:Russian
2811:prorub′
2805:' 1904
1466:Archaic
192:letters
87:scholar
4129:
3996:KOI8-U
3992:KOI8-R
3950:D1 8C
3925:U+042C
3543:Kyrgyz
3506:Kazakh
3289:, Обь=
3277:
3275:U+02BC
3264:
3262:U+02B9
3207:Ingush
3170:, and
3120:Гьончо
3117:, and
3001:(ye),
2997:(ya),
2979:/lʲut/
2827:bubble
2823:puzyr′
2821:) and
2815:v′yuga
190:Slavic
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
3944:D0 AC
3937:UTF-8
3758:Uzbek
3479:Oirat
3308:, ль
3304:, нь
3300:, ць
2920:/tuʂ/
140:, or
94:JSTOR
80:books
3994:and
3928:1100
3922:1068
3912:hex
3859:and
3775:IPA:
3748:IPA:
3742:lit.
3673:lit.
3642:IPA:
3637:yer'
3621:IPA:
3615:lit.
3584:IPA:
3533:IPA:
3527:lit.
3496:IPA:
3470:yerĭ
3452:yerʹ
3430:IPA:
3386:IPA:
3380:lit.
3349:IPA:
3343:lit.
3287:Tver
3101:конь
3071:and
3059:and
2933:The
2926:and
2857:гьол
2833:The
177:The
66:news
4104:FC
4101:252
4095:156
4085:EC
4082:236
4076:204
4066:FC
4063:252
4057:220
4047:EC
4044:236
4038:156
4028:ED
4025:237
4019:238
4009:D8
4006:216
4000:248
3909:dec
3906:hex
3714:jor
3708:јор
3686:jer
3680:јер
3631:ерь
3462:ѥрь
3444:єрь
3252:).
3145:.
3105:коњ
3097:кон
2945:or
2912:туш
2902:бат
2534:Ъ̈̄
49:by
4157::
4137:.
4098:9C
4079:CC
4060:DC
4041:9C
4022:EE
4003:F8
3844:,
3773:,
3764:,
3760::
3739:,
3727:,
3723::
3711:,
3699:,
3683:,
3670:,
3658:,
3654::
3640:,
3634:,
3612:,
3600:,
3596::
3582:,
3570:,
3566::
3549:,
3545::
3524:,
3512:,
3508::
3494:,
3485:,
3481::
3464:,
3460::
3446:,
3442::
3428:,
3419:,
3415::
3403:,
3377:,
3365:,
3361::
3340:,
3328:,
3324::
3312:.
3291:Ob
3205:,
3055:,
3051:,
2910::
2829:).
2638:Я̨
2633:Я̂
2627:Я̈
2600:Ю̂
2590:Э̂
2585:Э̨
2571:Ѣ̆
2566:Ѣ̈
2561:Ѣ́
2549:Ы̃
2544:Ы̂
2527:Ъ̈
2522:Ъ̄
2510:Ꚗ̆
2498:Щ̆
2493:Ш̑
2488:Ш̆
2481:Ш̀
2476:Ҽ̆
2471:Ꚇ̆
2429:Ч̓
2424:Ч̑
2419:Ч̆
2414:Ч̀
2409:Ч́
2381:Ꚏ̆
2362:Ц̓
2357:Ц́
2352:Ц̀
2316:һ̱
2304:Х̓
2299:Х̾
2294:Х̧
2287:Х̇
2282:Х̆
2277:Х̀
2272:Х́
2267:Ф̓
2262:Ф̑
2257:ꙋ́
2252:У̨
2245:У̇
2200:Ꚍ̆
2186:Т̧
2174:Т̑
2164:Т̀
2159:Т̓
2145:Ҫ̓
2135:С̈
2130:С̀
2111:Р̃
2106:Р̀
2099:Р́
2087:Ԛ̆
2077:П̑
2072:П̧
2062:П́
2055:П̀
2050:П̓
1977:Н̡
1960:Н̃
1953:Н̧
1948:Н̄
1943:Н̀
1931:М̃
1926:М̀
1891:Л̇
1886:Л̑
1862:Л̀
1841:К̂
1829:К̄
1824:К̈
1819:К̇
1814:К̑
1807:Ӄ̆
1802:К̆
1797:К̀
1792:К̓
1780:Ј̃
1775:Ј̵
1761:І̨
1756:І̣
1751:І̂
1692:З̑
1687:З̀
1675:Ꚅ̆
1661:Џ̆
1623:Ж̑
1618:Ж̀
1611:Е̨
1606:Е̇
1575:Д̨
1570:Д̀
1563:Д̓
1546:Ҕ̆
1541:Ҕ̀
