400:
involves an organization's public association with or sponsorship of a musical enterprise—a non-profit music organization, for instance, or perhaps a music artist or group of artists. For example, some companies completely unrelated to music offer free music downloads on their websites. Ostensibly intended to demonstrate the sponsoring organization's good will from a cultural patronage stand point, practices like these also brand the organization by calling public attention to its beliefs, its values, and its aesthetic sensibilities.
212:
200:) is "the strategic use of sound … in positively differentiating a product or service, enhancing recall, creating preference, building trust, and even increasing sales." Audio branding can tell you whether the brand is romantic and sensual, family-friendly and everyday, indulgent and luxurious, without ever hearing a word or seeing a picture. And it gives a brand an additional way to break through audiences' shortened attention spans.
450:
2015:
36:
420:, is increasingly being seen as an important element of audio branding. It involves the creation of brand-congruent voice and music tracks, which are used by companies to communicate marketing messages to customers over the telephone. Typically, these messages are played while a customer is waiting on hold or while they are being transferred. They are also frequently used as part of
294:, which, in 1994, filed a sound trademark application for its distinctive V-twin engine sound. It realized that if it could capture its own sound, it could distinguish the brand at every point of customer interaction. Just like a visual logo, the most essential qualities of a sound logo are uniqueness, memorability, and relevancy to the brand promise.
1671:
585:(case C-283/01) the EcJ basically repeats the criteria from Sieckmann v German Patent Office (case C-273/00) that graphical representation, preferably means by images, lines or characters, and that the representation must be clear, precise, self-contained, easily accessible, intelligible, durable and objective.
362:
season or even times of the day and week. The
Swedish Mall, Emporia, has also found success using soundscapes to help guide customers. Unibail Rodamco upscale malls have an audio identity that is adapted to their parking lots, entryways, walkways, even chairs and plant walls and extends into their advertising.
374:
Sound branding also encompasses the use of targeted audio messages by organizations to communicate with customers over the telephone, known as on-hold marketing or on-hold messaging. These messages are typically deployed on an organizations interactive voice response (IVR) switchboard system or when
349:
Creating a brand experience using sound is also within the area of sound branding. The opportunities for creating a sound branding experience that conveys a brand essence and soul is possible. Bentley Motors, for instance, recently looked to create a unique brand experience by replacing all interior
336:
The handover phase where an audio style guide is developed to help the supervisor or manager of the brand recommend, plan, and supervise the installation of the audio brand elements into devices, expo booths, displays, call centers, and other places where it will be used. Additionally, the licensing
613:
In the United States, the test for whether a sound can serve as a trademark "depends on aural perception of the listener which may be as fleeting as the sound itself unless, of course, the sound is so inherently different or distinctive that it attaches to the subliminal mind of the listener to be
390:
Companies integrate sound branding and audio styles into marketing efforts in several ways — by including the sounds at key points in advertising materials via video-based or sound-based ads both online and via traditional channels like TV and radio. Newer technologies for small recordable devices
361:
is one of the notable brands to have enjoyed success with this approach, creating distinct consumer 'zones' within its stores, which change visually and sonically so customers know they have passed into a new department. These zones are often tailored to suit a particular product, customer profile,
604:
cannot be recorded in musical notation and sonograms were not accepted by the OHIM trademark registry. A change in legislation occurred in 2005 so that now the Office accepts sonograms as a graphical representation of a trademark if they are accompanied by an MP3 sound file when filing a trademark
382:
provided insight into consumer perceptions of on-hold marketing. It revealed 70 percent of consumers are put on hold for more than 50 percent of their calls and 68 percent of consumers are put on hold for longer than one minute. When on hold, 73 percent of callers want to hear something other than
1668:
431:
Changes in consumer perceptions towards audio marketing have played a large part in its adoption. Negative perceptions were traditionally attached to on-hold marketing but a more recent survey conducted by CNN found that 70% of callers in the United States who are made to hold the line in silence
353:
In a retail environments, sound branding extends to the use of sound in order to enhance the consumer experience and influence behavior . "For instance, an academic study that took place in a
Scotland supermarket found that sales of wines displayed side-by-side and priced similarly responded to
289:
The sound logo leads to learning effects on consumer's perception of a certain product. A melody is the most memorable sequence of sound, since, when a melody starts, the human brain automatically expects the ending. However, some brands realize the importance the sound their brand can make and
399:
Sound branding encompasses many other tactics intended to convey organizational or product identity (who an organization is and what it stands for); enhance consumers' experience of a product or service; or extend an organization's relationship with its audience. Another form of sound branding
370:
Sound design for mobile phones, ATMs, laptop computers, PDAs, and countless other devices can improve the user experience by making tasks easier and more enjoyable. These sounds can also reveal something about the company that created the experience (and, in the case of personalized ringtones,
517:
In
Australia, sound trademarks are generally acceptable if they can be represented by musical notation. According to the Australian trademarks Office, an application for a sound trademark which cannot be graphically represented with musical notation must include the following requirements.
