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446:, won the remaining 1 seat, yet with a 24% share of voters. Allegations of vote fraud soon surfaced, and after a failed lawsuit by the opposition parties, widespread rioting broke out. In addition the new government lacked support in key areas of the military, police and civil service, facing rebellion in the army. Under President
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In
November 1998 the opposition parties accepted an agreement where the LCD government would be restored to power in return for the establishment of the Independent Political Authority (IPA). The IPA was constituted of 2 members of each of the 12 parties that participated in the 1998 election and was
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was able to carry out their constitutional duties. The last South
African troops were pulled out in May 1999 after seven months of occupation. The LCD and IPA after significant negotiation reached an agreement on electoral reform in December 1999, thus the elections had to be postponed. A
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South Africa was accused in some quarters of using its military and diplomatic superiority as a regional hegemon to dominate and meddle in the internal affairs of its much smaller, weaker enclave in order to further its own strategic interests, in particular
571:, with elections to be held at the latest in May 2001. However, further disagreements between the government and IPA, and administrative issues led to the elections being again postponed until 2002. This MMP system saw success in the
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tasked with reforming
Lesotho's electoral system with new elections planned for 1999. During this time it was also agreed that SADC forces would remain in Lesotho until the
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Widespread arson, violence, and looting occurred despite the presence of SADC soldiers. The central business district of the capital,
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Lesotho) announced it would create a SADC commission to determine the allegations of corruption. Led by South
African judge,
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537:. South Africa is the largest economic and military power in the SADC. Despite this, many influential powers such as the
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567:(MMP) electoral system was introduced in Lesotho seeking to amend the distortions in representation caused by the prior
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soldiers were also deployed. The operation was described as an "intervention to restore democracy and the
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supported the SADC intervention in
Lesotho as an "appropriate assumption of regional responsibility".
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765:"South African military intervention in Lesotho - A critical overview | Siyabonga Hadebe"
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462:, the commission's report stated there was no evidence of electoral malpractice or fraud.
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718:"Remembering the moment that SA soldiers marched into Lesotho - The Mail & Guardian"
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In light of the rising crisis and lack of support from elements of the state, the
737:. Bloemfontein: South African Armour Association. 18 October 2009. Archived from
493:(SANDF) to Lesotho on 22 September 1998 to quell the rioting and maintain order.
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732:"Customs, Traditions, History, and Insignia of the South African Armoured Corps"
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871:"Military Intervention in Lesotho: Perspectives on Operation Boleas and Beyond"
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ruling party, the LCD, sent a plea for military assistance to South Africa and
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442:(LCD) Party, which won 79 out of 80 seats. The main opposition party, the
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Standard
Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)
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serving as acting president. Mandela approved the deployment of the
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830:"An unlikely success: South Africa and Lesotho's election of 2002"
791:"An unlikely success: South Africa and Lesotho's election of 2002"
663:"An unlikely success: South Africa and Lesotho's election of 2002"
4092:
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2017:
884:
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in
Lesotho resulted in an overwhelming majority for the ruling
18:
875:
OJPCR: The Online
Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution
644:"'A fractious lot': Anatomy of (another) coup in Lesotho"
485:
were out of South Africa, with Home
Affairs Minister
478:. At the time of the intervention, both Mandela and
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
612:"South Africa invades Lesotho - Green Left Weekly"
606:
604:
602:
600:
454:-led government in South Africa (which completely
2833:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
501:". The SANDF contingent included a squadron of
125:
4717:"Bring Him Back Home (Nelson Mandela)" (song)
4212:Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa
4108:
2029:
896:
8:
4445:Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
4511:Mandela: Son of Africa, Father of a Nation
4143:President of the African National Congress
4115:
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2036:
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2014:
1906:
1547:
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903:
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426:to quell unrest after the 1998 elections.
