472:. Fine conical or tapered chisel tips are typically used for electronics work. Tips may be straight or have a bend. Concave or wicking tips with a chisel face with a concave well in the flat face to hold a small amount of solder are available. Tip selection depends upon the type of work and access to the joint; soldering of 0.5mm pitch surface-mount ICs, for example, is quite different from soldering a through-hole connection to a large area. A concave tip well is said to help prevent bridging of closely spaced leads; different shapes are recommended to correct bridging that has occurred. Due to patent restrictions not all manufacturers offer concave tips everywhere; in particular there are restrictions in the USA.
430:
101:
339:
384:
182:
330:. As long as the tip is magnetic, it closes a switch to supply power to the heating element. When it exceeds the design temperature it opens the contacts, cooling until the temperature drops enough to restore magnetisation. More complex Curie-point irons circulate a high-frequency AC current through the tip, using magnetic physics to direct heating only where the surface of the tip drops below the Curie point.
442:
28:
497:
376:
219:
20:
300:
temperature sensor and method of temperature control to keep the tip temperature steady; more power is available if a connection is large. Temperature-controlled irons may be free-standing, or may comprise a head with heating element and tip, controlled by a base called a soldering station, with control circuitry and temperature adjustment and sometimes display.
288:
1189:
is appropriate to routinely test mains powered irons and stations... Guidance values for the tester settings Earth Bond Test ... pass result: < 0.1 Ohm ... A higher reading (i.e. up to 0.5 Ohm) can still be regarded as safe because the earth connection from the plug to the element shaft is welded
524:
In cases of severe oxidation not removable by gentler methods, abrasion with something hard enough to remove oxide but not so hard as to scratch the iron plating can be used. A brass wire scourer, brush, or wheel on a bench grinder, can be used with care. Sandpaper and other tools may be used but are
520:
Soldering iron tips are made of a copper core plated various metals including iron. The copper is used for heat transfer and the other platings are for durability. Copper is very easily corroded, eating away the tip, particularly in lead-free work; iron is not. Cleaning tips requires the removal of
516:
A wet small sponge, often supplied with soldering equipment, can be used to wipe the tip. For lead-free solder a slightly more aggressive cleaning, with brass shavings, can be used. Soldering flux will help to remove oxide; the more active the flux the better the cleaning, although acidic flux used
404:
A hot knife is a form of soldering iron equipped with a double-edged blade that is situated on a heating element. These tools can reach temperatures of up to 1,000 degrees
Fahrenheit (538 degrees Celsius) allowing for cuts of fabric and foam materials without worry of fraying or beading. Hot knives
299:
by the environment and the materials it comes into contact with. The iron temperature will drop when in contact with a large mass of metal such as a chassis; a small iron will lose too much temperature to solder a large connection. More advanced irons for use in electronics have a mechanism with a
193:
In 1960 Weller got the patent for the soldering iron "Magnastat", renewed in 1964 and 1971. This iron could control the temperature by using a temperature-sensitive magnetic tip. The "Magnastat" became a best seller and it was included it in the W-TCP soldering station in 1967. In fact, within the
350:
control and consists of an electrical power supply, control circuitry with provision for user adjustment of temperature and display, and a soldering iron or soldering head with a tip temperature sensor. The station will normally have a stand for the hot iron when not in use, and a wet sponge for
189:
In 1946, Carl E. Weller applied for a patent for his soldering gun that could heat instantaneously and began production of the "Speedy Iron" in
Pennsylvania. It was manufactured through the Weller Manufacturing Company, and this product was the first instantaneous thermal soldering gun. Few years
480:
copper tips have become increasingly popular since the 1980s. Because iron is not readily dissolved by molten solder, the plated tip is more durable than a bare copper one, though it will eventually wear out and need replacing. This is especially important when working at the higher temperatures
391:
For soldering and desoldering small surface-mount components with two terminals, such as some links, resistors, capacitors, and diodes, soldering tweezers can be used; they can be either free-standing or controlled from a soldering station. The tweezers have two heated tips mounted on arms whose
508:
and burnt flux accumulates on it, solder no longer wets the tip, impeding heat transfer and making soldering difficult or impossible; tips must be periodically cleaned in use. Such problems happen with all kinds of solder, but are much more severe with the lead-free solders which have become
484:
Iron-plated tips may feature a layer of nickel between the copper core and the iron surface. A nickel-chrome outer plating may be used further back from the very tip, as solder does not stick well to this material: this avoids solder wetting parts of the tip where it would be unwanted.
