365:
20:
352:
It is now widely disputed, not least because of the distance separating the cliffs of La Roche from the archaeological bone piles, of the order of a hundred meters. Knowledge of
Solutrean hunting weapons also invalidates this view. According to François Poplin, this legend would have endured through
192:
The postulation of the existence of two differentiated subspecies on the Solutré site follows the examination of bones recovered by Jean
Combier. Noting differences in morphology associated with different dates (suggesting several species or subspecies among these fossils), François Prat and Combier
326:
353:
the symbolic association between horse and elevation to higher ground, with a possible influence from the image of
Panurge's sheep. According to the Musée départemental de Préhistoire de Solutré, the horses were actually slaughtered at the foot of the rock.
109:. He estimated the average size of the horses at 1.36 m to 1.38 m, with a maximum of 1.45 m, an estimate confirmed the same year by hippologist André Sanson. Compared to domestic horses, Solutré horses have large heads. However, essential parts of the
113:, notably a complete skull, are missing for detailed study. According to André Sanson, this made it impossible at the time to determine what type of equid was involved. A new series of studies began when Jean Combier recovered the bones in the 1960s.
70:
and Equus caballus arcelini. From a scientific point of view, the Solutré horse is therefore not considered a distinct species, although it is still cited in popular literature as the ancestor of certain modern horse breeds, notably the
333:
The discovery of the bones at Solutré gave rise to a legend relayed by popular culture, according to which
Paleolithic hunters guided herds of horses to the summit of the Roche, then threw them off the cliffs to kill them.
258:, and, according to François Prat, has a different morphology, with more pronounced caballine characteristics in its teeth. Smaller and lighter than the latter, it averages 1.40 m in height, has broad
313:
Studies carried out by François Prat and then Jean-Luc
Guadelli around 1989 showed that another, smaller, potential subspecies was present in the Magdalenian levels at Solutré. It was named
51:
by Adrien
Arcelin and Henry Testot-Ferry in 1866, then studied by Professor Toussaint in 1874. This discovery gave rise to a popular legend about hunting in the abyss, according to which
105:, yielded a large number of horse remains, discovered by Adrien Arcelin and Henry Testot-Ferry in 1866. These bones were studied in 1874 by Professor Toussaint, in his
1311:
456:, which are derived from crosses with the latter) are still frequently cited as descendants of the Solutré horse, but there is no evidence that the horses from the
349:, it has been repeated dozens of times by authors, film-makers and artists, despite its impossibility, proven as early as the 1960s by the lay of the land.
62:
More recent research by Jean
Combier, François Prat and Jean-Luc Guadelli attributes the horse remains found at Solutré to subspecies descended from
1365:
1135:
1036:
964:
730:
711:
687:
668:
649:
630:
594:
575:
539:
520:
501:
802:
Eisenmann, Vera (1991). "Les chevaux quaternaires européens (mammalia - perrissodactyla). Taille, typologie, biostatigraphie et taxonomie".
440:, assuming in particular that the inhabitants of present-day Belgium obtained their horses from the Bassigny region in the early days of
121:
Several scientific theories have since been put forward concerning these horse remains, both in terms of how they died and their origin.
55:
hunters guided herds of wild horses up the rock to precipitate them into the void and kill them. In reality, these migrating horses were
1160:
1086:
1061:
1009:
1326:"Le Cheval du gisement Pléistocène moyen de La Micoque (Les Eyzies-de-Tayac, Dordogne) : Equus mosbachensis micoquii nov. ssp"
395:, which he described as "Solutrean in shape", and cited it as the earliest direct evidence of an ancestor of the Camargue horse.
361:
The "Solutré horse" is frequently cited in the genealogy of French horse breeds that are supposed to have it as an ancestor.
