845:
1856:
follow-up survey concluded that the miscounting of children under five years of age and that
American Indians and Alaska Natives living on reservations continued to have the highest net undercount rate, similar to 2010. One of the leading factors of the misrepresented information in the 2020 census is the coronavirus pandemic, which caused notable delays in the Census Bureau's Post-Enumeration Survey. The Post-Enumeration Survey is used to determine how accurate the census results are and inform planning for the next national count in 2030. Furthermore, discrepancies persisted due to the irrefutable variables of delays to field work, migration of many college students and others, and some respondents failed to answer the necessary questions required for the Post-Enumeration Survey to match the census. Journalist Michael Wines of the
2309:"ethnicity" or "ethnic group" are more salient for scientific purposes and have fewer of the negative, racist connotations for which the concept of race was developed. Yet the concept of race has become thoroughly—and perniciously—woven into the cultural and political fabric of the United States. It has become an essential element of both individual identity and government policy. Because so much harm has been based on "racial" distinctions over the years, correctives for such harm must also acknowledge the impact of "racial" consciousness among the U.S. populace, regardless of the fact that "race" has no scientific justification in human biology. Eventually, however, these classifications must be transcended and replaced by more non-racist and accurate ways of representing the diversity of the U.S. population.
985:"). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless they were considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both white and American Indian ancestry was to be recorded as American Indian, unless their Indigenous ancestry was small, and they were accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had white and some other racial ancestry, they were to be reported as that other race. People who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father.
91:". The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws. Among the changes, The OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of mixed-race children and wanting to record diversity in a measurable way after having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge theirs and their children's full ancestry, rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the census and other government data collections asked people to report singular races.
1625:
generally Black (B) and
Mulatto (M). In 1900, there were no specified categories on the census listing form, and the instructions called for enumerators to list "B" for "Black (or negro or negro descent)", displaying the first occurrence of the controversial term "Negro". In 1930, there were specific instructions that used the term "Negro". Mixed persons were to be counted as "Negro" no matter how small the share of blood, also known as the one-drop rule. It was not until 1970 that the term Black appeared on a census form, and in 1990 the enumerator of color was eliminated.
1629:
dis-aggregated data on MENA populations, which made up over 3.5 million
Americans. California, New York, and Michigan have the largest MENA populations, and Lebanese, Iranian, and Egyptian populations made up nearly half of them. This was almost triple the 2000 census' estimate of a population of 1.2 million Arab Americans, based on the "Ancestry" question rather than the racial category question. That number may have been an under count however, as 19% of the American population provided no answer for the "Ancestry" question.
1932:
1609:
to "Print, for example". The removal of the word origin was due to the surveyed confusion and differentiating meanings origin has for respondents or varying backgrounds. Furthermore, the Census Bureau updated the write-in instructions for the "Some Other Race" category and included the instruction to "Print race", but changed the instruction to read "Print race or origin" to match the primary instruction to "
184:
1621:"White", "Black or African American", and "American Indian or Alaska Native" racial categories. In addition, after 100 years, the term "Negro" was removed from the 2020 census, as a large portion of respondents advocated for its removal. Instead, the category shifted from "Black, African Am., or Negro" to "Black or African Am." on paper questionnaires and electronic instruments.
1887:
157:
1878:
political shifts, apprehensions of unauthorized
Mexican immigrants increased considerably after the pandemic started in 2020. In fiscal 2020, the number of detainments of Mexican adults at the U.S.-Mexican border reached sky-high new levels under former president Donald Trump. There were 253,118 such encounters, up 52% from 166,458 the previous year.
2295:(AAA) recommended that OMB combine the "race" and "ethnicity" categories into one question to appear as "race/ethnicity" for the 2000 census. The Interagency Committee agreed, stating that "race" and "ethnicity" were not sufficiently defined and "that many respondents conceptualize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as one and the same [
1877:
The total number of non-immigrant visas processed in Mexico by the U.S. Department of State dropped 35% in 2020 compared with the prior year, from about 1.5 million in 2019 to about 960,000 in 2020. The temporary visas were processed for tourism, business, or crossing the border. Consequently, due to
1860:
attributes group quarters like college dormitories, long-term care facilities and prisons to have the largest contingencies in the tally as the pandemic pushed many university students to return home, making it harder to count them in the dormitories or apartments where they normally would have been.
1649:
The next change was reordering the example groups from "Argentinean, Colombian, Dominican, Nicaraguan, Salvadoran, Spaniard, and so on." to "Salvadoran, Dominican, Colombian, Guatemalan, Spaniard, Ecuadorian, etc." to reflect the ever-increasing geographic diversity of the
Hispanic or Latino category
1640:
The improvements are part of a larger effort reviewing the 1997 OMB guidelines, specifically to move MENA from under the White racial category into a new label. An OMB working group officially recommended a new MENA category in 2023 based on public feedback going back to 2015 and "plans to make final
1522:
has mandated that "in data collection and presentation, federal agencies are required to use a minimum of two ethnicities: "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not
Hispanic or Latino". The Census Bureau defines "Hispanic or Latino" as "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American or other
1330:
in several other ways than previously. Most significantly, respondents were given the option of selecting one or more race categories to indicate racial identities. Data show that nearly seven million
Americans identified as members of two or more races. Because of these changes, the 2000 census data
1263:
The 1990 census was not designed to capture multiple racial responses, and when individuals marked the "other" race option and provided a multiple write-in. The response was assigned according to the race written first. "For example, a write-in of 'black-white' was assigned a code of 'black,' while a
803:
Corrected figures are 85,425, or 114 less than the figures published in 1790, due to an error of addition in the returns for each of the towns of
Fairfield, Milton, Shelburne, and Williston, in the county of Chittenden; Brookfield, Newbury, Randolph, and Strafford, in the county of Orange; Castleton,
1645:
found significant inequalities in household income, citizenship rates, and
English-speaking rates between New Jersey's White population and Arab population, concluding that America's White and Arab populations might be different enough both culturally and economically to justify a separate category.
1608:
The
Hispanic origin question included the same checkboxes as the 2010 census ("Mexican, Mexican Am., Chicano", "Puerto Rican", "Cuban"), along with a "Yes, another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin". Under this category, two changes emerged. The first was the shift from "Print origin, for example"
962:
The 1910 census was similar to that of 1900, but it included a reinsertion of "Mulatto" and a question about the "mother tongue" of foreign-born individuals and individuals with foreign-born parents. "Ot" was also added to signify "other races", with space for a race to be written in. This decade's
63:
represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and, "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country". The OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the census to be not "scientific or anthropological", and takes
1874:. The predominant reasoning being shifts in political authority and the coronavirus pandemic resulting in policy changes. More specifically, immigrants entering through a permanent legal residency (green card), visa overstays, and apprehensions have drastically changed the input and output of data.