239:, for example, a metal chassis. Some irons are temperature-controlled, running at a fixed temperature in the same way as a soldering station, with higher power available for joints with large heat capacity. Simple irons run at an uncontrolled temperature determined by
536:
Although some manufacturers' mains-powered models are built with the element shaft (and hence the tip) electrically connected to ground via the iron's mains lead, other models' tips may float at arbitrary voltages unless an additional grounding wire is used.
202:" of the vast majority of current Chinese and Japanese irons: Hako, Baku, etc... The now-expired patent, which even Weller has stopped using on some models, described an outer tube holding the coated copper tip, clamped with a nut to the handle.
190:
later, they released to the market a soldering iron on with self-adjusting temperature. In 1951, the company WEN Products began manufacturing its own instantaneous soldering iron. After a three years trial Weller won for patent infringement.
475:
Older and very cheap irons typically use a bare copper tip, which is shaped with a file or sandpaper. This dissolves gradually into the solder, suffering pitting and erosion of the shape. Copper tips are sometimes filed when worn down.
207:
Located at the remote rear end of draw tube 26, and held thereto by peripheral flange 27, is a freely rotatable threaded nut 28 adapted to be threaded about nut receiving stud 29 of cover flange 21 to draw the tip 11 into proper
266:
of these irons is not regulated directly; gas irons may change power by adjusting gas flow. Gas-powered irons may have interchangeable tips including different size soldering tips, hot knife for cutting plastics, miniature
172:
In 1921, a German company founded by Ernst Sachs developed an electrical soldering iron similar to
American Electrical Heater Company iron. in 1926, William Alferink applied for a patent for the first soldering station.
396:; the tips are applied to the two ends of the component. The main purpose of the soldering tweezers is to melt solder in the correct place; components are usually moved by simple tweezers or vacuum pickup.
804:
779:
250:, common in Australia, which operates from a low-voltage source such as transformer or battery, and heats in seconds when the user pushes the thumb-guard, which then acts as a heat controller.
165:
electrical soldering irons on a large scale in
Detroit. They started producing them and shortly after American Electrical Heater Company released their line of soldering irons. In 1905,
413:
A soldering iron stand keeps the iron away from flammable materials, and often also comes with a cellulose sponge and flux pot for cleaning the tip. Some soldering irons for continuous and
465:. An example of a more specialist tip is spoon or gull wing, which features concavity. See the image for renderings of a few different tip shapes and some of the names given to them.
521:
oxide without damaging the iron plating and exposing the copper to rapid corrosion. The use of solder already containing a small amount of copper can slow corrosion of copper tips.
319:
to monitor the temperature of the tip and adjust power delivered to the heating element to maintain a desired temperature. In some models, the firmware for the control circuitry is
139:
to provide useful heat after removal from the fire, and copper is expensive. This led to the development of soldering irons that had a small copper tip attached to an inexpensive
58:) and an insulated handle. Heating is often achieved electrically, by passing an electric current (supplied through an electrical cord or battery cables) through a resistive
1004:
481:
needed for modern lead-free solders. Solid iron and steel tips are seldom used because they store less heat, conduct it poorly, and rusting can break the heating element.
235:, is used. Higher ratings are available, but do not run at higher temperature; instead there is more heat available for making soldered connections to things with large
73:
Solder melts at approximately 185 °C (365 °F). Soldering irons are designed to reach a temperature range of 200 to 480 °C (392 to 896 °F).
488:
Some tips have a heater and a thermocouple-based temperature sensor embedded to facilitate a more precise temperature control (TS100 and T12, for instance).
