1807:). Despite often requiring isotopic enrichment, ssNMR has the advantage that little sample preparation is required and can be used on not just dry or frozen samples, but also fully hydrated samples or native non-crystalline tissues. Solid-state NMR structure elucidation of proteins has traditionally been based on secondary chemical shifts and spatial contacts mostly between carbon nuclei. Upon fast magic-angle spinning, just like in solution NMR spectroscopy, proton-proton contacts represent the main information on the protein tertiary structure. Solid-state NMR, just like solution NMR, also enables the assessment of protein dynamics, which for membrane proteins in lipid bilayers or even micro-crystalline proteins (anchored by contacts to the surrounding molecules but properly hydrated) are largely retained and of biophysical interest.
822:
1434:
1062:
5772:
1118:
663:
28:
5784:
63:
1649:
1442:
Rotational Echo DOuble
Resonance (REDOR) experiment, are a type of heteronuclear dipolar recoupling experiment which enable one to re-introduce heteronuclear dipolar couplings averaged by MAS. The reintroduction of such dipolar coupling reduce the intensity of the NMR signal intensity compared to a
1109:
sharp lines separated from the isotropic frequency by a multiple of the spinning rate. Although spinning sidebands can be used to measure anisotropic interactions, they are often undesirable and removed by spinning the sample faster or by recording the data points synchronously with the rotor period.
616:
where you switch quickly between the two angles. Both techniques were developed in the late 1980s, and require specialized hardware (probe). Multiple quantum magic angle spinning (MQMAS) NMR was developed in 1995 and has become a routine method for obtaining high resolution solid-state NMR spectra of
547:
coupling. When the nuclear quadrupole coupling is not negligible relative to the Zeeman coupling, higher order corrections are needed to describe the NMR spectrum correctly. In such cases, the first-order correction to the NMR transition frequency leads to a strong anisotropic line broadening of the
1121:
The CP pulse sequence. The sequence starts with a 90º pulse on the abundant channel (typically H). Then CP contact pulses matching the
Hartmann-Hahn condition are applied to transfer the magnetisation from H to X. Finally, the free induction decay (FID) of the X nuclei is detected, typically with H
720:
A powder pattern arises in powdered samples where crystallites are randomly oriented relative to the magnetic field so that all molecular orientations are present. In presence of a chemical shift anisotropy interaction, each orientation with respect to the magnetic field gives a different resonance
542:
Nuclei with a spin quantum number >1/2 have a non-spherical charge distribution and an associated electric quadrupole moment tensor. The nuclear electric quadrupole moment couples with surrounding electric field gradients. The nuclear quadrupole coupling is one of the largest interactions in NMR
107:
averages anisotropic interactions to zero and they are therefore not reflected in the NMR spectrum. However, in media with no or little mobility (e.g. crystalline powders, glasses, large membrane vesicles, molecular aggregates), anisotropic local fields or interactions have substantial influence on
1907:
NMR can also be applied to art conservation. Different salts and moisture levels can be detected through the use of solid state NMR. However, sampling sizes retrieved from works of art in order to run through these large conducting magnets typically exceed levels deemed acceptable. Unilateral NMR
54:
part of many spin interactions are present in solid-state NMR, unlike in solution-state NMR where rapid tumbling motion averages out many of the spin interactions. As a result, solid-state NMR spectra are characterised by larger linewidths than in solution state NMR, which can be utilized to give
1108:
Spinning a powder sample at a slower rate than the largest component of the chemical shift anisotropy results in an incomplete averaging of the interaction, and produces a set of spinning sidebands in addition to the isotropic line, centred at the isotropic chemical shift. Spinning sidebands are
122:
Chemical shielding is a local property of each nuclear site in a molecule or compound, and is proportional to the applied external magnetic field. The external magnetic field induces currents of the electrons in molecular orbitals. These induced currents create local magnetic fields that lead to
1459:
relaxation time effectively relegate proton for bimolecular NMR. Recent developments of faster MAS, and reduction of dipolar interactions by deuteration have made proton ssNMR as versatile as in solution. This includes spectral dispersion in multi-dimensional experiments as well as structurally
1437:
Rotational Echo DOuble
Resonance (REDOR) pulse sequence. The first excitation step (90º pulse or CP step) puts the magnetisation in the transverse plane. Then two trains of 180º pulses synchronised with the rotor half period are applied on the Y channel to reintroduce X-Y heteronuclear dipolar
1412:
Heteronuclear decoupling is achieved by radio-frequency irradiation on at the frequency of the nucleus to be decoupled, which is often H. The irradiation can be continuous (continuous wave decoupling), or a series of pulses that extend the performance and the bandwidth of the decoupling (TPPM,
1752:
The development in the MAS-DNP instrumentation, as well as the improvement of polarising agents (TOTAPOL, AMUPOL, TEKPOL, etc.) to achieve a more efficient transfer of polarisation has dramatically reduced experiments times which enabled the observation of surfaces, insensitive isotopes, and
1736:
Magic angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization (MAS-DNP) is a technique that increases the sensitivity of NMR experiments by several orders of magnitude. It involves the transfer of the very high electron polarisation from unpaired electrons to nearby nuclei. This is achieved at cryogenic
126:
In general, the chemical shielding is anisotropic because of the anisotropic distribution of molecular orbitals around the nuclear sites. Under sufficiently fast magic angle spinning, or under the effect of molecular tumbling in solution-state NMR, the anisotropic dependence of the
1765:
It is used to characterize chemical composition, supramolecular structure, local motions, kinetics, and thermodynamics, with the special ability to assign the observed behavior to specific sites in a molecule. It is also crucial in the area of surface and interfacial chemistry.
1438:
interactions. The trains of pulses are interrupted by a 180º pulse on the X channel that allows the refocussing of the X magnetisation for the X-detection (spin echo). The delay between the 90º pulse and the beginning of the acquisition is referred to as the "rephrasing time".
1420:. Ultra fast MAS (from 60 kHz up to above 111 kHz) is an efficient way to average all dipolar interactions, including H–H homonuclear dipolar interactions, which extends the resolution of H spectra and enables the usage of pulse sequences used in solution state NMR.
150:
829:
The dipolar powder pattern (also Pake pattern) has a very characteristic shape that arises when two nuclear spins are coupled together within a crystallite. The splitting between the maxima (the "horns") of the pattern is equal to the dipolar coupling constant
1463:
Ultra-fast NMR and the associated sharpening of the NMR lines enables NMR pulse sequences to capitalize on proton-detection to improve the sensitivity of the experiments compared to the direct detection of a spin-1/2 system (X). Such enhancement factor
944:
291:
1761:
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy serves as an effective analytical tool in biological, organic, and inorganic chemistry due to its close resemblance to liquid-state spectra while providing additional insights into anisotropic interactions.
1320:
1396:
is an integer. In practice, the pulse power, as well as the length of the contact pulse are experimentally optimised. The power of one contact pulse is typically ramped to achieve a more broadband and efficient magnetisation transfer.
1490:
514:
1065:
Simulation of an increasing MAS rate on the C solid-state NMR spectrum of C-Glycine at 9.4 T (400 MHz H frequency). MAS introduces a set of spinning sidebands separated from the isotropic frequency by a multiple of the spinning
1871:
and stability; alterations can impact the efficacy of drugs profoundly. Analysis of molecular-level interactions facilitates also the formulation development of amorphous solid dispersions, targeting enhanced solubility.
1862:
Firstly, it plays a pivotal role in the characterizatio of drug polymorphs and solid dispersions. This is useful to minimize risks linked with solid-state form changes: the determination of the solid form of an
1416:
Homonuclear decoupling is achieved with multiple-pulse sequences (WAHUHA, MREV-8, BR-24, BLEW-12, FSLG), or continuous wave modulation (DUMBO, eDUMBO). Dipolar interactions can also be removed with
2027:
Massiot D.; Touzo B.; Trumeau D.; Coutures J. P.; Virlet J.; Florian P.; Grandinetti P. J. (1996). "Two-dimensional Magic-Angle
Spinning Isotropic Reconstruction Sequences for Quadrupolar Nuclei".
