Solution-focused brief therapy

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couple's home, where a therapist saw clients pro bono in the living room while the others observed, after which they would discuss their thoughts together in a bedroom. In 1978, when the administration disallowed the one-way mirrors, de Shazer and Berg put together a team of practitioners and students and founded the Brief Family Therapy Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to continue their work. The result was the eventual development of SFBT. BFTC served as a research center to study, develop, and test techniques of psychotherapy to find those that are most efficient and effective with clients. Besides mental health professionals, the team included educators, sociologists, linguists, engineers and philosophers. Steve de Shazer, the director of BFTC, referred to this group as a "therapeutic think tank". Over time people began to request training, so BFTC became a research and training center.

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the symptoms are assessed to diagnose and treat the malady. Outside of SFBT, the almost universal belief is that the clinician must define and understand the problem to help. To do this, the practitioner must develop some information about the nature of problems that they will help resolve and ask questions about the client's symptoms. The more common problem-solving approach includes a description of the problem, an assessment of the problem, and plan and execute interventions to resolve or mitigate the impact of the problem. This is followed by an evaluation determining the success of the

252:, practitioners assumed that it was necessary to make an extensive analysis of the history and cause of their clients' problems before attempting to develop any sort of solution. Solution-focused therapists see the therapeutic change process radically differently and informed by the observations of de Shazer, which recognize that although "causes of problems may be extremely complex, their solutions do not necessarily need to be". 286: 36: 437:

may only use components of SFBT instead of adhering to pure SFBT, often due to the difficulty in transitioning from a problem-focused stance. Conversely, new SFBT trainees may struggle with being overly optimistic and not genuinely validating clients' pain. This may be because concentrating on newly learned SFBT skills and techniques takes focus away from being present with the client.

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serve to shift the client away from the solution. This is because SFBT fundamentally believes that the nature of the solution can be completely different from the problem. So instead, SFBT focuses on building solutions by conceptualizing a preferred future with clients. SFBT is all about finding alternatives to the problem, not identifying and eliminating the problem.

248:; Berg, de Shazer and their team spent thousands of hours carefully observing live and recorded therapy sessions. Any behaviors or words on the part of the therapist that reliably led to positive therapeutic change on the part of the clients were painstakingly noted and incorporated into the SFBT approach. In most traditional psychotherapeutic approaches starting with 363:

The team was at a loss as to what to suggest the family try to do differently. They suggested that the family come back with a list of things they want to continue to happen. The effectiveness of this spontaneous intervention led to the understanding that the solution is not necessarily related to the problem. This was the beginning of solution-focused brief therapy.

468:(NREPP). The conclusion of the two meta-analyses and the systematic reviews, and the overall conclusion of the most recent scholarly work on SFBT, is that solution-focused brief therapy is an effective approach to the treatment of psychological problems, with effect sizes similar to other evidenced-based approaches, such as 485:

is that SFBT provides interventions that are perfectly matched with the clients' way of understanding and acting. Techniques such as the miracle question can be adapted to make them more culturally relevant and come across in ways more empathetic and supportive based on the culture and needs of the population being served.

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report in a qualitative study that SFBT training and supervision was helpful for them to work in a more cooperative and strength-based way and improved the overall mood and atmosphere of their encounters. There are models designed for child protection services that incorporate aspects of SFBT because

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Therapists also ask questions that focus on previous solutions or "exceptions" to the problem. In SFBT, exceptions are times when the problem is less severe or better managed. Identifying exceptions helps build solutions by highlighting what is working in clients' lives. By discovering and amplifying

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Zhang, Anao; Ji, QingYing; Currin-McCulloch, Jennifer; Solomon, Phyllis; Chen, YuTing; Li, Yaxi; Jones, Barbara; Franklin, Cynthia; Nowicki, Jack (2018-08-01). "The effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy for psychological distress among Chinese parents of children with a cancer diagnosis: a

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SFBT is very adaptable to many settings because it helps the clients create custom-made interventions for themselves, and the client is always considered to be the expert. Even the practitioner's language is taken from the words the client uses to describe their life and preferred future. The result

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Authentic SFBT practice demands that therapists remain highly attuned to clients' verbal and non-verbal communication, adapting their questions to better understand and engage with the client's perspective. By doing so, SFBT practitioners can effectively facilitate client movement toward their goals

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SFBT sessions are highly structured, following a specific format and employing formulated interviewing techniques. However, adhering to the underlying philosophy of SFBT is considered more important than strictly following the techniques. Central to SFBT is the belief that clients are the experts in

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SFBT practitioners use tools such as starting sessions with the question "What's been better since we last talked?" to help clients identify exceptions. Scaling questions are another tool, using a scale to measure clients' progress toward their goals. Clients are asked to provide details about times

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In 1982 there was the watershed moment where the founders of SFBT, Berg, de Shazer, and their team transformed their brief therapy practice to become solution-focused. A family came to be treated at the Milwaukee Brief Family Therapy. During the assessment, the family provided a list of 27 problems.