80:. High-volume production lines use other soldering methods. Large irons may be used for soldering joints in sheet metal objects. Less common uses include
1029:
307:, which changes the equilibrium temperature of the iron without automatically measuring or regulating the temperature. Another type of system uses a
1517:
509:
widespread in electronics work, which require higher temperatures than solders containing lead. Exposed iron plating oxidises; if the tip is kept
1527:
517:
on circuit boards that is not carefully cleaned off will cause corrosion. A tip which is cleaned but not retinned is susceptible to oxidation.
1220:
589:
907:
437:). Note that there are different tip style naming conventions from manufacturer to manufacturer. Some very typical names are listed here.
1492:
1574:
1008:
363:, vacuum pickup tool, and a soldering head; a desoldering station will have a desoldering head with vacuum pump for desoldering
1564:
1074:
841:
326:
Another approach is to use magnetized soldering tips which lose their magnetic properties at a specific temperature, the
1579:
1298:
311:, often inside the iron's tip, which automatically switches power on and off to the element. A thermal sensor such as a
1099:
351:
cleaning. It is most commonly used for soldering electronic components. Other functions may be combined; for example a
1584:
1413:
303:
A variety of means are used to control temperature. The simplest of these is a variable power control, much like a
262:
in a small self-contained tank, can be used when electricity is unavailable or cordless operation is required. The
513:
with molten solder oxidation is inhibited. A clean unoxidised tip is tinned by applying a little solder and flux.
405:
can be utilized in automotive, marine, and carpeting applications, as well as other industrial and personal uses.
1532:
1213:
1258:
100:
295:
Simple soldering irons reach a temperature determined by thermal equilibrium, dependent upon power input and
1497:
1487:
1482:
1358:
862:
1522:
1512:
120:, and it had to be reheated whenever it became too cool for use. Soldering irons were primarily used by
116:
rod and held in a wood handle. Immediately before use, the iron was heated over a fire or in a charcoal
66:
rather than a flame. Simple irons, less commonly used today than in the past, were simply a large copper
1502:
1388:
468:
Pyramid tips with a triangular flat face and chisel tips with a wide flat face are useful for soldering
263:
154:
wrapped around the back end of the copper head and enclosed in a protective shell. Alternatively, the
421:
which allows the exact temperature of the tip to be adjusted, kept constant, and sometimes displayed.
1542:
1537:
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1206:
750:
356:
247:
199:
1507:
1433:
1348:
1046:
240:
1569:
597:
316:
169:
published a tutorial on making a soldering iron that clearly explains how early irons were made.
89:
554: — Joining metals structurally by the use of a higher temperature joining alloy than solder
879:
150:
flowing through the tip itself. By 1889, electric soldering irons were being developed with a
1393:
1318:
1023:
893:
731:
William
Alferink, Combined Holder and Automatic Circuit Breaker for Electric Soldering Irons,
719:
631:
546:
429:
338:
108:
Before the development of electric soldering irons, the typical soldering iron consisted of a
76:
Soldering irons are most often used for installation, repairs, and limited production work in
976:
231:
For electrical and electronics work, a low-power iron, a power rating between 15 and 35
1458:
1152:
236:
147:
136:
63:
383:
155:
151:
85:
62:. Cordless irons can be heated by combustion of gas stored in a small tank, often using a
59:
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separation can be manually varied by squeezing gently against spring force, like simple
181:
1383:
352:
453:, that vary in size and shape for different types of work. Common tip shapes include:
1558:
1438:
1403:
1338:
1333:
1263:
946:
619:
Handbook of
Manufacturing Processes - How Products, Components and Materials are Made
563:
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162:
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441:
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364:
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27:
1124:
835:
634:, George Virtue, London, 1852; pages 662-666, page 664 discusses soldering irons.
1468:
1303:
1273:
922:"Thermaltronics Soldering: Products > TMT-9000S Soldering and Rework Station"
505:
469:
360:
347:
327:
276:
146:
The first electric soldering iron had a very lightweight platinum tip heated by
129:
125:
77:
496:
375:
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921:
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733:
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Most soldering irons for electronics have interchangeable tips, also known as
308:
268:
218:
194:
patent, as a complementary description, it defines what today has become the "
81:
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could be enclosed in a relatively light-weight hollow copper head.
287:
258:
Small irons heated by a battery, or by combustion of a gas such as
143:
block. Some irons even had removable and replaceable copper tips.