4481:
Sarou-Kanian, Vincent; Joudiou, Nicolas; Louat, Fanny; Yon, Maxime; Szeremeta, Frédéric; Même, Sandra; Massiot, Dominique; Decoville, Martine; Fayon, Franck; Beloeil, Jean-Claude (2015).
427:
1129:(CP) if a fundamental RF pulse sequence and a building-block in many solid-state NMR. It is typically used to enhance the signal of a dilute nuclei with a low gyromagnetic ratio (e.g.
5603:
4882:
Del
Federico, Eleonora; Centeno, Silvia A; Kehlet, Cindie; Currier, Penelope; Stockman, Denise; Jerschow, Alexej (2009). "Unilateral NMR applied to the conservation of works of art".
4387:
Renault, Marie; Pawsey, Shane; Bos, Martine P.; Koers, Eline J.; Nand, Deepak; Tommassen-van Boxtel, Ria; Rosay, Melanie; Tommassen, Jan; Maas, Werner E.; Baldus, Marc (2012-03-19).
1070:
Magic angle spinning (MAS) is a technique routinely used in solid-state NMR to produce narrower NMR and more intense NMR lines. This is achieved by rotating the sample at the
5884:
5874:
612:, which has zero points at 30.6° and 70.1°. These anisotropic broadenings can be removed using DOR (DOuble angle Rotation) where you spin at two angles at the same time, or
856:
755:
203:
5276:
4426:
Martínez-Bisbal, M. Carmen; Martí-Bonmatí, Luis; Piquer, José; Revert, Antonio; Ferrer, Pilar; Llácer, José L.; Piotto, Martial; Assemat, Olivier; Celda, Bernardo (2004).
785:
714:
1374:
2895:
Linser R.; Fink U.; Reif B. (2008). "Proton-Detected Scalar
Coupling Based Assignment Strategies in MAS Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy Applied to Perdeuterated Proteins".
5121:
1036:
821:
364:
1672:
1343:
1005:
603:
333:
3627:
Chow, W. Y.; Rajan, R.; Muller, K. H.; Reid, D. G.; Skepper, J. N.; Wong, W. C.; Brooks, R. A.; Green, M.; Bihan, D.; Farndale, R. W.; Slatter, D. A. (2014-05-16).
1212:
805:
684:
573:
3723:"Structure Calculation from Unambiguous Long-Range Amide and Methyl 1H-1H Distance Restraints for a Microcrystalline Protein with MAS Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy"
1644:{\displaystyle \xi \propto \left({\frac {\gamma _{H}}{\gamma _{X}}}\right)^{3/2}\left({\frac {W_{X}}{W_{H}}}\right)^{1/2}\left({\frac {Q_{H}}{Q_{X}}}\right)^{1/2}}
1482:
1220:
5029:
4986:
3356:
Rossini, Aaron J.; Widdifield, Cory M.; Zagdoun, Alexandre; Lelli, Moreno; Schwarzwälder, Martin; Copéret, Christophe; Lesage, Anne; Emsley, Lyndon (2014-02-12).
1105:
interactions. To achieve the complete averaging of these interactions, the sample needs to be spun at a rate that is at least higher than the largest anisotropy.
2948:
Schanda, P.; Meier, B. H.; Ernst, M. (2010). "Quantitative
Analysis of Protein Backbone Dynamics in Microcrystalline Ubiquitin by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy".
1716:
1696:
1394:
985:
848:
5494:
439:
123:
characteristic changes in resonance frequency. These changes can be predicted from molecular structure using empirical rules or quantum-chemical calculations.
5427:
5372:
5341:
724:
Fitting of the pattern in a static ssNMR experiment gives information about the shielding tensor, which are often described by the isotropic chemical shift
5336:
5709:
5527:
5389:
5894:
5822:
5658:
5477:
5321:
2983:
Ishii, Yoshitaka; Wickramasinghe, Ayesha; Matsuda, Isamu; Endo, Yuki; Ishii, Yuji; Nishiyama, Yusuke; Nemoto, Takahiro; Kamihara, Takayuki (2018).
66:
Bruker MAS rotors. From left to right: 1.3 mm (up to 67 kHz), 2.5 mm (up to 35 kHz), 3.2 mm (up to 24 kHz), 4 mm (up to 15 kHz), 7 mm (up to 7 kHz)
5919:
5831:
5598:
5400:
5301:
46:
is a technique for characterizing atomic level structure in solid materials e.g. powders, single crystals and amorphous samples and tissues using
5899:
5544:
5522:
5269:
5610:
5532:
5047:
5005:
4962:
4101:
3813:
2874:
1406:
5362:
5909:
5869:
5467:
5412:
3414:
2000:
Frydman Lucio; Harwood John S (1995). "Isotropic
Spectra of Half-Integer Quadrupolar Spins from Bidimensional Magic-Angle Spinning NMR".
5950:
5859:
55:
quantitative information on the molecular structure, conformation and dynamics of the material. Solid-state NMR is often combined with
5180:
193:, of the vector connecting the two nuclear spins (see figure). The maximum dipolar coupling is given by the dipolar coupling constant
144:
5849:
5694:
5446:
5262:
4858:
2108:
2073:
5099:
4612:
Hoffmann, Herbert; Debowski, Marta; Müller, Philipp; Paasch, Silvia; Senkovska, Irena; Kaskel, Stefan; Brunner, Eike (2012-11-28).
3431:
1433:
1187:
To establish magnetization transfer, RF pulses ("contact pulses") are simultaneously applied on both frequency channels to produce
721:
frequency. If enough crystallites are present, all the different contributions overlap continuously and lead to a smooth spectrum.
3690:
Castellani, Federica; van Rossum, Barth-Jan; Diehl, Anne; Schubert, Mario; Rehbein, Kristina; Oschkinat, Hartmut (November 2002).
5699:
5517:
1864:
1443:
reference spectrum where no dephasing pulse is used. REDOR can be used to measure heteronuclear distances, and are the basis of
4226:"Solid-state NMR investigations of cellulose structure and interactions with matrix polysaccharides in plant primary cell walls"
5714:
5684:
5615:
5549:
4167:
Mandala, Venkata S.; McKay, Matthew J.; Shcherbakov, Alexander A.; Dregni, Aurelio J.; Kolocouris, Antonios; Hong, Mei (2020).
1746:
5955:
5643:
5434:
5331:
3853:"The contribution of solid-state NMR spectroscopy to understanding biomineralization: Atomic and molecular structure of bone"
5924:
5914:
4810:"Adsorption and Activation of CO 2 by Amine-Modified Nanoporous Materials Studied by Solid-State NMR and 13 CO 2 Adsorption"
3446:
Marchetti, Alessandro; Chen, Juner; Pang, Zhenfeng; Li, Shenhui; Ling, Daishun; Deng, Feng; Kong, Xueqian (April 11, 2017).
5889:
5879:
5441:
5346:
1409:) to increase the resolution of NMR spectra during the detection, or to extend the lifetime of the nuclear magnetization.
617:
quadrupolar nuclei. A similar method to MQMAS is satellite transition magic angle spinning (STMAS) NMR developed in 2000.
5929:
5864:
605:
levels are unaffected by the first-order frequency contribution. The second-order frequency contribution depends on the P
5904:
5815:
5575:
5422:
5311:
1731:
5731:
5086:
Laws David D., Hans- , Bitter Marcus L., Jerschow Alexej (2002). "Solid-State NMR Spectroscopic
Methods in Chemistry".