403:
It is arguable that sound branding is now using 'subliminal' brand placement in pop song lyrics to echo a corporate slogan, a company's 'Unique
Selling Point' or 'brand values' (rather than the 'old fashioned' mentioning of brands / products directly). An example of this would be
600:—can be easily registered as a trademark (provided, of course, that it meets the Community trademark tests for registrability and distinctiveness). While tunes are capable of registration, before 2005 noises were not. The sound of a dog barking or the crash of
269:
or other sequence of sound, mostly positioned at the beginning or ending of a commercial. It can be seen as the acoustic equivalent of a visual logo. Often a combination of both types of logo is used to enforce the recognition of a brand. An example is the
350:
mechanical sounds with sound that had been created for their
Continental GT car. Roland Garros, home of the French Open created an audio identity that is used in its facilities and played during award ceremonies as well as opening and closing ceremonies.
325:
The concept phase where an audio collage is created to help define texture, rhythm, melody, harmony, and instrumentation that best convey the brand values and then the unique sound or piece of music is composed to convey the distinctive brand essence and
580:
may consist") relevantly states that any CTM may consist of "any signs capable of being represented graphically...provided that such signs are capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings". In
545:
The trademark consists of a repeated rapid tapping sound made by a wooden stick tapping on a metal garbage can lid which gradually becomes louder over approximately 10 seconds duration. The sound is demonstrated in the recordings accompanying the
1533:
1787:
Langeslag, Patrick/ Hirsch, Wilbert (2004): Acoustic
Branding: Neue Wege fĂĽr Musik in der Markenkommunikation, in: Brandmeyer, K./ Deichsel, A./ Prill, C. (Hrsg.): Jahrbuch Markentechnik 2004/2005, Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt am
391:
like the Botski, which is a sticker-based recordable device that can be applied to substrates like paper, cardboard or other packaging and or marketing materials to help brands differentiate themselves beyond visual mediums.
539:
The trademark consists of the sound of a soprano voice singing wordlessly to the tune represented in the musical score attached to the application. The trademark is demonstrated in the recording accompanying the application
329:
The test and refine phase to where the combination of sound elements are optimized to ensure that they communicate essence, values, and promise of the brand. In this phase, psycho-acoustic research would be conducted, if
1756:
Groves, John (2008): "Sound
Branding – Strategische Entwicklung von Markenklang". Marken-Management 2008/2009, - Jahrbuch für Strategie und Praxis der Markenführung, Henning Meyer (Ed.), Deutscher Fachverlag 2007.
1420:
427:
Different attributes of voice and music, including tempo, tone, pitch and volume, are all taken into account in order to create messaging that reinforce the values conveyed through a company's visual branding.
2044:
163:
660:
motorcycle engines when the goods are in use." Nine of Harley-Davidson's competitors filed oppositions against the application, arguing that cruiser-style motorcycles of various brands use the same crankpin
229:
1525:
1745:
Bronner, Kai / Hirt, Rainer (2007): Audio-Branding. Entwicklung, Anwendung, Wirkung akustischer
Identitäten in Werbung, Medien und Gesellschaft , Verlag Reinhard Fischer, München (German, 2 articles in
1500:
166:, which broadened the legal definition of trademark to encompass "any sign...capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertaking" (article 15(1)).
534:
The trademark consists of the sound of two steps taken by a cow on pavement, followed by the sound of a cow mooing (clip, clop, MOO) as rendered in the recording accompanying the application.
2029:
2149:
1446:
159:. However, it has traditionally been difficult to protect sounds as trademarks through registration, as a sound was not considered to be a 'trademark'. This issue was addressed by the
230:
173:
of such marks sometimes constitutes a problem for trademark owners seeking to protect their marks, and different countries have different methods for dealing with this issue.
2342:
1394:
1168:
1798:
Spitzer, Manfred (2005): Musik im Kopf – Hören, Musizieren, Verstehen und
Erleben im neuronalen Netzwerk, 1. Aufl., 5. Nachdr., New York : Schattauer (German).
