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contribution between co-writers. In copyright law, there is no distinction of importance between the lyrics of the song or the melody of the song, therefore each writer is given equal ownership over the song, unless another agreement is arranged. "Phantom" songwriters provide small contributions to songs. The songwriter suggests a line for a verse or a
2735:
104:, college diplomas and "rock schools". Knowledge of modern music technology (sequencers, synthesizers, computer sound editing), songwriting elements and business skills are significant for modern songwriters. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules. Since songwriting and publishing
302:
same, melodies by different writers can sometimes be very similar. Occasionally, the producer might choose a few lines of melodic or lyrical ideas from one top-liner without properly crediting or paying them. These situations sometimes result in legal battles over ownership of the melodies or lyrics.
301:
singer. If the song is for a particular artist, the top-liner may sing the demo in that artist's style. Top-liners often work in groups to co-write. Sometimes producers send out tracks to more than one top-line writer so that the producer or singer could choose the best option. Since the track is the
281:
In modern commercial writing, it is a common practice for the musical track to be produced first without any vocal melody or lyrics. This is partially due to the rise of portable music production equipment and digital audio workstations that are designed for the swift arrangement of electronic music,
417:
Songs written by more than one person is co-written, written jointly or written in collaboration with other authors. Co-writers may use the "stream of consciousness" approach, referring to having ideas flow rather than being discussed. The first step in co-writing is to establish the division of the
331:
sounds and to hear how well a given set of chords supports a melody. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, some songwriter-musicians create songs to perform themselves. Songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song, including an introduction,
356:
With recent technological improvements, a songwriter can now create commercially viable music almost entirely on their laptop. This technological advancement has made the producer/songwriter role a much more popular occurrence. Perhaps because the role of producer is not generally understood by the
224:
that oversees the production and recording of the final product. However, record producers can be involved in co-writing songs as the composer wearing two hats as the producer and songwriter as they may write and compose the original music such as the beat and then oversee the production that takes
158:
In the
Nashville country music scene, there is a strong staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal "9-to-5" hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary, says staff writer Gary Growden. This salary is in effect the writer's "draw", an advance on future earnings, which
92:
to produce popular hits means that song writing is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed among a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with the task of creating original melodies. Pop songs may be composed by group
185:
Staff writers are common across the whole industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favoured in
Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract. Obtaining a staff writer contract with a publisher can be the first step for any professional songwriting career,
305:
There is a way to prevent such legal battles. A songwriter can commit their "intent to make a song", which prevents any of the parties ripping the song apart. Some artists send out a legal disclaimer making clear that if their melody is not used after doing a topline, it reverts to them, and the
347:
The songwriter may expand upon the melody and chord progression by adding an instrumental melody (which may occur before or after the vocal melody, or alongside the vocal melody) and creating a more complex song structure (e.g., verse, chorus, bridge, instrumental solo section, etc.).
546:
Sampling is the reuse of a portion (or sample) of a sound recording in another recording. The original songwriter(s) of a song usually receive co-writing credit when their work is sampled on another song, although they did not literally involve in making the latter. For example,
367:
is one of the earliest and most widely known examples of a songwriter turned music producer. Within two years of the band's commercial breakthrough, Wilson had taken over from his father Murry, and he was the sole producer of all their recordings between 1963 and 1967.
211:
is a songwriter who creates and composes music or beats for a song, often laying the groundwork or 'musical bed'. Then a composer who specializes in melody will create the top line for the track. Tools typically used are keyboards, drum machines, softsynths and
159:
is paid monthly and enables them to live within a fixed budget. The publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with
181:
does not apply to "works made for hire", the rights to a song created under an employment contract cannot be "recaptured" by the writer after 35 years. In
Nashville, young writers are often strongly encouraged to avoid these types of contracts.
1101:
519:
Songwriting camp is a gathering of multiple producers and topliners in a pre-selected location for the purpose of writing songs for a specific artist. As one of the most successful artists in releasing many
257:
A top-line writer or top-liner is a songwriter who writes a song over a pre-made beat. In top-lining, the writer is not creating a song from scratch, but rather creating lyrics and melodies over an existing
155:. Being a staff writer effectively means that, during the term of the songwriter's contract with the publisher, all their songs are automatically published by that company and cannot be published elsewhere.
430:
Songwriting partnership or songwriting duo is a prolific collaboration which consists of two songwriters, usually sharing 50% royalty each. Songwriting partnership can be between a composer and a lyricist
2501:
571:. However, "I'll Be Missing You" did not have legal approval for the sample before its release, thus Sting sued and received 100% of the song royalties, with payments reportedly going until 2053.
