368:
test segment was lost due to improper fuel casting. In 1990, prior to the first stacking of the motor, the crane assembling the booster dropped a segment, causing it to roll away from the test area and explode. One worker was killed and nine injured. The mishap also caused the first launch of a Titan IV with SRMU boosters to be delayed; originally, the new booster was expected to launch in 1991. One year later, in the SRMU's first test firing, the motor exploded upon ignition. The motor had to be thoroughly redesigned. In the meantime, Martin
Marietta placed an order for more UA120 motors, as the SRMU would not be ready in time. At the same time, Hercules' costs severely exceeded the value of the contract it had been awarded. The
317:. An electrical detonator is used to activate pyrotechnics for booster ignition and staging, and for the flight termination system, which consists of a shaped charge explosive designed to destroy the booster in flight. The booster is attached to the vehicle core by a reinforced aft skirt near the base of the motor, which also transmits the thrust loads between the two structures. This skirt also contains the assembly for the thrust vectoring control (TVC) system. The nozzle itself is made of steel, wrapped in an epoxy composite similar to that on the motor segments. Additional structural elements include steel bands at segment joins. Each segment is manufactured separately, then integrated at the launch site.
27:
476:
464:
43:
428:
452:
392:
416:
404:
440:
2171:
375:
By 1994, it had become apparent that Martin
Marietta's additional order for UA1207 boosters, combined with a decline in demand for launches, was resulting in a surplus of completed Titan IV carrier rockets. As a result, the SRMU would not be needed until 1997. A total of 17 flight sets of boosters
367:
Numerous delays took place during development. Martin
Marietta changed the majority of its design requirements for the SRMU between 1988 and 1990, rendering progress slow. The SRMU was the largest motor Hercules had ever built, and it was also its first use of HTPB binder. Early in development, a
305:
nozzle, which can move up to 6 degrees. The hydraulic system features redundant pumps that keep the fluid loop at 3,150 psi (21.7 MPa). These characteristics were chosen for greater performance and higher reliability compared to its predecessor, the UA1207, which was manufactured from 7
379:
In 2000, the carbon-phenolic coated nozzle of the SRMU was redesigned. The new nozzle used new materials that were cleaner than those previously used, which were incompliant with new environmental regulations.
324:
is designed to generate highest thrust before 40 seconds, and to rapidly decrease thrust after 120 seconds. Two SRMUs provide all of the Titan IV-B's thrust at liftoff and function as a "stage 0"; the
306:
segments and used liquid fuel injection for steering. There are six stage separation motors, three fore and three aft, which push the empty casing away from the launcher's core after booster burnout.
301:
and aluminium, joined by a HTPB binder. Upon launch, the booster weighs approximately 776,000 lbs (352,000 kg). The SRMU participates in vehicle control using a hydraulically driven
372:
in 1993 directed the Air Force to provide an additional $ 350 million to allow
Hercules to finish work on the SRMU. Before the end of 1994, the booster had finally been qualified for flight.
463:
893:
475:
277:. Originally intended to fly in 1990, it instead first flew in 1997 due to a protracted development and lack of demand. The SRMU performed successfully on all of its flights.
2308:
2504:
266:
1126:
617:
2303:
439:
364:, issued a request for proposals for a new booster to be used on Titan. A fixed-price contract was awarded to Hercules Inc. for the new motor.
403:
1157:
496:
26:
1047:
Chamberlain, Roger, "Paper
Session II-C - Titan IV Heavy-Lift Space Launch System Evolution" (1994). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 3.