1308:
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217:
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99:
26:
18:
291:
Section of a soldering iron tip with an internal heating element
232:
113:
1202:
780:"US3662152A - Thermomagnetic soldering tip assembly and method"
1198:
135:
A large copper block was required in order to have sufficient
112:
block, with an appropriately shaped point, supported on an
51:
so that it can flow into the joint between two workpieces.
908:"Play the Tiniest Version of 'Tetris' on a Soldering Iron"
433:
Some common soldering iron tips (also known as soldering
571: — Melting two objects to be joined into each other
243:; when heating something large their temperature drops.
54:
A soldering iron is composed of a heated metal tip (the
1041:
1039:
161:
In 1894, the
American Electrical Heater Company began
718:
Arthur Weeks, How to Make an
Electric Soldering Iron,
104:
Historical soldering irons (front) and torches (back)
1047:"Understanding Different Soldering Iron Tips - Make"
805:"US3287541A - Temperature controlled soldering iron"
643:
John H. Trowbridge, Improvement in
Soldering-Irons,
632:
Cyclopædia of useful arts & manufactures, Vol. 7
560: — A resistive "instant heat" soldering iron
1069:
1067:
874:
872:
763:Carl E. Weller, Electrically Heated Apparatus,
204:
703:Arthur E. Appleyard, Electric Soldering-Iron,
658:Lester Patee, Improvement in Soldering-Irons,
1214:
829:
827:
825:
8:
947:"What is a Hot Knife? - MM Newman Corporate"
1153:"HAKKO - Select Tip Shape - Drag soldering"
688:Willard M. Miner, Electric Soldering-Iron,
445:Used plated tip with remains of solder flux
185:Electric soldering iron for electronic work
1221:
1207:
1199:
751:"History 101 - The Modern Soldering Iron"
1147:
1145:
342:Temperature-controlled soldering station
1075:"How to Solder: Through-Hole Soldering"
971:
969:
967:
581:
367:components, and a soldering iron head.
177:Actual "Form factor" of soldering irons
1028:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1021:
533:Not all soldering irons are ESD-safe.
323:that can be modified by the end-user.
745:
743:
283:Temperature-controlled soldering iron
7:
863:"What is the TS100 Soldering Iron?"
275:for such applications as shrinking
722:, No. 14 (Apr. 8, 1905); page 283.
590:"Lower-Melting-Point Solder Alloy"
14:
673:Charles E. Ball, Soldering Iron,
315:may be used in conjunction with
198:", the redundancy is worth it, "
84:(burning designs into wood) and
70:on a handle, heated in a flame.
844:from the original on 2010-01-18
621:Industrial Press, 2007 page 297
880:"Review: TS100 Soldering Iron"
525:likely to damage the plating.
1:
1180:. Antex (Electronics) Limited
720:Scientific American Vol. XCII
167:Scientific American Magazine,
1100:"Hakko FX-888 Tips - Page 1"
894:"Tetris on a Soldering Iron"
596:. 1997-02-07. Archived from
271:with a hot flame, and small
630:C. Tomlinson, Ed., Solder,
47:. It supplies heat to melt
1603:
1125:"Soldering Tip Series 832"
346:A soldering station has a
31:A gas-fired soldering iron
1477:
1254:
1236:
1190:or soldered throughout...
837:The Basic Soldering Guide
379:Soldering tweezers in use
1518:Machine and metalworking
694:, granted Feb. 11, 1890.
679:, granted Jan. 25, 1881.
649:, granted Mar. 27, 1866.
529:Electro-static discharge
357:surface-mount components
1575:19th-century inventions
1528:Measuring and alignment
664:, granted July 3, 1860.
500:Spool of solder. 1.6mm.
23:Electric soldering iron
16:Hand tool for soldering
1565:Electronics work tools
501:
446:
438:
417:use come as part of a
388:
380:
343:
292:
223:
211:
186:
105:
88:(as an alternative to
32:
24:
1389:Random orbital sander
951:MM Newman Corporation
766:U.S. patent 2,593,947
734:U.S. patent 1,675,401
499:
444:
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386:
378:
341:
290:
264:operating temperature
222:Soldering iron in use
221:
184:
103:
30:
22:
1493:Cutting and abrasive
1314:Electric motor brake
753:. November 29, 2018.