2509:
112:; legally, in the US, songs written after 1934 may be copied only by the authors. The legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international
500:
194:
as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company so that he could "keep as much as possible and say how it's going to be done."
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Songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In part, this is because the process of "working out" a song or arrangement requires a songwriter to play an instrument, typically the
1447:
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143:. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity. Staff writers do not necessarily get printed credit for their contributions to the song.
1105:
2595:
401:
chart during the 1970s were written by just one songwriter. The percentage declined to 42% in the 1980s, 24% in the 1990s, 6% in the 2000s, and 4% in the 2010s.
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1083:
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229:/ Songwriters as they generally receive songwriting and production credits for both roles. This is especially true for R&B, hip-hop producers in urban
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Songwriters can be employed in a variety of different ways. They may exclusively write lyrics or compose music alongside another artist, present songs to
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2547:
2527:
606:
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955:
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1390:
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123:, publishers, agents and managers for consideration. Song pitching can be done on a songwriter's behalf by their publisher or independently using
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In solitary songwriting or sole writing, only one person is responsible in creating the entire music and lyrics of a song. According to
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extolled the benefits of the set-up: "I was able to concentrate on writing the whole time and have always had enough money to live on."
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with some writers with a desire for greater independence outgrowing this set-up once they achieve a degree of success. Songwriter
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233:, when composing the original music as the co-writer is integrated into their traditional role as a Record Producer, such as
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Unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of these
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control of the recording sessions with the artist and engineer all the way down to the mix stage. They are referred to as
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has been known for holding various writing camps to make her albums. Writing camps are also very popular in the
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956:"These 18 Songwriters Have Written More No. 1 Hits by Themselves Than Any Other Songwriters in Hot 100 History"
382:
Many singers also write songs for themselves, and as such, they are usually referred to as singer-songwriters.
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agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. Because the recapture provision of the
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who informally proposes a chord progression for a coda. "Phantom" songwriters are usually not given credit.
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genre and film scoring. A songwriter who mainly writes the lyrics for a song is referred to as a
1289:
905:"Behind the music: Why topline melody writing creates disputes between artists and songwriters"
97:. Some songwriters serve as their own music publishers, while others have external publishers.
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public, the average listener does not know when an artist also takes on the role of producer.
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101:
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The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by
1084:"Estranged From Mariah Carey, 'All I Want for Christmas' Co-Writer Calls No. 1 'Bittersweet'"
650:
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1065:"Patrick Leonard on What to Expect From His New Album of Reimagined Madonna Collaborations"
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by definition or acting role since they generally do not work directly with an artist in a
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1994:
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581:(2016) features as many as 72 co-writers due to use of samples in majority of its tracks.
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are the only songwriters with at least 8 number-one singles written solely by themselves.
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675:
Complete Guide to Film
Scoring: The Art and Business of Writing Music for Movies and TV
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249:, as opposed to a rock producer that may rarely contribute as a co-writer of a song.
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Songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called
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1149:"The Songwriting Camps Where Pop's Biggest Hits (and Personalities) Get Crafted"
775:
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556:
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1290:"Sting Earns $ 2,000 a Day Because Puff Daddy Didn't Say 'Please' Back in 1997"
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113:
109:
1318:"Diddy Actually Does Not Pay Sting $ 5,000 Per Day For Uncleared Song Sample"
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members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by
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2334:
2252:
1998:
1847:
1719:
1632:
1045:"Bernie Taupin on His 53-Year Saga With Elton John and Hopes for the Future"
933:"Rihanna says she's held "tons of writing camps" for a new album | NME"
242:
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17:
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remains the most successful one of all time, resulting over 180 songs and
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133:
85:
77:
61:
1102:"BBC - 7 legendary song-writing duos that changed the face of pop music"
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2018:
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The quaternary entrepreneur, The avant garde of non-material capitalism
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448:
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can be substantial sources of income, particularly if a song becomes a
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various verses and a chorus. At minimum, a songwriter must prepare a
320:
271:
69:
850:
2009:
1659:
799:"What's the Difference Between a Songwriter and a Topline Writer?"
529:
324:
43:
1368:
1026:"Tim Rice rules out collaborating again with Andrew Lloyd Webber"
851:"Toplining – What it is (and Isn't) and How to Become a Topliner"
2359:
2211:
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480:
73:
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The top-liner usually is also a singer, and will sing over the
2384:
2354:
2280:
2055:
1596:
1346:"Does Beyoncé Write Her Own Music? And Does It Really Matter?"