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SFBT is designed to help people change their lives in the fastest way possible. By finding and amplifying exceptions, change is efficient and effective. Treatment usually lasts less than six sessions, and it can work in about two sessions. Its brevity and its flexibility have made SFBT the choice of

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SFBT posits that a therapist can help clients resolve their problems without identifying the details or source problem and completely avoids exploring the details and context of the problem. SFBT believes that an assessment of the problem is entirely unnecessary. Focusing on the problem actually may

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SFBT might be best defined by what it does not do because SFBT presents an innovative and radically different approach from traditional psychotherapy. Traditional psychotherapy looks at how problems happen, manifest, and resolve. The problem-solving approach is influenced by the medical model, where

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In SFBT, practitioners employ conversational skills to facilitate a discussion focused on solutions, as opposed to dwelling on problems. The questions themselves serve as the intervention, directing clients toward a mindset that fosters positive change and reduces negative emotions. These questions

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technique that helps clients "build solutions." Elliott Connie defines solution building as "a collaborative language process between the client(s) and the therapist that develops a detailed description of the client(s)' preferred future/goals and identifies exceptions and past successes". By doing

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SFBT works in treating people who experienced trauma. It has been suggested to use with patients that are suicidal or in crisis, families coping with suicide, and patients with eating disorders substance use disorders, and obesity. It was also suggested as a promising intervention for individuals

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In authentic SFBT practice, resistance is rarely encountered. Maintaining a curious and not-knowing stance is vital for effective SFBT. Despite its apparent simplicity, SFBT is difficult to master. It requires disciplined practice, which can be challenging for many practitioners. As a result, some

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The primary tools of the solution-focused approach are questions and compliments. SFBT therapists refrain from making interpretations and rarely confront clients. Instead, they concentrate on identifying clients' goals and developing a detailed description of life when the goal is reached, and the

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In the 1970s, de Shazer, Berg and colleagues conducted Brief Family Therapy at Family Service of Milwaukee, a community agency, and installed one-way mirrors to observe sessions with clients to study which activities were most beneficial for the clients. The group of therapists used to meet in the

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SFBT is effective in treating clients with depression. It has been shown to be effective in helping increase self-esteem, hope, good behavior, and social competence among adolescents and children. It has been suggested that SFBT's ability to engender hope is what makes it effective for patients

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When seeking exceptions, the practitioner does not attempt to convince the client of their significance. Instead, the therapist adopts a genuinely curious stance and asks the client to explain the exception's importance. Therapists must maintain a not-knowing stance, which can be challenging for

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SFBT works well with children and families and can be applied to many family-related situations. It is effective with adolescents, pregnant and postpartum women, couples, and parents. SFBT was shown to be effective for families in the child welfare system, with case management in social welfare

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SFBT has its roots in brief family therapy, a type of family therapy practiced at the Mental Research Institute (MRI). In the 1970s, de Shazer, the primary creator of SFBT, studied the work done at MRI and founded BFTC to serve as "the MRI of the Midwest". John Weakland at MRI influenced him to

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One way to understand SFBT is through the acronym MECSTAT, which stands for Miracle questions, Exception questions, Coping questions, Scaling questions, Time-out, Accolades, and Task . SFBT questions prompt clients to discuss their preferred future and describe what would be different when the

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Solution-focused brief therapy is one of a family of approaches, known as systems therapies, that have been developed over the past 50 years or so, first in the US, and eventually evolving around the world, including Europe. The title SFBT, and the specific steps involved in its practice, are

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and others. SFBT gained tremendous popularity in the UK in the late 1990s and the 2000s. At that time, it also spread worldwide to be a leading brief therapy, with many agencies adopting SFBT as their only modality. It is now one of the most popular psychotherapeutic modalities globally.

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SFBT has been applied to many settings, including education and business settings including coaching. and counselling. It is effective in schools and with college students. It was successfully used with populations in jails, inpatient addiction rehab centers, inpatient

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Greene, G. J., & Lee, M.-Y. (2015). How to work with clients' strengths in crisis intervention: A solution-focused approach. In K. R. Yeager & A. R. Roberts (Eds.), Crisis intervention handbook: Assessment, treatment, and research (p. 69–98). Oxford University

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Zhang, Anao; Franklin, Cynthia; Currin-McCulloch, Jennifer; Park, Sunyoung; Kim, Johnny (2018-04-01). "The effectiveness of strength-based, solution-focused brief therapy in medical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".

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SFBT is strengths-based and supports clients' self-determination. Using the client's language, SFBT uses the client's perspective and fosters cooperation. The focus on the strengths and resources of clients is a factor in why some social workers choose SFBT.

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Franklin, Cynthia; Guz, Samantha; Zhang, Anao; Kim, Johnny; Zheng, Haotian; Hai, Audrey Hang; Cho, Yong Ju; Shen, Li (2020-10-14). "Solution-focused brief therapy for students in schools: A comparative meta-analysis of the English and Chinese literature".

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SFBT practice began to be popularized starting in the late 1980s and experienced tremendous growth in its first 15–20 years. Their work in the early 1980s built on that of a number of other innovators, among them Milton Erickson and the group at the MRI –

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SFBT therapists believe personal change is constant. By helping clients identify positive directions for change and focusing on changes they wish to continue, SFBT therapists assist clients in constructing a concrete vision of a preferred future.