309:
The SRMU's electrical equipment and instrumentation is located within the nosecone at the front of the booster. Like the Space
Shuttle's
391:
2423:
310:
270:
943:
968:
356:
carrier rockets. First flown in 1965, the UA120s were built from many segments and had a heavy thrust vectoring system that sprayed
337:
262:
111:
258:
786:
1822:
2298:
2293:
2288:
1912:
415:
1048:
868:
697:
1119:
2494:
427:
843:
340:, in which a seal joining two solid rocket motor segments failed, destroying the vehicle and killing all 7 crew, the
1777:
1496:
1458:
894:"HERCULES PROBES FAILURE OF ADHESION IN TITAN IV SOLID ROCKET MOTOR OFFICIALS SAY 'ANOMALY' WON'T CAUSE SETBACK"
818:
1838:
1167:
1104:
2179:
1405:
1398:
1258:
1112:
998:
341:
321:
238:
2509:
2263:
2132:
1902:
1892:
1583:
1565:
451:
369:
628:
2453:
2448:
2398:
2318:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2142:
1917:
1867:
1805:
1253:
919:
501:
360:
into the nozzle flow to deflect thrust. Therefore, in 1987, the Air Force and the Titan's manufacturer,
353:
2499:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2393:
1827:
1139:
541:
507:
482:
357:
298:
274:
2428:
2248:
1948:
1818:
1503:
1143:
345:
320:
As is typical for solid rocket motors, thrust varies throughout the course of the burn. The SRMU's
250:
68:
2243:
1024:
2323:
794:
694:
Quick-Reaction Report on the
Management of the Titan IV Solid Rocket Motor Upgrade Subcontract
557:
101:
2373:
2353:
1472:
1465:
762:
727:
665:
587:
549:
302:
193:
174:
163:
1772:
1190:
361:
1049:
https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1994-31st/april-27-1994/3
545:
1747:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1341:
1178:
1146:
1025:"H.R.5504 - 102nd Congress (1991-1992): Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1993"
314:
1084:
2488:
1752:
1536:
1452:
1378:
1197:
1135:
1085:"Spaceflight Now | Breaking News | Titan 4 solid rocket motor test firing successful"
753:
Saemisch, Michael; Jackson, Donald; Saemisch, Michael; Jackson, Donald (1997-07-06),
286:
285:
The SRMU is a three-segment solid rocket motor. Each segment has a casing wound from
246:
48:
761:, Joint Propulsion Conferences, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
726:, Joint Propulsion Conferences, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
664:, Joint Propulsion Conferences, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
586:, Joint Propulsion Conferences, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
325:
1842:
1809:
1742:
1737:
1732:
693:
290:
754:
719:
657:
579:
798:
561:
1877:
1060:
328:
on the core ignites at T+131 seconds, 15 seconds before booster separation.
269:, it was an ambitious upgrade building on Hercules' experience developing a
2338:
2333:
2253:
2238:
2223:
1927:
1631:
242:
153:
58:
2468:* Different versions of the engine use different propellant combinations
766:
731:
669:
658:"Titan IV Solid Rocket Motor Upgrade Program at Alliant Techsystems Inc"
591:
2433:
2258:
2233:
2228:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1897:
1673:
1636:
1626:
1621:
1595:
1484:
1371:
1316:
1310:
2388:
2122:
2117:
2086:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2025:
2014:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1937:
1887:
1762:
1706:
1699:
1683:
1667:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1576:
1570:
1560:
1436:
1429:
1268:
1219:
294:
253:), it was intended to be a high-performance, low-cost upgrade to the
553:
376:
were ordered; the last were used on the last Titan flight in 2005.
