119:
22:
179:
as a means for locals to convey information, such as troop movements, to
British intelligence. From 1940 onwards, hundreds of pigeon cases were parachuted into Europe, each case including – apart from the pigeon – sheets of very thin paper, a special pencil and a tube for storing the message, as well
203:
by dropping pigeons of their own. These pigeon cases, accompanied by a packet of
English cigarettes, were purporting to be British also and carried instructions to communicate the names of the local patriots to the Allies. The
211:
Despite such interference, the operation was reported to have been remarkably successful, yielding useful intelligence in over fifty percent of the received messages. 31
304:
208:, for its part, let it be known that the best way to deal with these false birds would be to smoke the cigarettes and eat the pigeons.
286:
105:
39:
249:
86:
43:
223:
files relating to it were released in 2007. However the method and a few actual cases were described in some detail in Dr
58:
65:
220:
32:
72:
118:
54:
153:
253:
297:
Operation
Columba: The Secret Pigeon Service—The Untold Story of World War II Resistance in Europe
319:
196:
300:
282:
219:, the highest British military decoration for animals. The operation became public only after
79:
181:
185:
164:
135:
313:
205:
150:
216:
168:
157:
176:
21:
224:
142:
189:
172:
199:, German counterintelligence sought to counteract (or co-opt)
15:
188:
instructions on how to fill in a report. A recent copy of a
299:. Gordon Corera. New York, NY : William Morrow, 2018,
279:
Most Secret War: British
Scientific Intelligence 1939–1945
291:
The Wizard War: British
Scientific Intelligence 1939–1945
192:
newspaper was also included as proof of good faith.
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
281:. R.V. Jones. Hamish Hamilton, London, 1978.
122:Homing pigeons such as these served with the
8:
250:"Documents reveal role of 'winged spies'"
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:
240:
130:According to a 2007 newspaper report,
7:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
14:
215:pigeons eventually received the
20:
195:In 1944, prior to the imminent
31:needs additional citations for
1:
248:Ben Fenton (March 20, 2007).
147:Confidential Pigeon Service
124:Confidential Pigeon Service
336:
289:(Published in the U.S. as
163:It involved air-dropping
227:' autobiographical book
167:behind enemy lines in
154:intelligence gathering
127:
121:
149:, an unconventional
141:, "pigeon") was the
40:improve this article
254:The Daily Telegraph
128:
305:978-0-06-266707-6
221:National Archives
116:
115:
108:
90:
327:
266:
264:
262:
260:
245:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
55:"Source Columba"
48:
24:
16:
335:
334:
330:
329:
328:
326:
325:
324:
310:
309:
275:
273:Further reading
270:
269:
258:
256:
247:
246:
242:
237:
229:Most Secret War
197:Allied invasion
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
333:
331:
323:
322:
312:
311:
308:
307:
294:
274:
271:
268:
267:
265:March 20, 2007
239:
238:
236:
233:
213:Source Columba
201:Source Columba
165:homing pigeons
132:Source Columba
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
332:
321:
318:
317:
315:
306:
302:
298:
295:
292:
288:
287:0-241-89746-7
284:
280:
277:
276:
272:
255:
251:
244:
241:
234:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
209:
207:
202:
198:
193:
191:
187:
183:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
159:
156:operation in
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:
133:
125:
120:
110:
107:
99:
96:February 2013
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
296:
290:
278:
257:. Retrieved
243:
228:
217:Dickin Medal
212:
210:
200:
194:
162:
158:World War II
146:
138:
131:
129:
123:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
177:Netherlands
252:. London:
235:References
225:R.V. Jones
206:RĂ©sistance
171:-occupied
66:newspapers
320:Espionage
259:April 24,
231:in 1978.
143:code name
314:Category
175:and the
145:for the
151:British
139:columba
80:scholar
303:
285:
190:London
182:French
173:France
169:German
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
186:Dutch
136:Latin
87:JSTOR
73:books
301:ISBN
283:ISBN
261:2012
184:and
59:news
180:as
42:by
316::
160:.
293:)
263:.
134:(
126:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.