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Ramezani, Somayeh; Khosravi, Ahmad; Motaghi, Zahra; Hamidzadeh, Azam; Mousavi, Seyed Abbas (2017-03-15). "The effect of cognitive-behavioural and solution-focused counselling on prevention of postpartum depression in nulliparous pregnant women".

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problem is solved or managed. The "miracle question" is one such tool, asking clients to imagine that their problem was miraculously solved without their knowledge and to identify the first clues that would indicate the problem is resolved.

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Jalali, Farzad; Hashemi, SeyedehFatemeh; Kimiaei, SeyedAli; Hasani, Alireza; Jalali, Manijeh (2018-08-01). "The Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Couple Therapy on Marital Satisfaction Among Married Prisoners and Their Wives".

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Li, Yaxi; Solomon, Phyllis; Zhang, Anao; Franklin, Cynthia; Ji, Qingying; Chen, Yuting (2017-12-08). "Efficacy of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for Distress among Parents of Children with Congenital Heart Disease in China".

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problem is either resolved or managed satisfactorily. To devise effective solutions, they examine clients' life experiences for "exceptions," or moments when some aspect of their goal was already happening to some extent.

343:(BFTC) in Milwaukee, US. Core members of this team were Jim Derks, Elam Nunnally, Marilyn LaCourt, and Eve Lipchik as well as students Pat Bielke, Dave Pakenham, John Walter, Jane Peller, Elam Nunnally, Alex Molnar, and 4217:"ÇÖZÜM ODAKLI SOSYAL HİZMET MÜDAHALESİNİN ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN UMUTSUZLUK VE STRES DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ - THE EFFECT OF SOLUTION FOCUSED SOCIAL WORK INTERVENTION ON COLLEGE STUDENTS' HOPELESSNESS AND STRESS LEVELS" 236:

and Yvonne Dolan. Steve de Shazer and Berg, primary developers of the approach, co-authored an update of SFBT in 2007, shortly before their deaths. SFBT evolved from the Brief Therapy that was practiced at MRI.

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Sadri Demirchi E, Mohammadyari E, Jafari MS, Hosseinian S. The impact of solution- focused group counseling on the students’ academic motivation. Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health. 2020; 6(4): 23-34.

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Kayrouz, Rony; Hansen, S. (June 2020). "I don't believe in miracles: Using the ecological validity model to adapt the miracle question to match the client's cultural preferences and characteristics".

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Kayrouz, Rony; Hansen, S. (June 2020). "I don't believe in miracles: Using the ecological validity model to adapt the miracle question to match the client's cultural preferences and characteristics".

453:. In 2000 a review of SFBT research just showed preliminary evidence of the efficacy of SFBT. However, in 2010 the SFBT research grew to a level where the evidence was promising, and today several 5697:

Berg, Insoo Kim and S.deShazer: Making numbers talk: Language in therapy. In S. Friedman (Ed.), "The new language of change: Constructive collaboration in psychotherapy." New York:Guilford, 1993.

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intervention for many health care settings. Interventions in a medical setting many times need to be brief. Agencies also choose SFBT because its efficiency translates into monetary savings.

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show SFBT to be effective with internalizing issues. SFBT has a robust, broad, and growing evidence base and is recommended for use when deemed a good fit for the client and their problem.

461: 228:(MRI) in Palo Alto, California. The initial group included married partners, Steve de Shazer and Insoo Berg, and Jim Derks, Elam Nunnally, Judith Tietyen, Don Norman, Marilyn La Court and 5880:

Simon, Joel K. & Nelson, Thorana S. (2007). Solution-focused brief practice with long-term clients in mental health services: "I'm more than my label". New York: Taylor & Francis.

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Karakaya Dudu; Özgür Gönül (2019-11-01). "Effect of a Solution-Focused Approach on Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem in Turkish Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder".

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Liaqat, H., & Saleem, A. (2021). Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Single Case Study. NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(2), 248–259.

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Kim, J. S., & Franklin, C. (2015). Understanding emotional change in solution-focused brief therapy: Facilitating positive emotions. Best Practices in Mental Health, 11(1), 25–41.

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Lutz, A. B. (2014). Learning solution-focused therapy: An illustrated guide. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Press. (Includes over 30 companion videos demonstrating the approach)

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with a brain injury and was helpful with those with intellectual disabilities. It has even been documented to have been successfully used with a patient in a psychotic crisis.

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SFBT is effective with people in many countries and cultures, including people from Turkey, Chile, Iran, and China. A systematic review showed it to be effective with Latinos.

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Finlayson, Benjamin T.; Hall, Gregory N.; Jordan, Sara Smock (2020). "Integrating Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for Systemic Posttraumatic Stress Prevention in Paediatrics".

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González Suitt, Karla; Geraldo, Pablo; Estay, Marlene; Franklin, Cynthia (2019-01-01). "Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorders in Chile".