2438:
2378:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2153:
2147:
2091:
2080:
2070:
2020:
1872:
1862:
1814:
1782:
1767:
1757:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1554:
1548:
1422:
1416:
1411:
1391:
1356:
1351:
1328:
1305:
1273:
1237:
1230:
1224:
1214:
1209:
529:
349:
254:
86:
2075:
2065:
1857:
1693:
1532:
1447:
1346:
1335:
1294:
1288:
1283:
1248:
1108:
724:
34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint
Propulsion Conference and Exhibit
297:. The casing is filled with a fuel grain composed primarily of
2368:
2363:
2358:
2348:
510:- contemporary Hercules development using similar technology
469:
2 SRMU loft Titan IV-B carrying the
Cassini-Huygens probe
944:"TITAN MOTOR ACCIDENT DEALT YET ANOTHER BLOW TO HERCULES"
1061:"Spaceflight Now | Titan Launch Report | Goodbye, Titan"
969:"HERCULES SAYS ROCKET BLAST WON'T STOP TITAN IV PROJECT"
755:"Lessons learned from Titan IV SRMU ordnance programs"
445:
An SRMU on the stand at the Museum of the US Air Force
313:, operating voltage for the electrical system was 28V
718:
Rudman, Thomas; De, Duane; Earl, Steve (1998-07-13),
2178:
2107:
1804:
1797:
1528:
1519:
1367:
1186:
1177:
1166:
578:Wilson, W.; Anderson, J.; Meyden, M. (1992-07-06),
223:
215:
207:
202:
192:
184:
173:
162:
151:
143:
138:
130:
125:
117:
107:
100:
92:
82:
74:
64:
54:
36:
1003:Department of Defense Office of Inspector General
409:Integrated SRMU at the Museum of the US Air Force
257:boosters previously used on Titan IV. Wound from
869:"HERCULES: BOOMING COMPANY CELEBRATES 75TH YEAR"
720:"Titan IVB, SRMU and Centaur propulsion systems"
920:"Titan 4 Motor Explosion Blamed on Design Flaw"
787:"COMPANY NEWS; HERCULES WINS MARIETTA CONTRACT"
530:"Titan IV motor failure and redesign analyses"
528:Chang, I-Shih; Patel, N. R.; Yang, S. (1995).
1120:
656:Foote, Jeffrey; Foote, Jeffrey (1997-07-06),
397:SRMU lifted at the Museum of the US Air Force
8:
759:33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit
662:33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit
584:28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit
19:
1801:
1525:
1183:
1174:
1127:
1113:
1105:
844:"HERCULES FUELS INITIAL TITAN IV SEGMENT"
267:ammonium perchlorate composite propellant
481:Ignition of SRMU on a military mission (
520:
387:
612:
610:
608:
606:
289:composite and an insulation system of
18:
16:American solid propellant rocket motor
993:
991:
989:
7:
1158:Comparison of orbital rocket engines
748:
746:
713:
711:
709:
707:
688:
686:
684:
651:
649:
573:
571:
497:Comparison of orbital rocket engines
2505:Rocket engines of the United States
819:"FIRM WITHHELD DATA, HERCULES SAYS"
700:from the original on May 10, 2022.
421:Workers push an SRMU into position
241:that was used as a booster on the
14:
534:Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets
338:Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster
263:hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
20:Solid Rocket Motor Upgrade (SRMU)
2169:
474:
462:
450:
438:
426:
414:
402:
390:
41:
25:
259:carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer
245:B launch vehicle. Developed by
227:80,611 lb (36,565 kg)
158:859.5 psi (5,926 kPa)
147:6.41 MN (1,440,502 lbf) average
31:Titan IV-B with 2 SRMU boosters
1023:Murtha, John P. (1992-10-06).
580:"Titan IV SRMU PQM-1 overview"
180:251.4 s (2.465 km/s)
169:285.6 s (2.801 km/s)
1:
1954:RD-0202 to 0206, 0208 to 0213
918:Chandler, John (1991-05-29).
433:SRMU nosecones and segments
2526:
235:Solid Rocket Motor Upgrade
2464:
2167:
1153:
24:
344:was concerned about the
336:In the wake of the 1986
1999:RD-250 to 252, 261, 262
999:"Titan IV Requirements"
504:- Castor 600 comparable
1065:www.spaceflightnow.com
696:(Report). 1992-09-02.
370:United States Congress
273:for the Space Shuttle
2475:are under development
1863:YF-20, 21, 22, 24, 25
1642:RD-107, 108, 117, 118
618:"ATK Product Catalog"
502:Castor (rocket stage)
508:Graphite-Epoxy Motor
358:dinitrogen tetroxide
299:ammonium perchlorate
78:Solid rocket booster
1964:RD-0216, 0217, 0235
1627:RD-0107, 0108, 0110
767:10.2514/6.1997-2957
732:10.2514/6.1998-3194
670:10.2514/6.1997-2991
592:10.2514/6.1992-3819
546:1995JSpRo..32..612C
346:United Technologies
271:filament-wound case
69:Alliant Techsystems
21:
2495:Solid-fuel rockets
1089:spaceflightnow.com
791:The New York Times
239:solid rocket motor
2482:
2481:
2424:Space Shuttle SRB
2165:
2164:
2103:
2102:
1793:
1792:
1515:
1514:
924:Los Angeles Times
785:Ap (1987-10-21).