980:
The biggest change in this census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting the race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to
948:
During 1900, the "Color or Race" question was slightly modified, removing the term "Mulatto". Also, there was an inclusion of an "Indian Population Schedule" in which "enumerators were instructed to use a special expanded questionnaire for American Indians living on reservations or in family groups
115:
The OMB states, "many federal programs are put into effect based on the race data obtained from the decennial census (i.e., promoting equal employment opportunities; assessing racial disparities in health and environmental risks). Race data is also critical for the basic research behind many policy
2283:
According to James P. Allen and Eugene Turner from California State University, Northridge, by some calculations in the 2000 census the largest part white biracial population is white/Native American and Alaskan Native, at 7,015,017, followed by white/black at 737,492, then white/Asian at 727,197,
1855:
Though the issues of identification questions of origin were addressed, the accuracy of the 2020 census displays undercounts and overcounts of Black people, Latinos, and Native Americans according to the work conducted under Robert Santos, the current director of the United States Census Bureau. A
1620:
According to the United States Census Bureau, as a result of significant feedback, a detailed write-in response and example were included for the "White" and the "Black or African Am." racial categories to compensate a wider horizon of identities. There were also six example groups for each of the
1526:
Use of the word "ethnicity" for Hispanics only is considerably more restricted than its conventional meaning, which covers other distinctions, some of which are covered by the "race" and "ancestry" questions. The distinct questions accommodate the possibility of Hispanic and Latino Americans' also
779:
The census of 1790, published in 1791, reports 16 slaves in Vermont. Subsequently, and up to 1860, the number is given as 17. An examination of the original manuscript allegedly shows that no slaves were ever in Vermont. The original error occurred in preparing the results for publication, when 16
206:
The law required that every household be visited, that completed census schedules be posted in two of the most public places within each jurisdiction, remain for the inspection of all concerned, and that "the aggregate amount of each description of persons" for every district be transmitted to the
2313:
The recommendations of the AAA were not adopted by the Census Bureau for the 2000, 2010, and 2020 censuses. This includes Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin, which remained an ethnicity, not a race. While race/ethnicity definitions for 2020 remained consistent, individuals who identify as White,
1869:
Translating the data set, the 3.45 difference in net coverage error for the Hispanic or Latino category proves widely problematic, but is an avid reflection of the seismic shifts in the United States. Mexican immigrants have been at the center of one of the largest mass migrations in contemporary
1628:
The 2020 census was also "the first to specifically solicit Middle Eastern North African (MENA) responses" through the write-in response for the White racial category. The term MENA includes the Arab American population, which is growing quickly as of 2023. This allowed the 2020 census to include
1604:
featured similar designs to the 2000 and 2010 censuses. Subsequently, the Census Bureau adhered to the 1997 OMB standards and thus used two separate questions to collect data on race and ethnicity. However, there were improvements in the phrasing of the race and ethnicity questions within the OMB
1409:
Some other race — Includes all other responses not included in the "White", "Black or African American", "American Indian or Alaska Native", "Asian", and "Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander" race categories described above. Respondents providing write-in entries such as multiracial, mixed,
1567:
Although used in the census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get
988:
For the first and only time, "Mexican" was listed as a race. Enumerators were instructed that all people born in Mexico, or whose parents were born in Mexico, should be listed as Mexicans, and not under any other racial category. In prior censuses and in 1940, enumerators were instructed to list
1636:
in 2010. The Arab American population was then estimated through the number of responses that included one or more Arab ancestries. The 2020 census changed this by explicitly prompting write-in responses with Arab American examples listed as "Print, for example, German, Irish, English, Italian,
1591:
The Interagency Committee has suggested that the concept of marking multiple boxes be extended to the Hispanic origin question, thereby freeing individuals from having to choose between their parents' ethnic heritages. In other words, a respondent could choose both "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not
1008:
that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935, a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government
910:
The 1850 census had a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. Two questionnaires were used - one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants
295:
Census data included the name of the head of the family and categorized inhabitants as: free white males at least 16 years of age (to assess the country's industrial and military potential), free white males under 16 years of age, free white females, all other free persons (reported by sex and
70:
are considered separate and distinct identities, with a person's origins considered in the census. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino." However, the
2308:
The American Anthropological Association recommends the elimination of the term "race" from OMB Directive 15 during the planning for the 2010 census. During the past 50 years, "race" has been scientifically proven to not be a real, natural phenomenon. More specific, social categories such as
1624:
The identification of the term African American first occurred in the 2000 census, reflecting a long-standing history of offensive terminology since the censuses' inception. The 1790 census included other "free persons" by color and "slaves". From 1850 to 1880, the codes for enumerators were
831:
The figures for Virginia do not include the population of Kentucky. Though Kentucky was then a part of Virginia, the Kentucky figures were compiled separately, and are shown on the line for Kentucky. The Virginia figures do include the portion of Virginia that later became the state of West
923:
For 1890, the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished among different Asian ethnic groups, such as
2287:
The Census Bureau implemented a Census Quality Survey, gathering data from about 50,000 households to assess the reporting of race and Hispanic origin in the 2000 census with the purpose of creating a way to make comparisons between the 2000 census with previous census racial data.
1559:
included changes designed to more clearly distinguish Hispanic ethnicity as not being a race. That included adding the sentence: "For this census, Hispanic origins are not races." Additionally, the Hispanic terms were modified from "Hispanic or Latino" to "Hispanic, Latino or
856:
and Thomas Jefferson maintained the population was undercounted. The potential reasons Washington and Jefferson may have thought this could be refusal to participate, poor public transportation and roads, spread-out population, and restraints of current technology.
1177:
This year added several options to the race question, including Vietnamese, Indian (East), Guamanian, Samoan, and re-added Aleut. Again, the term "color" was removed from the racial question, and the following questions were asked of a sample of respondents:
3388:
1641:
decisions on revisions by Summer 2024". Many people in the community "may not be perceived, nor perceive themselves, to be White". The added category could allow for more targeted funding, social programs, and political representation. A 2015 study from
971:
The 1920 census questionnaire was similar to 1910, but excluded a separate schedule for American Indians. "Hin", "Kor", and "Fil" were also added to the "Color or Race" question, signifying Hindu (Asian Indian), Korean, and Filipino, respectively.
64:
into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups.
2724:
893:
The 1820 census built on the questions asked in 1810 by asking age questions about slaves. Also the term "colored" entered the census nomenclature. In addition, a question stating "Number of foreigners not naturalized" was included.
877:. However, the categories of "Free white males" of 16 years and upward, including heads of families under 16 years, "Free white females", including heads of families, All other free persons, and "Slaves," existed in the census form.
1395:
including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. It includes "Asian Indian", "Chinese", "Filipino", "Korean", "Japanese", "Vietnamese", and "Other
844:
1009:
treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the
86:
notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. The OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the
106:
No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity that included a combined question and a MENA category, while also collecting additional detail to enable data disaggregation.
1016:
The 1940 census was the first to include separate population and housing questionnaires. The race category of "Mexican" was eliminated in 1940, and the population of Mexican descent was counted with the white population.
1040:
The 1960 census re-added the word "color" to the racial question, and changed "Indian" to "American Indian", as well as adding Hawaiian, Part-Hawaiian, Aleut, and Eskimo. The "Other (print out race)" option was removed.
1420:— People may have chosen to provide two or more races either by checking two or more race response check boxes, by providing multiple write-in responses, or by some combination of check boxes and write-in responses.
1331:
on race are not directly comparable with data from the 1990 census or earlier censuses. Use of caution is therefore recommended when interpreting changes in the racial composition of the U.S. population over time.
2279:
In the 2000 census, respondents were tallied in each of the race groups they reported. Consequently, the total of each racial category exceeds the total population because some people reported more than one race.
3392:
804:
Clarendon, Hubbardton, Poultney, Rutland, Shrewsburg, and Wallingford, in the county of Rutland; Dummerston, Guilford, Halifax, and Westminster, in the county of Windham; and Woodstock, in the county of Windsor.
131:). Data on ethnic groups is also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of the population who may not be receiving medical services under the
1962:
The Census Bureau warns that data on race in 2000 census are not directly comparable to those collected in previous censuses. Many residents of the United States consider race and ethnicity to be the same.
915:. Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave were black and an "M" if mulatto.
2359:
813:
The figures for Massachusetts do not include the population of Maine. Though Maine was then a part of Massachusetts, the Maine figures were compiled separately, and are shown on the line for Maine.
3361:
1296:
Census data indicate that the number of children in interracial families grew from less than one-half million in 1970 to about two million in 1990. In 1990, for interracial families with one
4047:
3034:
4183:
4126:
3988:
3854:
932:, due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White", "Black", "Mulatto", "
989:
Mexican Americans as white, perhaps because some of them were of white background (mainly Spanish), many others mixed white and Native American and some of them Native American.
1367:. It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am., or Negro", or provide written entries such as African American, Afro American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian.
885:
In 1800 and 1810, the age question regarding free white males was more detailed with five cohorts and included All other free persons, except "Indians not taxed", and "Slaves".
199:
in the history of the United States. The population of the United States was recorded as 3,929,214 as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the
3638:
1901:
992:
The supplemental American Indian questionnaire was back, but in abbreviated form. It featured a question asking if the person was of full or mixed American Indian ancestry.
2354:
874:
3526:
1049:
This year's census included "Negro or Black", re-added Korean and the Other race option. East Indians (the term used at that time for people whose ancestry is from the
3122:
2667:
52:
chosen by residents, with which they most closely identify. Residents can indicate their origins alongside their race, and are asked specifically whether they are of
2775:
2750:
2579:
Reynolds, Gerald A.; Thernstrom, Abigail; Gaziano, Todd; Heriot, Gail; Kirsanow, Peter N.; Melendez, Arlan D.; Taylor, Ashley L. Jr; Yaki, Michael (April 7, 2006).
160:
3003:
1353:. It includes people who indicate their race as "white-skinned people" or report entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Near Easterner, Arab, or Polish.
5029:
4040:
3342:
2725:"OMB Publishes Revisions to Statistical Policy Directive No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity | OMB"
2364:
3731:
2554:
1456:
Yes, another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin – Print origin, for example, Argentinian, Colombian, Dominican, Nicaraguan, Salvadoran, Spaniard, and so on.
3920:
6319:
4193:
4161:
4091:
1241:
The racial categories in this year are as they appear in the 2000 and 2010 censuses. The following questions were asked of a sample of respondents for the
285:. However, the census was proven factual and the existence of most of this data can be confirmed in many secondary sources pertaining to the first census.