1888:
5570:
5539:
5472:
3199:
Rossini, Aaron J.; Zagdoun, Alexandre; Lelli, Moreno; Lesage, Anne; Copéret, Christophe; Emsley, Lyndon (2013-09-17).
3953:
Ferizoli, Bajram; Cresswell-Boyes, Alexander J.; Anderson, Paul; Lynch, Richard J. M.; Hill, Robert G. (2023-05-24).
3764:"Studying dynamics by magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy: Principles and applications to biomolecules"
3763:
3597:
637:. J-couplings are not always resolved in solids owing to the typically large linewdiths observed in solid state NMR.
5721:
5663:
5512:
5384:
5071:
3837:
3303:"Natural Isotopic Abundance 13 C and 15 N Multidimensional Solid-State NMR Enabled by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization"
3142:
Rankin, Andrew G.M.; Trébosc, Julien; Pourpoint, Frédérique; Amoureux, Jean-Paul; Lafon, Olivier (September 2019).
47:
4428:"1H and13C HR-MAS spectroscopy of intact biopsy samplesex vivo andin vivo1H MRS study of human high grade gliomas"
2985:"Progress in proton-detected solid-state NMR (SSNMR): Super-fast 2D SSNMR collection for nano-mole-scale proteins"
384:
5747:
5726:
5489:
5367:
1098:
100:
4122:
Quinn, Caitlin M.; Lu, Manman; Suiter, Christopher L.; Hou, Guangjin; Zhang, Huilan; Polenova, Tatyana (2015).
3077:
Rankin, Andrew G.M.; Trébosc, Julien; Pourpoint, Frédérique; Amoureux, Jean-Paul; Lafon, Olivier (2019-09-01).
2761:
Struppe, Jochem; Quinn, Caitlin M.; Sarkar, Sucharita; Gronenborn, Angela M.; Polenova, Tatyana (2020-01-13).
31:
Solid-state 900 MHz (21.1 T) NMR spectrometer at the
Canadian National Ultrahigh-field NMR Facility for Solids
5788:
1908:
techniques use portable magnets that are applied to the object of interest, bypassing the need for sampling.
1779:
Solid-state NMR is used to study insoluble proteins and proteins very sensitive to their environment such as
5808:
5620:
5316:
1008:
336:
174:
4673:"In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Electrochemical Cells: Batteries, Supercapacitors, and Fuel Cells"
3996:"Secondary structure of peptides 16th. Characterization of proteins by means of13C NMR CP/MAS spectroscopy"
59:
to remove anisotropic interactions and improve the resolution as well as the sensitivity of the technique.
5407:
4042:
3078:
1947:"Design and construction of a contactless mobile RF coil for double resonance variable angle spinning NMR"
1946:
1792:
1788:
5219:
Solid-State NMR Literature Blog by Prof. Rob Schurko's Solid-State NMR group at the University of Windsor
3485:
5776:
5648:
5379:
5293:
5115:
4328:
Renault, M.; Tommassen-van Boxtel, R.; Bos, M. P.; Post, J. A.; Tommassen, J.; Baldus, M. (2012-03-27).
2260:
Bennett, Andrew E.; Rienstra, Chad M.; Auger, Michèle; Lakshmi, K. V.; Griffin, Robert G. (1995-10-22).
1800:
128:
3596:
Demers, Jean-Philippe; Fricke, Pascal; Shi, Chaowei; Chevelkov, Veniamin; Lange, Adam (December 2018).
4169:"Structure and drug binding of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein transmembrane domain in lipid bilayers"
3040:
Lilly Thankamony, Aany Sofia; Wittmann, Johannes J.; Kaushik, Monu; Corzilius, Björn (November 2017).
939:{\displaystyle d=\hbar \left({\frac {\mu _{0}}{4\pi }}\right){\frac {1}{r^{3}}}\gamma _{1}\gamma _{2}}
629:
or indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling (sometimes also called "scalar" coupling despite the fact that
286:{\displaystyle d=\hbar \left({\frac {\mu _{0}}{4\pi }}\right){\frac {1}{r^{3}}}\gamma _{1}\gamma _{2}}
4731:
4625:
4494:
3864:
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3544:
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2578:
2539:
2500:
2453:
2406:
2367:
2320:
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2226:
2187:
2148:
1958:
1879:
systems, thus enhabling scientists to design carriers and formulations that heighten drug efficacy.
1417:
1056:
609:
56:
3598:"Structure determination of supra-molecular assemblies by solid-state NMR: Practical considerations"
2356:"Swept-frequency two-pulse phase modulation for heteronuclear dipolar decoupling in solid-state NMR"
534:. Magic angle spinning is typically used to remove dipolar couplings weaker than the spinning rate.
103:, dipolar interactions). In a classical liquid-state NMR experiment, molecular tumbling coming from
5704:
5417:
5326:
1804:
1444:
1039:
727:
367:
76:
760:
689:
5752:
5689:
5668:
5484:
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5042:. Robin K. Harris, Roderick E. Wasylishen. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons. 2012.
5023:
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4463:
4310:
4282:
4081:
4023:
3935:
3852:
3831:
3672:
3448:"Understanding Surface and Interfacial Chemistry in Functional Nanomaterials via Solid-State NMR"
3447:
3338:
3181:
3155:
3143:
3124:
3090:
3041:
2686:
2648:
2609:
2355:
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1352:
1346:
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964:
312:
182:
4389:"Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy on Cellular Preparations Enhanced by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization"
3629:"NMR Spectroscopy of Native and in Vitro Tissues Implicates PolyADP Ribose in Biomineralization"
2527:
2488:
2175:
1093:, which has the effect to cancel, at least partially, anisotropic nuclear interactions such as
5653:
5580:
5554:
5176:
5160:
5103:
5053:
5043:
5011:
5001:
4968:
4958:
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4015:
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3513:
3505:
3395:
3387:
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3228:
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3116:
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2725:
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2422:
2336:
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2242:
2114:
2104:
2079:
2069:
2044:
1982:
1974:
1014:
342:
4719:
4483:"Metabolite localization in living drosophila using High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning NMR"
4388:
1657:
1328:
1315:{\displaystyle \gamma _{H}B_{1}(^{1}{\text{H}})=\gamma _{X}B_{1}({\text{X}})\pm n\omega _{R}}
5150:
5142:
5095:
4939:
4891:
4821:
4782:
4739:
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2009:
1966:
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17:
3721:
Linser, Rasmus; Bardiaux, Benjamin; Higman, Victoria; Fink, Uwe; Reif, Bernd (March 2011).
3556:
1455:
The strong H-H homonuclear dipolar interactions associated with broad NMR lines and short T
1190:
790:
669:
551:
177:, which generates a magnetic field that interacts with the dipole moments of other nuclei (
3898:
Mohammed, N.R.; Kent, N.W.; Lynch, R.J.M.; Karpukhina, N.; Hill, R.; Anderson, P. (2013).
3747:
3501:
2925:
1868:
1467:
104:
3955:"Effects of fluoride on in vitro hydroxyapatite demineralisation analysed by 19F MAS-NMR"
1151:) by magnetization transfer from an abundant nuclei with a high gyromagnetic ratio (e.g.
509:{\displaystyle \theta _{m}=\arccos {\sqrt {1/3}}=\arctan {\sqrt {2}}\simeq 54.7^{\circ }}
108:
the behaviour of nuclear spins, which results in the line broadening of the NMR spectra.
4938:. Apollo-University Of Cambridge Repository, Apollo-University Of Cambridge Repository.
4735:
4629:
4498:
3868:
3692:"Structure of a protein determined by solid-state magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy"
3644:
3548:
3358:"Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy for Pharmaceutical Formulations"
3000:
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2854:
2664:
2625:
2582:
2543:
2504:
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2410:
2371:
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2277:
2230:
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1962:
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5130:
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4281:
Zhao, Wancheng; Fernando, Liyanage D.; Kirui, Alex; Deligey, Fabien; Wang, Tuo (2020).