352:boosters used on
231:
230:
211:34.26 m (1349 in)
37:Country of origin
2517:
2173:
2172:
2009:RD-263, 268, 273
1940:along other LREs
1802:
1662:RD-191, 151, 181
1526:
1184:
1175:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1029:www.congress.gov
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
995:
984:
983:
981:
980:
965:
959:
958:
956:
955:
940:
934:
933:
931:
930:
915:
909:
908:
906:
905:
890:
884:
883:
881:
880:
865:
859:
858:
856:
855:
840:
834:
833:
831:
830:
815:
809:
808:
806:
805:
782:
776:
775:
774:
773:
750:
741:
740:
739:
738:
715:
702:
701:
690:
679:
678:
677:
676:
653:
644:
643:
641:
639:
634:on July 30, 2018
633:
627:. Archived from
622:
614:
601:
600:
599:
598:
575:
566:
565:
525:
478:
466:
454:
442:
430:
418:
406:
394:
303:thrust-vectoring
194:Thrust vectoring
175:Specific impulse
164:Specific impulse
102:Solid-fuel motor
47:
45:
44:
29:
22:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2460:
2181:
2174:
2170:
2161:
2099:
1989:RD-0255 to 0257
1984:RD-0243 to 0245
1846:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1813:
1789:
1530:
1521:
1511:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1194:
1188:
1169:
1162:
1149:
1147:launch vehicles
1133:
1103:
1102:
1093:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1069:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1006:
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996:
987:
978:
976:
967:
966:
962:
953:
951:
942:
941:
937:
928:
926:
917:
916:
912:
903:
901:
892:
891:
887:
878:
876:
867:
866:
862:
853:
851:
842:
841:
837:
828:
826:
817:
816:
812:
803:
801:
784:
783:
779:
771:
769:
752:
751:
744:
736:
734:
717:
716:
705:
692:
691:
682:
674:
672:
655:
654:
647:
637:
635:
631:
620:
616:
615:
604:
596:
594:
577:
576:
569:
554:10.2514/3.26661
527:
526:
522:
517:
493:
486:
479:
470:
467:
458:
457:SRMU on display
455:
446:
443:
434:
431:
422:
419:
410:
407:
398:
395:
386:
362:Martin Marietta
334:
283:
42:
40:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2523:
2521:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2487:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:United States
2383:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2186:
2184:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:United States
2137:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:United States
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1833:
1829:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1748:LR70-NA , S-3D
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1714:United States
1712:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1664:
1659:
1654:
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1644:
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1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1601:
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1599:
1589:
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1573:
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1542:
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1517:
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1513:
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1508:
1507:
1500:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1450:
1444:United States
1442:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1384:
1382:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1324:United States
1322:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1192:
1181:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1136:Rocket engines
1134:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1076:
1052:
1040:
1015:
985:
960:
935:
910:
885:
860:
835:
810:
777:
742:
703:
680:
645:
602:
567:
540:(4): 612–618.
519:
518:
516:
513:
512:
511:
505:
499:
492:
489:
488:
487:
480:
473:
471:
468:
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413:
411:
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401:
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389:
385:
382:
333:
330:
287:graphite fibre
282:
279:
261:and burning a
229:
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66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2522:
2511:
2510:Hercules Inc.
