1668:
2556:
162:
2577:
229:
minima (bulges and depressions) add together for the greatest tidal range at particular latitudes. At first- and third-quarter phases of the moon, lunar and solar tides are perpendicular, and the tidal range is at a minimum. The semi-diurnal tides go through one full cycle (a high and low tide) about once every 12 hours and one full cycle of maximum height (a spring and neap tide) about once every 14 days.
200:
150:
188:
138:
1657:
176:
243:(or sectoral) deformations which rise and fall at the same time along the same longitude. Sectorial variations of vertical and east-west displacements are maximum at the equator and vanish at the poles. There are two cycles along each latitude, the bulges opposite one another, and the depressions similarly opposed. The diurnal tide is lunisolar, and gives rise to
100:
91:
2566:
276:
840:
In coastal areas, because the ocean tide is quite out of step with the Earth tide, at high ocean tide there is an excess of water above what would be the gravitational equilibrium level, and therefore the adjacent ground falls in response to the resulting differences in weight. At low tide there is a
247:
deformations. The vertical and east-west movement is maximum at 45° latitude and is zero on the equator and at the poles. The tesseral variation has one cycle per latitude, one bulge and one depression; the bulges are opposed (antipodal), in other words the western part of the northern hemisphere and
118:
when the Moon appears directly over 30° N (or 30° S). This pattern remains fixed with the red area directed toward (or directly away from) the Moon. Red indicates upward pull, blue downward. If, for example the Moon is directly over 90° W (or 90° E), the red areas are centred on the western northern
228:
The tide components with a period near twelve hours have a lunar amplitude (Earth bulge/depression distances) that are a little more than twice the height of the solar amplitudes, as tabulated below. At new and full moon, the Sun and the Moon are aligned, and the lunar and the solar tidal maxima and
224:
accumulated over many days, so that their amplitude and timing are quite different and vary over short distances of just a few hundred kilometres. The oscillation periods of the Earth as a whole are not near the astronomical periods, so its flexing is due to the forces of the moment.
248:
the eastern part of the southern hemisphere, for example. Similarly, the depressions are opposed, in this case the eastern part of the northern hemisphere and the western part of the southern hemisphere. Finally, fortnightly and semi-annual tides have
929:
and is always showing us one side. Body tides in
Mercury make it trapped in the 3:2 spin-orbit resonance with the Sun. For the same reason, it is believed that many of the exoplanets are captured in higher spin-orbit resonances with their host stars.
845:
can exceed the displacements due to the Earth body tide. Sensitive instruments far inland often have to make similar corrections. Atmospheric loading and storm events may also be measurable, though the masses in movement are less weighty.
925:, such as planets and moons. In Earth's moon, body tides "vary by about ±0.1âm each month." It plays a key role in long-term dynamics of planetary systems. For example, it is due to body tides in the Moon that it is captured into the 1:1
123:
equidistant from those points. At 30° latitude a strong peak occurs once per lunar day, giving a significant diurnal force at that latitude. Along the equator two equally sized peaks (and depressions) impart semi-diurnal force.
252:
deformations (constant along a circle of latitude), as the Moon or Sun gravitation is directed alternately away from the northern and southern hemispheres due to tilt. There is zero vertical displacement at 35°16' latitude.
912:
were designed while taking terrestrial tides into account for proper operation. Among the effects that need to be taken into account are circumference deformation for circular accelerators and also particle-beam energy.
119:
hemisphere, on upper right. Red up, blue down. If for example the Moon is directly over 90° W (90° E), the centre of the red area is 30° N, 90° W and 30° S, 90° E, and the centre of the bluish band follows the
1056:
User manual for the
Bernese GNSS Software, Version 5.2 (November 2015), Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern. Section 10.1.2. "Solid Earth Tides, Solid and Ocean Pole Tides, and Permanent Tides"
108:
Lunar tidal force: these images depict the Moon directly over 30° N (or 30° S) viewed from above the
Northern Hemisphere, showing both sides of the planet. Red up, blue down.