6309:
4211:
2444:
3365:
2972:
2879:
2796:
911:
schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person were white, marked "B" if a person were black, and marked "M" if a person were
5338:
4451:
4111:
4065:
4033:
1010:
225:
About one-third of the original census data has been lost or destroyed since documentation. The data was lost in 1790–1830, and included data from
4493:
4335:
4310:
4178:
3903:
2389:
2384:
2333:
2323:
1519:
88:
60:
49:
1542:
In the 2000 census, 12.5% of the U.S. population reported "Hispanic or Latino" ethnicity and 87.5% reported "Not-Hispanic or Latino" ethnicity.
4520:
4151:
4131:
4121:
4086:
5512:
4456:
4106:
4018:
2921:
2349:
1370:
1309:
963:
version of the Indian Population Schedule featured questions asking the individual's proportion of white, black, or American Indian lineage.
937:
123:
Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the
3493:
2477:
4427:
4226:
4156:
4141:
2843:
2292:
1403:
72:
2516:
1032:
The 1950 census questionnaire removed the word "color" from the racial question, and also removed Hindu and Korean from the race choices.
5496:
4726:
4719:
4652:
4439:
4325:
4166:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1435:
The 23rd federal census, 2010 asks one ethnic and one race question (questions 1-4 not reproduced here, questions 5 and 6 paraphrased):
6314:
4547:
4444:
4422:
4241:
4101:
1374:
116:
decisions. States require this data to meet legislative redistricting requirements. The data is needed to monitor compliance with the
3414:
3162:
3076:
2301:] underscor the need to consolidate these terms into one category, using a term that is more meaningful to the American people."
5425:
4278:
4221:
4173:
4096:
4056:
2337:
1053:) were counted as White. There was a questionnaire that was asked of only a sample of respondents. These questions were as follows:
200:
3789:
2414:
1406:. It includes people who indicate their race as "Native Hawaiian", "Guamanian or Chamorro", "Samoan", and "Other Pacific Islander".
3555:
3310:
3226:
3196:
902:
In the 1830 census, a new question, which stated, "The number of White persons who were foreigners not naturalized" was included.
4357:
4315:
4300:
4116:
1021:
305:
1414:, or a Hispanic/Latino group (for example, Mexican, Puerto Rican, or Cuban) in the "Some other race" category are included here.
4367:
4305:
3488:
2641:
99:
76:
41:
167:, February 6, 2015. An illustrated history of the racial and ethnic categories used in the U.S. census from 1790 through 2010.
4412:
4387:
4268:
4188:
4081:
2379:
212:
208:
3114:
6324:
5948:
4248:
4216:
4203:
2329:
2314:
Black/African American, and/or American Indian or Alaska Native were asked to specifically identify their racial origins.
53:
2779:
1632:
This is significant because MENA identities were previously only tracked through the "Ancestry" write-in question on the
6018:
4320:
4253:
4146:
3992:
3585:
3011:
2754:
2291:
In September 1997, during the process of revision of racial categories previously declared by OMB Directive No. 15, the
1588:
to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category.
297:
164:
103:
95:
6284:
6259:
6055:
4392:
3758:
2976:
2883:
2520:
2481:
2448:
2418:
2374:
3346:
3910:, James P. Allen and Eugene Turner, Department of Geography, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA
3879:
6040:
4263:
3527:"Improvements to the 2020 Census Race and Hispanic Origin Question Designs, Data Processing, and Coding Procedures"
3046:
1399:
136:
98:(MENA) racial category and considered combining racial and ethnic categories into one question. In March 2024, the
6264:
6231:
5875:
5355:
4953:
3962:
3928:
1633:
1601:
1556:
1327:
1242:
192:
132:
124:
117:
3943:"Amendment: NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research"
949:
off of reservations." This expanded version included the question "Fraction of person's lineage that is white."
6279:
6254:
5038:
4885:
4607:
4557:
4503:
4295:
2693:
128:
6216:
5823:
5365:
4535:
4471:
2980:
2887:
2800:
2369:
3815:
135:; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the
6003:
4562:
4417:
4288:
3586:"Lebanese, Iranian and Egyptian Populations Represented Nearly Half of the MENA Population in 2020 Census"
866:
313:
5269:
1258:
If this person was not born in the United States, when did this person come to the United States to stay?
6183:
6100:
6065:
6060:
5961:
5420:
5390:
5120:
5083:
5005:
4853:
4848:
4461:
4362:
4136:
1569:
1417:
1001:
5395:
5385:
5345:
3900:
3666:"Middle Eastern and North African Americans may not be perceived, nor perceive themselves, to be White"
3469:
2580:
2452:
71:
practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the
6173:
6163:
6153:
6143:
6095:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5966:
5405:
5370:
5360:
5197:
5015:
4985:
4939:
4805:
4780:
4602:
4540:
4432:
3942:
3677:
3613:
2866:"A Century of Population Growth from the First Census of the United States to the Twelfth, 1790–1900"
2634:
1428:
1005:
720:
234:
196:
33:
3137:
6168:
6138:
6128:
6118:
5998:
5892:
5491:
5484:
5462:
5440:
5435:
5323:
5244:
5063:
5000:
4970:
4922:
4912:
4865:
4841:
4795:
4790:
4638:
4508:
4466:
4397:
4382:
4377:
4273:
4008:
1871:
1392:
1050:
309:
3855:"Before COVID-19, more Mexicans came to the U.S. than left for Mexico for the first time in years"
6158:
6148:
6123:
6032:
5971:
5956:
5941:
5410:
5380:
5308:
5286:
5254:
5232:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5164:
5125:
5115:
5110:
5073:
5048:
4975:
4917:
4880:
4829:
4824:
4696:
4689:
4674:
4657:
4633:
4612:
4597:
4587:
4572:
4552:
4530:
4476:
4407:
4372:
4013:
3483:
3058:
2927:
2698:
1642:
1577:
822:
Corrected figures are 59,096, or 2 more than figures published in 1790, due to error in addition.
67:
37:
2847:
2524:
1511:
This census acknowledged that "race categories include both racial and national-origin groups."
780:
persons, returned as "Free colored", were carried forward to the following page as "Slave". See
6249:
6133:
6075:
6008:
5865:
5679:
5467:
5452:
5445:
5415:
5375:
5350:
5333:
5291:
5259:
5249:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5152:
5147:
5140:
5130:
5068:
5053:
4995:
4990:
4958:
4927:
4890:
4875:
4858:
4817:
4785:
4763:
4736:
4684:
4582:
4577:
4567:
4525:
4513:
4402:
4352:
3823:
3713:
3695:
2917:
1870:
history, reaching a peak of 12.8 million in 2007, but have since declined, as reported by the
1585:
1573:
1356:
853:
789:
2865:
1481:
Other Asian – Print race, for example, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, Pakistani, Cambodian, and so on.
873:
for small areas and their compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the
6085:
6080:
6070:
6050:
5729:
5607:
5527:
5457:
5430:
5400:
5313:
5296:
5274:
5192:
5103:
5098:
5088:
5024:
4932:
4905:
4895:
4870:
4836:
4768:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4731:
4679:
4669:
4662:
4643:
4619:
4592:
4498:
4231:
3732:"Why Arab Americans are pushing for a 'Middle East or North African' category on the census"
3703:
3685:
3050:
2394:
1134:
1124:
1118:
495:
301:
258:
83:
6045:
5993:
5634:
5597:
5552:
5479:
5328:
5318:
5281:
5264:
5237:
5172:
5093:
5078:
5058:
4980:
4963:
4944:
4900:
4810:
4800:
4773:
4758:
4714:
4283:
3966:
3907:
3155:
2485:
1402:— A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other
1380:
1338:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1139:
1129:
1083:
925:
4003:(Princeton University Press; 2013) argues for dropping the race question from the census.
3901:
Bridging 1990 and 2000 census race data: Fractional assignment of multiracial populations
2635:"Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity"
3891:(see Table 10. Hispanic and Not Hispanic Population by Race for the United States: 2000)
3681:
1945:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
5887:
5840:
5704:
5699:
5664:
5649:
5227:
5043:
5010:
4488:
4483:
3708:
3665:
3317:
3237:
3204:
1581:
1388:
1313:
870:
785:
The Connecticut River Valley in southern Vermont and New Hampshire; historical sketches
695:
670:
274:
262:
6303:
5932:
5803:
5751:
5739:
5734:
5724:
5714:
5709:
5629:
5602:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5135:
4258:
3270:
3062:
2931:
2911:
2668:"Census Changes: Biden Administration Proposes New Categories For Race And Ethnicity"
1087:
1073:
982:
783:
420:
370:
250:
246:
4025:
2816:
The Census Book: A Genealogists Guide to Federal Census Facts, Schedules and Indexes
5912:
5788:
5572:
3790:"The 2020 census had big undercounts of Black people, Latinos and Native Americans"
1360:
1350:
1024:. The Census Bureau's role was denied for decades, but was finally proven in 2007.