1232:"How to Write and Pitch Songs for the J-Pop and K-Pop Markets"
937:
1128:"It Takes Two: 10 Songwriting Duos That Rocked Music History"
1251:"How American R&B Songwriters Found a New Home in K-Pop"
1271:"Muki's K-pop songwriting expedition [Photo Diary]"
647:"How to pitch your songs to industry insiders says Growden"
37:"Songsmith" redirects here. For the music software, see
76:. The writer of the music for a song can be called a
336:
for a song, which consists of one or more pieces of
80:, although this term tends to be used mainly in the
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1195:"How many people does it take to write a hit song?"
394:, 44% of the songs that reached number one on the
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738:
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216:. Beat makers or composers are not necessarily
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707:
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27:Person who writes the words or music to songs
8:
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1391:
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607:List of Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees
649:. EMusician. 1 July 2007. Archived from
950:
948:
623:
190:described his staff writer contract at
903:Lindvvall, Helienne (26 August 2011).
602:s 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time
927:
925:
567:" (1983), a song he solely wrote for
551:is credited as a co-writer alongside
7:
2618:Global Recording Artist of the Year
2586:Highest-grossing live music artists
1082:Willman, Chris (18 December 2019).
25:
797:Samama, Benjamin (2 March 2016).
2747:
2746:
2733:
1763:Artists and repertoire (A&R)
1494:Universal Music Publishing Group
1147:Knopper, Steve (7 August 2018).
1043:Greene, Andy (2 November 2020).
701:, Gian Paolo Prandstraller, 2009
306:track back to the track writer.
2184:Entertainment Monitoring Africa
1344:Fallon, Kevin (13 April 2017).
1288:Lifton, Dave (7 January 2014).
1275:Theindustryobserver.thebrag.com
563:" (1997) due to the sample of "
447:), a performer and a producer (
2684:Largest recorded music markets
2591:Highest-grossing concert tours
1316:Zelmer, Emily (7 April 2023).
772:"Interview with Allan Eshuijs"
465:Mick Jagger and Keith Richards
1:
715:"Interview with Roger Murrah"
672:Davis, Richard (1 May 2010).
2740:Record production portal
1556:Independent UK record labels
1249:Leight, Elias (2 May 2018).
64:who professionally composes
39:Microsoft Research Songsmith
2608:Most-attended concert tours
849:Dee, Mella (19 June 2017).
678:. Hal Leonard Corporation.
489:the songwriting partnership
32:Songwriter (disambiguation)
2800:
2623:Wealthiest musical artists
2476:Best-selling music artists
746:"Interview with Dave Berg"
539:
375:
340:with the melody notes and
214:digital audio workstations
192:Universal Music Publishing
36:
29:
2727:
2194:New Zealand singles chart
463:), or between bandmates (
310:Multi-tasking songwriters
52:working on a song in 1936
2664:Christian music industry
2179:GfK Entertainment charts
1823:Professional audio store
88:. The pressure from the
2071:Music streaming service
1504:Disney Music Publishing
501:a record 20 number ones
426:Songwriting partnership
2613:Most-attended concerts
2581:Highest-paid musicians
53:
2694:Most valuable records
2689:Most expensive albums
2644:Album-equivalent unit
2174:Italian singles chart
2031:Promotional recording
1499:Warner Chappell Music
1489:Sony Music Publishing
1484:BMG Rights Management
1295:Ultimate Classic Rock
978:Thefreedictionary.com
825:"Steinberg Cubase 10"
565:Every Breath You Take
179:Copyright Act of 1976
48:Songwriting partners
47:
2784:Occupations in music
2669:Environmental impact
2569:Best-selling singles
1582:Digital music stores
1238:. 13 September 2016.
66:musical compositions
30:For other uses, see
2699:Music certification
2679:Largest music deals
2557:Best-selling albums
2390:The Country Network
2169:Irish Singles Chart
1818:Musical instruments
1167:"Songwriting Camps"
1004:Musicconnection.com
561:I'll Be Missing You
433:Andrew Lloyd Webber
2212:SNEP singles chart
1987:Extended play (EP)
1758:Album cover design
1108:on 5 February 2021
1000:"Music Connection"
877:"The Song Machine"
803:Blog.sonicbids.com
778:. 6 September 2010
469:the Rolling Stones
327:, to hear how the
231:hip hop production
102:university degrees
54:
2761:
2760:
2704:Parental Advisory
2659:Bootleg recording
2649:A-side and B-side
2506:
2459:
2458:
2375:The Music Factory
2217:Sverigetopplistan
2141:Argentina Hot 100
2107:Music competition
2097:Concert residency
2036:Phonograph record
2006:
1966:
1965:
1793:Music and fashion
1778:Entertainment law
1646:
1645:
1607:Virgin Megastores
1409:and organizations
1214:"The Hit Factory"
941:. 2 October 2020.
