53:
40:
528:
1223:
519:
501:
483:
786:
510:
492:
774:
828:
1068:
1107:
798:
1264:
1016:
1081:
1029:
569:
560:
1146:
1343:
819:
52:
1338:
737:
716:
1055:
664:
1293:
1086:
565:
1257:
928:
902:
1308:
1159:
1112:
778:
603:
598:
1323:
1348:
1164:
1333:
1328:
1303:
1250:
998:
1318:
1313:
1298:
1288:
993:
920:
845:
933:
1034:
551:
201:
967:
883:
790:
623:
1195:
1151:
959:
445:
225:
47:
1073:
813:
1120:
1099:
941:
733:
712:
1234:
1283:
1125:
1187:
823:
462:
397:
90:
1138:
1222:
527:
39:
1133:
77:
1277:
1094:
217:
1200:
946:
518:
500:
482:
20:
907:
894:
748:
647:
1042:
877:
509:
491:
409:
405:
401:
834:
785:
590:
461:. In biblical literature, it is sometimes referred to as a "hedge of thorns" (
136:
868:
1230:
980:
759:
126:
1177:
684:
773:
1172:
862:
454:
116:
103:
1008:
1021:
954:
421:
393:
174:
158:
146:
1047:
915:
417:
839:
1060:
985:
413:
64:
972:
843:
624:"Solanum incanum L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
449:
where their ranges overlap in Africa. In ancient India,
354:(A.Rich.) Abedin, Al-Yahya, Chaudhary & J.S.Mossa
1238:
709:
Handbook of Food
Science, Technology, and Engineering
665:"Bitter Tomato : A Potential Underutilized Crop"
19:"Bitterball" redirects here. For the Dutch food, see
852:
707:Tsao and Lo in "Vegetables: Types and Biology".
1258:
8:
1265:
1251:
840:
400:in the family Solanaceae. It is native to
38:
27:
570:United States Department of Agriculture
561:Germplasm Resources Information Network
540:
478:
546:
544:
685:"Solanum incanum (grey bitter-apple)"
232:
7:
1219:
1217:
835:West African plants – A Photo Guide.
443:It may be confused with the similar
749:Ancestor of brinjal Solanum incanum
730:Seed storage of horticultural crops
466:
1237:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
711:by Yiu H. Hui (2006). CRC Press.
649:Abstracts on Tropical Agriculture
1221:
1165:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:819567-1
784:
772:
526:
517:
508:
499:
490:
481:
416:. The species was introduced to
51:
1:
566:Agricultural Research Service
1344:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
652:. January 1990. p. 57.
1365:
1216:
628:Plants of the World Online
604:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
599:Plants of the World Online
453:was domesticated into the
18:
16:Species of flowering plant
809:. Natural History Museum.
732:(pp 157). Haworth Press:
247:Solanum floccosistellatum
231:
224:
207:
200:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
30:
1339:Plants described in 1753
728:Doijode, S. D. (2001).
263:Solanum hierochuntinum
803:L., Sp. Pl. 188. 1753"
255:Solanum hierochuntinum
1294:Flora of Western Asia
783:at Wikimedia Commons
427:Common names include
375:Solanum unguiculatum
362:L., nom. superfl.