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88:
84:
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4935:
4581:"Solid-state NMR in the Field of Drug Delivery: State of the Art and New Perspectives"
4427:
4093:
4058:
3628:
2778:
2763:"Ultrafast 1 H MAS NMR Crystallography for Natural Abundance Pharmaceutical Compounds"
2633:
2394:
5944:
5854:
4911:
4808:
Pinto, Moisés L.; Mafra, Luís; Guil, José M.; Pires, João; Rocha, João (2011-03-22).
4314:
3486:"Structure and Dynamics of Membrane Proteins by Magic Angle Spinning Solid-State NMR"
3342:
3185:
3128:
2866:
2690:
2610:"Homonuclear dipolar decoupling in solid-state NMR using continuous phase modulation"
2566:
2551:
2512:
2199:
2040:
1876:
544:
4759:
4467:
4027:
3676:
3042:"Dynamic nuclear polarization for sensitivity enhancement in modern solid-state NMR"
149:
5285:
5186:
3939:
2214:
1753:
multidimensional experiments on low natural abundance nuclei, and diluted species.
1162:), or as a spectral editing method to get through space information (e.g. directed
816:
646:
80:
43:
3248:"Natural Abundance 17 O DNP Two-Dimensional and Surface-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy"
1117:
3900:"Effects of Fluoride on in vitro Enamel Demineralization Analyzed by 19F MAS-NMR"
3899:
3301:
Smith, Adam N.; Märker, Katharina; Hediger, Sabine; De Paëpe, Gaël (2019-08-15).
2721:
2441:
2379:
4786:
4720:"What Can We Learn from Solid State NMR on the Electrode-Electrolyte Interface?"
4298:
4135:
3779:
3413:
Laws, David D. Laws; Bitter, Hans-Marcus L.; Jerschow, Alexej (30 August 2002).
3318:
3247:
3169:
3104:
3054:
2605:
2261:
1796:
1071:
531:
5146:
4564:
4547:
4184:
3971:
3954:
2418:
666:
Simulations of the shape of different powder patterns for different asymmetry
5800:
4895:
4597:
4580:
4579:
Marchetti, Alessandro; Yin, Jinglin; Su, Yongchao; Kong, Xueqian (July 2021).
3876:
3382:
3008:
2916:
2831:
2673:
2590:
1970:
1815:
Solid-state NMR has also been successfully used to study biomaterials such as
1737:
temperatures by the means of a continuous microwave irradiation coming from a
626:
96:
51:
5057:
5015:
4972:
4833:
4809:
4696:
4672:
4647:
4514:
4451:
4355:
4249:
4192:
4066:
4019:
3980:
3923:
3722:
3691:
3660:
3564:
3509:
3391:
3357:
3326:
3271:
3224:
3112:
2786:
2729:
2649:"High-resolution 1H NMR of powdered solids by homonuclear dipolar decoupling"
2473:
2426:
2293:
2246:
2160:
1978:
1460:
valuable restraints and parameters important for studying material dynamics.
4868:
4346:
3823:
3652:
2238:
2118:
2083:
662:
27:
5237:
5164:
5107:
4903:
4794:
4751:
4743:
4704:
4532:
4459:
4412:
4404:
4373:
4306:
4267:
4210:
4153:
3931:
3884:
3668:
3582:
3517:
3463:
3399:
3334:
3287:
3232:
3177:
3120:
3063:
3026:
2969:
2934:
2839:
2804:
2747:
2682:
2340:
2332:
1986:
5100:
10.1002/1521-3773(20020902)41:17<3096::AID-ANIE3096>3.0.CO;2-X
5037:
4995:
4952:
4614:"Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Metal–Organic Framework Compounds (MOFs)"
3432:
10.1002/1521-3773(20020902)41:17<3096::AID-ANIE3096>3.0.CO;2-X
2706:"Proton-Based Ultrafast Magic Angle Spinning Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy"
2309:"An Improved Broadband Decoupling Sequence for Liquid Crystals and Solids"
2048:
1787:
fibrils. The latter topic relates to protein aggregation diseases such as
5193:, Blackwell, Oxford, 2004. (Some detailed examples of ssNMR spectroscopy)
4848:
4241:
3803:
3263:
2098:
2063:
1742:
1738:
1719:
633:
is a tensor quantity) describes the interaction of nuclear spins through
516:. Consequently, two nuclei with a dipolar coupling vector at an angle of
3707:
2818:
Gullion T.; Schaefer J. (1989). "Rotational-echo double-resonance NMR".
2704:
Zhang, Rongchun; Mroue, Kamal H.; Ramamoorthy, Ayyalusamy (2017-04-18).
2013:
1875:
Furthermore, ssNMR aids in characterizing porous materials tailored for
523:= 54.7° to a strong external magnetic field have zero dipolar coupling.
370:. In a strong magnetic field, the dipolar coupling depends on the angle
5835:
4011:
2176:"Magic-angle spinning and polarization transfer in proton-enhanced NMR"
1896:
1784:
62:
4825:
4688:
4638:
4506:
3915:
3738:
3373:
3279:
3216:
2961:
2465:
1859:
Other ssNMR applications are in the field of pharmaceutical research.
5210:
4943:
4082:"Solid-State Nmr Studies Of Wood And Other Lignocellulosic Materials"
3995:
3246:
Perras, Frédéric A.; Kobayashi, Takeshi; Pruski, Marek (2015-07-08).
2285:
1925:
1848:
5129:
Reif, Bernd; Ashbrook, Sharon E.; Emsley, Lyndon; Hong, Mei (2021).
4443:
3200:
4283:"Solid-state NMR of plant and fungal cell walls: A critical review"
3160:
3095:
2861:, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. emrstm0448,
189:, and the orientation, with respect to the external magnetic field
4546:
Li, Mingyue; Xu, Wei; Su, Yongchao; Su, Yongchao (December 2020).
2567:"Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Line Narrowing by a Rotating rf Field"
1840:
1836:
1820:
1432:
1116:
1060:
820:
661:
148:
61:
26:
2354:
Thakur, Rajendra Singh; Kurur, Narayanan D.; Madhu, P.K. (2006).
3201:"Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Surface Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy"
1832:
1828:
1824:
1816:
374:
between the internuclear vector and the external magnetic field
5804:
5258:
5254:
5216:
4773:
Griffin, John M.; Forse, Alexander C.; Grey, Clare P. (2016).
4671:
Blanc, Frédéric; Leskes, Michal; Grey, Clare P. (2013-09-17).
4330:"Cellular solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy"
153:
Vectors important for dipolar coupling between nuclear spins I
2174:
Stejskal, E.O; Schaefer, Jacob; Waugh, J.S (October 1977).
1945:
Qian, Chunqi; Pines, Alex; Martin, Rachel W. (2007-09-01).
1214:
fields whose strength fulfil the Hartmann–Hahn condition:
548:
NMR spectrum. However, all symmetric transitions, between
4548:"Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical Sciences"
2440:
Rhim, W‐K.; Elleman, D. D.; Vaughan, R. W. (1973-02-15).
613:
4957:. J. A. Jones, Stephen Wimperis (2nd ed.). Oxford.
2528:"Low-power multipulse line narrowing in solid-state NMR"
2489:"Low-power multipulse line narrowing in solid-state NMR"
2393:
Waugh, J. S.; Huber, L. M.; Haeberlen, U. (1968-01-29).
2307:
Fung, B.M.; Khitrin, A.K.; Ermolaev, Konstantin (2000).
181:). The magnitude of the interaction is dependent on the
5213:
Python package for simulating solid-state NMR spectra.
4954:
NMR : the toolkit : how pulse sequences work
2647:
Paruzzo, Federico M.; Emsley, Lyndon (December 2019).