545:
445:
308:, directed U.S. Marshals to collect data from all 13 original states, and from the
270:
266:
45:
3100:
2332:
adopted the new language to comply with the revisions to Directive 15, as did the
2422:
1900:
Please expand the to include this information. Further details may exist on the
94:
As of 2023, the OMB built on the 1997 guidelines and suggested the addition of a
6191:
5907:
5828:
5808:
5694:
5567:
5472:
3115:"Confirmed: The U.S. Census Bureau Gave Up Names of Japanese-Americans in WW II"
2720:
1346:
929:
470:
226:
183:
3639:"Initial Proposals for Updating OMB's Race and Ethnicity Statistical Standards"
3294:
17:
5917:
5870:
5813:
5669:
5644:
3054:
520:
254:
3989:"The Evolution of Race and Ethnicity Classifications in the Decennial Census"
3827:
3699:
2614:
Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting
1469:
American Indian or Alaska Native – Print name of enrolled or principal tribe.
6244:
6221:
6196:
5922:
5818:
5674:
5624:
5542:
3690:
3197:"2000 Census of Population, Public Law 94-171 Redistricting Data File: Race"
2829:
1561:
1502:
Other Pacific Islander – Print race, for example, Fijian, Tongan, and so on.
1093:
5654:
3717:
1886:
4001:
What Is Your Race? The Census and Our Flawed Efforts to Classify Americans
3664:
Maghbouleh, Neda; Schachter, Ariela; Flores, René D. (February 15, 2022).
3418:
6201:
5855:
5845:
5773:
5746:
5659:
5639:
5577:
5557:
5537:
5532:
3446:
3343:"Census Bureau to Test Changes in Questionnaire, New Response Technology"
3089:
A Quiet Victory for Latino Rights: FDR and the Controversy over Whiteness
2609:
2284:
and finally white/Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander at 125,628.
1411:
1384:
1114:
1068:
933:
645:
620:
595:
570:
312:. The census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's
282:
242:
230:
6226:
6013:
5927:
5902:
5850:
5835:
5719:
5547:
5517:
4236:
1654:
Percent Net Coverage Error by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010 and 2020
1375:
original peoples of North and South America (including Central America)
912:
345:
325:
Free white males at least 16 years of age, including heads of families
278:
3959:
1013:
in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness.
6206:
5798:
5783:
5778:
5766:
5761:
5689:
5619:
5522:
5301:
1852:*Net coverage error is statistically significantly different from 0.
1364:
1342:
1107:
a. For persons born in a foreign country – Is the person naturalized?
1078:
981:
be recorded as "Negro", no matter the fraction of that lineage (the "
3441:
3816:"Despite Many Obstacles, the 2020 Census Gets a Cautious Thumbs-Up"
3345:(Press release). US Census Bureau. January 16, 2003. Archived from
2610:"American Anthropological Association Response to OMB Directive 15"
5897:
5880:
5860:
5793:
5756:
5684:
5614:
2913:
Who Counts?: The Politics of Census-Taking in Contemporary America
843:
395:
238:
182:
127:
and monitoring/enforcing equal employment opportunities under the
6280:
Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
2324:
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission § Race and ethnicity
6211:
5562:
3505:
1383:— A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the
1197:
a. Does this person speak a language other than English at home?
4029:
3033:
Gratton, Brian; Merchant, Emily Klancher (September 19, 2016).
2751:"Infographic: Government Collection of Race and Ethnicity Data"
3970:
2560:(Report). American Anthropological Association. September 1997
2360:
Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States
2297:
1925:
1880:
3560:
Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project
1191:
a. Is this person a naturalized citizen of the United States?
1377:
and who maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.
1341:— A person having origins in any of the original peoples of
1423:
1304:
for about 20 percent of all children, the other parent was
1252:
In what U.S. State or foreign country was this person born?
3960:
Final Revisions of the Employer Information Report (EEO-1)
2859:
2857:
1194:
b. When did this person come to the United States to stay?
3271:"Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: Census 2000 Brief"
1668:
Is There A Significant Difference Between 2020 and 2010?
1334:
The following definitions apply to the 2000 census only.
2692:
Lai, K.K. Rebecca; Medina, Jennifer (October 16, 2023).
1605:
guidelines, that would enhance clarity for respondents.
1264:
write-in of 'white-black' was assigned a code of 'white.
1110:
b When did the person come to the United States to stay?
6276:
Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity
3759:"U.S. Census Bureau Classification of Arab Populations"
3389:"Census Takes Aim to Tally 'Hard to Count' Populations"
3269:
Grieco, Elizabeth M.; Cassidy, Rachel C. (March 2001).
3077:
https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/1930instructions.pdf
1218:
Is this person of Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent?
743:
2588:
University of Maryland: Thurgood Marshall Law Library
2445:"American FactFinder Help: Hispanic or Latino origin"
1922:
Relation between ethnicity and race in census results
1440:
Is the person of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin?
1185:
In what state or foreign country was the person born?
3470:"They ask, 'Where are we going to write Armenian? '"
3362:"Caribbeans urged to write in ancestry on US Census"
2517:"Questions and Answers for Census 2000 Data on Race"
6182:
6111:
6031:
5505:
5163:
4707:
4345:
4334:
4202:
4072:
3987:Ahmad, Farah Z.; Hagler, Jamal (February 6, 2015).
3848:
3846:
3844:
3442:"Arab-Americans Aim to Increase Their Census Count"
2749:Ahmad, Farah Z.; Hagler, Jamal (February 6, 2015).
1203:
c. If yes, how well does this person speak English?
869:from the 1790 population census are available, but
149:
3415:"The Arab American Institute | Get Involved!"
2818:. North Salt Lake, Utah: HeritageQuest. p. 7.
1650:and the variations in populations sums each year.
1272:Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent
1212:Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent
1153:Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent
161:"Government Collection of Race and Ethnicity Data"
2910:Anderson, Margo J.; Fienberg, Stephen E. (1999).
2355:Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom
1291:Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic, print one group ...
875:National Historical Geographic Information System
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
852:Some doubt surrounded the numbers, as President
331:Free white females, including heads of families
215:were also responsible for governing the census.
27:Self-identification collected by the U.S. census
3783:
3781:
3779:
3670:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3035:"La Raza: Mexicans in the United States Census"
2791:
2789:
2306:
1523:Spanish culture or origin regardless of race."
1188:If this person was born in a foreign country...
3614:"Census 2000 Brief: The Arab Population: 2000"
3556:"Race and the Census: The "Negro" Controversy"
1967:Population distribution by race (2000 census)
1527:declaring various racial identities (see also
1444:No, not of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin
1255:Is this person a citizen of the United States?
4041:
2365:Judicial aspects of race in the United States
1121:, was spoken in the person's home as a child?
1104:What country was the person's mother born in?
1101:What country was the person's father born in?
8:
3880:"Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000"
3549:
3547:
3289:
3287:
3608:
3606:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
2694:"An American Puzzle: Fitting Race in a Box"
2553:"A Brief History of the OMB Directive 15".
1276:Is this person of Spanish/Hispanic origin?
316:as the 14th state on March 4 of that year.
4342:
4048:
4034:
4026:
3305:
3303:
3075:copy of the full 1930 census instructions
2581:"Racial Categorization in the 2010 Census"
1965:
1809:Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
1400:Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
936:", "Octoroon", "Chinese", "Japanese", or "
318:
3707:
3689:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3515:
2832:. 1930 Census Resources for Genealogists.
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2478:"American FactFinder Help: Ethnic Groups"
1308:for 45 percent, and the other parent was
848:Commemorative pitcher with census results
3969:by the EEOC. The page contains links to
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
1652:
1373:— A person having origins in any of the
1359:— A person having origins in any of the
1282:Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano
1224:Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano
1065:b. Is this person's origin or descent...
1011:League of United Latin American Citizens
6245:People of the United States / Americans
4494:Southeast Africans in the United States
4452:African immigrants to the United States
3138:"Papers show Census role in WWII camps"
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2844:"1790 Census of Population and Housing"
2661:
2659:
2406:
2390:Racial segregation in the United States
2385:Race and ethnicity in the United States
2334:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
1520:federal government of the United States
772:
187:Title page of 1790 United States census
4521:Southern Africans in the United States
4363:Afro-Caribbean / West Indian Americans
3853:Gonzalez-Barrera, Ana (July 9, 2021).
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3168:from the original on October 20, 2003.
2472:
2470:
1781:American Indian Areas Off Reservation
146:
111:How data on race and ethnicity is used
4457:Central Africans in the United States
4019:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
3814:Wines, Michael (September 14, 2021).
3496:from the original on January 21, 2017
3125:from the original on August 29, 2013.
2864:Census Office, United States (1909).