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philosophy, SFBT focuses on addressing what clients want to achieve without exploring the history and provenance of problem(s). SF therapy sessions typically focus on the

5538:"Prevalence and associated positive psychological variables of anxiety and depression among patients with central nervous system tumors in China: a cross-sectional study" 5650:

Medina, Antonio; Beyebach, Mark (2014). "How Do Child Protection Workers and Teams Change During Solution-Focused Supervision and Training? A Brief Qualitative Report".

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Schmit, Erika L.; Schmit, Michael K.; Lenz, A. Stephen (2016-06-01). "Meta-Analysis of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for Treating Symptoms of Internalizing Disorders".

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Schmit, Erika L.; Schmit, Michael K.; Lenz, A. Stephen (2016-06-01). "Meta-Analysis of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for Treating Symptoms of Internalizing Disorders".

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Norman, H., McKergow, M., & Clarke, J. (1996). Paradox is a muddle - an interview with Steve de Shazer. The Centre for Solutions Focus at Work, Rapport 34, 41–49.

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Kondrat, David C; Teater, Barbra (2012-01-01). "Solution-focused therapy in an Emergency Room setting: Increasing hope in persons presenting with suicidal ideation".

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Ng, Kok-Mun; Parikh, Sejal; Guo, Lan (2012-09-01). "Integrative Solution-Focused Brief Therapy with a Chinese Female College Student Dealing with Relationship Loss".

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Kim, Johnny S.; Franklin, Cynthia; Zhang, Yingping; Liu, Xuanwen; Qu, Yuanzhou; Chen, Hong (2015-07-03). "Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in China: A Meta-Analysis".

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Franklin, Cynthia; Zhang, Anao; Froerer, Adam; Johnson, Shannon (2017). "Solution Focused Brief Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary of Process Research".

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Franklin, Cynthia; Zhang, Anao; Froerer, Adam; Johnson, Shannon (2017). "Solution Focused Brief Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary of Process Research".

303: 53: 4939:فرنام, علی; اکبری زاده, اعظم; عرفانی, مژگان (January 2019). "اثربخشی درمان کوتاه مدت راه حل محور (SFBT) بر تصویر بدن، خودکارآمدی و بهزیستی در زنان مبتلا به چاقی". 3315:

Steinbrecher, Elijah; Jordan, Sara Smock; Turns, Brie (2021-03-15). "Providing Immediate Hope to Survivors of Natural Disasters: A Miracle Question Intervention".

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Kim, Johnny S.; Brook, Jody; Akin, Becci A. (2018-05-01). "Solution-Focused Brief Therapy With Substance-Using Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study".

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Abusaidi E, Zahrakar K, Mohsenzadeh F. Effect of solution-focused brief couple therapy in improvement of communication patterns and marital intimacy in women

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Kim, Johnny; Jordan, Sara Smock; Franklin, Cynthia; Froerer, Adam (2019-04-01). "Is Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Evidence-Based? An Update 10 Years Later".

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their lives and possess the knowledge necessary to achieve their goals. Therapists are considered experts in asking questions that evoke the change process.

220:. A private training and therapy institute, BFTC was started by dissatisfied former staff members from a Milwaukee agency who were interested in exploring 5678: 5104: 4265: 3360:"The outcome of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy among foster care adolescents: The changes of behavior and perceived somatic and cognitive difficulties" 2772:

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Kim, Johnny S.; Smock, Sara; Trepper, Terry S.; McCollum, Eric E.; Franklin, Cynthia (July 2010). "Is Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Evidence-Based?".

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Choi, Jung J. (2019-08-08). "A Microanalytic Case Study of the Utilization of 'Solution-Focused Problem Talk' in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy".

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SFBT has been examined in two meta-analyses and is supported as evidenced-based by numerous federal and state agencies and institutions, such as

6775: 4601:"Implementing solution-focused brief therapy to facilitate hope and subjective well-being among South African trauma survivors: A case study" 3707: 2634: 2037: 1667: 1592: 1559: 901: 636: 100: 72: 5593:

Espinoza, Macarena; Molinari, Guadalupe; Etchemendy, Ernestina; Herrero, Rocío; Botella, Cristina; Baños Rivera, Rosa María (2017-06-01).

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Aminnasab, Angham; Mohammadi, Samaneh; Zareinezhad, Maryam; Chatrrouz, Tania; Mirghafari, Seyedeh Bita; Rahmani, Soheila (October 2018).

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Suitt, Karla González; Franklin, Cynthia; Kim, Johnny (2016-01-02). "Solution-Focused Brief Therapy With Latinos: A Systematic Review".

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help clients reinterpret their experiences, enabling them to recognize potential for change where they might not have seen it before.

79: 5023:"Effectiveness of Solution- Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) on Reducing Depression and Increasing Marital Satisfaction in Married Women" 6065: 6038: 6033: 5772: 5536:

Bao, Yijun; Li, Lizhuo; Guan, Yanlei; Wang, Wei; Liu, Yan; Wang, Pengfei; Huang, Xiaolong; Tao, Shanwei; Wang, Yunjie (2016-04-13).