410:, was a military invasion launched by the
122:
509:armoured fighting vehicles seconded from
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
4297:Reconstruction and Development Programme
2906:Reconstruction and Development Programme
1052:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
4370:Dare Not Linger: The Presidential Years
2502:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
1594:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)
1269:2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis
596:
58:"South African intervention in Lesotho"
4831:Southern African Development Community
2983:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
412:Southern African Development Community
1783:South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict
1704:2012–2013 Tana River District clashes
834:The Journal of Modern African Studies
795:The Journal of Modern African Studies
667:The Journal of Modern African Studies
404:South African intervention in Lesotho
7:
4435:Nelson Mandela International Airport
4340:"I Am Prepared to Die" (1964 speech)
763:Hadebe, Siyabonga (1 January 1970).
701:"The flawed visionary of New Africa"
491:South African National Defence Force
420:South African National Defence Force
325:South African National Defence Force
47:adding citations to reliable sources
4302:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2913:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2559:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
1873:Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
1824:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
1340:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
4460:Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital
1588:Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict
1124:Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria
138:22 September 1998 – May 1999
14:
4354:Mandela: The Authorised Biography
4065:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
3700:South African Party (Cape Colony)
1818:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
1522:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
4773:
4772:
4257:state memorial service attendees
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1648:2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention
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3714:South African Party (1977–1980)
3707:South African Party (1911–1934)
3623:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
3420:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
1665:Piracy off the coast of Somalia
828:Southall, Roger (20 May 2003).
789:Southall, Roger (20 May 2003).
661:Southall, Roger (20 May 2003).
34:needs additional citations for
4816:Lesotho–South Africa relations
4425:Nelson Mandela Challenge Plate
4227:Nelson Mandela Children's Fund
4134:18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013
3032:2019 service delivery protests
3018:#FeesMustFall student protests
2763:1983 constitutional referendum
440:Lesotho Congress for Democracy
343:Pro-opposition faction of the
314:Pro-government faction of the
184:Lesotho Congress for Democracy
1:
4692:International Tribute Concert
4559:Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
3490:Johannesburg Reform Committee
2719:Israel–South Africa Agreement
2112:
2097:
2074:
2067:
1966:2014 Lesotho political crisis
1923:RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)
1087:Communal conflicts in Nigeria
4702:"Free Nelson Mandela" (song)
4307:Constitution of South Africa
4292:Government of National Unity
3145:Black Consciousness Movement
2899:Government of National Unity
1960:SADC intervention in Lesotho
1563:OLA insurgency, 2018–present
1517:Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon)
1274:ECOWAS military intervention
994:2011–2014 factional violence
650:. South Africa. 3 July 2015.
126:SADC intervention in Lesotho
16:1998–1999 military operation
4801:Wars involving South Africa
4430:Nelson Mandela Invitational
4175:1955 Congress of the People
2856:Saint James Church massacre
2742:Weapons of mass destruction
1637:Puntland–Somaliland dispute
1493:Insurgency in Northern Chad
511:1 Special Service Battalion
4847:
4735:Cape Town City Hall statue
4410:Mandela Rhodes Scholarship
4400:Nelson Mandela Institution
4165:Mandela and Tambo law firm
2596:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
2474:South West Africa campaign