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2350:Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood
7:
4428:Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans
3921:"Race/Ethnicity and the 2020 Census"
2846:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from
2799:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from
2778:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from
2293:American Anthropological Association
1157:Is this person's origin or descent?
788:. Rutland, Vt., Tuttle Co. pp.
73:American Anthropological Association
5497:White Hispanic and Latino Americans
4720:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans
4653:North Africans in the United States
4440:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans
3360:Kay, Jennifer (February 24, 2010).
3293:Waite, Preston. US Census Bureau. "
3091:(University of Arizona Press, 2012)
1537:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans
1533:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans
1529:White Hispanic and Latino Americans
6320:Ethnic groups in the United States
4548:West Africans in the United States
4423:Stateside Virgin Islands Americans
4009:"Racial classification in America"
3440:Ashmawey, Roqaya (March 1, 2010).
1447:Yes, Mexican, Mexican Am., Chicano
1326:Race was asked differently in the
25:
6310:Demographics of the United States
6092:Americans of Euro Oceanic origin
5426:Nordic and Scandinavian Americans
4057:Demographics of the United States
3788:Lo Wang, Hansi (March 11, 2022).
3554:Cohn, D'Vera (January 21, 2010).
3136:Haya El Nasser (March 30, 2007).
2338:United States Department of Labor
1753:American Indian or Alaska Native
1371:American Indian and Alaska Native
1200:b. If yes, what is this language?
6270:Race and ethnicity in the census
4358:African diaspora in the Americas
4007:Prewitt, Kenneth (Winter 2005).
3927:. March 23, 2019. Archived from
2523:. March 14, 2001. Archived from
2415:"American FactFinder Help: Race"
1930:
1885:
328:Free white males under 16 years
155:
4368:Antiguan and Barbudan Americans
3531:The United States Census Bureau
3489:Office of Management and Budget
3297:." 2006. accessed July 7, 2008.
3113:J. R. Minkel (March 30, 2007).
2642:Office of Management and Budget
2590:. US Commission of Civil Rights
1206:What is this person's ancestry?
1166:Central American Other Spanish
100:Office of Management and Budget
96:Middle Eastern or North African
77:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
56:origin in a separate question.
42:Office of Management and Budget
4413:Kittian and Nevisian Americans
4388:Dominican Americans (Dominica)
3101:The 1930 Census in Perspective
2555:"Response to OMB Directive 15"
2380:Race and ethnicity in censuses
2155:Hawaiian N. & Pacific Is.
1300:partner, the other parent was
1060:a. Where was this person born?
1020:1940 census data was used for
1:
5949:Hispanic and Latino Americans
3947:National Institutes of Health
3468:SMITH, DOUG (April 5, 1990).
3295:2010 Decennial Census Program
2330:National Institutes of Health
1795:Balance of the United States
1686:Race Alone or in Combination
1505:Some other race – Print race.
6019:Indigenous Mexican Americans
3993:Center for American Progress
3039:Journal of Political History
2814:Dollarhide, William (2001).
2755:Center for American Progress
1233:Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic
1022:Japanese American internment
782:Lyman Simpson Hayes (1929).
165:Center for American Progress
104:Statistical Policy Directive
6260:Maps of American ancestries
6056:French Polynesian Americans
4393:Dutch West Indian Americans
3065:– via Cambridge Core.
2977:United States Census Bureau
2916:. Russell Sage Foundation.
2884:United States Census Bureau
2521:United States Census Bureau
2482:United States Census Bureau
2449:United States Census Bureau
2419:United States Census Bureau
2375:Race (human categorization)
1460:What is the person's race?
6341:
6041:Pacific Islander Americans
3047:Cambridge University Press
2776:"History: 1790 Fast Facts"
2321:
1725:Black or African American
1637:Lebanese, Egyptian, etc".
201:United States Constitution
137:Community Reinvestment Act
82:In 1997, the OMB issued a
6315:Race in the United States
6240:
6232:Punjabi Mexican Americans
5356:Liechtensteiner Americans
4063:
3973:, forms, and instructions
3387:The Washington Diplomat.
3055:10.1017/S0898030616000257
2229:
2202:
2200:
2060:
2033:
2031:
2006:
1971:
1939:This section needs to be
1711:Non-Hispanic White alone
1659:Race and Hispanic Origin
1634:American Community Survey
1611:Mark ☒ one or more boxes
1466:Black or African American
1357:Black or African American
1279:No, not Spanish/Hispanic
1221:No, not Spanish/Hispanic
193:1790 United States census
154:
143:Brief overview of history
133:Public Health Service Act
120:by local jurisdictions".
6255:Native American ancestry
5030:Hungarian Slovak Gypsies
4886:Indo-Caribbean Americans
4608:Sierra Leonean Americans
4558:Bissau-Guinean Americans
4504:South Sudanese Americans
3965:August 13, 2009, at the
3906:October 2, 2008, at the
3156:"US Census Bureau, 2000"
2797:"History: 1790 Overview"
1184:
1097:
1091:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1059:
6217:Louisiana Creole people
5366:Luxembourgish Americans
4536:South African Americans
4472:Equatoguinean Americans
3691:10.1073/pnas.2117940119
2370:Language Spoken at Home
1439:
1251:
840:Contemporary perception
334:All other free persons
174:18th and 19th centuries
102:published revisions to
6004:Puerto Rican Americans
4563:Cape Verdean Americans
4418:Saint Lucian Americans
4194:Ethnocultural politics
4162:Racial achievement gap
4092:Educational attainment
3236:. 2010. Archived from
3002:Census History Staff.
2311:
2109:A. Indian/Alaska Nat.
1896:is missing information
1427:Snapshot: Race in the
1319:
1261:
1209:
1150:
849:
314:admission to the Union
188:
44:(OMB) define a set of
6101:New Zealand Americans
6066:Micronesian Americans
6061:Marshallese Americans
5962:Costa Rican Americans
5421:Sammarinese Americans
5391:Montenegrin Americans
5121:Azerbaijani Americans
5084:Palestinian Americans
5006:Singaporean Americans
4854:Bangladeshi Americans
4462:Cameroonian Americans
4184:Unemployment by state
3794:National Public Radio
3472:– via LA Times.
3395:on September 16, 2011
3311:"2010 US Census form"
3227:"2010 US Census Form"
3014:on September 28, 2009
2973:"Through the Decades"
2932:10.7758/9781610440059
2890:on September 5, 2009.
2803:on September 5, 2009.
2322:Further information:
2304:The AAA also stated:
2232:Some other + W/B/N/A
1592:Hispanic or Latino".
1570:West Indian Americans
1496:Guamanian or Chamorro
1316:for about 34 percent.
1293:
1247:
1180:
1055:
1002:Franklin D. Roosevelt
847:
203:and applicable laws.
186:
6325:United States census
6174:Venezuelan Americans
6164:Surinamese Americans
6154:Paraguayan Americans
6144:Ecuadorian Americans
6096:Australian Americans
5987:Salvadoran Americans
5982:Panamanian Americans
5977:Nicaraguan Americans
5967:Guatemalan Americans
5406:Portuguese Americans
5371:Macedonian Americans
5361:Lithuanian Americans
5198:Belarusian Americans
5016:Vietnamese Americans
4986:Indonesian Americans
4940:Sri Lankan Americans
4806:Fuzhounese Americans
4603:Senegalese Americans
4541:Zimbabwean Americans
4433:Vincentian Americans
3931:on October 12, 2019.
3349:on October 12, 2006.
2983:on September 1, 2009
2086:Black or African A.
1006:Good Neighbor policy
881:1800 and 1810 census
34:United States census
6169:Uruguayan Americans
6139:Colombian Americans
6129:Brazilian Americans
6119:Argentine Americans
5999:Dominican Americans
5893:Alaskan Athabaskans
5492:Non-Hispanic whites
5485:Ukrainian Americans
5463:Slovenian Americans
5441:Norwegian Americans
5436:Icelandic Americans
5324:Hungarian Americans
5270:Dagestani Americans
5245:Bulgarian Americans
5064:Jordanian Americans
5001:Malaysian Americans
4971:Cambodian Americans
4923:Pakistani Americans
4913:Maldivian Americans
4866:Bhutanese Americans
4842:Mongolian Americans
4796:Taiwanese Americans
4791:Hong Kong Americans
4639:Ethiopian Americans
4509:Tanzanian Americans
4467:Congolese Americans
4398:Grenadian Americans
4383:Bermudian Americans
4378:Barbadian Americans
4112:Housing segregation
4066:Demographic history
3889:. US Census Bureau.
3859:Pew Research Center
3682:2022PNAS..11917940M
3119:Scientific American
3087:Patrick D. Lukens,
2850:on October 3, 2014.
