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as a means for locals to convey information, such as troop movements, to British intelligence. From 1940 onwards, hundreds of pigeon cases were parachuted into Europe, each case including – apart from the pigeon – sheets of very thin paper, a special pencil and a tube for storing the message, as well
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by dropping pigeons of their own. These pigeon cases, accompanied by a packet of English cigarettes, were purporting to be British also and carried instructions to communicate the names of the local patriots to the Allies. The
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Despite such interference, the operation was reported to have been remarkably successful, yielding useful intelligence in over fifty percent of the received messages. 31
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files relating to it were released in 2007. However the method and a few actual cases were described in some detail in Dr
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Operation Columba: The Secret Pigeon Service—The Untold Story of World War II Resistance in Europe
319: 196: 300: 282: 219:, the highest British military decoration for animals. The operation became public only after 79: 181: 185: 164: 135: 313: 205: 150: 216: 168: 157: 176: 21: 224: 142: 189: 172: 199:, German counterintelligence sought to counteract (or co-opt) 15: 188:
instructions on how to fill in a report. A recent copy of a
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Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence 1939–1945
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The Wizard War: British Scientific Intelligence 1939–1945
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newspaper was also included as proof of good faith.
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 281:. R.V. Jones. Hamish Hamilton, London, 1978. 122:Homing pigeons such as these served with the 8: 250:"Documents reveal role of 'winged spies'" 106:Learn how and when to remove this message 117: 240: 130:According to a 2007 newspaper report, 7: 44:adding citations to reliable sources 14: 215:pigeons eventually received the 20: 195:In 1944, prior to the imminent 31:needs additional citations for 1: 248:Ben Fenton (March 20, 2007). 147:Confidential Pigeon Service 124:Confidential Pigeon Service 336: 289:(Published in the U.S. as 163:It involved air-dropping 227:' autobiographical book 167:behind enemy lines in 154:intelligence gathering 127: 121: 149:, an unconventional 141:, "pigeon") was the 40:improve this article 254:The Daily Telegraph 128: 305:978-0-06-266707-6 221:National Archives 116: 115: 108: 90: 327: 266: 264: 262: 260: 245: 111: 104: 100: 97: 91: 89: 55:"Source Columba" 48: 24: 16: 335: 334: 330: 329: 328: 326: 325: 324: 310: 309: 275: 273:Further reading 270: 269: 258: 256: 247: 246: 242: 237: 229:Most Secret War 197:Allied invasion 112: 101: 95: 92: 49: 47: 37: 25: 12: 11: 5: 333: 331: 323: 322: 312: 311: 308: 307: 294: 274: 271: 268: 267: 265:March 20, 2007 239: 238: 236: 233: 213:Source Columba 201:Source Columba 165:homing pigeons 132:Source Columba 114: 113: 28: 26: 19: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 332: 321: 318: 317: 315: 306: 302: 298: 295: 292: 288: 287:0-241-89746-7 284: 280: 277: 276: 272: 255: 251: 244: 241: 234: 232: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 209: 207: 202: 198: 193: 191: 187: 183: 178: 174: 170: 166: 161: 159: 156:operation in 155: 152: 148: 144: 140: 137: 133: 125: 120: 110: 107: 99: 96:February 2013 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: 67: 64: 60: 57: â€“  56: 52: 51:Find sources: 45: 41: 35: 34: 29:This article 27: 23: 18: 17: 296: 290: 278: 257:. Retrieved 243: 228: 217:Dickin Medal 212: 210: 200: 194: 162: 158:World War II 146: 138: 131: 129: 123: 102: 93: 83: 76: 69: 62: 50: 38:Please help 33:verification 30: 177:Netherlands 252:. London: 235:References 225:R.V. Jones 206:RĂ©sistance 171:-occupied 66:newspapers 320:Espionage 259:April 24, 231:in 1978. 143:code name 314:Category 175:and the 145:for the 151:British 139:columba 80:scholar 303:  285:  190:London 182:French 173:France 169:German 82:  75:  68:  61:  53:  186:Dutch 136:Latin 87:JSTOR 73:books 301:ISBN 283:ISBN 261:2012 184:and 59:news 180:as 42:by 316:: 160:. 293:) 263:. 134:( 126:. 109:) 103:( 98:) 94:( 84:· 77:· 70:· 63:· 36:.

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"Source Columba"
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Learn how and when to remove this message

Latin
code name
British
intelligence gathering
World War II
homing pigeons
German
France
Netherlands
French
Dutch
London
Allied invasion
RĂ©sistance
Dickin Medal
National Archives
R.V. Jones
"Documents reveal role of 'winged spies'"

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