2373:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
2338:French Huguenot settlement
1928:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado
1749:Abyei conflict (2022–2023)
1604:Benishangul-Gumuz conflict
1470:Djotodia period, 2013–2014
1281:Western Togoland Rebellion
626:"SANDF's chaotic invasion"
369:2,000+ rebellious soldiers
4811:Invasions by South Africa
4768:
4680:African National Congress
4609:Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
4470:Nelson Mandela University
4362:Conversations With Myself
4137:President of South Africa
4130:
4074:
4051:African National Congress
3511:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
2849:1992 apartheid referendum
1765:Second Sudanese Civil War
846:10.1017/s0022278x03004233
807:10.1017/s0022278x03004233
679:10.1017/s0022278x03004233
565:Mixed Member Proportional
373:
350:
303:
258:
253:
160:
130:
4591:Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa
4450:Mandela National Stadium
4420:Nelson Mandela Challenge
4222:Mandela House and museum
3504:Labour Party (1969–1994)
3497:Labour Party (1910–1958)
3053:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
3011:#RhodesMustFall protests
2610:1960 republic referendum
1868:2008 invasion of Anjouan
1465:Civil War (2012–present)
1434:Pool Department conflict
543:United States of America
4806:Wars involving Botswana
4755:Washington, D.C. statue
4317:Intervention in Lesotho
4252:Death and state funeral
3949:terrorist organisations
3039:2019 Johannesburg riots
2652:Constructive engagement
2617:International isolation
2435:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
1863:Hanish Islands conflict
1400:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
1251:Guinea-Bissau Civil War
1093:Herder–farmer conflicts
1017:Western Sahara conflict
524:International reactions
436:parliamentary elections
4633:Zenani Mandela-Dlamini
2962:Attack on Kennedy Road
2573:Congress of the People
2164:South African Republic
1686:Somali–Kenyan conflict
1582:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
1576:Second Afar insurgency
1183:Sierra Leone Civil War
495:Botswana Defence Force
444:Basotho National Party
393:11 killed, 17+ wounded
334:Botswana Defence Force
254:Commanders and leaders
246:Basotho National Party
4455:Nelson Mandela Bridge
4440:Nelson Mandela Square
4242:90th Birthday Tribute
4237:70th Birthday Tribute
4207:Victor Verster Prison
3532:Natal Indian Congress
3252:Afrikaner Broederbond
3106:Afrikaner nationalism
2892:1994 general election
2863:Bophuthatswana crisis
2756:Church Street bombing
2536:Apartheid legislation
2529:1948 general election
2449:South Africa Act 1909
2244:Union of South Africa
2064:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
2044:Political history of
1945:Bophuthatswana crisis
1609:Oromia–Somali clashes
1528:Boko Haram insurgency
1488:Civil War (2005–2010)
1105:Boko Haram insurgency
1028:Clashes, 2020–present
560:Lesotho Defence Force
533:to its economic hub,
374:Casualties and losses
345:Lesotho Defence Force
316:Lesotho Defence Force
173:Government of Lesotho
4707:"Mandela Day" (song)
4519:Mandela and de Klerk
4465:Ponts Nelson-Mandela
4395:Nelson Mandela Forum
4346:Long Walk to Freedom
4312:1995 Rugby World Cup
3166:Greater South Africa
3004:2014 platinum strike
2870:Shell House massacre
2798:Transkei coup d'Ă©tat
2603:Sharpeville massacre
2366:Battle of Blaauwberg
2359:Battle of Muizenberg
2311:Battle of Salt River
2094:Mthethwa Paramountcy
1917:Mozambican Civil War
1877:Burundian conflicts
1857:Djiboutian Civil War
1570:Insurgency in Ogaden
1198:Liberian Civil Wars
1111:Niger Delta conflict
744:on 13 September 2012
720:. 19 September 2018.
632:. 25 September 1998.
487:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
287:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
43:improve this article
4740:Johannesburg statue
4587:(great-grandfather)
4058:Democratic Alliance
3235:Civic and political
3099:Afrikaner Calvinism
3092:African nationalism
2941:African Renaissance
2631:UNSC Resolution 591
2552:Internal resistance
2453:National Convention
2421:Transvaal Civil War
2345:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
2228:Orange River Colony
1956:Lesothan conflicts
1881:1993–2005 Civil War
1599:Afar–Somali clashes
1387:2022–2024 offensive
1382:2012–2013 rebellion
1224:Ivorian Civil Wars
1057:Tunisian revolution
999:2014–2020 civil war
979:2008 Kufra conflict
916:conflicts in Africa
630:Mail & Guardian
614:. 6 September 2016.