858:. Volcanologists use the regular, predictable Earth tide movements to calibrate and test sensitive volcano deformation monitoring instruments; tides may also trigger volcanic events.
1037:
IERS Conventions (2010). GĂ©rard Petit and Brian Luzum (eds.). (IERS Technical Note ; 36) Frankfurt am Main: Verlag des
Bundesamts fĂŒr Kartographie und GeodĂ€sie, 2010. 179 pp.,
1004:
Sottili G., Martino S., Palladino D.M., Paciello A., Bozzano F. (2007), Effects of tidal stresses on volcanic activity at Mount Etna, Italy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01311,
2296:
2286:
1345:
1246:
Makarov, V. V.; Berghea, C. & Efroimsky, M. (2012). "Dynamical
Evolution and SpinâOrbit Resonances of Potentially Habitable Exoplanets: The Case of GJ 581d".
2202:
73:, but there are also significant diurnal, semi-annual, and fortnightly contributions. Though the gravitational force causing earth tides and ocean
1617:
1385:
1071:
1125:
1849:
1092:
905:
216:
and land masses of the surface, on scales that make the rigidity of rock irrelevant. Ocean tides are a consequence of tangent forces (see:
1739:
992:
Michael R. House, "Orbital forcing timescales: an introduction", Geological
Society, London, Special Publications; 1995; v. 85; p. 1-18.
854:
Seismologists have determined that microseismic events are correlated to tidal variations in
Central Asia (north of the Himalayas); see:
1338:
2444:
1871:
1759:
69:. Its main component has meter-level amplitude at periods of about 12 hours and longer. The largest body tide constituents are semi-
2291:
1562:
1042:
878:
870:
272:, since the gradient of gravity is location dependent, so that the distance conversion is only approximately 3 ÎŒGal per centimetre.
1709:
877:
measurements. Also, to make precise astronomical angular measurements requires accurate knowledge of the Earth's rate of rotation (
114:
The larger of the periodic gravitational forces is from the Moon but that of the Sun is also important. The images here show lunar
1749:
2569:
2479:
1465:
855:
2152:
2559:
1331:
861:
The semidiurnal amplitude of terrestrial tides can reach about 55 cm (22 in) at the equator which is important in
1607:
1667:
1804:
1193:
Noyelles, B.; Frouard, J.; Makarov, V. V. & Efroimsky, M. (2014). "Spin-orbit evolution of
Mercury revisited".
1704:
2339:
1744:
866:
2469:
1844:
1834:
1774:
1410:
1380:
2506:
2489:
2326:
1819:
1684:
1622:
1612:
1505:
874:
2501:
2439:
1866:
1552:
1142:
Williams, James G.; Boggs, Dale. H. (2015). "Tides on the Moon: Theory and determination of dissipation".
882:
2334:
2316:
1824:
1719:
1354:
2521:
2354:
2057:
1914:
1779:
1490:
1265:
1212:
1151:
922:
909:
1068:
1046:
2602:
2516:
2401:
2396:
2122:
1794:
1754:
1470:
240:
1122:
2459:
2172:
2162:
2127:
2027:
2012:
1909:
1281:
1255:
1228:
1202:
1175:
289:
257:
244:
1099:
2541:
2531:
2474:
2454:
2137:
2102:
2037:
2017:
2007:
1889:
1577:
1435:
1167:
1038:
2496:
2464:
2434:
2243:
2228:
2097:
2032:
1924:
1839:
1769:
1694:
1475:
1445:
1375:
1370:
1273:
1220:
1159:
1005:
993:
897:
217:
2301:
2197:
2147:
2112:
2072:
1964:
1934:
1784:
1734:
1644:
1602:
1535:
1460:
1420:
1129:
1075:
1021:
296:
249:
213:
1656:
1269:
1216:
1155:
2607:
2411:
2406:
2311:
2306:
2142:
2082:
2077:
1809:
1699:
1520:
1455:
1430:
212:
The Earth tide encompasses the entire body of the Earth and is unhindered by the thin
2596:
2581:
2429:
2349:
2238:
2157:
2132:
2067:
1997:
1904:
1799:
1676:
1597:
1557:
1530:
1440:
1390:
1277:
1179:
926:
70:
1232:
2576:
2536:
2484:
2424:
2375:
2253:
2248:
2223:
2207:
2182:
1899:
1789:
1729:
1515:
1425:
1400:
265:
161:
120:
27:
Displacement of the solid Earth's surface caused by the gravity of the Moon and Sun
1285:
232:
The semi-diurnal tide (one maximum every 12 or so hours) is primarily lunar (only
199:
1224:
2526:
2258:
2187:
2052:
1992:
1959:
1949:
1944:
1829:
1764:
1724:
1714:
1689:
1572:
1545:
1525:
1485:
1450:
1304:
Beyond the Moon, A Conversational, Common Sense Guide to
Understanding the Tides
939:
261:
221:
149:
115:
54:
17:
187:
2344:
2192:
2167:
2062:
2042:
1969:
1954:
1939:
1929:
1814:
1634:
1629:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1480:
1058:
269:
220:) and the resonance of the same driving forces with water movement periods in
1171:
2416:
2278:
2263:
2177:
2022:
1861:
1856:
1639:
1567:
1495:
1415:
1405:
1362:
890:
137:
175:
2511:
2233:
2092:
1984:
1974:
1919:
1395:
1163:
1009:
886:
1323:
99:
90:
2380:
2370:
1540:
1510:
896:
Terrestrial tides also need to be taken in account in the case of some
862:
167:
North-south displacements of sectorial movement. Red north, blue south.
58:
275:
205:
North-South displacements of tesseral movement. Red north, blue south.
2087:
1500:
292:. The amplitudes may vary from those listed within several per cent.
1069:
Accelerator on the move, but scientists compensate for tidal effects
155:
East-west displacements of sectorial movement. Red east, blue west.
2449:
2268:
2047:
2002:
1260:
1207:
274:
260:, the east-west and north-south variations are often tabulated in
193:
East-West displacements of tesseral movement. Red east, blue west.
74:
1881:
1025:
901:
143:
Vertical displacements of sectorial movement. Red up, blue down.
62:
1327:
841:
deficit of water and the ground rises. Displacements caused by
181:
Vertical displacements of tesseral movement. Red up, blue down.
66:
279:
Vertical displacements of zonal movement. Red up, blue down.
268:
use. The vertical displacement is frequently tabulated in
994:
http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/85/1/1
1320:, The Stephen Greene Press, Brattleboro, Vermont, 1979.
977:
Global Earth
Physics, A Handbook of Physical Constants
2389:
2363:
2325:
2277:
2216:
2111:
1983:
1880:
1675:
1361:
1306:, World Scientific Publishing Co, Singapore, 2006.
2297:North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System
1045:, Sec. 7.1.1, "Effects of the solid Earth tides"
889:), which is influenced by Earth tides (see also:
1150:(4). American Geophysical Union (AGU): 689â724.
77:is the same, the responses are quite different.
2287:Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
1339:
8:
1346:
1332:
1324:
1259:
1206:
1144:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
676:
671:
664:
476:
471:
464:
328:
323:
316:
301:
951:
1618:one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations
256:Since these displacements affect the
7:
2565:
906:SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
239:is purely solar) and gives rise to
2445:National Oceanographic Data Center
1872:World Ocean Circulation Experiment
1760:Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
900:experiments. For instance, at the
297:Theory of tides#Tidal constituents
25:
2292:Global Sea Level Observing System
871:very-long-baseline interferometry
399:Larger lunar elliptic semidiurnal
2575:
2564:
2555:
2554:
1750:Geochemical Ocean Sections Study
1666:
1655:
198:
186:
174:
160:
148:
136:
98:
89:
2480:Ocean thermal energy conversion
2203:VineâMatthewsâMorley hypothesis
1313:, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1983.