844:
924:
1393:
1102:
441:
154:
773:"Sur la présence d'Equus caballus gallicus dans les niveaux supérieurs de la station Amont de La Quina (Charente)"
1357:
Les Magdaléniens : art, civilisations, modes de vie, environnements : coll. « L'Homme des origines
870:
299:
254:
215:
63:
983:
La fabrication des mythes : Une approche ethno-historique du cheval camarguais : Thèse d'ethnologie
289:
267:
249:
244:
225:
205:
195:
67:
141:. André Sanson and Charles-Alexandre Piétrement invalidated this hypothesis, based on their knowledge of
1285:
Recherches sur les Équidés pléistocènes en France : Thèse de doctorat d'État ès
Sciences Naturelles
1177:
1398:
345:. It's a piece of fiction that has captured the popular imagination. Illustrated with a wealth of
338:
457:
230:
220:
210:
161:
102:
98:
88:
48:
1296:(in French). Bordeaux: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris. p. 6.
845:"Mythique Préhistoire : Exposition du Musée de Solutré, du 6 mars 2010 au 31 janvier 2011"
1361:
1245:
1220:
1156:
1082:
1057:
1032:
1005:
960:
772:
398:
This theory is still widely supported by a number of recent popularization works published in
1355:
1333:
1257:
1232:
784:
165:
981:
325:
1403:
1231:. Clermont-Ferrand: Bulletins de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, II° Série: 642–651.
437:
431:
407:
388:
382:
369:
181:
146:
72:
56:
1387:
453:
28:
436:
In 1874, André Sanson considered the Solutré horse to be the direct ancestor of the
410:
states that, following this logic, the Solutré horse lived 20,000 years ago in the
276:
157:. Professor Toussaint and the hippologist also disagree on the age of the horses.
1150:
1026:
954:
609:
956:
Le cheval en
Eurasie : pratiques quotidiennes et déploiements mythologiques
364:
346:
262:
and a short, voluminous head with strong teeth, resting on a short, broad neck.
177:
142:
129:
One of the first hypotheses put forward by
Professor Toussaint in 1874 was that
94:
52:
341:'s scientific publications, appears in Adrien Arcelin's 1872 prehistoric novel
160:
According to the most recent theory, horses probably often passed close to the
272:
138:
1325:
387:
In 1874, Professor Toussaint compared the bones discovered with those of the
1261:
1236:
788:
445:
193:
postulated the existence of two differentiated types of horse on this site:
176:
valleys before moving westwards onto plateaus as the warm weather returned.
150:
130:
76:
1077:
Signoret, Florence; Solari, Nils; Counord, Liliane; Bernar, Gérard (2008).
1052:
Bernard, Isabelle; Corn, Myriam; Miriski, Pierre; Racic, Françoise (2006).
1195:
Penisson, Jean-Pierre (1985). "Les origines du cheval dans les Ardennes".
461:
419:
415:
411:
173:
169:
110:
303:
directly 15,000 years BC, with much more visible morphological changes.
265:
Because it forms the majority of the fossils found at Solutré, it is to
44:
1338:
449:
180:
human groups then took advantage of the passage of numerous herds to
444:, but this theory has been invalidated by more recent research. The
19:
392:
363:
324:
280:
271:
that the name "Solutré horse" refers by default. However, not all
134:
18:
1354:
Pozzi, Enrico; Depracter, Danielle; de La Torre, Sandra (2004).
403:
399:
259:
406:. The official document on the Camargue breed published by the
1002:
Le grand guide du cheval: Les races, les aptitudes, les soins
209:
appeared in the Solutré region during the second half of the
107:
Traité sur le cheval dans la station préhistorique de Solutré
710:
harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFPozziDepracterde_La_Torre (
686:
harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFPozziDepracterde_la_Torre (
329:
Horses hurled from the Solutré rock, illustration from 1870.
372:
is still considered to be very close to the Solutré horse.
357:
Relationship between the Solutré horse and domestic horses
145:
man: the latter indicated that the bones came from horses
1377:
Solutré, une figure emblématique de la chasse aux chevaux
233:
by a new species better adapted to climatic constraints.