3533:"Solid-State NMR Studies of Amyloid Fibril Structure"
1704:
1684:
1660:
1493:
1470:
1382:
1355:
1331:
1223:
1193:
1017:
993:
973:
859:
836:
793:
763:
730:
692:
672:
581:
554:
442:
387:
345:
321:
206:
131:
is time-averaged to zero, leaving only the isotropic
3415:"Solid-State NMR Spectroscopic Methods in Chemistry"
1887:
Solid-state NMR has been successfully used to study
5842:
5740:
5677:
5636:
5629:
5591:
5563:
5505:
5455:
5355:
5292:
5173:
Spin Dynamics: Basics of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
4128:
Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
4047:
Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
3602:
Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
3046:
Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
2215:"Coherent Averaging Effects in Magnetic Resonance"
1926:"National Ultrahigh-Field NMR Facility for Solids"
1710:
1690:
1666:
1643:
1476:
1388:
1368:
1337:
1314:
1206:
1030:
999:
979:
938:
842:
799:
779:
749:
708:
678:
597:
567:
508:
421:
358:
327:
285:
3144:"Recent developments in MAS DNP-NMR of materials"
3079:"Recent developments in MAS DNP-NMR of materials"
2608:; Hodgkinson, Paul; Emsley, Lyndon (March 2000).
4853:. Hans Wolfgang Spiess. London: Academic Press.
2134:"Nuclear Double Resonance in the Rotating Frame"
161:. θ is the angle between the vector connecting I
4334:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2526:Burum, D.P; Linder, M; Ernst, R.R (July 1981).
2487:Burum, D.P; Linder, M; Ernst, R.R (July 1981).
185:of the spin species, the internuclear distance
3762:Schanda, Paul; Ernst, Matthias (August 2016).
2565:Lee, Moses; Goldburg, Walter I. (1965-11-15).
1745:, with a frequency close to the corresponding
543:spectroscopy, often comparable in size to the
5816:
5270:
5198:Multidimensional Solid-State NMR and Polymers
4850:Multidimensional solid-state NMR and polymers
4041:Zhao, Chenhua; Asakura, Tetsuo (2001-12-14).
3994:Kricheldorf, H. R.; Müller, D. (1984-11-01).
2262:"Heteronuclear decoupling in rotating solids"
8:
5342:Vibrational spectroscopy of linear molecules
5191:Introduction to Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy
5120:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4775:"Solid-state NMR studies of supercapacitors"
2100:Introduction to solid-state NMR spectroscopy
2065:Introduction to solid-state NMR spectroscopy
1867:plays a pivotal role in ensuring controlled
1102:
422:{\displaystyle D\propto 3\cos ^{2}\theta -1}
5175:, Wiley, Chichester, United Kingdom, 2001.
4088:, vol. 37, Elsevier, pp. 75–117,
3808:. Jacek Klinowski. Berlin: Springer. 2005.
2395:"Approach to High-Resolution nmr in Solids"
1795:. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy complements
645:Paramagnetic substances are subject to the
91:, which can be modified by isotropic (e.g.
5823:
5809:
5801:
5633:
5337:Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy
5277:
5263:
5255:
5028:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4985:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2213:Haeberlen, U.; Waugh, J. S. (1968-11-10).
1726:MAS-Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation (MAS-DNP)
757:, the chemical shift anisotropy parameter
5710:Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy
5390:Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization
5154:
4655:
4637:
4596:
4563:
4522:
4363:
4345:
4257:
4200:
4173:Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
4143:
3970:
3787:
3746:
3572:
3430:
3381:
3307:The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
3159:
3094:
3053:
3016:
2924:
2794:
2737:
2672:
2442:"Enhanced resolution for solid state NMR"
1703:
1683:
1659:
1631:
1627:
1615:
1605:
1599:
1584:
1580:
1568:
1558:
1552:
1537:
1533:
1521:
1511:
1505:
1492:
1469:
1381:
1360:
1354:
1330:
1306:
1288:
1279:
1269:
1254:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1222:
1198:
1192:
1022:
1016:
992:
972:
930:
920:
908:
899:
879:
873:
858:
835:
792:
768:
762:
735:
729:
697:
691:
671:
589:
580:
559:
553:
500:
486:
467:
462:
447:
441:
401:
386:
350:
344:
320:
277:
267:
255:
246:
226:
220:
205:
5478:Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
5238:"University of Ottawa NMR Facility Blog"
3362:Journal of the American Chemical Society
3252:Journal of the American Chemical Society
1429:Rotational Echo DOuble Resonance (REDOR)
5088:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
4393:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
1917:
1089:) with respect to the direction of the
994:
866:
322:
213:
5113:
5063:
5021:
4978:
4884:Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
4779:Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
4287:Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
3829:
3557:10.1146/annurev-physchem-032210-103539
3148:Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
3083:Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
4718:Haber, Shira; Leskes, Michal (2018).
4124:"Magic angle spinning NMR of viruses"
3502:10.1146/annurev.biophys.050708.133719
2132:Hartmann, S. R.; Hahn, E. L. (1962).
1424:Advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy
825:Dipolar powder pattern (Pake pattern)
7:
5783:
5196:Schmidt-Rohr, K. and Spiess, H.-W.,
4080:Gil, A.M.; Neto, C. Pascoal (1999),
4043:"Structure of Silk studied with NMR"
1895:, surfaces of nanoporous materials,
5224:"Solid-State MAS NMR | Protein NMR"
4552:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry
3537:Annual Review of Physical Chemistry
1799:and beam diffraction methods (e.g.
1698:represent the NMR line widths, and
5200:, Academic Press, San Diego, 1994.
4086:Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy
3768:Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc
2859:Encyclopedia of Magnetic Resonance
1405:Spin interactions can be removed (
765:
694:
145:Magnetic dipole-dipole interaction
25:
5695:Deep-level transient spectroscopy
5447:Saturated absorption spectroscopy
3805:New techniques in solid-state NMR
2779:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01157
5782:
5771:
5770:
5700:Dual-polarization interferometry
5242:u-of-o-nmr-facility.blogspot.com
4936:"Understanding NMR Spectroscopy"
4923:Suggested readings for beginners
2867:10.1002/9780470034590.emrstm0448
1865:active pharmaceutical ingredient
1046:Essential solid-state techniques
99:) and anisotropic interactions (
5715:Scanning tunneling spectroscopy
5690:Circular dichroism spectroscopy
5685:Acoustic resonance spectroscopy
2446:The Journal of Chemical Physics
2266:The Journal of Chemical Physics
1855:Drugs and drug delivery systems
1797:solution-state NMR spectroscopy
1747:electron paramagnetic resonance
967:of the dipolar-coupled nuclei,
83:depends on the strength of the
5644:Fourier-transform spectroscopy
5332:Vibrational circular dichroism
5183:(NMR basics, including solids)
5135:Nature Reviews Methods Primers
5131:"Solid-state NMR spectroscopy"
4230:Journal of Experimental Botany
3748:11858/00-001M-0000-0018-E916-0
2926:11858/00-001M-0000-0018-EE69-A
2853:Schaefer, Jacob (2007-03-15),
1293:
1285:
1259:
1245:
987:is the internuclear distance,
787:, and the asymmetry parameter
686:and chemical shift anisotropy
101:e.g. chemical shift anisotropy
1:
5442:Cavity ring-down spectroscopy
5347:Thermal infrared spectroscopy
4677:Accounts of Chemical Research
4224:Wang, Tuo; Hong, Mei (2016).