921:Body tides also exist in other
856:tidal triggering of earthquakes
1318:Tides and the Pull of the Moon
958:Paul Melchior, "Earth Tides",
1:
917:In other astronomical objects
53:) is the displacement of the
1740:El NiñoâSouthern Oscillation
1710:CraikâLeibovich vortex force
1466:Luke's variational principle
1225:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.045
688:
683:
488:
483:
340:
335:
1093:"circumference deformation"
966:, pp. 275â303, March, 1974.
373:Principal solar semidiurnal
349:Principal lunar semidiurnal
2624:
1805:Ocean dynamical thermostat
1653:
1278:10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/83
975:John Wahr, "Earth Tides",
2550:
2340:Ocean acoustic tomography
2153:MohoroviÄiÄ discontinuity
1745:General circulation model
1381:BenjaminâFeir instability
1248:The Astrophysical Journal
867:Global Positioning System
659:
652:
459:
452:
311:
304:
57:'s surface caused by the
2470:Ocean surface topography
1845:Thermohaline circulation
1835:Subsurface ocean current
1775:Hydrothermal circulation
1608:Waveâcurrent interaction
1386:Boussinesq approximation
2507:Sea surface temperature
2490:Outline of oceanography
1685:Atmospheric circulation
1623:shallow water equations
1613:Waves and shallow water
1506:Significant wave height
875:satellite laser ranging
2502:Sea surface microlayer
1867:Wind generated current
1302:McCully, James Greig,
981:AGU Reference Shelf, 1
696:Lunisolar fortnightly
425:Lunisolar semidiurnal
280:
2335:Deep scattering layer
2317:World Geodetic System
1825:Princeton Ocean Model
1705:CoriolisâStokes force
1355:Physical oceanography
960:Surveys in Geophysics
910:particle accelerators
278:
2355:Underwater acoustics
1915:Perigean spring tide
1780:Langmuir circulation
1491:Rossby-gravity waves
1164:10.1002/2014je004755
1123:particle beam energy
1010:10.1029/2006GL028190
927:spin-orbit resonance
923:astronomical objects
128:Body tide components
2517:Science On a Sphere
2123:Convergent boundary
1795:Modular Ocean Model
1755:Geostrophic current
1471:Mild-slope equation
1270:2012ApJ...761...83M
1217:2014Icar..241...26N
1156:2015JGRE..120..689W
843:ocean tidal loading
836:Ocean tidal loading
2173:Seafloor spreading
2163:Outer trench swell
2128:Divergent boundary
2028:Continental margin
2013:Carbonate platform
1910:Lunitidal interval
1316:Wylie, Francis E,
1128:2011-07-20 at the
1074:2010-03-25 at the
983:, pp. 40â46, 1995.
290:tidal constituents
284:Tidal constituents
281:
258:vertical direction
81:Tide raising force
2590:
2589:
2582:Oceans portal
2542:World Ocean Atlas
2532:Underwater glider
2475:Ocean temperature
2138:Hydrothermal vent
2103:Submarine volcano
2038:Continental shelf
2018:Coastal geography
2008:Bathymetric chart
1890:Amphidromic point
1578:Wave nonlinearity
1436:Infragravity wave
908:, the very large
885:, in addition to
833:
832:
752:Solar semiannual
16:(Redirected from
2615:
2580:
2579:
2568:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2497:Pelagic sediment
2435:Marine pollution
2229:Deep ocean water
2098:Submarine canyon
2033:Continental rise
1925:Rule of twelfths
1840:Sverdrup balance
1770:Humboldt Current
1695:Boundary current
1670:
1659:
1476:Radiation stress
1446:Iribarren number
1421:Equatorial waves
1376:Ballantine scale
1371:Airy wave theory
1348:
1341:
1334:
1325:
1290:
1289:
1263:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1210:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1139:
1133:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1098:. Archived from
1097:
1089:
1083:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1035:
1029:
1019:
1013:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
973:
967:
956:
898:particle physics
828:
822:
798:
792:
776:
770:
746:
740:
718:
712:
647:
641:
617:
611:
590:
584:
560:
447:
441:
416:
302:
218:equilibrium tide
202:
190:
178:
164:
152:
140:
102:
93:
35:solid-Earth tide
21:
18:Solid-earth tide
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2574:
2546:
2385:
2359:
2321:
2302:Sea-level curve
2273:
2212:
2198:Transform fault
2148:Mid-ocean ridge
2114:
2107:
2073:Oceanic plateau
1979:
1965:Tidal resonance
1935:Theory of tides
1876:
1785:Longshore drift
1735:Ekman transport