611:
Les Chevaux dans les temps préhistoriques et historiques
343:
Solutré ou les chasseurs de rennes de la France centrale
1155:. Solvang, CA: Amigo Publications, Inc. pp. 6–8.
1305:(in French). Clermont-Ferrand: Cahier du Quaternaire.
1152:
Conquerors : The Roots of New World Horsemanship
705:
681:
133:
man domesticated these horses, so that they could be
1031:(in French). France Agricole Éditions. p. 351.
391:. A year later, he discovered a horse skeleton near
287:
can show variations in size and dentition, and that
23:Horse hunting at Solutré, from an illustration in
219:, which had been roaming these regions since the
1250:Bulletins de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris
1225:Bulletins de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris
1303:Les chevaux de Solutré (Saône et Loire, France)
925:"Musée départemental de Préhistoire de Solutré"
1287:(in French). Faculté des Sciences de Bordeaux.
149:by a hunting party, and that the knowledge of
1294:Le Cheval de Solutré, Equus caballus gallicus
871:"La Préhistoire sous le signe de l'ambiguïté"
614:(in French). G. Ballière et cie. p. 776.
8:
1056:(in French). Éditions Artemis. p. 127.
953:Société des études euro-asiatiques (1999).
252:is a subspecies thought to be smaller than
1337:
1134:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFSanson (
667:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFSanson (
574:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFSanson (
538:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFSanson (
519:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFSanson (
500:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFSanson (
1178:"Comprendre le "rameau" Ardenno-flamand"
989:(in French). Université Montpellier III.
758:
557:
337:This popular theory, never mentioned in
959:(in French). L'Harmattan. p. 218.
729:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFPrat (
473:
43:) refers to the remains of prehistoric
1244:Piétrement, Charles-Alexandre (1874).
1081:(in French). Petit Futé. p. 636.
1000:Draper, Judith; Houghton, Kit (2006).
911:
899:
887:
831:
816:
608:Piétrement, Charles-Alexandre (1883).
480:
1360:(in French). Éditions Jérôme Millon.
948:
946:
827:
825:
754:
752:
701:
699:
697:
414:basin and would have moved along the
7:
1313:Le Grand saut des chevaux de Solutré
743:
553:
551:
549:
491:
489:
153:man was too rudimentary to include
1129:
1028:Les poneys : Races et élevage
869:Semonsut, Pascal (10 April 2024).
706:Pozzi, Depracter & de La Torre
682:Pozzi, Depracter & de la Torre
662:
569:
533:
514:
495:
14:
1103:"Chevaux de sang : Camargue"
1054:Les races de chevaux et de poneys
283:. Vera Eisenmann postulates that
1004:(in French). Éditions de Borée.
724:
321:Legend of the hunt for the abyss
279:recognize the existence of this
59:by men at the foot of the rock.
1246:"Note sur le cheval de Solutré"
188:Species or subspecies concerned
1:
1379:(in French). Cheval Attitude.
1176:Tsaag Valren, Amélie (2012).
648:harvtxt error: no target: a (
629:harvtxt error: no target: a (
593:harvtxt error: no target: a (
317:in homage to Adrien Arcelin.
229:was succeeded at the end of
1375:Quertelet, Sylvain (2006).
1301:Guadelli, Jean-Luc (1989).
1025:Bataille, Laetitia (2006).
223:. It is then possible that
1420:
1348:Popular articles and books
1332:(in French) (17): 73–110.
771:Armand, Dominique (1998).
429:
380:
242:
117:Scientific interpretations
86:
16:Paleolithic animal remains
1277:20th century publications
1213:19th century publications
980:Bonnet, Jocelyne (1999).
300:Equus caballus germanicus
285:Equus caballus germanicus
255:Equus caballus germanicus
216:Equus caballus germanicus
64:Equus caballus germanicus
418:valley to settle in the
125:Domestication or hunting
1292:Prat, François (1969).