387:Soldering iron stand
248:Scope soldering iron
78:electronics assembly
1580:American inventions
706:U.S. patent 455,010
691:U.S. patent 421,185
676:U.S. patent 236,972
246:A variation is the
241:thermal equilibrium
1079:Learn.sparkfun.com
926:Thermaltronics.com
834:Winstanley, Alan,
661:U.S. patent 29,039
646:U.S. patent 53,545
504:When the iron tip
502:
447:
439:
419:soldering station,
389:
381:
371:Soldering tweezers
344:
293:
224:
187:
128:to work with thin
106:
90:ultrasonic welding
33:
25:
1585:German inventions
1552:
1551:
1394:Reciprocating saw
769:, April 22, 1952.
617:Bralla, James G.
547:Soldering station
334:Soldering station
1592:
1459:Thickness planer
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1007:. Archived from
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984:Userwww.sfsu.edu
981:
977:"Soldering Tips"
973:
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953:. 19 August 2013
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237:thermal capacity
148:electric current
137:thermal capacity
64:catalytic heater
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1005:"Archived copy"
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882:. 24 July 2017.
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910:. 7 July 2017.
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896:. 7 July 2017.
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809:Google Patents
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784:Google Patents
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1414:Router table
1379:Power trowel
1324:Hammer drill
1289:Concrete saw
1284:Circular saw
1188:
1182:. Retrieved
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1156:
1132:. Retrieved
1128:
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1103:
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1082:. Retrieved
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1054:. Retrieved
1051:Makezine.com
1050:
1013:. Retrieved
1009:the original
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987:. Retrieved
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811:. 1964-07-13
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786:. 1971-03-05
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598:the original
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365:through-hole
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313:thermocouple
305:light dimmer
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126:coppersmiths
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36:
34:
1543:Woodworking
1469:Wood shaper
1464:Wood router
1304:Die grinder
1274:Belt sander
1230:Power tools
1104:Eevblog.com
470:sheet metal
361:hot air gun
359:may have a
348:temperature
328:Curie point
277:heat shrink
227:Simple iron
200:form factor
130:sheet metal
1559:Categories
1429:Scroll saw
1409:Rotary saw
1359:Multi-tool
1344:Jackhammer
1259:Air hammer
1184:2018-08-28
1015:2018-12-01
957:2016-01-14
848:2010-04-14
815:2023-09-08
790:2023-09-08
604:2023-09-07
576:References
309:thermostat
269:blow-torch
208:engagement
82:pyrography
1570:Soldering
1454:Table saw
1449:Steam box
1424:Screw gun
1399:Rivet gun
1279:Blowtorch
1246:Workbench
1162:27 August
1157:Hakko.com
1134:27 August
1109:27 August
1084:27 August
1056:27 August
989:27 August
931:27 August
400:Hot knife
317:circuitry
141:cast-iron
122:tinsmiths
45:soldering
41:hand tool
1498:Forestry
1488:Cleaning
1364:Nail gun
1329:Heat gun
1319:Glue gun
1241:Sawhorse
1129:Ersa.com
1024:cite web
842:archived
558:ColdHeat
541:See also
506:oxidises
492:Cleaning
394:tweezers
279:tubing.
196:de facto
43:used in
1523:Masonry
1513:Kitchen
1374:Nibbler
1354:Jointer
1294:Crusher
1269:Bandsaw
1178:"FAQ's"
594:tms.org
569:Welding
552:Brazing
463:conical
297:cooling
118:brazier
96:History
1533:Mining
1503:Garden
1419:Sander
1349:Jigsaw
511:tinned
478:plated
461:, and
459:chisel
409:Stands
260:butane
110:copper
49:solder
39:is a
1538:Power
1434:Shear
1309:Drill
980:(PDF)
476:Iron-
455:bevel
233:watts
214:Types
1508:Hand
1164:2018
1136:2018
1111:2018
1086:2018
1058:2018
1030:link
991:2018
933:2018
451:bits
435:bits
425:Tips
124:and
114:iron
92:).
68:bit
56:bit
1561::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