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Archuleta, Kristy; Burr, Emily; Carlson, Mary Bell; Ingram, Jurdene; Kruger, Laura Irwin; Grable, John; Ford, Megan (2015-07-27).

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O'Hanlon, Bill and M. Weiner-Davis: "In Search of Solutions: A New Direction in Psychotherapy." WW Norton & CO. New York 1989

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497:, and in a wide range of medical settings. It has been helpful with treating family members of patients with serious illnesses. 86: 6785: 6729: 2917: 1974: 6285: 6806: 5230:"Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for Depression Among Adolescents and Young Adults Diagnosed With Cancer: An Open Pilot Trial" 1005: 690: 669: 307: 57: 2529:

Nelson, Thorana S; Thomas, Frank N (2007). "Assumptions and practices within the solution-focused brief therapy tradition".

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Stalker, Carol A.; Levene, Judith E.; Coady, Nick F. (1999-10-01). "Solution-Focused Brief Therapy — One Model Fits All?".

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SFBT alone is thought to be insufficient for child protective services because a more authoritative approach is necessary.

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Simon, Joel K. (2009). Solution focused practice in end-of-life and grief counseling. New York: Springer Publication.

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The Implementation of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) with At-Risk Youth in an Alternative School Environment

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attributed to husband and wife Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg, two American social workers, and their team at

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Trepper, Terry S., Eric E. McCollum, Peter De Jong, Harry Korman, Wallace Gingerich, and Cynthia Franklin. 2010.

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Kim, Johnny S. (2008-03-01). "Examining the Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: A Meta-Analysis".

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476:, but that these effects are found in fewer average sessions, and using an approach style that is more benign. 5448:

Arnau, Randolph C.; Rosen, David H.; Finch, John F.; Rhudy, Jamie L.; Fortunato, Vincent J. (February 2007).

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Castro, Sahily De; Guterman, Jeffrey T. (2008). "Solution-Focused Therapy for Families Coping with Suicide".

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Timberlake, Elizabeth M; Farber, Michaela Zajicek; Sabatino, Christine Anlauf; Mcmahon, Maria O'neil (2002).

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Solution-Focused Family Weekends in an Addictions Treatment Facility: An Action Treatment-and-Research Study

3233:"News of Difference: Understanding, Highlighting, and Building Exceptions in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy" 2432:"News of Difference: Understanding, Highlighting, and Building Exceptions in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy" 530: 508:

suffering from depression as the presence of hope is shown to have an inverse relationship with depression.

296: 93: 46: 1372: 6719: 6320: 6199: 6189: 6166: 5942: 5402: 5345:"The Effect of Solution-focused Brief Group Counseling upon the Perceived Social Competences of Teenagers" 4029: 3359: 2557:

Beyond technique in solution-focused therapy : working with emotions and the therapeutic relationship

1619: 540: 372: 3546: 6421: 6270: 6224: 6077: 5993: 5137: 1788:"Solution-Focused Approaches in the Context of People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Critical Review" 160: 5778:

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develop simple techniques in brief goal-focused therapy, and at MRI he was introduced to the work of

344: 233: 5499:"Hope versus optimism in Singaporean adolescents: Contributions to depression and life satisfaction" 4532:"Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) on Reducing Symptoms of Depression in Women" 683:

Beyond Technique in Solution-focused Therapy: Working with Emotions and the Therapeutic Relationship

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Baratian, Amin; Salimi, Arman; Moghim, Farideh; Shakarami, Mohammad; Davarniya, Reza (2016-10-10).

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Franklin, Cynthia; Trepper, Terry S.; McCollum, Eric E.; Gingerich, Wallace J., eds. (2011-08-25).

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Single Session Therapy; maximizing the effect of the first (and often only) therapeutic encounter.

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minor exceptions to the problem, therapists encourage clients to do more of what already works.

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of clients' responses to a series of precisely constructed

4311:

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Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work

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programs, financial counseling, and with therapy groups.

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so, SFBT focuses on clients' strengths and resilience.

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and accurate understanding of the client's concerns.