412:, and eastwards to
822:2015-02-13 at the
817:L., Prota database
235:Solanum coagulans
1309:Flora of Ethiopia
1246:
1245:
1211:
1210:
1121:Open Tree of Life
846:Taxon identifiers
807:Solanaceae Source
777:Media related to
459:Solanum melongena
385:
384:
379:
371:
367:Solanum undulatum
363:
355:
343:
331:
319:
307:
295:
283:
271:
259:
251:
243:
1356:
1324:Flora of Somalia
1267:
1260:
1253:
1225:
1218:
1204:
1203:
1191:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1168:
1167:
1155:
1154:
1142:
1141:
1129:
1128:
1116:
1115:
1103:
1102:
1090:
1089:
1077:
1076:
1064:
1063:
1051:
1050:
1038:
1037:
1025:
1024:
1012:
1011:
1002:
1001:
989:
988:
976:
975:
963:
962:
950:
949:
937:
936:
924:
923:
911:
910:
898:
897:
888:
887:
886:
873:
872:
871:
841:
810:
789:Data related to
788:
776:
762:
757:
751:
746:
740:
726:
720:
705:
699:
698:
696:
695:
681:
675:
674:
672:
671:
660:
654:
653:
644:
638:
637:
635:
634:
620:
614:
613:
611:
610:
587:
581:
580:
578:
576:
548:
530:
521:
512:
503:
494:
485:
470:
392:is a species of
377:
369:
361:
353:
350:
347:Solanum incanum
341:
338:
335:Solanum incanum
329:
326:
323:Solanum incanum
317:
314:
311:Solanum incanum
305:
302:
299:Solanum incanum
293:
290:
287:Solanum incanum
281:
278:
275:Solanum incanum
269:
266:
257:
249:
241:
238:
213:
179:
163:
56:
55:
42:
28:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1349:Solanales stubs
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1199:
1194:
1186:
1184:
1176:
1171:
1163:
1158:
1150:
1145:
1137:
1132:
1124:
1119:
1111:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1072:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1005:
997:
992:
984:
979:
971:
966:
958:
953:
945:
940:
932:
927:
921:solanum-incanum
919:
914:
906:
901:
893:
891:
884:Solanum incanum
882:
881:
876:
867:
866:
861:
854:Solanum incanum
848:
830:Solanum incanum
824:Wayback Machine
815:Solanum incanum
801:Solanum incanum
797:
793:at Wikispecies
791:Solanum incanum
780:Solanum incanum
770:
765:
758:
754:
747:
743:
727:
723:
706:
702:
693:
691:
683:
682:
678:
669:
667:
662:
661:
657:
646:
645:
641:
632:
630:
622:
621:
617:
608:
606:
593:Solanum incanum
589:
588:
584:
574:
572:
554:Solanum incanum
550:
549:
542:
538:
531:
522:
513:
504:
495:
486:
477:
451:Solanum incanum
398:flowering plant
389:Solanum incanum
359:Solanum sanctum
348:
336:
324:
312:
300:
288:
279:brevitomentosum
276:
264:
236:
220:
215:
211:Solanum incanum
209:
196:
193:S. incanum
177:
161:
50:
32:Solanum incanum
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1334:Flora of Sudan
1331:
1329:Flora of Syria
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1304:Flora of Egypt
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1226:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1201:wfo-0001028558
1192:
1182:
1169:
1156:
1143:
1130:
1117:
1104:
1091:
1078:
1065:
1052:
1039:
1026:
1013:
1003:
990:
977:
964:
951:
938:
925:
912:
899:
889:
874:
858:
856:
850:
849:
844:
838:
837:
826:
811:
769:
768:External links
766:
764:
763:
760:Proverbs 15:19
752:
741:
721:
700:
676:
663:Dr.Thimmaiah.
655:
639:
615:
582:
539:
537:
534:
533:
532:
525:
523:
516:
514:
507:
505:
498:
496:
489:
487:
480:
476:
473:
468:מְשֻׂכַת חָדֶק
383:
382:
381:
380:
372:
364:
356:
344:
332:
320:
308:
296:
284:
272:
260:
252:
244:
229:
228:
222:
221:
216:
205:
204:
198:
197:
190:
188:
184:
183:
172:
168:
167:
156:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
107:
106:
101:
94:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1361:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:Flora of Mali
1317:
1315:
1314:Flora of Iran
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:Flora of Chad
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:Desert fruits
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1233:article is a