2508:
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2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:RD-211 to 214
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
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2112:
2110:
2106:
2093:
2090:
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2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:RD-215 to 219
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:RD-0233, 0234
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:RD-0207, 0214
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1938:Paektusan LRE
1936:
1935:
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1929:
1926:
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1622:RD-0105, 0109
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1309:
1307:
1306:KVD-1 (RD-56)
1304:
1303:
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1297:
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689:
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685:
681:
671:
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663:
659:
652:
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630:
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619:
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611:
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607:
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589:
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581:
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572:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
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531:
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514:
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405:
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393:
388:
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377:
373:
371:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
331:
329:
327:
323:
322:fuel geometry
318:
316:
312:
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
280:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
237:(SRMU) was a
236:
226:
222:
219:3.2m (126 in)
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
176:
172:
168:
165:
161:
157:
155:
150:
146:
142:
137:
133:
129:
126:Configuration
124:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
49:United States
39:
35:
28:
23:
2472:
2443:
2013:
1934:North Korea
1705:
1698:
1666:
1594:
1582:
1575:
1553:
1502:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1334:
1327:
1315:
1293:
1236:
1229:
1140:solid motors
1092:. Retrieved
1088:
1079:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:
1055:
1043:
1032:. Retrieved
1028:
1018:
1007:. Retrieved
1005:. 1994-04-21
1002:
977:. Retrieved
975:. 1991-04-10
973:Deseret News
972:
963:
952:. Retrieved
950:. 1990-09-14
948:Deseret News
947:
938:
927:. Retrieved
923:
913:
902:. Retrieved
900:. 1990-01-21
898:Deseret News
897:
888:
877:. Retrieved
875:. 1988-10-16
873:Deseret News
872:
863:
852:. Retrieved
850:. 1989-12-07
848:Deseret News
847:
838:
827:. Retrieved
825:. 1992-02-08
823:Deseret News
822:
813:
802:. Retrieved
790:
780:
770:, retrieved
758:
735:, retrieved
723:
673:, retrieved
661:
636:. Retrieved
629:the original
624:
595:, retrieved
583:
537:
533:
523:
378:
374:
366:
342:US Air Force
335:
319:
308:
284:
234:
232:
131:Nozzle ratio
65:Manufacturer
2500:Orbital ATK
2471:Engines in
2118:RD-109, 119
2056:RD-864, 869
2041:RD-854, 861
2004:RD-253, 275
1652:RD-170, 171
332:Development
293:rubber and
177:, sea-level
139:Performance
83:Predecessor
75:Application
2489:Categories
1858:YF-1, 2, 3
1806:Hypergolic
1778:Rutherford
1497:Prometheus
1459:Archimedes
1094:2022-05-11
1070:2022-05-11
1034:2022-05-11