1587:
1310:
880:
529:
The trademark is a sound mark. It comprises the sound of dogs barking to the traditional tune "Greensleeves" as rendered in the audio tape accompanying the application.
460:
1416:
771:
297:
Radio and television stations create their own audio identities using melodic themes to strengthen their brand. Notable examples include the short variations of the
1365:
354:
music. On days when French music played, French wines outsold German wines. German wines, however, outsold French ones on days when typical German music was playing.
2218:
2059:
1239:
1218:
1819:
1784:
Kusatz, Herwig (2007): Akustische
Markenführung – Markenwerte gezielt hörbar machen, in: transfer – Werbeforschung & Praxis, 1/2007, S. 50-52.
1504:
2332:
1096:
1750:
988:
2337:
2049:
1466:
1291:
1268:
221:
408:'s 2005 song 'Can I Have It Like That' (featuring Gwen Stefani), with the chorus which echoed the Burger King advertising slogan "Have It Your Way".
2322:
1891:
1332:
2478:
1442:
2414:
2352:
1810:
1772:
1762:
1740:
1018:
2399:
2090:
851:
822:
1074:
322:
The audio touch point analysis phase where all places the brand will come in contact with customers and other stakeholders is identified.
2327:
1767:
Groves, John (2011): "ComMUSICation – From Pavlov's Dog to Sound Branding" (English). Editor: Oak Tree Press, Cork, Ireland, 2011.
1558:
1704:
967:
494:
337:
or ownership of the branding elements or all applicable usage rights, depending on the agreement, are formally transferred to brand.
119:
1964:
1318:
1944:
618:
53:
1386:
1160:
2347:
2233:
1484:
626:
1669:
The Manual Concerning Proceedings Before the Office fort Harmonization in the Internal Market – Part B – Examination
1635:
720:
with a combined moving image and sound mark depicting the RKO Pictures radio tower transmitting a Morse-code like signal; and
100:
1653:
1579:
1193:
872:
231:
57:
763:
72:
1357:
2404:
2125:
1969:
1121:
2213:
582:
1041:
79:
2409:
2394:
2368:
2130:
1934:
1884:
1243:
476:
1214:
2473:
2243:
1959:
705:
421:
1778:
46:
2504:
2075:
1914:
1276:
271:
152:
is used to perform the trademark function of uniquely identifying the commercial origin of products or services.
86:
1608:
2140:
2120:
800:
725:
160:
1849:
1792:
1387:"Audio Branding and Its Importance to Your Personal Brand | Personal Branding Blog - Stand Out In Your Career"
938:
2228:
2095:
1139:
992:
909:
68:
1295:
375:
customers are placed on hold and incorporate short, informative voice messages often accompanied by music.
2499:
2468:
2455:
2440:
2172:
2110:
2085:
2080:
1954:
1877:
1688:
1469:
319:
The audio strategy development phase where the brand essence and other foundational elements is confirmed.
309:
2105:
1735:
Bronner, Kai / Hirt, Rainer (2009): Audio Branding. Brands, Sound and Communication, Nomos, Baden-Baden.
2115:
1989:
796:
1336:
644:. In 1994, the company filed its application with the following description: "The mark consists of the
552:
a recording of the trademark which can be played back on media which is easily and commonly accessible.
2271:
2203:
2157:
2100:
2054:
1949:
743:
721:
681:
472:
341:
Once completed, the audio elements should be managed just like the rest of a company's brand assets.
2373:
2208:
1974:
685:
577:
1014:
265:, brand music, and brand theme. A sound logo (or audio logo or sonic logo) is a short distinctive
2435:
2430:
2256:
2193:
1919:
1835:
959:
843:
814:
588:
This definition generally encompasses sound marks, and therefore an applicant for a CTM may use
1066:
2251:
1924:
1806:
1768:
1758:
1736:
1696:
1115:
417:
405:
1554:
93:
2378:
2261:
2034:
640:
attempted to register as a trademark the distinctive "chug" of a Harley-Davidson motorcycle
622:
589:
2450:
2445:
2266:
2039:
1999:
1675:
1657:
1639:
1488:
1045:
693:
637:
302:
291:
169:
Despite the recognition which must be accorded to sound trademarks in most countries, the
614:
awakened when heard and to be associated with the source or event with which it struck".
436:
found 73 percent of consumers want to hear something more than beeps or silence on hold.