1968:
1872:Pew Research Center
1837:Hispanic or Latino
1655:
1393:Indian subcontinent
1361:black racial groups
1163:Puerto Rican Cuban
1051:Indian subcontinent
310:Southwest Territory
6159:Peruvian Americans
6149:Guyanese Americans
6124:Bolivian Americans
6046:Chamorro Americans
5972:Honduran Americans
5957:Belizean Americans
5942:Canadian Americans
5411:Romanian Americans
5381:Moldovan Americans
5309:Galician Americans
5287:Estonian Americans
5255:Croatian Americans
5233:Scottish Americans
5188:Austrian Americans
5183:Asturian Americans
5178:Albanian Americans
5126:Georgian Americans
5116:Assyrian Americans
5111:Armenian Americans
5074:Lebanese Americans
5049:Bahraini Americans
4976:Filipino Americans
4918:Nepalese Americans
4881:Gujarati Americans
4830:Ryukyuan Americans
4825:Japanese Americans
4697:Sudanese Americans
4690:Tunisian Americans
4675:Algerian Americans
4658:Egyptian Americans
4634:Eritrean Americans
4613:Togolese Americans
4598:Nigerian Americans
4588:Liberian Americans
4573:Ghanaian Americans
4553:Beninese Americans
4531:Malawian Americans
4477:Gabonese Americans
4408:Jamaican Americans
4373:Bahamian Americans
4279:Moorish Scientists
4179:Standard of living
3999:Prewitt, Kenneth.
3949:. October 9, 2001.
3887:2000 Census Briefs
3820:The New York Times
3763:Rutgers Policy Lab
3757:Swedberg, Tamara.
3645:. January 27, 2023
3207:on August 31, 2009
2723:(March 28, 2024).
2699:The New York Times
2644:. October 30, 1997
2488:on August 19, 2018
2425:on August 19, 2018
1966:
1898:about 2020 census.
1865:Hispanic or Latino
1653:
1643:Rutgers University
1578:Armenian Americans
1285:Yes, Puerto Rican
1227:Yes, Puerto Rican
1169:No, none of these
1147:None, only English
850:
306:Secretary of State
189:
89:federal government
68:Race and ethnicity
54:Hispanic or Latino
50:race and ethnicity
38:U.S. Census Bureau
6297:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6250:American ancestry
6134:Chilean Americans
6076:Palauan Americans
6009:Mexican Americans
5468:Spanish Americans
5453:Serbian Americans
5446:Swedish Americans
5416:Russian Americans
5396:Occitan Americans
5386:Monacan Americans
5376:Maltese Americans
5351:Latvian Americans
5346:Kosovan Americans
5334:Italian Americans
5292:Finnish Americans
5260:Cypriot Americans
5250:Catalan Americans
5223:English Americans
5218:Cornish Americans
5213:British Americans
5208:Bosnian Americans
5203:Belgian Americans
5153:Turkish Americans
5148:Kurdish Americans
5141:Israeli Americans
5131:Iranian Americans
5069:Kuwaiti Americans
5054:Emirati Americans
4996:Laotian Americans
4991:Iu Mien Americans
4959:Burmese Americans
4928:Punjabi Americans
4891:Punjabi Americans
4876:Bengali Americans
4859:Bengali Americans
4818:Tibetan Americans
4786:Chinese Americans
4764:Turkmen Americans
4737:Pashtun Americans
4685:Moroccan American
4583:Ivorian Americans
4578:Guinean Americans
4568:Gambian Americans
4526:Angolan Americans
4514:Ugandan Americans
4403:Haitian Americans
4353:African Americans
4152:Racial inequality
4122:Income inequality
4087:Gender inequality
3925:census2020now.org
3506:National Archives
2923:978-0-87154-256-4
2782:on June 25, 2010.
2277:
2276:
1960:
1959:
1919:
1918:
1850:
1849:
1586:Iranian Americans
1574:Turkish Americans
1516:
1515:
1450:Yes, Puerto Rican
1418:Two or more races
861:Data availability
854:George Washington
769:
768:
171:
170:
125:Voting Rights Act
118:Voting Rights Act
61:racial categories
16:(Redirected from
6332:
6086:Tongan Americans
6081:Samoan Americans
6071:Native Hawaiians
6051:Fijian Americans
5953:Central America
5513:Native Americans
5458:Slovak Americans
5431:Danish Americans
5401:Polish Americans
5314:German Americans
5297:French Americans
5275:Lezgin Americans
5193:Basque Americans
5136:Jewish Americans
5104:Yemeni Americans
5099:Syrian Americans
5089:Qatari Americans
5025:Romani Americans
4933:Sindhi Americans
4906:Telugu Americans
4896:Sindhi Americans
4871:Indian Americans
4837:Korean Americans
4769:Uyghur Americans
4754:Kyrgyz Americans
4749:Kazakh Americans
4744:Baloch Americans
4732:Afghan Americans
4680:Libyan Americans
4670:Berber Americans
4663:Coptic Americans
4644:Somali Americans
4620:Yoruba Americans
4593:Malian Americans
4499:Kenyan Americans
4343:
4336:By continent and
4107:Household income
4050:
4043:
4036:
4027:
4022:
3996:
3974:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3917:
3911:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3884:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3850:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3785:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3738:. April 28, 2023
3728:
3722:
3721:
3711:
3693:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3643:Federal Register
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3610:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3582:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3551:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3523:
3510:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3417:. Archived from
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3391:. Archived from
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3364:. Archived from
3357:
3351:
3350:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3323:on July 24, 2017
3322:
3316:. Archived from
3315:
3307:
3298:
3291:
3282:
3281:
3278:US Census Bureau
3275:
3266:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3243:on July 24, 2017
3242:
3234:US Census Bureau
3231:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3203:. Archived from
3201:US Census Bureau
3193:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3110:
3104:
3103:, 1930census.com
3098:
3092:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3010:. Archived from
3008:US Census Bureau
3004:"1930 - History"
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2979:. Archived from
2969:
2936:
2935:
2907:
2892:
2891:
2886:. Archived from
2876:
2870:
2869:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2639:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2585:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2559:
2550:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2527:on April 5, 2001
2513:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2484:. Archived from
2474:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2451:. Archived from
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2421:. Archived from
2411:
2395:Visible minority
1969:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1889:
1881:
1823:Some Other Race
1656:
1424:
1267:
833:
829:
823:
820:
814:
811:
805:
801:
795:
793:
777:
319:
302:Thomas Jefferson
159:
158:
147:
129:Civil Rights Act
84:Federal Register
21:
6340:
6339:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6330:
6329:
6300:
6299:
6298:
6289:
6236:
6178:
6107:
6027:
5994:Cuban Americans
5635:Mission Indians
5501:
5480:Swiss Americans
5329:Irish Americans
5319:Greek Americans
5282:Dutch Americans
5265:Czech Americans
5238:Welsh Americans
5173:White Americans
5159:
5094:Saudi Americans
5079:Omani Americans
5059:Iraqi Americans
4981:Hmong Americans
4964:Karen Americans
4945:Tamil Americans
4901:Tamil Americans
4811:Hoklo Americans
4801:Hakka Americans
4774:Uzbek Americans
4759:Tajik Americans
4715:Asian Americans
4703:
4630:Horn of Africa
4338:ethnic ancestry
4337:
4330:
4296:Native American
4284:Nation of Islam
4274:Five Percenters
4198:
4167:Racial wage gap
4157:Race and health
4142:Personal income
4074:
4068:
4059:
4054:
4006:
3986:
3983:
3981:Further reading
3978:
3977:
3967:Wayback Machine
3958:
3954:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3908:Wayback Machine
3899:
3895:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3863:
3861:
3852:
3851:
3842:
3832:
3830:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3787:
3786:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3741:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3612:
3611:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3584:
3583:
3574:
3564:
3562:
3553:
3552:
3545:
3535:
3533:
3525:
3524:
3513:
3499:
3497:
3484:"OMB Standards"
3482:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3421:on May 26, 2010
3413:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3292:
3285:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3195:
3194:
3173:
3165:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3099:
3095:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3017:
3015:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2971:
2970:
2939:
2924:
2909:
2908:
2895:
2880:"1790 Overview"
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2729:The White House
2719:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2515:
2514:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2455:on May 24, 2017
2443:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2346:
2326:
2320:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1899:
1890:
1767:On Reservation
1598:
1553:
1548:
1493:Native Hawaiian
1404:Pacific Islands
1324:
1310:American Indian
1265:
1239:
1175:
1047:
1038:
1030:
998:
978:
969:
960:
955:
946:
921:
908:
900:
891:
883:
863:
842:
837:
836:
830:
826:
821:
817:
812:
808:
802:
798:
781:
778:
774:
293:
291:
223:
221:
181:
176:
156:
145:
113:
75:and members of
46:self-identified
28:
23:
22:
18:Some Other Race
15:
12:
11:
5:
6338:
6336:
6328:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6302:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6188:
6186:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6103:
6098:
6090:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6037:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6016:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5945:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5888:Alaska Natives
5885:
5884:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5866:Tohono Oʼodham
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5826:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5509:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5228:Manx Americans
5225:
5220:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5169:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5044:Arab Americans
5035:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5011:Thai Americans
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4954:Southeast Asia
4951:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4868:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4793:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4491:
4489:Igbo Americans
4486:
4484:Fula Americans
4481:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4349:
4347:
4340:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4316:Scientologists
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4289:Value Creators
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4219:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4137:Middle classes
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4102:Home-ownership
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4078:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4004:
3997:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3952:
3934:
3912:
3893:
3871:
3840:
3806:
3775:
3749:
3723:
3656:
3630:
3602:
3572:
3543:
3511:
3475:
3460:
3432:
3406:
3379:
3368:on May 1, 2019
3352:
3334:
3299:
3283:
3254:
3218:
3171:
3147:
3128:
3105:
3093:
3080:
3068:
3025:
2994:
2937:
2922:
2893:
2871:
2853:
2835:
2821:
2806:
2785:
2767:
2741:
2712:
2684:
2655:
2626:
2601:
2571:
2538:
2499:
2466:
2436:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2319:
2318:Other agencies
2316:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1958:
1957:
1938:
1936:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1858:New York Times
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1597:
1594:
1582:Arab Americans
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1407:
1397:
1389:Southeast Asia
1378:
1368:
1354:
1323:
1320:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1238:
1235:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1174:
1171:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1088:South American
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1026:
997:
994:
977:
974:
968:
965:
959:
956:
954:
951:
945:
942:
920:
917:
907:
904:
899:
896:
890:
887:
882:
879:
871:aggregate data
862:
859:
841:
838:
835:
834:
824:
815:
806:
796:
771:
770:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
742:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
717:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
696:South Carolina
692:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
671:North Carolina
667:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
642:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
617:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
592:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
567:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
542:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
517:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
492:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
467:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
442:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
417:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
392:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
342:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
292:
289:
287:
275:South Carolina
263:North Carolina
222:
219:
217:
195:was the first
180:
177:
175:
172:
169:
168:
152:
151:
150:External image
144:
141:
112:
109:
48:categories of
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6337:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6275:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6112:South America
6110:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5506:North America
5504:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4445:Black Indians
4443:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4306:Non-religious
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4071:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4051:
4046:
4044:
4039:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3897:
3894:
3888:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3810:
3807:
3795:
3791:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3764:
3760:
3753:
3750:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3657:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3561:
3557:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3471:
3464:
3461:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3436:
3433:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3380:
3367:
3363:
3356:
3353:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3319:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3026:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2995:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2868:. p. 47.
2867:
2860:
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2854:
2849:
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2839:
2836:
2831:
2830:"1790 Census"
2825:
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2810:
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2500:
2492:September 13,
2487:
2483:
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2467:
2459:September 13,
2454:
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2328:In 2001, the
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2199:
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2100:
2097:
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2065:
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2055:
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2040:
2038:
2037:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1954:
1951:December 2019
1942:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1913:
1910:February 2021
1903:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1879:
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1873:
1867:
1866:
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1859:
1853:
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1797:
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1699:
1696:
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1678:
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1657:
1651:
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1644:
1638:
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1626:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1615:print origins
1614:
1606:
1603:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1568:non-Hispanic
1565:
1563:
1558:
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1538:
1534:
1530:
1524:
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1442:
1437:
1436:
1434:
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1430:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:interracial,
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1362:
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1348:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:Alaska Native
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
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1213:
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1199:
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1187:
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1181:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
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1154:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:, other than
1116:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1098:None of These
1095:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1044:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1003:
995:
993:
990:
986:
984:
983:one-drop rule
975:
973:
966:
964:
957:
952:
950:
943:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
918:
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914:
905:
903:
897:
895:
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886:
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878:
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872:
868:
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839:
828:
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819:
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810:
807:
800:
797:
791:
787:
786:
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773:
764:
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749:
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733:
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724:
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619:
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569:
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555:
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547:
544:
543:
539:
536:
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530:
527:
524:
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518:
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511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
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469:
468:
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461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
422:
421:Massachusetts
419:
418:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
372:
371:New Hampshire
369:
368:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
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311:
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299:
288:
286:
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280:
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272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
251:New Hampshire
248:
247:Massachusetts
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
218:
216:
214:
213:U.S. Marshals
210:
204:
202:
198:
194:
185:
178:
173:
166:
162:
153:
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140:
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119:
110:
108:
105:
101:
97:
92:
90:
85:
80:
78:
74:
69:
65:
62:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
6269:
4727:Central Asia
4326:Zoroastrians
4174:Social class
4012:
4000:
3955:
3946:
3937:
3929:the original
3924:
3915:
3896:
3886:
3874:
3862:. Retrieved
3858:
3831:. Retrieved
3819:
3809:
3797:. Retrieved
3793:
3766:. Retrieved
3762:
3752:
3740:. Retrieved
3736:PBS NewsHour
3735:
3726:
3673:
3669:
3659:
3647:. Retrieved
3642:
3633:
3621:. Retrieved
3617:
3593:. Retrieved
3589:
3563:. Retrieved
3559:
3534:. Retrieved
3530:
3504:– via
3498:. Retrieved
3487:
3478:
3463:
3451:. Retrieved
3445:
3435:
3423:. Retrieved
3419:the original
3409:
3397:. Retrieved
3393:the original
3382:
3370:. Retrieved
3366:the original
3355:
3347:the original
3337:
3325:. Retrieved
3318:the original
3277:
3245:. Retrieved
3238:the original
3233:
3221:
3209:. Retrieved
3205:the original
3200:
3150:
3141:
3131:
3118:
3108:
3096:
3088:
3083:
3071:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3016:. Retrieved
3012:the original
3007:
2997:
2985:. Retrieved
2981:the original
2912:
2888:the original
2874:
2848:the original
2838:
2824:
2815:
2809:
2801:the original
2780:the original
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2728:
2721:Orvis, Karin
2715:
2703:. Retrieved
2697:
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2671:
2666:Faguy, Ana.
2646:. Retrieved
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2613:
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2587:
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2529:. Retrieved
2525:the original
2490:. Retrieved
2486:the original
2457:. Retrieved
2453:the original
2439:
2427:. Retrieved
2423:the original
2409:
2327:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2204:
2203:
2035:
2034:
2007:
1990:Not Hispanic
1961:
1948:
1940:
1907:
1895:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1648:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1599:
1590:
1566:
1554:
1546:21st century
1541:
1525:
1517:
1510:
1472:Asian Indian
1351:North Africa
1333:
1325:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1262:
1240:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1176:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1074:Puerto Rican
1048:
1039:
1031:
1019:
1015:
999:
991:
987:
979:
970:
961:
953:20th century
947:
922:
909:
901:
892:
884:
864:
851:
827:
818:
809:
799:
794:for details.
784:
775:
745:
546:Pennsylvania
446:Rhode Island
296:color), and
294:
271:Rhode Island
267:Pennsylvania
224:
220:Loss of data
205:
190:
122:
114:
93:
81:
66:
58:
31:
29:
6265:2010 census
6184:Multiethnic
5473:Californios
5339:before 1880
4242:Protestants
4204:By religion
4117:Immigration
4073:By economic
3768:October 10,
3623:October 10,
3247:December 9,
3049:: 537–567.
2987:January 18,
2705:October 22,
2619:December 7,
2594:December 7,
2255:2+ W/B/N/A
2178:Some other
2075:194,552,774
2050:241,513,942
2021:246,116,088
1975:Hispanic or
1602:2020 census
1596:2020 census
1557:2010 census
1551:2010 census
1429:U.S. census
1347:Middle East
1328:2000 census
1322:2000 census
1288:Yes, Cuban
1243:1990 census
1237:1990 census
1230:Yes, Cuban
1173:1980 census
1045:1970 census
1036:1960 census
1028:1950 census
1004:promoted a
996:1940 census
976:1930 census
967:1920 census
958:1910 census
944:1900 census
919:1890 census
906:1850 census
898:1830 census
889:1820 census
471:Connecticut
304:, then the
227:Connecticut
179:1790 census
6304:Categories
6192:Afro-Asian
5814:Potawatomi
5645:Chemehuevi
4849:South Asia
4311:Rastafaris
4269:Ahmadiyyas
4222:Christians
4097:Emigration
4075:and social
3742:October 6,
3649:October 2,
3618:Census.gov
3595:October 2,
3590:Census.gov
3211:January 5,
2677:October 2,
2648:October 7,
2401:References
2181:14,891,303
2144:10,123,169
2098:33,947,837
2066:16,907,852
2041:33,081,736
2012:35,305,818
1490:Vietnamese
1453:Yes, Cuban
1000:President
765:3,893,635
756:1,541,263
521:New Jersey
255:New Jersey
6222:Melungeon
6197:Amerasian
5923:Tsimshian
5730:Chochenyo
5675:Kitanemuk
5625:Menominee
5608:Tuscarora
5543:Chickasaw
5528:Blackfeet
5039:West Asia
4781:East Asia
4301:Neopagans
4227:Catholics
4217:Buddhists
4082:Affluence
3828:0362-4331
3799:March 22,
3700:0027-8424
3500:April 25,
3453:March 14,
3425:March 15,
3372:March 14,
3327:March 15,
3142:USA Today
3063:157124212
3018:April 22,
2734:March 28,
2531:April 25,
2340:in 2007.