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Erickson 6395:Emotion regulation 6375:Autogenic training 6266:Clinical pluralism 6195:Multimodal therapy 5994:Analytical therapy 5780:The Family Journal 5740:de Shazer, Steve: 4984:10.3233/NRE-192967 4617:10.1002/capr.12416 4367:10.1093/hsw/hlx045 3508:10.1002/ijop.12773 3294:10.1037/pro0000283 3027:10.1111/jcpp.12058 2876:10.1111/jmft.12193 2833:10.1111/jcpp.12058 2505:10.1037/pro0000283 1936:10.1111/jmft.12193 178:, focusing on the 6794: 6793: 6720:William R. Miller 6705:Marsha M. Linehan 6675:Jean Baker Miller 6635:Salvador Minuchin 6515:Ludwig Binswanger 6468: 6467: 6303:Behaviour therapy 6230:Online counseling 6208: 6207: 6147:Narrative therapy 6051:Cognitive therapy 5904:W.W. Norton 2001. 5708:Psychotherapy.net 5703:Berg, Insoo Kim; 3754:(10): 3023–3037. 3709:978-1-315-30830-2 2636:978-0-7890-2394-0 2272:10.1093/sw/swu058 2039:978-0-7890-3397-0 1669:978-0-19-538572-4 1594:978-0-19-538572-4 1561:978-0-19-538572-4 1337:10.1002/anzf.1410 961:10.1093/sw/swu058 903:978-0-19-538572-4 638:978-0-7890-3397-0 536:Narrative therapy 391:, Richard Fisch, 336: 335: 328: 149:psychotherapeutic 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 6814: 6710:Vittorio Guidano 6680:Otto F. Kernberg 6550:Donald Winnicott 6407:Free association 6352:Exposure therapy 6331:Stimulus control 6311:Aversion therapy 6299: 6162:Systemic therapy 6137:Feminist therapy 5989:Adlerian therapy 5977: 5959: 5952: 5945: 5936: 5833: 5820: 5803: 5730:Denborough, D.; 5686: 5685: 5683: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5622: 5590: 5584: 5583: 5557: 5555:10.1002/pon.4128 5533: 5527: 5526: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5469: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5364: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5257: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5208: 5190: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5141: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5124: 5100: 5094: 5093: 5083: 5059: 5053: 5052: 5042: 5018: 5012: 5011: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4787: 4781: 4777: 4771: 4770: 4752: 4720: 4709: 4708: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4669: 4645: 4639: 4638: 4628: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4553: 4544: 4543: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4405:(8): 2901–2910. 4393: 4387: 4386: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4236: 4212: 4203: 4202: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4149: 4147:20.500.12154/619 4117: 4108: 4107: 4089: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4025: 4019: 4016: 4010: 4009: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3950: 3944: 3937: 3931: 3924: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3914: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3883: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3797: 3788: 3787: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3729: 3721: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3652: 3646: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3440: 3431: 3430: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3252: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3176: 3166: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3099: 3090: 3089: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3006: 3000: 2999: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2922: 2913: 2904: 2903: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2769: 2760: 2759: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2672: 2663: 2662: 2656: 2648: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2526: 2517: 2516: 2488: 2482: 2479: 2470: 2469: 2451: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2375: 2365: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2179: 2173: 2172: 2154: 2145: 2144: 2104: 2087: 2086: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2025: 2014: 2013: 1979: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1876: 1867: 1866: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1783: 1774: 1773: 1763: 1739: 1733: 1732: 1716: 1707: 1706: 1680: 1674: 1673: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1622: 1616: 1607: 1606: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1547: 1538: 1537: 1492: 1483: 1482: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1368: 1357: 1356: 1320: 1307: 1306: 1270: 1255: 1254: 1218: 1205: 1204: 1168: 1157: 1156: 1124: 1115: 1114: 1096: 1090: 1089: 1071: 1056: 1055: 1023: 1012: 1011: 987: 981: 980: 940: 925: 922: 916: 915: 889: 878: 877: 837: 828: 827: 805: 790: 789: 749: 726: 725: 703: 697: 696: 678: 672: 662: 643: 642: 624: 605: 604: 586: 575: 574: 556: 331: 324: 320: 317: 311: 288: 280: 133:Solution-focused 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 6822: 6821: 6817: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6812: 6811: 6797: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6744: 6725:Steven C. Hayes 6655:Paul Watzlawick 6640:Paul Watzlawick 6595:Virginia Axline 6505:Sándor Ferenczi 6464: 6445:Couples therapy 6426: 6400:Affect labeling 6363: 6348:Desensitization 6290: 6276:Discontinuation 6249: 6204: 6176: 6157:Reality therapy 6115: 6101:Gestalt therapy 6072: 6020: 6013: 5968: 5963: 5911: 5863:O’Connell, B.; 5823: 5806: 5777: 5751:BT Press, 1990. 5694: 5692:Further reading 5689: 5681: 5676: 5675: 5671: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5592: 5591: 5587: 5542:Psycho-Oncology 5535: 5534: 5530: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5400: 5399: 5395: 5383: 5382: 5378: 5342: 5341: 5337: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5227: 5226: 5222: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5155: 5151: 5134: 5128: 5126: 5103:Habibi (2016). 5102: 5101: 5097: 5061: 5060: 5056: 5020: 5019: 5015: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4852: 4851: 4847: 4839: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4774: 4722: 4721: 4712: 4705: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4598: 4597: 4593: 4555: 4554: 4547: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4395: 4394: 4390: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4273: 4271: 4264:Black, Taylor. 