685:978-1-4950-3226-4
461:Walter Afanasieff
378:Singer-songwriter
344:indicated on it.
342:chord progression
329:chord progression
247:Pharrell Williams
16:(Redirected from
2791:
2750:
2749:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2504:
2325:
2222:UK singles chart
2154:Canadian Hot 100
2046:Compact cassette
1984:
1931:Session musician
1906:Hip hop producer
1864:
1798:Music journalism
1730:Rhythm and blues
1448:IFPI (worldwide)
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1212:Seabrook, John.
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1104:. Archived from
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1032:. 26 March 2012.
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875:Seabrook, John.
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829:Soundonsound.com
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752:. 4 January 2010
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542:Sampling (music)
532:music industry.
515:Songwriting camp
483:). According to
420:session musician
222:recording studio
218:record producers
137:publication and
95:music publishers
50:Rodgers and Hart
21:
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2394:
2314:
2309:Top of the Pops
2274:Musica e dischi
2226:
2111:
2075:
1995:Cassette single
1973:
1962:
1916:Record producer
1862:
1833:Radio promotion
1803:Music publisher
1788:Music executive
1783:Music education
1750:
1744:
1642:
1611:
1565:
1508:
1472:
1416:Representatives
1408:
1407:Major companies
1402:
1397:
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1366:
1356:
1354:
1351:The Daily Beast
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653:on 24 July 2010
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477:Benny Andersson
453:Patrick Leonard
428:
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227:Record Producer
205:
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82:classical music
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2714:Surprise album
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2149:Brasil Hot 100
2143:
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2102:Music festival
2099:
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2066:Music download
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1670:Easy listening
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1400:Music industry
1398:
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1280:
1277:. 1 June 2018.
1262:
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1218:The New Yorker
1204:
1201:. 16 May 2017.
1186:
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882:The New Yorker
867:
841:
823:Walden, John.
815:
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763:
732:
721:. 22 June 2009
703:
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583:
540:Main article:
537:
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497:Paul McCartney
427:
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387:
384:
376:Main article:
373:
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365:the Beach Boys
353:
350:
316:
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254:
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235:Rodney Jerkins
204:
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198:Specific roles
196:
148:
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90:music industry
68:and/or writes
26:
24:
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2295:Rolling Stone
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2189:Oricon charts
2187:
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2164:G-Music chart
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1936:Backup singer
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1513:Record labels
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1323:Rolling Stone
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1172:Shelly Peiken
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1050:Rolling Stone
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597:Rolling Stone
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473:Björn Ulvaeus
470:
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445:Bernie Taupin
442:
438:
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403:Lionel Richie
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189:
188:Allan Eshuijs
183:
180:
177:
176:United States
173:
172:work for hire
168:
166:
163:, songwriter
162:
156:
154:
153:staff writers
147:Staff writers
146:
144:
142:
141:
136:
135:
130:
126:
122:
117:
115:
114:copyright law