1283:Prat, François (1968).
1262:10.3406/bmsap.1874.3092
1237:10.3406/bmsap.1874.3087
789:10.3406/quate.1998.1616
315:Equus caballus arcelini
308:Equus caballus arcelini
295:Equus caballus arcelini
290:Equus caballus gallicus
268:Equus caballus gallicus
250:Equus caballus gallicus
245:Equus caballus gallicus
238:Equus caballus gallicus
226:Equus caballus gallicus
206:Equus caballus gallicus
203:. It would appear that
201:Equus caballus arcelini
196:Equus caballus gallicus
168:, overwintering in the
68:Equus caballus gallicus
1221:"Le cheval de Solutré"
1219:Sanson, André (1874).
1079:Le Petit Futé Provence
643:
624:
588:
448:(and consequently the
373:
330:
164:during their seasonal
32:
1324:Langlois, A. (2005).
1319:(in French). L'Homme.
1149:Bennett, Deb (1998).
806:(in French) (6): 753.
460:site migrated to the
367:
328:
297:would have succeeded
22:
213:, as a successor to
83:Description of bones
47:discovered near the
1310:Poplin, F. (1990).
442:horse domestication
155:horse domestication
39:" (from the French
1394:Prehistoric horses
1197:Terres Ardennaises
560:, p. 261-336)
422:10,000 years ago.
374:
339:Henry Testot-Ferry
331:
33:
1367:978-2-84137-144-0
1339:10.4000/paleo.859
1184:(in French) (31).
1038:978-2-85557-140-9
966:978-2-7384-7845-0
761:, p. 73-110)
41:cheval de Solutré
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25:L'Homme primitif
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727:, p. 1968)
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438:Ardennais horse
434:
432:Ardennais horse
428:
408:Haras Nationaux
385:
379:
359:
323:
311:
293:never existed,
277:paleontologists
247:
241:
190:
162:rock of Solutré
127:
119:
103:Solutré-Pouilly
99:rock of Solutré
91:
89:Rock of Solutré
85:
49:rock of Solutré
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1132:, p. 650)
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759:Langlois (2005
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558:Guadelli (1989
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498:, p. 644)
485:
483:, p. 138)
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389:Camargue horse
383:Camargue horse
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1399:Paleolithic
1256:: 689–698.
931:(in French)
783:: 345–353.
777:Quaternaire
347:iconography
178:Paleolithic
147:slaughtered
143:Paleolithic
95:Paleolithic
57:slaughtered
53:Paleolithic
1388:Categories
744:Prat (1969
644:Piétrement
625:Piétrement
589:Piétrement
468:References
166:migrations
446:Ardennais
184:animals.
182:slaughter
151:Solutrean
131:Solutrean
77:Ardennais
66:, namely
1267:26 March
1115:25 March
935:26 March
854:28 March
462:Ardennes
452:and the
426:Ardennes
420:Camargue
377:Camargue
370:Camargue
211:Würm III
111:skeleton
73:Camargue
804:Geobios
458:Solutré
231:Würm IV
221:Würm II
135:lassoed
1404:Horses
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534:Sanson
515:Sanson
496:Sanson
450:Auxois
260:hooves
45:equids
31:, 1876
1330:Paléo
1317:(PDF)
1199:(10).
1106:(PDF)
987:(PDF)
416:Rhône
412:Saône
393:Arles
281:taxon
174:Saône
170:Rhône
139:eaten
101:, in
1362:ISBN
1269:2013
1157:ISBN
1136:help
1117:2013
1083:ISBN
1058:ISBN
1033:ISBN
1006:ISBN
961:ISBN
937:2013
856:2013
731:help
725:Prat
712:help
688:help
669:help
650:help
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595:help
576:help
540:help
521:help
502:help
404:2008
402:and
400:2006
368:The
275:and
199:and
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93:The
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