4094:10.1016/s0066-4103(08)60014-9
4059:10.1016/S0079-6565(01)00039-5
3857:Journal of Magnetic Resonance
3205:Accounts of Chemical Research
2989:Journal of Magnetic Resonance
2857:, in Harris, Robin K. (ed.),
2710:Accounts of Chemical Research
2653:Journal of Magnetic Resonance
2634:10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00127-5
2532:Journal of Magnetic Resonance
2493:Journal of Magnetic Resonance
2313:Journal of Magnetic Resonance
2180:Journal of Magnetic Resonance
1951:Journal of Magnetic Resonance
1184:CP in protein spectroscopy).
750:{\displaystyle \delta _{iso}}
5576:Inelastic neutron scattering
3959:Frontiers in Dental Medicine
3531:Tycko, Robert (2011-05-05).
3484:McDermott, Ann (June 2009).
2722:10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00082
2552:10.1016/0022-2364(81)90200-6
2513:10.1016/0022-2364(81)90200-6
2380:10.1016/j.cplett.2006.06.007
2200:10.1016/0022-2364(77)90260-8
2041:10.1016/0926-2040(95)01210-9
1732:Dynamic nuclear polarization
780:{\displaystyle \Delta _{CS}}
709:{\displaystyle \Delta _{CS}}
18:Solid-state NMR spectroscopy
5637:Data collection, processing
5513:Photoelectron/photoemission
4787:10.1016/j.ssnmr.2016.03.003
4299:10.1016/j.ssnmr.2020.101660
4136:10.1016/j.pnmrs.2015.02.003
4000:Colloid and Polymer Science
3780:10.1016/j.pnmrs.2016.02.001
3490:Annual Review of Biophysics
3319:10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03874
3170:10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.05.009
3105:10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.05.009
3055:10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.06.002
1369:{\displaystyle \omega _{R}}
653:Solid-state NMR line shapes
614:DAS (Double Angle Spinning)
169:, and the magnetic field B.
5972:
5951:Nuclear magnetic resonance
5722:Photoacoustic spectroscopy
5664:Time-resolved spectroscopy
5147:10.1038/s43586-020-00002-1
4997:Nuclear magnetic resonance
4585:Magnetic Resonance Letters
4565:10.1016/j.trac.2020.116152
4185:10.1038/s41594-020-00536-8
3972:10.3389/fdmed.2023.1171827
2419:10.1103/PhysRevLett.20.180
1775:Proteins and bioaggregates
1729:
1376:is the spinning rate, and
1054:
814:
142:
115:
48:nuclear magnetic resonance
5766:
5748:Astronomical spectroscopy
5727:Photothermal spectroscopy
4896:10.1007/s00216-009-3128-7
4847:Schmidt-Rohr, K. (1994).
4598:10.1016/j.mrl.2021.100003
3877:10.1016/j.jmr.2014.12.011
3851:Duer, Melinda J. (2015).
3009:10.1016/j.jmr.2017.11.011
2917:10.1016/j.jmr.2008.04.021
2832:10.1016/j.jmr.2011.09.003
2674:10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106598
2591:10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1261
2103:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
2097:Duer, Melinda J. (2004).
2068:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
2062:Duer, Melinda J. (2004).
1971:10.1016/j.jmr.2007.06.006
1851:, and even live animals.
1722:of the probe resonances.
1099:chemical shift anisotropy
71:Nuclear spin interactions
5000:(2nd ed.). Oxford.
2614:Chemical Physics Letters
2360:Chemical Physics Letters
2161:10.1103/PhysRev.128.2042
1889:metal organic frameworks
1451:Ultra Fast MAS for H NMR
1031:{\displaystyle \mu _{0}}
359:{\displaystyle \mu _{0}}
173:Nuclear spins exhibit a
50:(NMR) spectroscopy. The
5732:Pump–probe spectroscopy
5621:Ferromagnetic resonance
5413:Laser-induced breakdown
4347:10.1073/pnas.1116478109
3653:10.1126/science.1248167
2767:Molecular Pharmaceutics
2604:Sakellariou, Dimitris;
2399:Physical Review Letters
2239:10.1103/PhysRev.175.453
1667:{\displaystyle \gamma }
1338:{\displaystyle \gamma }
1009:reduced Planck constant
538:Quadrupolar interaction
337:reduced Planck constant
5428:Glow-discharge optical
5408:Raman optical activity
5322:Rotational–vibrational
5070:: CS1 maint: others (
4934:Keeler, James (2002).
4814:Chemistry of Materials
4744:10.1002/adma.201706496
4405:10.1002/anie.201105984
3836:: CS1 maint: others (
3464:10.1002/adma.201605895
2333:10.1006/jmre.1999.1896
1712:
1692:
1668:
1645:
1478:
1439:
1390:
1370:
1339:
1316:
1208:
1123:
1067:
1032:
1001:
1000:{\displaystyle \hbar }
981:
940:
844:
826:
801:
781:
751:
717:
710:
680:
599:
598:{\displaystyle -m_{I}}
569:
510:
423:
378:(figure) according to
360:
329:
328:{\displaystyle \hbar }
287:
175:magnetic dipole moment
170:
67:
32:
5956:Scientific techniques
5649:Hyperspectral imaging
1801:X-ray crystallography
1730:Further information:
1713:
1693:
1669:
1646:
1479:
1436:
1413:SPINAL-64, SWf-TPPM)
1391:
1371:
1340:
1317:
1209:
1207:{\displaystyle B_{1}}
1120:
1064:
1033:
1002:
982:
941:
845:
824:
815:Further information:
802:
800:{\displaystyle \eta }
782:
752:
711:
681:
679:{\displaystyle \eta }
665:
600:
570:
568:{\displaystyle m_{I}}
511:
424:
361:
330:
288:
152:
65:
30:
5401:Coherent anti-Stokes
5356:UV–Vis–NIR "Optical"
5171:Levitt, Malcolm H.,
4994:Hore, P. J. (2015).
4951:Hore, P. J. (2015).
3264:10.1021/jacs.5b03905
3048:. 102–103: 120–195.
1770:Biology and Medicine
1702:
1682:
1658:
1491:
1477:{\displaystyle \xi }
1468:
1445:NMR crystallographic
1418:magic angle spinning
1380:
1353:
1329:
1221:
1191:
1057:Magic angle spinning
1051:Magic angle spinning
1015:
991:
971:
857:
834:
791:
761:
728:
690:
670:
579:
552:
440:
385:
343:
319:
204:
57:magic angle spinning
5705:Hadron spectroscopy
5495:Conversion electron
5456:X-ray and Gamma ray
5363:Ultraviolet–visible
5039:Encyclopedia of NMR
4736:2018AdM....3006496H
4630:2012Mate....5.2537H
4499:2015NatSR...5E9872S
3869:2015JMagR.253...98D
3708:10.1038/nature01070
3645:2014Sci...344..742C
3549:2011ARPC...62..279T
3001:2018JMagR.286...99I
2956:(45): 15957–15967.
2909:2008JMagR.193...89L
2665:2019JMagR.30906598P
2626:2000CPL...319..253S
2583:1965PhRv..140.1261L
2577:(4A): A1261–A1271.
2544:1981JMagR..44..173B
2505:1981JMagR..44..173B
2458:1973JChPh..58.1772R
2411:1968PhRvL..20..180W
2372:2006CPL...426..459T
2325:2000JMagR.142...97F
2278:1995JChPh.103.6951B
2231:1968PhRv..175..453H
2192:1977JMagR..28..105S
2153:1962PhRv..128.2042H
2014:10.1021/ja00124a023
1963:2007JMagR.188..183Q
1805:electron microscopy
1793:Parkinson's disease
1789:Alzheimer's disease
1676:gyromagnetic ratios
1347:gyromagnetic ratios
1078:(ca. 54.74°, where
1040:vacuum permeability
965:gyromagnetic ratios
610:Legendre polynomial
368:vacuum permeability
313:gyromagnetic ratios
77:resonance frequency
5753:Force spectroscopy
5678:Measured phenomena
5669:Video spectroscopy
5373:Cold vapour atomic
4724:Advanced Materials
4487:Scientific Reports
4432:NMR in Biomedicine
4242:10.1093/jxb/erv416
4012:10.1007/BF01452215
3452:Advanced Materials
3383:20.500.11850/80771
1708:
1688:
1664:
1641:
1474:
1440:
1386:
1366:
1335:
1312:
1204:
1127:Cross-polarization
1124:
1113:Cross-polarisation
1068:
1028:
997:
977:
936:
840:
827:
797:
777:
747:
718:
706:
676:
641:Other interactions
595:
565:
506:
419:
356:
325:
283:
183:gyromagnetic ratio
171:
129:chemical shielding
112:Chemical shielding
68:
33:
5938:
5937:
5798:
5797:
5762:
5761:
5654:Spectrophotometry
5581:Neutron spin echo
5555:Beta spectroscopy
5468:Energy-dispersive
5094:(17): 3096–3129.