2267:3,299,271
2244:1,302,875
2235:1,859,538
2219:4,602,146
2210:2,224,082
2121:2,068,883
2008:All races
1992:or Latino
1902:talk page
1564:origin".
1391:, or the
867:microdata
832:Virginia.
322:District
209:president
6202:Blaxican
6014:Chicanos
5908:Gwich'in
5856:Shoshone
5846:Seminole
5774:Muscogee
5747:Tataviam
5710:Suisunes
5660:Diegueño
5640:Cahuilla
5598:Onondaga
5578:Iroquois
5558:Comanche
5553:Colville
5538:Cheyenne
5533:Cherokee
4127:Language
3963:Archived
3904:Archived
3864:April 1,
3833:April 1,
3718:35131945
3565:April 1,
3536:April 1,
3494:Archived
3447:Newsweek
3163:Archived
3123:Archived
2760:July 24,
2344:See also
2205:2+ races
2036:One race
1995:% of not
1484:Japanese
1478:Filipino
1385:Far East
1160:Mexican
1115:language
934:Quadroon
926:Japanese
762:694,280
753:791,850
750:807,094
715:249,073
712:107,094
690:393,751
687:100,572
681:140,710
646:Kentucky
640:747,610
637:292,627
631:215,046
628:116,135
625:110,936
621:Virginia
615:319,728
612:103,036
606:101,395
596:Maryland
571:Delaware
565:434,373
556:206,363
553:106,948
550:110,788
540:184,139
515:340,120
506:152,320
496:New York
490:237,946
481:117,448
440:378,787
431:190,582
390:141,885
283:Virginia
259:New York
243:Maryland
231:Delaware
40:and the
6227:Mulatto
6033:Oceania
5928:Tlingit
5918:Iñupiat
5903:Alutiiq
5851:Shawnee
5836:Quechan
5720:Awaswas
5705:Serrano
5700:Salinan
5680:Luiseño
5670:Juaneño
5665:Esselen
5650:Chumash
5548:Choctaw
5518:Abenaki
4264:Muslims
4237:Mormons
4232:Coptics
4212:Baha'is
4147:Poverty
4014:Dædalus
3709:8851556
3678:Bibcode
2564:May 18,
2336:of the
2258:364,544
2190:467,770
2167:353,509
2164:<0.1
2141:<0.1
2135:119,829
2112:407,073
2089:710,353
1941:updated
1843:-4.99*
1840:-1.54*
1829:-4.34*
1826:-1.63*
1801:-0.86*
1773:-5.64*
1770:-4.88*
1759:-0.91*
1731:-3.30*
1728:-2.06*
1562:Spanish
1475:Chinese
1412:We-Sort
1396:Asian".
1135:Italian
1125:Spanish
1119:English
1094:Spanish
1084:Central
1069:Mexican
930:Chinese
913:mulatto
759:59,150
740:82,548
737:29,264
731:25,739
728:14,044
725:13,103
721:Georgia
706:66,880
703:37,722
700:35,576
678:77,506
675:69,988
665:73,677
662:12,430
656:28,922
653:17,057
650:15,154
634:12,866
603:51,339
600:55,915
590:59,094
581:22,384
578:12,143
575:11,783
537:11,423
531:83,287
528:41,416
525:45,251
512:21,324
503:78,122
500:83,700
478:54,403
475:60,523
465:68,825
456:32,652
453:15,799
450:16,019
428:87,289
425:95,453
415:96,540
406:46,870
403:24,748
400:24,384
381:70,160
378:34,851
375:36,086
365:85,539
356:40,505
353:22,328
350:22,435
346:Vermont
337:Slaves
279:Vermont
235:Georgia
32:In the
6285:Racism
6207:Cajuns
5876:Yakama
5841:Salish
5819:Pueblo
5804:Pawnee
5799:Paiute
5784:Ojibwe
5779:Navajo
5767:Yokuts
5762:Wintun
5752:Tongva
5740:Tamyen
5735:Karkin
5725:Chalon
5715:Ohlone
5690:Patwin
5655:Cupeño
5630:Mohave
5620:Lenape
5603:Seneca
5593:Oneida
5588:Mohawk
5583:Cayuga
5523:Apache
5302:Cajuns
5165:Europe
4346:Africa
4249:Hindus
4189:Wealth
3826:
3716:
3706:
3698:
3399:May 5,
3061:
2930:
2920:
2672:Forbes
2158:45,326
2132:Asian
2063:White
1977:Latino
1894:This
1812:-1.02
1756:-0.15
1745:2.62*
1739:Asian
1717:1.64*
1714:0.83*
1703:0.66*
1700:0.54*
1697:White
1679:-0.24
1673:Total
1584:, and
1535:, and
1499:Samoan
1487:Korean
1365:Africa
1345:, the
1343:Europe
1140:German
1130:French
1092:Other
938:Indian
709:1,801
684:4,975
609:8,043
587:8,887
584:3,899
562:3,737
559:6,537
534:2,762
509:4,654
487:2,764
484:2,808
459:3,407
434:5,463
340:Total
298:slaves
281:, and
211:. The
197:census
36:, the
5933:Yupik
5913:Haida
5898:Aleut
5881:Yaqui
5861:Sioux
5794:Odawa
5789:Osage
5757:Wappo
5685:Miwok
5615:Kiowa
5573:Houma
4321:Sikhs
4254:Jains
3883:(PDF)
3676:(7).
3321:(PDF)
3314:(PDF)
3274:(PDF)
3241:(PDF)
3230:(PDF)
3166:(PDF)
3159:(PDF)
3059:S2CID
3045:(4).
2928:JSTOR
2638:(PDF)
2584:(PDF)
2558:(PDF)
2104:12.1
2081:69.1
2056:85.8
2027:87.5
1815:1.28
1798:0.05
1787:3.06
1784:3.86
1742:0.00
1676:0.01
1665:2020
1662:2010
1463:White
1381:Asian
1349:, or
1339:White
1306:Asian
1302:Black
1298:White
1144:Other
1113:What
1079:Cuban
792:–278.
746:Total
396:Maine
239:Maine
6212:Hapa
5829:Zuni
5809:Pima
5695:Pomo
5568:Crow
5563:Cree
4708:Asia
4259:Jews
4132:LGBT
3971:FAQs
3866:2022
3835:2022
3824:ISSN
3801:2022
3770:2023
3744:2023
3714:PMID
3696:ISSN
3651:2023
3625:2023
3597:2023
3567:2022
3538:2022
3502:2010
3455:2010
3427:2010
3401:2011
3374:2010
3329:2010
3249:2017
3213:2010
3020:2020
2989:2012
2918:ISBN
2762:2016
2736:2024
2707:2023
2679:2023
2650:2008
2621:2012
2596:2012
2566:2007
2533:2010
2494:2017
2461:2017
2431:2017
2273:1.2
2250:0.5
2225:1.6
2196:0.2
2184:42.2
2173:0.1
2150:3.6
2127:0.7
2101:13.8
2078:79.1
2069:47.9
2053:98.1
2047:11.8
2044:93.7
2018:12.5
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1985:% of
1980:% of
1972:Race
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1832:Yes
1748:Yes
1720:Yes
1600:The
1555:The
1518:The
1312:and
928:and
734:398
659:114
462:948
409:538
387:158
384:630
359:271
290:Data
191:The
59:The
5871:Ute
5824:Zia
3704:PMC
3686:doi
3674:119
3051:doi
2298:sic
2270:1.3
2264:0.1
2261:1.0
2247:0.5
2241:0.7
2238:5.3
2222:1.9
2216:0.8
2213:6.3
2193:0.2
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2170:0.1
2161:0.1
2147:4.1
2138:0.3
2124:0.8
2118:0.1
2115:1.2
2095:0.3
2092:2.0
2072:6.0
2024:100
2015:100
2002:US
1997:H/L
1982:H/L
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1804:No
1790:No
1776:No
1762:No
1734:No
1706:No
1617:".
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