1671:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1651:
1603:Wave turbulence
1536:Trochoidal wave
1461:Longshore drift
1357:
1352:
1309:Paul Melchior,
1299:
1294:
1293:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1130:Wayback Machine
1121:
1117:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1080:Stanford online
1076:Wayback Machine
1067:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1036:
1032:
1020:
1016:
1003:
999:
991:
987:
974:
970:
957:
953:
948:
936:
919:
852:
838:
826:
820:
812:
796:
790:
774:
768:
760:
744:
738:
732:
716:
710:
704:
667:
645:
639:
631:
615:
609:
603:
588:
582:
576:
558:
552:
530:
506:
467:
445:
439:
433:
414:
408:
382:
358:
319:
286:
262:milliarcseconds
238:
210:
209:
208:
207:
206:
203:
195:
194:
191:
183:
182:
179:
170:
169:
168:
165:
157:
156:
153:
145:
144:
141:
130:
112:
111:
110:
109:
105:
104:
103:
95:
94:
83:
33:(also known as
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2621:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2572:
2562:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2522:Stratification
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2414:
2412:Color of water
2409:
2407:Benthic lander
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2312:Sea level rise
2309:
2307:Sea level drop
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
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2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2211:
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2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2143:Marine geology
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2083:Passive margin
2080:
2078:Oceanic trench
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
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1884:
1878:
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1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:Ocean dynamics
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1700:Coriolis force
1697:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1647:
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1610:
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1600:
1595:
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1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1521:Stokes problem
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1456:Kinematic wave
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1238:
1185:
1134:
1115:
1084:
1061:
1049:
1030:
1014:
997:
985:
968:
950:
949:
947:
944:
943:
942:
935:
932:
918:
915:
851:
848:
837:
834:
831:
830:
824:
818:
813:
810:
805:
801:
800:
794:
788:
785:
782:
779:
778:
772:
766:
761:
758:
753:
749:
748:
742:
736:
733:
730:
725:
724:Lunar monthly
721:
720:
714:
708:
705:
702:
697:
693:
692:
687:
681:
680:
678:Amplitude (mm)
675:
670:
663:
657:
656:
650:
649:
643:
637:
632:
629:
624:
623:Solar diurnal
620:
619:
613:
607:
604:
601:
596:
593:
592:
586:
580:
577:
574:
569:
566:
565:
562:
556:
553:
550:
545:
544:Solar diurnal
541:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
523:
517:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
499:
493:
492:
487:
481:
480:
478:Amplitude (mm)
475:
470:
463:
457:
456:
450:
449:
443:
437:
434:
431:
426:
422:
421:
418:
412:
409:
406:
401:
395:
394:
391:
388:
383:
380:
375:
369:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
351:
345:
344:
339:
333:
332:
330:Amplitude (mm)
327:
322:
315:
309:
308:
285:
282:
236:
204:
197:
196:
192:
185:
184:
180:
173:
172:
171:
166:
159:
158:
154:
147:
146:
142:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
129:
126:
107:
106:
97:
96:
88:
87:
86:
85:
84:
82:
79:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2620:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:Marine energy
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:Acidification
2395:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:SOFAR channel
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:Oceanic crust
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:Fracture zone
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:Oceanic basin
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:Abyssal plain