585:Politics of Lesotho
414:(SADC), and led by
236:Lesotho opposition
4495:Death of Apartheid
4247:Awards and honours
2805:Ciskei coup d'Ă©tat
2624:UN Resolution 1761
2589:Women's March 1956
2442:South African Wars
2428:Mineral Revolution
2003:Colour revolutions
1801:Sudanese civil war
1653:2009–present phase
1394:Batwa–Luba clashes
1263:Casamance conflict
1140:Tuareg rebellions
1100:Religious violence
1046:Algerian Civil War
962:Terrorism in Egypt
265:Pakalitha Mosisili
4788:
4787:
4730:Atlanta sculpture
4262:funeral attendees
4170:UMkhonto we Sizwe
4090:
4089:
4043:political parties
4036:
4035:
4013:Orde van die Dood
3630:Progressive Party
3336:Congress Alliance
3152:Cape Independence
3084:Political culture
3079:
3078:
3046:COVID-19 pandemic
2976:Marikana massacre
2812:Venda coup d'Ă©tat
2566:Defiance Campaign
2156:Orange Free State
2086:Dutch Cape Colony
2011:
2010:
1976:
1975:
1896:
1895:
1847:Rwandan Civil War
1795:Blue Nile clashes
1777:Nomadic conflicts
1733:Nomadic conflicts
1537:
1536:
1376:March 23 Movement
1311:Angolan Civil War
1290:
1289:
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1065:
699:David Beresford,
400:
399:
156:
155:
119:
118:
111:
93:
4838:
4776:
4775:
4712:"Rise Up" (song)
4627:Makaziwe Mandela
4621:Makgatho Mandela
4322:Mahlamba Ndlopfu
4202:Pollsmoor Prison
4117:
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3947:Paramilitary and
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3937:Umkosi Wezintaba
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3799:
3792:
3782:social movements
3780:Trade unions and
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3301:Boerestaat Party
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3232:
3218:
3209:
3200:
3191:
3184:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3131:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3072:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2791:Dakar Conference
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2721:
2714:
2712:Israeli alliance
2707:
2700:
2693:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2666:Sporting boycott
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2638:Academic boycott
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2495:Great Depression
2490:
2483:
2481:Maritz rebellion
2476:
2456:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2331:Dutch settlement
2313:
2306:
2304:Bantu migrations
2291:
2279:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2236:Transvaal Colony
2231:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2204:Nieuwe Republiek
2199:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2140:Natalia Republic
2135:
2127:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2109:Ndwandwe Kingdom
2104:
2102:
2099:
2089:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2015:
1951:Caprivi conflict
1907:
1886:2015–2018 unrest
1692:Likoni massacres
1681:Ethnic conflicts
1643:Somali Civil War
1548:
1346:Second Congo War
1301:
1077:
956:Post-coup unrest
950:Sinai insurgency
929:
905:
898:
891:
882:
858:
857:
825:
819:
818:
786:
780:
779:
777:
775:
760:
754:
753:
751:
749:
743:
736:
728:
722:
721:
714:
708:
697:
691:
690:
658:
652:
651:
640:
634:
633:
622:
616:
615:
608:
569:plurality system
535:Gauteng Province
531:the water supply
480:Deputy President
408:Operation Boleas
387:
385:
384:
365:
364:
342:
332:
323:
313:
296:
295:
285:
284:
274:
273:
263:
244:
235:
222:
220:
219:
209:
207:
206:
195:
194:
193:
182:
171:
132:
131:
123:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4826:1999 in Lesotho
4821:1998 in Lesotho
4791:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4764:
4750:Pretoria statue
4668:
4659:(granddaughter)
4647:(granddaughter)
4645:Ndileka Mandela
4573:
4479:Film depictions
4474:
4382:
4376:
4332:
4326:
4268:
4217:Liliesleaf Farm
4180:Freedom Charter
4148:
4135:
4126:
4121:
4091:
4086:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3448:HNP (Herstigte)
3446:
3441:HNP (Herenigde)
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3259:Afrikaner Party
3257:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3227:
3221:
3212:
3203:
3194:
3187:
3178:
3173:Honorary whites
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3134:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3075:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2934:Soweto bombings
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2735:Soweto Uprising
2733:
2726:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2659:Tar Baby Option