1854:
312:
have also introduced their own audio identities to strengthen their brand recognitions.
2198:
1994:
1979:
1939:
645:
569:
433:
379:
279:
258:
1801:
Steiner, Paul (2009): Sound Branding – Grundlagen der Akustischen Markenführung,
2493:
1984:
1830:
1802:
1189:
662:
601:
290:
attempt to capitalize on its own uniqueness. A good example is the motorcycle brand
1481:
2162:
1729:
1632:
737:
672:
Other companies have been more successful in registering their distinctive sounds:
669:, with no end in sight, in early 2000, Harley-Davidson withdrew their application.
1650:
795:
which sets down minimum standards of protection and regulation for most forms of
228:
2167:
1929:
298:
156:
35:
2223:
677:
666:
649:
358:
249:
17:
1700:
525:
a clear and concise description of the trademark (examples are given below);
2004:
1900:
1818:
Andrew, Diey (2009) Creative Review primer on designing sonics for products
1038:
740: – Element of a hip hop song; short phrase crediting the music producer
701:
597:
237:
145:
1860:
The fresh version of Non-Traditional Trade Mark Archives under publications
1859:
2177:
657:
315:
There are typically four to six steps involved in creating a sound logo:
283:
155:
In recent times, sounds have been increasingly used as trademarks in the
333:
The implementation stage to create the adaptations for each touch point.
1526:"Hanging on the telephone: How did we end up with Handel tinkling down"
713:
383:
beeps or silence and 76 percent preferred to hear something other than
2297:
1865:
Article on the registration of sound trademarks in the European Union
792:
653:
641:
305:
266:
262:
1417:"Seventy per cent of consumers put on hold for longer than a minute"
286:
logo composed by Sixième Son, who also composed the "Samsung Tune".
1864:
2292:
930:
873:"How Audio Enhances Your Brand Content: Find Your Signature Sound"
689:
593:
384:
275:
164:
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
149:
2302:
1869:
1135:
901:
630:
1873:
1815:
Treasure, Julian (2007): Sound Business, Management Books 2000.
717:
709:
697:
673:
443:
29:
1215:"Une identité sonore pour Roland-Garros (Agence Sixième Son)"
522:
a graphic representation of the mark (e.g. "CLIP CLOP MOO");
210:
1358:"How Audio Branding Can Help Define Your Business Culture"
432:
will hang up within 60 seconds, while further research by
257:
The sound logo (or audio mnemonic) is one of the tools of
1161:"News and Advice | Yahoo's Aabaco Small Business Advisor"
716:
and the spoken letters "AT&T" accompanied by music;
222:
Wikimedia sound trademark (The Sound of Human Knowledge)
468:
960:"Michelin audio identity - Sixième Son Audio Branding"
440:
Registration of sound marks in different jurisdictions
592:
to graphically represent their trademark. A piece of
1060:
1058:
813:
Minsky, Laurence; Fahey, Colleen (7 February 2014).
416:
Audio marketing, also known as on-hold marketing or
2423:
2387:
2361:
2315:
2285:
2242:
2186:
2148:
2139:
2068:
2022:
1907:
1850:
International Sound Awards: What is Audio Branding?
665:which produces the same sound. After six years of
424:systems designed to handle large volumes of calls.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1065:Rosen, William; Minsky, Laurence (July 28, 2011).
692:and the three-second chord sequence used with the
617:This was the fairly strict test applied by the US
558:trademarks Office Manual of Practice and Procedure
378:A study commissioned by audio branding specialist
1651:Sieckmann v German Patent Office (case C-273/00)
1311:"Six Steps to Creating a Successful Audio Brand"
1004:Communicate magazine 'Sonic Branding' July 2010.
274:logo and ringtone composed by Lance Massey, the
1097:"The 4 Steps To Getting A Brilliant Sound Logo"
2060:Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
1885:
1633:Shield mark B.V. v Joost Kist (case C-283/01)
457:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1467:United States Patent & Trademark Office.
1689:"Harley-Davidson Quits Trying to Hog Sound"
2145:
1892:
1878:
1870:
1294:. The Marketer. 2012-08-07. Archived from
1103:. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08
1419:. freshbusinessthinking.com. 2012-06-30.