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:Internal tide
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Ocean current
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1658:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:Wave shoaling
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:Ursell number
1556:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:Internal wave
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:Breaking wave
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1105:on 2011-03-24
1101:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:9783898889896
1040:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:Volcano watch
1018:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1001:
998:
995:
989:
986:
982:
978:
972:
969:
965:
961:
955:
952:
945:
941:
938:
937:
933:
931:
928:
924:
916:
914:
911:
907:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:length of day
876:
872:
868:
864:
859:
857:
849:
847:
844:
835:
825:
819:
817:
814:
809:
806:
804:Solar annual
803:
802:
795:
789:
786:
783:
781:
780:
773:
767:
765:
762:
757:
754:
751:
750:
743:
737:
734:
729:
726:
723:
722:
715:
709:
706:
701:
698:
695:
694:
691:
686:
682:
679:
674:
669:
662:
658:
655:
651:
644:
638:
636:
633:
628:
625:
622:
621:
614:
608:
605:
600:
597:
595:
594:
587:
581:
578:
573:
570:
568:
567:
563:
557:
554:
549:
546:
543:
542:
538:
535:
532:
527:
524:
522:
521:Lunar diurnal
519:
518:
514:
511:
508:
503:
500:
498:
497:Lunar diurnal
495:
494:
491:
486:
482:
479:
474:
469:
462:
458:
455:
451:
444:
438:
435:
430:
427:
424:
423:
419:
413:
410:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
392:
389:
387:
384:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
366:
363:
360:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
343:
338:
334:
331:
326:
321:
314:
310:
307:
303:
300:
298:
293:
291:
283:
277:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
251:
246:
242:
235:
230:
226:
223:
219:
215:
201:
189:
177:
163:
151:
139:
127:
125:
122:
117:
101:
92:
80:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
2537:Water column
2485:Oceanography
2460:Observations
2455:Explorations
2425:Marginal sea
2418:
2376:OSTM/Jason-2
2208:Volcanic arc
2183:Slab suction
1900:Head of tide
1894:
1790:Loop Current
1730:Ekman spiral
1516:Stokes drift
1426:Gravity wave
1401:Cnoidal wave
1317:
1310:
1303:
1297:Bibliography
1251:
1247:
1241:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1118:
1107:. Retrieved
1100:the original
1087:
1079:
1064:
1052:
1033:
1017:
1000:
988:
980:
976:
971:
963:
959:
954:
940:Love numbers
920:
895:
860:
853:
842:
839:
815:
807:
763:
755:
727:
699:
689:
684:
677:
672:
665:
660:
653:
634:
626:
598:
571:
547:
525:
520:
501:
496:
489:
484:
477:
472:
465:
460:
453:
428:
403:
398:
385:
377:
372:
353:
348:
341:
336:
329:
324:
317:
312:
306:Semi-diurnal
305:
294:
287:
266:astronomical
255:
233:
231:
227:
222:ocean basins
211:
121:great circle
113:
50:
46:
42:
39:crustal tide
38:
34:
30:
29:
2527:Thermocline
2244:Mesopelagic
2217:Ocean zones
2188:Slab window
2053:Hydrography
1993:Abyssal fan
1960:Tidal range
1950:Tidal power
1945:Tidal force
1830:Rip current
1765:Gulf Stream
1725:Ekman layer
1715:Downwelling
1690:Baroclinity
1677:Circulation
1573:Wave height
1563:Wave action
1546:megatsunami
1526:Stokes wave
1486:Rossby wave
1451:Kelvin wave
1431:Green's law
1311:Earth Tides
784:Lunar node
668:constituent
468:constituent
320:constituent
116:tidal force
55:solid earth
47:bodily tide
2603:Geophysics
2597:Categories
2465:Reanalysis
2364:Satellites
2345:Sofar bomb
2193:Subduction
2168:Ridge push
2063:Ocean bank
2043:Contourite
1970:Tide gauge
1955:Tidal race
1940:Tidal bore
1930:Slack tide
1895:Earth tide
1815:Ocean gyre
1635:Wind setup
1630:Wind fetch
1593:Wave setup
1588:Wave radar
1583:Wave power
1481:Rogue wave
1411:Dispersion
1109:2007-03-25
946:References
883:precession
787:18.613 yr
288:Principal
31:Earth tide
2327:Acoustics
2279:Sea level
2178:Slab pull
2115:tectonics
2023:Cold seep
1985:Landforms
1862:Whirlpool
1857:Upwelling
1640:Wind wave
1568:Wave base
1496:Sea state
1416:Edge wave
1406:Cross sea
1261:1208.0814
1254:(2): 83.