5049:978-0-470-05821-3
5007:978-0-19-870341-9
4964:978-0-19-870342-6
4826:10.1021/cm1029563
4689:10.1021/ar400022u
4639:10.3390/ma5122537
4624:(12): 2537–2572.
4507:10.1038/srep09872
4399:(12): 2998–3001.
4340:(13): 4863–4868.
4179:(12): 1202–1208.
4103:978-0-12-505337-2
3916:10.1159/000350171
3815:978-3-540-22168-5
3739:10.1021/ja110222h
3639:(6185): 742–746.
3419:Angewandte Chemie
3374:10.1021/ja4092038
3313:(16): 4652–4662.
3258:(26): 8336–8339.
3217:10.1021/ar300322x
2962:10.1021/ja100726a
2876:978-0-470-03459-0
2855:"REDOR and TEDOR"
2466:10.1063/1.1679423
2272:(16): 6951–6958.
2008:(19): 5367–5368.
1883:Materials science
1781:membrane proteins
1749:(EPR) frequency.
1711:{\displaystyle Q}
1691:{\displaystyle W}
1621:
1574:
1527:
1389:{\displaystyle n}
1291:
1257:
980:{\displaystyle r}
914:
893:
843:{\displaystyle d}
491:
475:
436:becomes zero for
261:
240:
16:(Redirected from
5963:
5832:NMR spectroscopy
5825:
5818:
5811:
5802:
5786:
5785:
5774:
5773:
5634:
5545:phenomenological
5294:Vibrational (IR)
5279:
5272:
5265:
5256:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5187:Duer, Melinda J.
5168:
5158:
5125:
5119:
5111:
5075:
5069:
5061:
5033:
5027:
5019:
4990:
4984:
4976:
4947:
4944:10.17863/CAM.968
4916:
4915:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4820:(6): 1387–1395.
4805:
4799:
4798:
4781:. 74–75: 16–35.
4770:
4764:
4763:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4683:(9): 1952–1963.
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4641:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4526:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4367:
4349:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4261:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4204:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4147:
4130:. 86–87: 21–40.
4119:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4038:
4032:
4031:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3974:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3835:
3827:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3727:J. Am. Chem. Soc
3718:
3712:
3711:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3576:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3385:
3368:(6): 2324–2334.
3353:
3347:
3346:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3211:(9): 1942–1951.
3196:
3190:
3189:
3163:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3098:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3057:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3020:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2950:J. Am. Chem. Soc
2945:
2939:
2938:
2928:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2716:(4): 1105–1113.
2701:
2695:
2694:
2676:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2620:(3–4): 253–260.
2601:
2595:
2594:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2452:(4): 1772–1773.
2437:
2431:
2430:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2366:(4–6): 459–463.
2351:
2345:
2344:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2286:10.1063/1.470372
2257:
2251:
2250:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2147:(5): 2042–2053.
2138:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2002:J. Am. Chem. Soc
1997:
1991:
1990:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1922:
1903:Art conservation
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1609:
1600:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1563:
1562:
1553:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1506:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1274:
1273:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1088:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1006:
1004:
1003:
998:
986:
984:
983:
978:
945:
943:
942:
937:
935:
934:
925:
924:
915:
913:
912:
900:
898:
894:
892:
884:
883:
874:
849:
847:
846:
841:
806:
804:
803:
798:
786:
784:
783:
778:
776:
775:
756:
754:
753:
748:
746:
745:
715:
713:
712:
707:
705:
704:
685:
683:
682:
677:
604:
602:
601:
596:
594:
593:
574:
572:
571:
566:
564:
563:
515:
513:
512:
507:
505:
504:
492:
487:
476:
471:
463:
452:
451:
428:
426:
425:
420:
406:
405:
365:
363:
362:
357:
355:
354:
334:
332:
331:
326:
292:
290:
289:
284:
282:
281:
272:
271:
262:
260:
259:
247:
245:
241:
239:
231:
230:
221:
179:dipolar coupling
139:Dipolar coupling
21:
5971:
5970:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5960:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5934:
5838:
5829:
5799:
5794:
5758:
5736:
5673:
5625:
5587:
5559:
5501:
5451:
5351:
5312:Resonance Raman
5288:
5283:
5246:
5244:
5236:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5207:
5128:
5112:
5085:
5082:
5080:Solid-state NMR
5062:
5050:
5036:
5020:
5008:
4993:
4977:
4965:
4950:
4933:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4861:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4730:(41): 1706496.
4717:
4716:
4712:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4444:10.1002/nbm.888
4425:
4424:
4420:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4006:(11): 856–861.
3993:
3992:
3988:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3904:Caries Research
3897:
3896:
3892:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3828:
3816:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3458:(14): 1605895.
3445:
3444:
3440:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3039:
3038:
3034:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2571:Physical Review
2564:
2563:
2559:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2219:Physical Review
2212:
2211:
2207:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2111:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2076:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2029:Solid-State NMR
2026:
2025:
2021:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1905:
1885:
1869:bioavailability
1857:
1813:
1777:
1772:
1759:
1734:
1728:
1700:
1699:
1680:
1679:
1656:
1655:
1611:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1564:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1517:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1489:
1488:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1453:
1431:
1426:
1403:
1378:
1377:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1327:
1326:
1302:
1275:
1265:
1244:
1234:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1115:
1103:and quadrupolar
1086:
1079:
1077:
1059:
1053:
1048:
1018:
1013:
1012:
989:
988:
969:
968:
962:
955:
926:
916:
904:
885:
875:
869:
855:
854:
832:
831:
819:
813:
811:Dipolar pattern
789:
788:
764:
759:
758:
731:
726:
725:
693:
688:
687:
668:
667:
660:
655:
643:
623:
608:
585:
577:
576:
555:
550:
549:
540:
529:
522:
496:
443:
438:
437:
397:
383:
382:
346:
341:
340:
317:
316:
315:of the nuclei,
310:
303:
273:
263:
251:
232:
222:
216:
202:
201:
168:
164:
160:
156:
147:
141:
120:
114:
105:Brownian motion
73:
36:Solid-state NMR
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5969:
5967:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5943:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5820:
5813:
5805:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5792:
5780:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5750:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5640:
5638:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5573:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5528:Angle-resolved
5525:
5520:
5509:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5487:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5459:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5393:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5365:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5298:
5296:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5234:
5220:
5214:
5206:
5205:External links
5203:
5202:
5201:
5194:
5184:
5181:978-0470511176
5169:
5126:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5048:
5034:
5006:
4991:
4963:
4948:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4890:(1): 213–220.
4874:
4859:
4839:
4800:
4765:
4710:
4663:
4604:
4571:
4538:
4473:
4438:(4): 191–205.
4418:
4379:
4320:
4273:
4236:(2): 503–514.
4216:
4159:
4114:
4102:
4072:
4053:(4): 301–352.
4033:
3986:
3945:
3910:(5): 421–428.