1136:"Sixième Son USA - Audio Branding Agency"
495:Learn how and when to remove this message
240:'s sound logo, an example of a sound logo
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
764:"Michaël Boumendil, la boîte à musiques"
629:560, in relation to the timed toll of a
1855:The Non-Traditional Trade Mark Archives
1262:
1260:
755:
576:of 20 December 1993 ("signs of which a
1831:"A Quacking Kazoo Sets Off a Squabble"
1292:"Audio branding: the sound of success"
1113:
1067:"Six Steps to Successful Sponsorships"
556:Other requirements are set out in the
371:something about the user themselves).
308:. In recent years, television station
247:
366:Branding sound technology and devices
7:
1555:"The Importance of On-Hold Messages"
1333:"Unibail Rodamco | Sixième Son"
1240:"The French Open | Sixième Son"
724:with the famous fanfare composed by
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2328:International Trademark Association
1732:. Publisher: Radiozentrale Germany.
1445:. smallbusiness.co.uk. 2012-06-29.
1309:Minsky, Laurence (April 11, 2014).
1791:Ringe, C. (2005): Audio Branding,
844:"What Does Your Brand Sound Like?"
815:"What Does Your Brand Sound Like?"
25:
1267:Minsky, Laurence (July 9, 2014).
574:Council Regulation (EC) No. 40-94
2013:
1052:, URL accessed September 3, 2010
619:Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
448:
395:Other forms of sound in branding
248:Problems playing this file? See
226:
34:
2348:Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt
2234:Protected designation of origin
1779:Sonic Branding: An Introduction
1707:from the original on 2016-09-12
1590:from the original on 2016-04-05
1580:"Customers perennially on hold"
1561:from the original on 2017-02-04
1536:from the original on 2016-03-07
1449:from the original on 2012-07-03
1443:"Customers perennially on hold"
1423:from the original on 2013-06-26
1397:from the original on 2016-11-09
1368:from the original on 2016-03-24
1221:from the original on 2014-08-01
1196:from the original on 2013-04-03
1171:from the original on 2014-08-12
1142:from the original on 2017-07-13
1077:from the original on 2014-08-18
1021:from the original on 2015-02-22
970:from the original on 2015-03-05
941:from the original on 2017-07-08
912:from the original on 2017-07-13
883:from the original on 2017-07-30
854:from the original on 2014-10-10
825:from the original on 2014-10-10
774:from the original on 2015-07-07
357:British department store chain
45:needs additional citations for
1609:"Trade Marks Examiners Manual"
1095:Asbjoern (September 6, 2012).
1:
2379:Unregistered trademark symbol
2214:Electronic registration marks
1833:article by Jesse McKinley in
1749:Communicate magazine (2010):
1315:Data-Driven Marketing Network
1273:Data-Driven Marketing Network
680:; famous basketball team the
596:—a tune, or a ring tone on a
1391:www.personalbrandingblog.com
583:Shield Mark BV vs Joost Kist
2369:Registered trademark symbol
1687:O'DELL, JOHN (2000-06-21).
877:Content Marketing Institute
801:member countries of the WTO
676:and their lion's roar; the
471:, discuss the issue on the
2521:
1960:Initial interest confusion
1613:manuals.ipaustralia.gov.au
1470:Registered patent - Botski
964:Sixième Son Audio Branding
906:Sixième Son Audio Branding
791:TRIPs is an international
706:Federal Signal Corporation
422:interactive voice response
345:Environmental sound design
2464:
2011:
1120:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1777:Jackson, Daniel (2004):
1728:Cornelius Ringe (2020):
1190:"Bentley Continental GT"
708:and the sound of their "
560:issued by IP Australia.
171:graphical representation
161:World Trade Organization
2229:Geographical indication
1753:, Cravenhill Publishing
1071:Harvard Business Review
935:www.musikvergnuegen.com
848:Harvard Business Review
819:Harvard Business Review
2469:Category:Trademark law
2456:World Trademark Review
2441:Trademark infringement
2173:Unregistered trademark
1955:Functionality doctrine
1501:"Communicate Magazine"
1482:MP3 file of sound logo
989:"Communicate Magazine"
684:and their theme song "
625:Broadcasting Co., 199
513:Graphic representation
215:
2204:Collective trademarks
1990:Reputation parasitism
1945:Coexistence agreement
1793:VDM Verlag Dr. MĂĽller
1781:, Palgrave Macmillan.
1472:. Retrieved 2/27/21.