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:Freedom Charter
2578:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2459:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2180:Griqualand West
2178:
2172:Griqualand East
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2115:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2048:
2042:
2012:
2007:
1972:
1933:
1902:Southern Africa
1892:
1835:
1806:
1753:
1738:Ethnic violence
1715:
1710:Baragoi clashes
1669:
1625:
1533:
1505:
1495:(2016–present)
1476:
1451:
1450:Central African
1445:
1411:
1405:
1334:First Congo War
1322:
1286:
1239:
1213:
1187:
1178:Ndogboyosoi War
1166:
1129:
1113:(2003–present)
1089:(1998–present)
1062:
1034:
1019:(1970–present)
1005:
967:
945:2011 revolution
939:Egyptian Crisis
918:
909:
867:
862:
861:
827:
826:
822:
788:
787:
783:
773:
771:
762:
761:
757:
747:
745:
741:
734:
730:
729:
725:
716:
715:
711:
698:
694:
660:
659:
655:
642:
641:
637:
624:
623:
619:
610:
609:
598:
593:
581:
555:
526:
468:
432:
382:
380:
359:
327:
318:
290:
289:
279:
278:
268:
267:
217:
215:
204:
202:
191:
189:
152:
140:(8 months)
139:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4844:
4842:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4793:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4723:Nelson Mandela
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4660:
4657:Zoleka Mandela
4654:
4651:Mandla Mandela
4648:
4642:
4639:Zindzi Mandela
4636:
4630:
4624:
4618:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4597:Nosekeni Fanny
4594:
4588:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4551:Winnie Mandela
4547:
4539:
4531:
4527:Goodbye Bafana
4523:
4515:
4507:
4499:
4491:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4405:46664 concerts
4402:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4366:
4358:
4350:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4278:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4140:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4124:Nelson Mandela
4122:
4120:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4046:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4006:Ossewabrandwag
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3952:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3785:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3749:Unionist Party
3745:
3738:
3731:
3728:Torch Commando
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3602:Orde Boerevolk
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3378:DP (1989–2000)
3374:
3371:DP (1973–1977)
3367:
3364:Dominion Party
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3245:Afrikaner Bond
3240:
3238:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3210:
3201:
3192:
3185:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3159:Day of the Vow
3155:
3148:
3141:
3132:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2927:Floor crossing
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2887:
2885:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2842:Bisho massacre
2838:
2837:
2836:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2784:Operation Vula
2780:
2777:Rubicon speech
2773:
2770:Langa massacre
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2532:
2524:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2488:Rand Rebellion
2484:
2477:
2469:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2414:Boer Republics
2410:
2403:
2396:
2388:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2297:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2260:Bophuthatswana
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2220:Klein Vrystaat
2216:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2120:
2105:
2090:
2082:
2059:
2057:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1981:Related topics
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1954:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1930:(2017–present)
1925:
1920:
1913:
1911:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1830:Kasese clashes
1827:
1826:(1996–present)
1821:
1820:(1987–present)
1814:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1803:(2023–present)
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1779:(2009–present)
1774:
1768:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1688:(1963–present)
1683:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1640:
1639:(1998–present)
1633:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1558:Oromo conflict
1554:
1552:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1530:(2009–present)
1525:
1524:(1987–present)
1519:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1499:2021 offensive
1490:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1373:
1372:(2009–present)
1370:Ituri conflict
1367:
1364:Dongo conflict
1361:
1360:(2004–present)
1355:
1352:Ituri conflict
1349:
1343:
1342:(1996–present)
1337:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1319:(1975–present)
1314:
1307:
1305:
1298:
1296:Central Africa
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1283:(2020–present)
1278:
1277:
1276:
1266:
1265:(1982–present)
1260:
1257:Guinea clashes
1254:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1163:(2012–present)
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1126:(2021–present)
1121:
1120:
1119:
1108:
1107:(2009–present)
1102:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1083:
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2020:
2019:
2016:
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2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1988:War on terror
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1789:Heglig Crisis
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1771:War in Darfur
1769:
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1727:Heglig Crisis
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1699:
1698:Kenyan crisis
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1619:War in Amhara
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1358:Kivu conflict
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1218:CĂ´te d'Ivoire
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1117:2016 conflict
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997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
985:
984:Libyan Crisis
982:
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582:
578:
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573:2002 election
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532:
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512:
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434:In May 1998,
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81:
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74:
70:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4777:
4722:
4697:Madiba shirt
4615:Graça Machel
4566:
4558:
4550:
4542:
4534:
4526:
4518:
4510:
4502:
4494:
4486:
4369:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4081:
4041:Histories of
3742:United Party
3651:Reform Party
3588:Orangia Unie
3213:
3204:
3197:Swart gevaar
3195:
3179:
3135:
3126:
3067:
2969:Blikkiesdorp
2295:Pre-colonial
2148:Natal Colony
2132:Zulu Kingdom
2046:South Africa
1849: /
1412:of the Congo
1171:Sierra Leone
924:North Africa
874:
837:
833:
823:
798:
794:
784:
772:. Retrieved
769:Academia.edu
768:
758:
746:. Retrieved
739:the original
726:
712:
707:9 Jan. 1999.
705:The Guardian
704:
695:
670:
666:
656:
647:
638:
629:
620:
556:
527:
515:
471:
469:
466:Intervention
433:
418:through its
416:South Africa
407:
406:, codenamed
403:
401:
389:South Africa
379:
366:600 soldiers
356:
298:Festus Mogae
230:
211:South Africa
188:
166:
161:Belligerents
120:
105:
99:January 2016
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4760:Ismail Ayob
4603:Evelyn Mase
4585:Ngubengcuka
4390:Mandela Day
4145:(1991–1997)
4139:(1994–1999)
3181:Rooi gevaar
3060:2021 unrest
2990:Nkandlagate
2819:Third Force
2680:Rugby union
2278:(1981–1994)
2270:(1979–1994)
2262:(1977–1994)
2254:(1976–1994)
2246:(1910–1961)
2238:(1902–1910)
2230:(1902–1910)
2222:(1886–1891)
2214:(1885–1887)
2206:(1884–1888)
2198:(1882–1885)
2190:(1882–1883)
2182:(1870–1873)
2174:(1861–1879)
2166:(1856–1902)
2158:(1854–1902)
2150:(1843–1910)
2142:(1839–1843)
2134:(1816–1897)
2126:(1795–1910)
2124:Cape Colony
2116: 1780
2101: 1780
2088:(1652–1806)
2078: 1220
2071: 1075
1998:Arab Winter
1993:Arab Spring
1962:(1998–1999)
1953:(1994–1999)
1919:(1977–1992)
1859:(1991–1994)
1853:(1990–1994)
1797:(2022–2023)
1785:(2011–2020)
1773:(2003–2020)
1767:(1983–2005)
1745:(2013–2020)
1720:South Sudan
1706:(2012–2013)
1700:(2007–2008)
1590:(2000–2018)
1584:(1998–2000)
1578:(1995–2018)
1572:(1994–2018)
1543:East Africa
1461:(2004–2007)
1442:(2016–2017)
1436:(2002–2003)
1418:Civil wars
1402:(2016–2019)
1396:(2013–2018)
1354:(1999–2007)
1348:(1998–2003)
1336:(1996–1997)
1317:Cabinda War
1313:(1975–2002)
1253:(1998–1999)
1072:West Africa
1059:(2010–2011)
1048:(1991–2002)
958:(2013–2014)
941:(2011–2014)
499:rule of law
483:Thabo Mbeki
4795:