4263: 4262: 4258: 4214: 4213: 4206: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4119: 4118: 4111: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4027: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4013: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3952: 3951: 3947: 3938: 3934: 3925: 3921: 3912: 3910: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3838: 3837: 3833: 3799: 3798: 3791: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3722: 3710: 3697: 3696: 3692: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3640: 3636: 3589: 3588: 3584: 3569: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3442: 3441: 3434: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3218: 3203: 3202: 3198: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3101: 3100: 3093: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3008: 3007: 3003: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2920: 2915: 2914: 2907: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2771: 2770: 2763: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2674: 2673: 2666: 2649: 2637: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2603: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2568: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2541: 2528: 2527: 2520: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2473: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2417: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2241: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2169: 2156: 2155: 2148: 2106: 2105: 2090: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2040: 2027: 2026: 2017: 1977: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1878: 1877: 1870: 1832: 1831: 1827: 1785: 1784: 1777: 1741: 1740: 1736: 1718: 1717: 1710: 1695: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1670: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1634: 1625: 1617: 1610: 1595: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1562: 1549: 1548: 1541: 1494: 1493: 1486: 1471:10.1002/cpp.458 1456: 1455: 1451: 1436:10.1002/cpp.458 1417: 1416: 1412: 1370: 1369: 1360: 1322: 1321: 1310: 1272: 1271: 1258: 1220: 1219: 1208: 1170: 1169: 1160: 1145:10.1002/cpp.329 1126: 1125: 1118: 1111: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1086: 1073: 1072: 1059: 1025: 1024: 1015: 1008: 989: 988: 984: 942: 941: 928: 923: 919: 904: 891: 890: 881: 839: 838: 831: 824: 807: 806: 793: 751: 750: 729: 722: 705: 704: 700: 693: 680: 679: 675: 663: 646: 639: 626: 625: 608: 601: 588: 587: 578: 571: 570:978-0880-483834 558: 557: 553: 549: 522: 482: 447: 402: 377:Paul Watzlawick 369:Gregory Bateson 357:Milton Erickson 332: 321: 315: 312: 301: 289: 278: 210:Steve de Shazer 206: 168:Wittgensteinian 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6820: 6818: 6810: 6809: 6799: 6798: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6745: 6743: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6695:Arnold Lazarus 6692: 6690:Irvin D. Yalom 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6665:Eugene Gendlin 6662: 6657: 6652: 6650:Ogden Lindsley 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6625:Virginia Satir 6622: 6617: 6615:James Bugental 6612: 6610:Silvano Arieti 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6480:Philippe Pinel 6476: 6474: 6470: 6469: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6450:Family therapy 6447: 6442: 6436: 6434: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6392: 6387: 6385:Clean language 6382: 6377: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6361: 6360: 6359: 6345: 6340: 6339: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6318: 6313: 6307: 6305: 6296: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6257: 6255: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6247: 6245:Support groups 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6216: 6214: 6210: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6186: 6184: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6123: 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4545: 4522: 4479: 4440: 4388: 4344: 4297: 4280: 4256: 4204: 4177:(3): 211–230. 4161: 4109: 4087:2027.42/167610 4078:10.1086/712169 4059: 4040:(4): 464–470. 4020: 4011: 3984: 3965:(2): 102–111. 3945: 3932: 3919: 3895: 3854: 3831: 3789: 3737: 3708: 3690: 3647: 3634: 3599:(2): 172–182. 3582: 3567: 3537: 3502:(6): 870–877. 3482: 3455:(2): 169–181. 3432: 3389: 3370:(6): 791–797. 3350: 3323:(2): 204–219. 3307: 3288:(3): 223–236. 3272: 3223: 3216: 3196: 3137: 3110:(2): 127–138. 3091: 3064:(2): 107–116. 3048: 3021:(7): 707–723. 3001: 2958: 2931:(3): 266–283. 2905: 2854: 2827:(7): 707–723. 2807: 2780:(3): 300–306. 2761: 2714: 2664: 2635: 2616: 2601: 2581: 2566: 2546: 2540:978-0789023957 2539: 2518: 2499:(3): 223–236. 2483: 2471: 2422: 2415: 2395: 2336: 2309:(2): 127–138. 2293: 2266:(2): 135–143. 2246: 2239: 2217: 2190:(2): 107–116. 2174: 2167: 2146: 2119:(2): 133–139. 2088: 2045: 2038: 2015: 1988:(3): 266–283. 1965: 1914: 1887:(3): 300–306. 1868: 1841:(4): 244–260. 1825: 1775: 1734: 1708: 1693: 1675: 1668: 1640: 1623: 1608: 1593: 1575: 1560: 1539: 1504:(2): 139–151. 1484: 1465:(5): 402–405. 1449: 1430:(5): 402–405. 1410: 1383:(4): 477–498. 1377:Family Process 1358: 1331:(2): 133–144. 1308: 1281:(5): 468–477. 1256: 1206: 1179:(3): 187–201. 1158: 1139:(2): 139–148. 1116: 1109: 1091: 1084: 1057: 1013: 1006: 982: 955:(2): 135–143. 926: 917: 902: 879: 829: 822: 791: 764:(2): 133–139. 727: 720: 698: 691: 673: 644: 637: 606: 599: 576: 569: 550: 548: 545: 544: 543: 538: 533: 528: 526:Family therapy 521: 518: 481: 478: 446: 443: 401: 398: 385:Virginia Satir 334: 333: 292: 290: 283: 277: 274: 214:Insoo Kim Berg 205: 202: 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6819: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6747: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6735:Jeffrey Young 6733: 6731: 6730:Michael White 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6715:Les Greenberg 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6600:Carl Whitaker 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6580:Viktor Frankl 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6565:Jacques Lacan 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6555:Wilhelm Reich 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6520:Melanie Klein 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6490:Sigmund Freud 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6471: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6433: 6429: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6366: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6337: 6336:Token economy 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6323: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6297: 6293: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6252: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6211: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6179: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6142:Music therapy 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6132:Dance therapy 6130: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6075: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6044: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6016: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5981:Psychodynamic 5978: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5966:Psychotherapy 5960: 5955: 5953: 5948: 5946: 5941: 5940: 5937: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5908: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5869: 5866: 5862: 5859: 5855: 5852: 5848: 5845: 5842: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5776: 5774: 5773:1-55620-267-9 5770: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5757: 5753: 5750: 5746: 5743: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5729: 5726: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5680: 5673: 5670: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5646: 