1269:"Sounds Speeds Sight"
797:intellectual property
648:sound of applicant's
214:
2209:Defensive trademarks
2158:Registered trademark
2055:Community Trade Mark
2005:Well-known trademark
1950:Confusing similarity
1730:Audio Branding Guide
744:Music in advertising
722:20th Century Studios
712:" fire truck siren;
682:Harlem Globetrotters
477:create a new article
469:improve this article
459:may not represent a
54:improve this article
2415:Washington Redskins
2374:Service mark symbol
2257:Hologram trademarks
2194:Certification marks
1975:Secondary liability
1965:Good faith doctrine
1393:. 24 October 2013.
1101:The Sound Logo Blog
1050:imagedissectors.com
686:Sweet Georgia Brown
578:Community trademark
2436:Trademark examiner
2431:Trademark attorney
1836:The New York Times
1795:, Berlin (German).
1674:2015-04-03 at the
1656:2015-09-23 at the
1638:2005-04-29 at the
1487:2009-05-10 at the
1321:on August 6, 2014.
1279:on August 6, 2014.
1044:2013-02-14 at the
216:
27:Auditory trademark
2487:
2486:
2479:WP:MOS/Trademarks
2311:
2310:
2262:Motion trademarks
2252:Colour trademarks
1925:Generic trademark
1811:978-3-8349-1639-6
1773:978-1-78119-000-5
1763:978-3-86641-121-0
1741:978-3-8329-4352-3
1693:Los Angeles Times
1362:Women on Business
931:"Musikvergnuegen"
902:"Sixième Son USA"
505:
504:
497:
479:, as appropriate.
418:on-hold messaging
406:Pharrell Williams
278:logo composed by
261:, along with the
232:
198:acoustic branding
130:
129:
122:
104:
69:"Sound trademark"
16:(Redirected from
2512:
2505:Sound trademarks
2277:Sound trademarks
2272:Shape trademarks
2267:Scent trademarks
2244:Non-conventional
2146:
2050:Singapore Treaty
2035:Madrid Agreement
2030:Paris Convention
2017:
2016:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1871:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1684:
1678:
1666:
1660:
1648:
1642:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1503:. Archived from
1497:
1491:
1479:
1473:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1335:. Archived from
1329:
1323:
1322:
1317:. Archived from
1306:
1300:
1299:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1275:. Archived from
1264:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1242:. Archived from
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1062:
1053:
1039:Audio Identities
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1011:
1005:
1003:
1001:
1000:
991:. Archived from
985:
979:
978:
976:
975:
956:
950:
949:
947:
946:
927:
921:
920:
918:
917:
898:
892:
891:
889:
888:
869:
863:
862:
860:
859:
840:
834:
833:
831:
830:
810:
804:
789:
783:
782:
780:
779:
760:
623:General Electric
605:electronically.
590:musical notation
500:
493:
489:
486:
480:
452:
451:
444:
234:
233:
213:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2460:
2451:Trademark troll
2446:Trademark share
2419:
2383:
2357:
2307:
2281:
2238:
2199:Chartered marks
2182:
2135:
2064:
2040:Madrid Protocol
2018:
2014:
2009:
2000:Parallel import
1915:Distinctiveness
1903:
1898:
1846:
1827:
1825:Further reading
1725:
1720:
1719:
1710:
1708:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1676:Wayback Machine
1667:
1663:
1658:Wayback Machine
1649:
1645:
1640:Wayback Machine
1631:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1593:
1591:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1530:The Independent
1524:
1523:
1519:
1510:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1489:Wayback Machine
1480:
1476:
1465:
1461:
1452:
1450:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1424:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1400:
1398:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1369:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1249:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1222:
1217:. 21 May 2014.
1213:
1212:
1208:
1199:
1197:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1046:Wayback Machine
1037:
1033:
1024:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1008:
998:
996:
987:
986:
982:
973:
971:
958:
957:
953:
944:
942:
929:
928:
924:
915:
913:
900:
899:
895:
886:
884:
871:
870:
866:
857:
855:
842:
841:
837:
828:
826:
812:
811:
807:
790:
786:
777:
775:
762:
761:
757:
752:
734:
638:Harley-Davidson
636:More famously,
633:'s bell clock.
621:in the case of
611:
572:, Article 4 of
566:
515:
510:
501:
490:
484:
481:
466:
453:
449:
442:
414:
412:Audio marketing
397:
368:
347:
292:Harley-Davidson
255:
254:
246:
244:
243:
242:
241:
235:
227:
224:
217:
211:
206:
184:(also known as
179:
134:sound trademark
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2518:
2516:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2400:Debian–Mozilla
2397:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2219:Font trademark
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2126:United Kingdom
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2091:European Union
2088:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1995:Cybersquatting
1992:
1987:
1982:
1980:Nominative use
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1940:Priority right
1937:
1935:Concurrent use
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1845:
1844:External links
1842:
1841:
1840:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1799:
1796:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1775:
1765:
1754:
1751:Sonic Branding
1747:
1743:
1733:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1679:
1661:
1643:
1625:
1600:
1586:. 2012-06-29.