1208:1307.0136
1201:: 26â44.
1180:120669399
1172:2169-9097
891:pole tide
735:27.555 d
707:13.661 d
654:Long Term
606:23.869 h
579:23.804 h
555:24.066 h
533:25.819 h
509:23.934 h
436:11.967 h
411:12.658 h
361:12.421 h
295:See also
241:sectorial
51:land tide
43:body tide
2560:Category
2512:Seawater
2239:Littoral
2234:Deep sea
2093:Seamount
1975:Tideline
1920:Rip tide
1850:shutdown
1820:Overflow
1553:Undertow
1396:Clapotis
1233:53690707
1126:Archived
1072:Archived
934:See also
887:nutation
685:vertical
485:vertical
337:vertical
245:tesseral
2570:Commons
2440:Mooring
2390:Related
2381:Jason-3
2371:Jason-1
2254:Pelagic
2249:Oceanic
2224:Benthic
1541:Tsunami
1511:Soliton
1266:Bibcode
1213:Bibcode
1152:Bibcode
1132:affects
1012:, 2007.
904:or the
863:geodesy
850:Effects
661:Species
536:158.11
512:191.78
461:Species
454:Diurnal
390:179.05
364:384.83
313:Species
71:diurnal
61:of the
59:gravity
2259:Photic
2088:Seabed
1501:Seiche
1286:926755
1284:
1231:
1195:Icarus
1178:
1170:
1041:
873:, and
865:using
793:16.92
771:18.79
764:0.5 yr
741:21.33
713:40.36
690:horiz.
673:Period
564:10.36
561:70.88
539:22.05
515:32.01
490:horiz.
473:Period
442:48.72
420:10.31
417:73.69
393:25.05
367:53.84
342:horiz.
325:Period
2608:Tides
2450:Ocean
2419:Alvin
2269:Swash
2113:Plate
2058:Knoll
2048:Guyot
2003:Atoll
1882:Tides
1645:model
1531:Swell
1363:Waves
1288:. 83.
1282:S2CID
1256:arXiv
1229:S2CID
1203:arXiv
1176:S2CID
1103:(PDF)
1096:(PDF)
829:0.41
823:2.97
799:2.34
777:2.60
747:2.96
719:5.59
666:Tidal
648:0.25
642:1.65
618:0.21
612:2.72
591:0.43
585:3.44
466:Tidal
448:6.82
318:Tidal
250:zonal
214:crust
75:tides
2417:DSV
2402:Argo
2264:Surf
1720:Eddy
1168:ISSN
1039:ISBN
1026:USGS
902:CERN
893:).
816:1 yr
635:24 h
386:12 h
270:ÎŒGal
264:for
65:and
63:Moon
1274:doi
1252:761
1221:doi
1199:241
1160:doi
1148:120
1006:doi
67:Sun
49:or
2599::
1280:.
1272:.
1264:.
1250:.
1227:.
1219:.
1211:.
1197:.
1174:.
1166:.
1158:.
1146:.
1078:,
1024:,
979:,
962:,
881:,
869:,
821:00
759:sa
640:00
610:00
583:00
299:.
45:,
41:,
37:,
1347:e
1340:t
1333:v
1276::
1268::
1258::
1235:.
1223::
1215::
1205::
1182:.
1162::
1154::
1112:.
1082:.
1028:.
1008::
964:1
827:0
811:a
808:S
797:0
791:0
775:0
769:0
756:S
745:0
739:0
731:m
728:M
717:0
711:0
703:f
700:M
646:0
630:1
627:S
616:0
602:1
599:Ï
589:0
575:1
572:Ï
559:0
551:1
548:P
529:1
526:O
505:1
502:K
446:0
440:0
432:2
429:K
415:0
407:2
404:N
381:2
378:S
357:2
354:M
237:2
234:S
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