5643: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5589: 5586: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5532: 5529: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5493: 5490: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5441: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5397: 5394: 5389: 5388: 5380: 5377: 5372: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5339: 5336: 5331: 5330:10.26021/9708 5327: 5323: 5322: 5314: 5311: 5305: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5281: 5278: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5224: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5153: 5150: 5145: 5139: 5123: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5099: 5096: 5091: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5058: 5055: 5050: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5017: 5014: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4962: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4935: 4932: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4892: 4889: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4849: 4846: 4838: 4837: 4829: 4826: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4786: 4783: 4776: 4773: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4711: 4706: 4704:9780190678784 4700: 4696: 4692: 4685: 4682: 4677: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4644: 4641: 4636: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4592: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4526: 4523: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4483: 4480: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4444: 4441: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4392: 4389: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4348: 4345: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4317:(10): 46–49. 4316: 4312: 4308: 4301: 4298: 4293: 4292: 4284: 4281: 4269: 4268: 4260: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4165: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4063: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4024: 4021: 4015: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3988: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3949: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3933: 3929: 3923: 3920: 3908: 3907: 3899: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3858: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3835: 3832: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3812:(2): 90–104. 3811: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3738: 3733: 3727: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3705: 3701: 3694: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3651: 3648: 3644: 3638: 3635: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3586: 3583: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3568:9780128179338 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3538: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3483: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3405:(11): 45–55. 3404: 3400: 3393: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3354: 3351: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3311: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3276: 3273: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3227: 3224: 3219: 3217:9781483351995 3213: 3209: 3208: 3200: 3197: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3141: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3052: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3005: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2959: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2919: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2858: 2855: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2811: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2718: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2620: 2617: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2602:0-393-70134-4 2598: 2594: 2593: 2585: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2567:1-57230-764-1 2563: 2559: 2558: 2550: 2547: 2542: 2536: 2532: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2487: 2484: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2426: 2423: 2418: 2416:9781483351995 2412: 2408: 2407: 2399: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2340: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2297: 2294: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2250: 2247: 2242: 2240:9780415606127 2236: 2232: 2228: 2221: 2218: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2178: 2175: 2170: 2168:9780495115885 2164: 2160: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2049: 2046: 2041: 2035: 2031: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1976: 1969: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1918: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1829: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1738: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1694:0-89862-138-0 1690: 1686: 1679: 1676: 1671: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1652: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1590: 1586: 1579: 1576: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1557: 1553: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1453: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1414: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1229:(1): 93–106. 1228: 1224: 1217: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1167: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1110:9780205298167 1106: 1102: 1095: 1092: 1087: 1085:9780495115885 1081: 1077: 1070: 1068: 1066: 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390: 386: 382: 381:John Weakland 378: 374: 370: 364: 360: 358: 352: 348: 346: 342: 330: 327: 319: 309: 305: 299: 298: 293:This section 291: 287: 282: 281: 275: 273: 269: 265: 261: 259: 253: 251: 247: 243: 238: 235: 231: 227: 223: 222:brief therapy 219: 215: 211: 203: 201: 198: 195: 194:goal-oriented 190: 188: 185: 184:communicating 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 162: 159:. Based upon 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 124: 121: 113: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: – 70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 6749:Associations 6740:Peter Fonagy 6685:Nathan Azrin 6660:Arthur Janov 6620:Joseph Wolpe 6605:Albert Ellis 6585:George Kelly 6570:Erik Erikson 6530:Karen Horney 6500:Alfred Adler 6495:Pierre Janet 6485:Josef Breuer 6417:Hypnotherapy 6152:Play therapy 5901: 5887: 5886:Talmon, M.; 5871: 5864: 5857: 5850: 5837: 5829: 5825: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5783: 5779: 5762: 5748: 5741: 5732: 5724: 5714: 5672: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5620:10234/161697 5602: 5598: 5588: 5545: 5541: 5531: 5506: 5502: 5492: 5460:(1): 43–64. 5457: 5453: 5443: 5410: 5406: 5396: 5386: 5379: 5355:(7): 28–36. 5352: 5348: 5338: 5320: 5313: 5297:(4): 57–65. 5294: 5290: 5280: 5237: 5233: 5223: 5181:(1): 87–89. 5178: 5174: 5164: 5152: 5138:cite journal 5127:. 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