1584:Small Business
1571:
1546:
1532:. 2014-09-11.
1517:
1492:
1474:
1459:
1433:
1407:
1378:
1364:. 2013-08-21.
1349:
1324:
1301:
1298:on 2012-12-26.
1282:
1256:
1231:
1206:
1181:
1165:Small Business
1152:
1127:
1087:
1054:
1031:
1015:"CMO by Adobe"
1006:
980:
951:
922:
893:
879:. 2013-11-08.
864:
835:
805:
784:
754:
753:
751:
748:
747:
746:
741:
733:
730:
652:, produced by
610:
607:
570:European Union
565:
564:European Union
562:
554:
553:
550:
549:
548:
542:
536:
531:
523:
514:
511:
509:
506:
503:
502:
463:of the subject
461:worldwide view
456:
454:
447:
441:
438:
413:
410:
396:
393:
367:
364:
346:
343:
339:
338:
334:
331:
327:
323:
320:
280:Walter Werzowa
259:sound branding
245:
236:
225:
220:
219:
218:
209:
208:
207:
205:
202:
194:sonic branding
190:music branding
186:audio branding
182:Sound branding
178:
177:Sound branding
175:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
18:Sonic branding
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2517:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:Trademark law
2498:
2497:
2495:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2131:United States
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:Disparagement
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:Trademark law
1895:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1805:, Wiesbaden,
1804:
1803:Gabler Verlag
1800:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1507:on 2015-07-07
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1339:on 2014-03-01
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1246:on 2014-06-07
1245:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
995:on 2013-04-08
994:
990:
984:
981:
969:
965:
961:
955:
952:
940:
936:
932:
926:
923:
911:
907:
903:
897:
894:
882:
878:
874:
868:
865:
853:
849:
845:
839:
836:
824:
820:
816:
809:
806:
802:
798:
794:
788:
785:
773:
770:(in French).
769:
768:Libération.fr
765:
759:
756:
749:
745:
742:
739:
736:
735:
731:
729:
727:
726:Alfred Newman
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
663:V-twin engine
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
609:United States
608:
606:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
579:
575:
571:
563:
561:
559:
551:
547:
543:
541:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
524:
521:
520:
519:
512:
507:
499:
496:
488:
485:December 2010
478:
474:
470:
464:
462:
455:
446:
445:
439:
437:
435:
429:
425:
423:
419:
411:
409:
407:
401:
394:
392:
388:
386:
381:
376:
372:
365:
363:
360:
355:
351:
344:
342:
335:
332:
328:
324:
321:
318:
317:
316:
313:
311:
307:
304:
300:
295:
293:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
264:
260:
253:
251:
239:
223:
203:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
176:
174:
172:
167:
165:
162:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2276:
2187:Non-standard
2163:Service mark
1839:June 2, 2009
1834:
1709:. Retrieved
1692:
1682:
1664:
1646:
1628:
1616:. Retrieved
1612:
1603:
1592:. Retrieved
1583:
1574:
1563:. Retrieved
1549:
1538:. Retrieved
1529:
1520:
1509:. Retrieved
1505:the original
1495:
1477:
1462:
1451:. Retrieved
1436:
1425:. Retrieved
1410:
1399:. Retrieved
1390:
1381:
1370:. Retrieved
1361:
1352:
1341:. Retrieved
1337:the original
1327:
1319:the original
1314:
1304:
1296:the original
1285:
1277:the original
1272:
1248:. Retrieved
1244:the original
1234:
1223:. Retrieved
1209:
1198:. Retrieved
1184:
1173:. Retrieved
1164:
1155:
1144:. Retrieved
1130:
1105:. Retrieved
1100:
1090:
1079:. Retrieved
1070:
1049:
1034:
1023:. Retrieved
1009:
997:. Retrieved
993:the original
983:
972:. Retrieved
963:
954:
943:. Retrieved
934:
925:
914:. Retrieved
905:
896:
885:. Retrieved
876:
867:
856:. Retrieved
847:
838:
827:. Retrieved
818:
808:
787:
776:. Retrieved
767:
758:
738:Producer tag
671:
635:
616:
612:
587:
573:
567:
557:
555:
546:application.