1536:Г̆
1531:Г̓
1525:Г̄
1516:Г̧
1510:Г̀
1505:В̀
1500:Б̱
1495:Б̣
1490:Б̀
1485:А̨
1425:Я̈
1418:Я̄
1411:Я̆
1404:Ю̄
1397:Ю̈
1390:Ю̆
1384:Ӭ̄
1377:Ӭ́
1367:Э̇
1362:Э̄
1356:Э̆
1327:Ы̄
1320:Ы̆
1309:Ш̣
1294:Ч̣
1287:Ч̇
1260:Ҷ̣
1243:Ц̈
1238:Ц̌
1228:Һ̈
1218:ӿ̊
1208:х̊
1191:Х̌
1186:Х̑
1181:Х̮
1176:Х̱
1171:Х̣
1166:Ү́
1149:Ӱ̄
1144:У̊
1134:У̃
1117:Т̣
1112:Т̇
1107:Т̌
1102:Т̈
1097:Т́
1092:С̱
1087:С̣
1075:С̌
1070:Р̌
1060:Р̌
1055:П̈
1040:Ө̆
1033:Ө́
1028:Ө̄
1018:Ӧ̄
1013:О̃
1008:О̆
976:Н́
961:Л̈
939:Л́
924:қ̊
919:к̊
914:К̣
872:И̃
860:З̆
855:З̣
850:З̌
835:Ж̣
813:Ԑ̈
803:Є̈
798:Ё̄
793:Е̃
781:Д̆
776:Д̣
771:Д̈
766:Д̌
761:Д́
744:ғ̊
737:Ғ̌
710:г̊
705:Г̈
700:Г̆
693:Г̂
688:Г̌
683:Г̣
678:Г̇
673:Г̑
663:В̌
651:Ә̃
646:Ә́
631:Ӓ̄
626:А̃
621:А̊
582:Я̀
570:Ю̀
540:Ъ̀
469:У̂
464:У̀
437:С́
405:О̂
400:О̀
343:И̂
306:З́
279:Е̂
274:Е̄
217:А̄
212:А̂
207:А̀
172:,
136:,
3861:Ј
3857:Й
3152:)
3148:(
3033:ё
2949:Њ
2941:Љ
2916:ь
2904:ь
2825:(
2817:(
2786:e
2779:t
2772:v
2724:Ꙟ
2718:Ѷ
2711:Ѵ
2706:Ѳ
2701:Ѱ
2696:Ѯ
2691:Ѭ
2685:Ꙝ
2679:Ѩ
2674:Ꙛ
2667:Ѫ
2661:Ꙙ
2655:Ѧ
2650:Ѥ
2644:Ԙ
2619:Ꙗ
2595:Ꙕ
2579:Ꙓ
2539:Ꙑ
2504:Ꚗ
2465:Ꚇ
2458:Ꚓ
2451:Ԭ
2403:Ꚑ
2375:Ꚏ
2346:Ꙡ
2340:Ѿ
2333:Ѽ
2327:Ꙍ
2321:Ѡ
2232:Ꙋ
2226:Ѹ
2192:Ꚍ
2180:Ꚋ
2169:Ԏ
2140:Ԍ
2124:Ԗ
2082:Ҁ
2067:Ҧ
2023:Ꚛ
2017:Ꚙ
2011:ꙮ
2002:Ꙭ
1995:Ꙫ
1988:Ꙩ
1982:Ѻ
1971:Ԣ
1965:Ԋ
1937:Ꙧ
1897:Ԕ
1881:Ԉ
1875:Ꙥ
1868:Ԡ
1835:Ԟ
1786:Ꙉ
1731:Ꚕ
1724:Ꚃ
1717:Ԫ
1708:Ꚉ
1702:Ԇ
1697:Ԅ
1681:Ꙁ
1669:Ꚅ
1649:Ꙅ
1643:Ꙃ
1600:Ꙣ
1593:Ꚁ
1587:Ԃ
1558:Ԁ
1443:ˮ
1438:ʼ
1431:Ӏ
1372:Ӭ
1350:Ҩ
1345:Ҍ
1340:ꚝ
1333:Ӹ
1314:ꚜ
1304:Ҿ
1299:Ҽ
1282:Ҹ
1270:Ӌ
1265:Ӵ
1255:Ҷ
1250:Ҵ
1233:Ԧ
1223:Һ
1213:Ӿ
1201:Ӽ
1196:Ҳ
1159:Ү
1154:Ұ
1139:Ӳ
1129:
1124:Ҭ
1082:Ҫ
1065:Ҏ
1050:Ԥ
1045:Ӫ
1023:Ө
1003:Ҥ
998:Ӈ
991:Ԩ
986:Ң
981:Ӊ
971:ᵸ
966:Ӎ
956:Ԓ
949:Ԯ
944:Ӆ
934:ᴫ
929:Ԛ
907:Ҝ
902:Ҟ
897:Ҡ
892:Ӄ
887:Қ
882:Ҋ
877:Ӥ
865:Ӡ
845:Ӟ
840:Ҙ
830:Ӂ
823:Ӝ
818:Җ
808:Ԑ
788:Ӗ
749:Ӷ
732:Ӻ
720:Ғ
715:Ҕ
668:Ԝ
658:Ӛ
641:Ә
636:Ӕ
616:Ӑ
575:Я
565:Ю
560:Э
555:Ѣ
550:Ь
545:Ы
533:Ъ
527:Ꙏ
521:Щ
516:Ш
511:Џ
506:Ч
501:Ц
496:Х
489:Ф
484:Ӱ
479:Ў
474:Ӯ
459:У
454:Ќ
447:Ћ
442:Т
432:С
427:Р
422:П
417:Ӧ
412:Ō
395:О
390:Њ
385:Н
380:М
375:Љ
370:Л
363:К
358:Ј
353:Й
348:Ӣ
338:Ѝ
333:Ꙇ
328:Ї
321:І
316:И
311:Ѕ
301:З
296:Ж
291:Є
286:Ё
269:Ѐ
264:Е
259:Ѓ
254:Ђ
249:Д
244:Ґ
237:Г
232:В
227:Б
222:Ӓ
202:А
144:.
138:Ƅ
129:.
116:)
110:(
105:)
101:(
91:·
84:·
77:·
70:·
43:.
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