1009:2022-05-11
979:2022-05-11
954:2023-05-03
929:2022-05-10
904:2022-05-10
879:2022-05-11
854:2022-05-11
829:2022-05-11
804:2022-05-11
772:2022-05-10
737:2022-05-10
675:2022-05-11
597:2022-05-10
515:References
326:LR87-AJ-11
224:Empty mass
203:Dimensions
108:Propellant
2399:Castor 30
2279:Zefiro 40
2274:Zefiro 23
2215:SpaB-140C
1612:NK-33, 44
1522:cryogenic
1368:Methalox
1187:Hydrolox
1179:Cryogenic
799:0362-4331
562:0022-4650
198:6 degrees
185:Burn time
121:Composite
2414:Orbus-21
2269:Zefiro 9
2032:Ukraine
1810:Aerozine
1798:Storable
1690:Ukraine
1632:RD-0110R
1529:Kerolox
698:Archived
638:July 24,
491:See also
247:Hercules
243:Titan IV
216:Diameter
166:, vacuum
154:pressure
152:Chamber
59:Hercules
55:Designer
2473:italics
2434:Star 48
2429:Star 37
2409:Orbus-6
2330:Israel
2264:Waxwing
2220:Europe
2212:SpaB-65
2114:Russia
1979:RD-0237
1974:RD-0236
1945:Russia
1924:Israel
1884:Europe
1728:Kestrel
1674:S1.5400
1637:RD-0124
1603:Russia
1596:SCE-200
1492:Europe
1485:RD-0169
1480:Russia
1406:Longyun
1399:Lingyun
1317:RD-0146
1311:RD-0120
1302:Russia
1259:Vulcain
1245:Europe
1168:Liquid
1144:orbital
542:Bibcode
483:NROL-19
384:Gallery
348:-built
265:-bound
249:(later
96:Retired
2389:AJ-60A
2354:KM-V2b
2345:Japan
2319:Salman
2285:India
2259:Topaze
2224:Mage 1
2189:China
2180:Solid
2087:TR-201
2051:RD-856
2046:RD-855
2036:RD-843
2026:S5.98M
2015:RD-270
1909:India
1903:Viking
1893:Astris
1888:Aestus
1878:YF-50D
1854:China
1763:RS-27A
1753:Merlin
1743:LR-105
1707:RD-810
1700:RD-801
1684:TEPREL
1680:Spain
1668:RD-193
1657:RD-180
1647:RD-120
1591:India
1584:Welkin
1577:YF-130
1571:YF-115
1566:YF-102
1561:YF-100
1545:China
1473:Aeon R
1466:Aeon 1
1453:Raptor
1437:YF-215
1430:YF-209
1423:TQ-15A
1387:China
1280:Japan
1269:CE-7.5
1265:India
1220:YF-75D
1206:China
797:
560:
295:kevlar
281:Design
255:UA1207
208:Length
188:135.7s
144:Thrust
118:Casing
93:Status
87:UA1207
46:
2454:X-254
2449:X-248
2439:UA120
2419:Orion
2394:Algol
2379:SRB-A
2374:M-34c
2349:KM-V1
2339:RSA-3
2315:Iran
2208:FG-47
2203:FG-46
2198:FG-36
2193:FG-02
2154:XLR81
2148:RS-88
2143:Curie
2133:Gamma
2108:Other
2092:XLR81
2081:RS-88
2076:LR-91
2071:LR-87
2021:S5.92
1949:17D61
1918:Vikas
1898:Vexin
1873:YF-40
1868:YF-23
1841:, or
1821:, or
1815:UH 25
1783:XLR50
1768:RS-56
1758:RS-27
1738:LR-89
1733:LR-79
1617:RD-58
1607:NK-15
1555:TH-12
1549:TH-11
1520:Semi-
1417:TQ-12
1412:TQ-11
1392:BF-20
1357:RS-68
1352:RS-25
1329:BE-3U
1274:CE-20
1254:Vinci
1238:YF-90
1231:YF-79
1225:YF-77
1215:YF-75
1210:YF-73
632:(PDF)
621:(PDF)
354:Titan
350:UA120
233:The
2444:SRMU
2369:M-34
2364:M-24
2359:M-14
2334:LK-1
2324:Rafe
2309:S200
2304:S139
2254:P230
2249:P120
2182:fuel
2066:AJ10
1928:LK-4
1823:UDMH
1773:S-3D
1694:RD-8
1533:RP-1
1504:M-10
1448:BE-4
1347:RL10
1336:BE-7
1295:LE-9
1289:LE-7
1284:LE-5
1249:HM7B
1170:fuel
1142:for
1138:and
795:ISSN
640:2014
558:ISSN
311:RSRM
291:EPDM
134:15.7
112:HTPB
2404:GEM
2299:S12
2244:P80
2239:PAP
2234:P-6
2229:P-4
2129:UK
1913:PS4
1843:HNO
1839:MON
1819:MMH
1723:H-1
1718:F-1
1537:LOX
1379:LOX
1342:J-2
1198:LOX
763:doi
728:doi
666:doi
625:ATK
588:doi
550:doi
275:SRB
251:ATK
2491::
2294:S9
2289:S7
1837:,
1826:/
1817:,
1812:,
1535:/
1377:/
1372:CH
1196:/
1191:LH
1087:.
1063:.
1027:.
1001:.
988:^
971:.
946:.
922:.
896:.
871:.
846:.
821:.
793:.
789:.
757:,
745:^
722:,
706:^
683:^
660:,
648:^
623:.
605:^
582:,
570:^
556:.
548:.
538:32
536:.
532:.
315:DC
2156:*
2150:*
2094:*
2083:*
1848:)
1845:3
1834:4
1832:O
1830:2
1828:N
1808:(
1539:)
1531:(
1381:)
1374:4
1370:(
1200:)
1193:2
1189:(
1128:e
1121:t
1114:v
1097:.
1073:.
1037:.
1012:.
982:.
957:.
932:.
907:.
882:.
857:.
832:.
807:.
765::
730::
668::
642:.
590::
564:.
552::
544::
485:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