3890:
3843:
3814:
3795:
3754:
3713:
3682:
3619:
3588:
3543:(1): 279–299.
3523:
3496:(1): 385–403.
3476:
3438:
3405:
3348:
3293:
3238:
3191:
3134:
3069:
3032:
2975:
2940:
2897:J. Magn. Reson
2887:
2875:
2845:
2826:(2): 196–200.
2820:J. Magn. Reson
2810:
2773:(2): 674–682.
2753:
2696:
2639:
2596:
2557:
2538:(1): 173–188.
2518:
2499:(1): 173–188.
2479:
2432:
2405:(5): 180–182.
2385:
2346:
2299:
2252:
2225:(2): 453–467.
2205:
2186:(1): 105–112.
2166:
2124:
2109:
2089:
2074:
2054:
2019:
1992:
1957:(1): 183–189.
1937:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1884:
1881:
1856:
1853:
1812:
1809:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1758:
1755:
1727:
1724:
1720:quality factor
1718:represent the
1707:
1687:
1663:
1652:
1651:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1473:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1402:
1399:
1385:
1363:
1359:
1334:
1323:
1322:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1227:
1201:
1197:
1178:
1167:
1156:
1145:
1134:
1114:
1111:
1091:magnetic field
1084:
1075:
1055:Main article:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1025:
1021:
996:
976:
960:
953:
947:
946:
933:
929:
923:
919:
911:
907:
903:
897:
891:
888:
882:
878:
872:
868:
865:
862:
839:
812:
809:
796:
774:
771:
767:
744:
741:
738:
734:
703:
700:
696:
675:
659:
658:Powder pattern
656:
654:
651:
642:
639:
635:chemical bonds
622:
619:
606:
592:
588:
584:
562:
558:
539:
536:
530:is called the
527:
520:
503:
499:
495:
490:
485:
482:
479:
474:
470:
466:
461:
458:
455:
450:
446:
431:
430:
418:
415:
412:
409:
404:
400:
396:
393:
390:
353:
349:
324:
308:
301:
295:
294:
280:
276:
270:
266:
258:
254:
250:
244:
238:
235:
229:
225:
219:
215:
212:
209:
166:
162:
158:
154:
143:Main article:
140:
137:
133:chemical shift
118:Chemical shift
116:Main article:
113:
110:
95:, isotropic J-
93:chemical shift
85:magnetic field
72:
69:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5968:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5826:
5821:
5819:
5814:
5812:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5791:
5790:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5739:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5632:
5628:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5590:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5436:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5385:Near-infrared
5383:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5280:
5275:
5273:
5268:
5266:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5204:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5127:
5123:
5117:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5073:
5067:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4992:
4988:
4982:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4922:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4878:
4875:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4860:0-12-626630-1
4856:
4852:
4851:
4843:
4840:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4804:
4801:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4769:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4714:
4711:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4664:
4658:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4605:
4599:
4594:
4591:(9): 100003.
4590:
4586:
4582:
4575:
4572:
4566:
4561:
4558:(4): 116152.
4557:
4553:
4549:
4542:
4539:
4534:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4477:
4474:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4422:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4324:
4321:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4274:
4269:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4220:
4217:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4163:
4160:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4118:
4115:
4105:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4076:
4073:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4037:
4034:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3990:
3987:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3799:
3796:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3755:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3733:: 5905–5912.
3732:
3728:
3724:
3717:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3686:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3620:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3592:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3527:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3477:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3439:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2878:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2849:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2319:(1): 97–101.
2318:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2110:1-4051-0914-9
2106:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2075:1-4051-0914-9
2071:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1877:drug delivery
1873:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1835:, as well as
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1705:
1685:
1677:
1661:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1484:is given by:
1471:
1461:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1435:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1400:
1398:
1383:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1332:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1249:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1128:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1058:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1023:
1019:
1010:
974:
966:
959:
952:
931:
927:
921:
917:
909:
905:
901:
895:
889:
886:
880:
876:
870:
863:
860:
853:
852:
851:
837:
823:
818:
810:
808:
794:
772:
769:
742:
739:
736:
732:
722:
701:
698:
673:
664:
657:
652:
650:
648:
640:
638:
636:
632:
628:
620:
618:
615:
611:
590:
586:
582:
560:
556:
546:
537:
535:
533:
526:
519:
501:
497:
493:
488:
483:
480:
477:
472:
468:
464:
459:
456:
453:
448:
444:
435:
416:
413:
410:
407:
402:
398:
394:
391:
388:
381:
380:
379:
377:
373:
369:
351:
347:
338:
314:
307:
300:
278:
274:
268:
264:
256:
252:
248:
242:
236:
233:
227:
223:
217:
210:
207:
200:
199:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
151:
146:
138:
136:
134:
130:
124:
119:
111:
109:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
70:
64:
60:
58:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
29:
19:
5787:
5775:
5755:(a misnomer)
5741:Applications
5659:Time-stretch
5550:paramagnetic
5368:Fluorescence
5286:Spectroscopy
5245:. Retrieved
5241:
5227:. Retrieved
5197:
5190:
5172:
5138:
5134:
5116:cite journal
5091:
5087:
5038:
4996:
4953:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4849:
4842:
4817:
4813:
4803:
4778:
4768:
4727:
4723:
4713:
4680:
4676:
4666:
4621:
4617:
4607:
4588:
4584:
4574:
4555:
4551:
4541:
4490:
4486:
4476:
4435:
4431:
4421:
4396:
4392:
4382:
4337:
4333:
4323:
4290:
4286:
4276:
4233:
4229:
4219:
4176:
4172:
4162:
4127:
4117:
4107:, retrieved
4085:
4075:
4050:
4046:
4036:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3962:
3958:
3948:
3907:
3903:
3893:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3804:
3798:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3730:
3726:
3716:
3699:
3695:
3685:
3636:
3632:
3622:
3610:. Retrieved
3605:
3601:
3591:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3467:. Retrieved
3455:
3451:
3441:
3425:(17): 3096.
3422:
3418:
3408:
3365:
3361:
3351:
3310:
3306:
3296:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3045:
3035:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2903:(1): 89–93.
2900:
2896:
2890:
2880:, retrieved
2858:
2848:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2617:
2613:
2606:Lesage, Anne
2599:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2144:
2140:
2127:
2099:
2092:
2064:
2057:
2035:(1): 73–83.
2032:
2028:
2022:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1929:. Retrieved
1920:
1906:
1886:
1874:
1861:
1858:
1814:
1811:Biomaterials
1778:
1764:
1760:
1757:Applications
1751:
1735:
1653:
1462:
1454:
1441:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1324:
1186:
1125:
1107:
1081:
1069:
957:
950:
948:
828:
817:Pake doublet
723:
719:
647:Knight shift
644:
630:
624:
541:
524:
517:
433:
432:
375:
371:
305:
298:
296:
194:
190:
186:
172:
125:
121:
81:nuclear spin
74:
44:spectroscopy
39:
35:
34:
5327:Vibrational
5211:mrsimulator
4928:General NMR
4493:(1): 9872.
3612:20 December
3469:20 December
3154:: 116–143.
3089:: 116–143.
1122:decoupling.
1072:magic angle
716:parameters.
532:magic angle
52:anisotropic
5945:Categories
5533:Two-photon
5435:absorption
5317:Rotational
5247:2021-09-13
5229:2021-09-13
4293:: 101660.
4109:2021-09-13
3863:: 98–110.
3702:: 98–102.
3161:2007.09954
3096:2007.09954
2995:: 99–109.
2882:2021-09-13
2659:: 106598.
1931:2014-09-22
1912:References
1401:Decoupling
627:J-coupling
621:J-coupling
5611:Terahertz
5592:Radiowave
5490:Mössbauer
5217:SSNMRBLOG
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4697:0001-4842
4648:1996-1944
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