544:
538:
533:
528:
516:
491:
482:
458:
430:
426:
415:
402:
398:
389:
377:
373:
369:
356:
352:
348:
340:
314:
296:
288:
256:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:
170:
168:
154:
141:
137:
133:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2405:Stolichnaya
2224:Ghost marks
2168:Trade dress
2121:Philippines
1930:Passing off
696:processor;
650:motorcycles
299:BBC Radio 2
204:Sound logos
157:marketplace
2494:Categories
1723:References
1711:2017-07-13
1594:2017-07-13
1565:2017-07-13
1540:2017-07-13
1511:2015-07-06
1453:2012-07-03
1427:2012-07-03
1401:2017-07-13
1372:2017-07-13
1343:2014-07-31
1250:2014-07-31
1225:2014-07-31
1200:2012-10-03
1175:2017-07-13
1146:2017-07-13
1107:2017-07-13
1081:2017-07-13
1025:2014-07-31
999:2012-10-03
974:2017-07-13
945:2017-07-13
916:2017-07-13
887:2017-07-13
858:2017-07-13
829:2017-07-13
778:2017-07-13
678:NBC chimes
667:litigation
359:Selfridges
303:Classic FM
250:media help
142:audio logo
138:sound logo
80:newspapers
2474:Case laws
2410:Ugg boots
2395:Budweiser
2096:Hong Kong
2076:Australia
1746:English).
1701:0458-3035
702:Deep Note
700:and its "
656:, common
598:telephone
508:Australia
473:talk page
282:, or the
238:Wikimedia
146:trademark
2388:Disputes
2178:Wordmark
2150:Standard
2023:Treaties
1970:Fair use
1920:Dilution
1908:Concepts
1705:Archived
1672:Archived
1654:Archived
1636:Archived
1588:Archived
1559:Archived
1534:Archived
1485:Archived
1447:Archived
1421:Archived
1395:Archived
1366:Archived
1289:Article
1219:Archived
1194:Archived
1169:Archived
1140:Archived
1116:cite web
1075:Archived
1042:Archived
1019:Archived
968:Archived
939:Archived
910:Archived
881:Archived
852:Archived
823:Archived
772:Archived
732:See also
714:AT&T
658:crankpin
467:You may
284:Michelin
272:T-Mobile
110:May 2009
2424:Related
2362:Symbols
2286:Related
2106:Ireland
2069:Country
1618:23 July
1440:Article
1414:Article
799:in all
694:Pentium
646:exhaust
568:In the
330:needed.
326:values.
306:jingles
94:scholar
2316:Bodies
2298:Emblem
2081:Canada
1809:
1771:
1761:
1739:
1699:
793:treaty
654:V-twin
642:engine
310:idents
267:melody
263:jingle
148:where
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2343:ICANN
2338:USPTO
2333:EUIPO
2293:Brand
2141:Types
2111:Japan
2101:India
2086:China
2045:TRIPS
750:Notes
690:Intel
594:music
540:form.
475:, or
385:Muzak
276:Intel
150:sound
144:is a
140:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
2353:CIPO
2323:WIPO
2303:Logo
2116:Oman
1807:ISBN
1788:Main
1769:ISBN
1759:ISBN
1737:ISBN
1697:ISSN
1620:2018
1122:link
631:ship
627:USPQ
602:surf
434:PHMG
380:PHMG
73:news
1048:at
718:RKO
710:Q2B
704:";
698:THX
688:";
674:MGM
301:or
56:by
2496::
1703:.
1695:.
1691:.
1611:.
1582:.
1557:.
1528:.
1389:.
1360:.
1313:.
1271:.
1259:^
1192:.
1167:.
1163:.
1138:.
1118:}}
1114:{{
1099:.
1073:.
1069:.
1057:^
1017:.
966:.
962:.
937:.
933:.
908:.
904:.
875:.
850:.
846:.
821:.
817:.
766:.
728:.
387:.
196:,
192:,
188:,
136:,
132:A
1893:e
1886:t
1879:v
1714:.
1622:.
1597:.
1568:.
1543:.
1514:.
1456:.
1430:.
1404:.
1375:.
1346:.
1253:.
1228:.
1203:.
1178:.
1149:.
1124:)
1110:.
1084:.
1028:.
1002:.
977:.
948:.
919:.
890:.
861:.
832:.
803:.
781:.
498:)
492:(
487:)
483:(
465:.
252:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