111:
107:
103:
98:
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83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
51:
46:
40:
33:
19:
2745:
2731:
2709:Record sales
2674:Hidden track
2464:Achievements
2448:
2443:The X Factor
2441:
2434:
2427:
2422:Star Academy
2420:
2413:
2406:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2231:Publications
2199:
2159:Circle Chart
2146:
2138:
2130:
2092:Concert tour
2015:Double album
1941:Ghost singer
1926:Orchestrator
1911:Horn section
1878:
1838:Record label
1773:Distribution
1680:Experimental
1652:Major genres
1638:Ticketmaster
1586:iTunes Store
1543:
1542:
1520:
1519:
1438:Music Canada
1355:. Retrieved
1349:
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1321:
1311:
1299:. Retrieved
1293:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1254:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1175:. 9 May 2016
1170:
1161:
1152:
1142:
1131:
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1106:the original
1096:
1087:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1048:
1038:
1030:the Guardian
1029:
1020:
1010:29 September
1008:. Retrieved
1003:
994:
984:29 September
982:. Retrieved
977:
974:"Definition"
968:
959:
936:
912:. Retrieved
909:The Guardian
908:
898:
886:. Retrieved
880:
870:
858:. Retrieved
854:
844:
832:. Retrieved
828:
818:
806:. Retrieved
802:
792:
780:. Retrieved
766:
754:. Retrieved
723:. Retrieved
698:
694:
674:
667:
655:. Retrieved
651:the original
596:
576:
553:Todd Gaither
545:
518:
508:
484:
457:Mariah Carey
429:
416:
407:Diane Warren
396:
391:
389:
386:Sole writing
381:
361:Brian Wilson
359:
355:
352:As producers
346:
318:
315:As musicians
304:
292:
288:Ableton Live
280:
256:
208:
206:
184:
169:
157:
152:
150:
140:SongQuarters
138:
132:
128:
118:
99:
57:
55:
2774:Songwriters
2719:White label
2654:Backmasking
2471:Music award
2450:Rising Star
2246:HitQuarters
2125:ARIA Charts
2041:Eight-track
2026:Music video
2003:Maxi single
1951:Ghostwriter
1946:Vocal coach
1901:Disc jockey
1874:Arrangement
1843:Record shop
1813:Music venue
1808:Music store
1768:Disc jockey
1628:Live Nation
1623:CTS Eventim
1545:Independent
1153:Vulture.com
855:Mella Music
782:7 September
776:HitQuarters
750:HitQuarters
719:HitQuarters
557:Faith Evans
505:the Beatles
493:John Lennon
338:sheet music
278:of a song.
260:music genre
161:HitQuarters
18:Song writer
2768:Categories
2574:by country
2562:by country
2320:Television
2302:Smash Hits
2207:Sino Chart
2080:Live shows
1991:12" single
1879:Songwriter
1867:Production
1675:Electronic
1616:Live music
1477:Publishers
1458:PROMUSICAE
1301:22 January
1179:16 January
1112:17 January
618:References
569:the Police
441:Elton John
413:Co-writing
372:As singers
334:lead sheet
253:Top-liners
125:tip sheets
110:hit record
58:songwriter
2639:Album era
2533:Brazilian
2505:(Females)
2436:The Voice
2409:franchise
2370:MuchMusic
2335:Channel V
2253:Hot Press
2239:Billboard
2147:Billboard
2139:Billboard
2131:Billboard
1999:CD single
1896:Conductor
1848:Road crew
1828:Promotion
1751:and roles
1633:LiveStyle
1570:Retailers
1533:Universal
1357:21 August
1133:Billboard
1069:Billboard
960:Billboard
756:25 August
725:25 August
657:25 August
575:'s album
522:hit songs
511:Hot 100.
509:Billboard
485:Billboard
397:Billboard
392:Billboard
243:Timbaland
209:beatmaker
203:Beatmaker
165:Dave Berg
106:royalties
2752:Category
2596:by women
2429:The Four
2415:Popstars
2328:Channels
2260:Kerrang!
1889:Lyricist
1884:Composer
834:18 March
591:Musician
585:See also
578:Lemonade
536:Sampling
491:between
437:Tim Rice
282:such as
264:tonality
134:MusicRow
86:lyricist
78:composer
62:musician
2548:Swedish
2543:Italian
2538:British
2528:Belgian
2514:Genre:
2492:Germany
2487:Finland
2202:Top 100
2133:Hot 100
2087:Concert
2061:Airplay
2019:Mixtape
1974:formats
1972:Release
1749:Sectors
1715:New Age
1695:Hip hop
1665:Country
1602:Kaspien
1551:Concord
1236:BMI.com
1199:Bbc.com
1088:Variety
914:2 April
888:2 April
860:3 April
808:2 April
612:Singing
573:Beyoncé
526:Rihanna
507:on the
449:Madonna
399:Hot 100
323:or the
297:as the
268:harmony
239:Dr. Dre
121:A&R
2482:Brazil
2399:Series
2117:Charts
1982:Single
1725:Reggae
1690:Gospel
1577:Amazon
1538:Warner
1006:. 2013
980:. 2011
682:
321:guitar
284:Cubase
274:, and
272:rhythm
131:, the
129:RowFax
70:lyrics
2779:Songs
2632:Other
2601:Latin
2518:Latin
2497:Japan
2010:Album
1740:World
1710:Metal
1705:Latin
1660:Blues
1522:Major
1329:2 May
600:'
559:for "
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1181:2021
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