1232:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
982:
978:
974:
969:
965:
961:
956:
952:
948:
943:
939:
935:
930:
926:
922:
917:
913:
909:
904:
900:
896:
890:
885:
879:
875:
870:
864:
860:
859:
857:
855:
851:
847:
842:
836:
832:
831:
827:
825:
821:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
802:
796:
795:
794:
792:
787:
782:
781:
775:
767:
761:
756:
753:
750:
745:
742:
739:
738:1-56022-901-2
735:
731:
725:
722:
718:
717:1-57444-551-0
714:
710:
704:
701:
690:
686:
680:
677:
666:
659:
656:
651:
650:
643:
640:
629:
625:
619:
616:
605:
601:
600:
596:
594:
586:
583:
571:
567:
563:
562:
557:
555:
547:
545:
541:
535:
529:
524:
520:
515:
511:
506:
502:
497:
493:
488:
484:
479:
474:
472:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:
446:S. linnaeanum
442:
441:bitter tomato
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:
376:
373:
368:
365:
360:
357:
352:
345:
340:
333:
328:
327:pluribaccatum
321:
316:
315:kavirondoense
309:
304:
297:
292:
285:
280:
273:
268:
261:
256:
253:
248:
245:
240:
233:
230:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
206:
203:
202:Binomial name
199:
195:
194:
189:
186:
185:
182:
181:
173:
170:
169:
166:
165:
164:Leptostemonum
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:Tracheophytes
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
1239:expanding it
1228:
1213:
1139:tro-29600112
853:
829:
814:
806:
800:
779:
771:
755:
744:
729:
724:
708:
703:
692:. Retrieved
689:www.cabi.org
688:
679:
668:. Retrieved
658:
648:
642:
631:. Retrieved
627:
618:
607:. Retrieved
597:
592:
585:
573:. Retrieved
559:
553:
467:
458:
450:
444:
440:
436:
433:bitter apple
432:
428:
426:
388:
387:
386:
374:
366:
358:
351:unguiculatum
346:
334:
322:
310:
303:integrascens
298:
291:horridescens
286:
274:
262:
254:
246:
234:
210:
208:
192:
191:
175:
159:
147:
110:
97:
84:
71:
31:
25:
21:Bitterballen
1043:iNaturalist
878:Wikispecies
429:thorn apple
410:Middle East
406:West Africa
402:East Africa
267:lanuginosum
91:Angiosperms
1278:Categories
1134:Plant List
694:2021-05-27
670:2021-05-27
633:2021-09-20
609:2024-01-05
575:12 January
536:References
437:bitterball
394:nightshade
378:A.Rich.
155:Subgenus:
137:Solanaceae
1231:Solanales
999:242414374
342:Bitter
330:Bitter
318:Bitter
306:Bitter
294:Bitter
282:Bitter
250:Bitter
187:Species:
180:Melongena
171:Section:
127:Solanales
61:Kingdom:
1178:29600112
1173:Tropicos
1100:19241279
1074:11426794
1061:819567-1
863:Wikidata
820:Archived
455:eggplant
370:Poir.
339:schoanum
270:Dunal
258:Dunal
242:Dunal
226:Synonyms
176:Solanum
160:Solanum
133:Family:
117:Asterids
104:Eudicots
1284:Solanum
1022:2929691
955:Ecocrop
869:Q311420
475:Gallery
422:Vietnam
239:griseum
148:Solanum
143:Genus:
123:Order:
65:Plantae
1147:PLANTS
1113:329779
1087:505835
1048:199161
1035:101488
1009:SOLINC
1006:FoIO:
973:484223
934:252377
916:ARKive
908:134882
895:153931
892:APDB:
736:
715:
463:Hebrew
418:Taiwan
408:, the
337:subsp.
289:subsp.
1229:This
1185:WoI:
1152:SOIN5
1126:14204
1069:IRMNG
986:SOLIA
947:4Y2TL
414:India
178:sect.
162:subg.
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
1235:stub
1188:2060
1160:POWO
1108:NCBI
1095:IUCN
1082:ITIS
1056:IPNI
1030:GRIN
1017:GBIF
981:EPPO
960:9864
929:BOLD
903:APNI
734:ISBN
713:ISBN
577:2010
439:and
420:and
396:, a
349:var.
325:var.
313:var.
301:var.
277:var.
265:var.
237:var.
1196:WFO
994:FNA
968:EoL
942:CoL
833:in
595:L."
471:).
1280::
1198::
1175::
1162::
1149::
1136::
1123::
1110::
1097::
1084::
1071::
1058::
1045::
1032::
1019::
996::
983::
970::
957::
944::
931::
918::
905::
880::
865::
805:.
687:.
626:.
602:.
568:,
564:.
558:.
543:^
465::
457:,
435:,
431:,
424:.
404:,
218:L.
113::
100::
87::
74::
1266:e
1259:t
1252:v
1241:.
799:"
719:.
697:.
673:.
636:.
612:.
591:"
579:.
556:"
552:"
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
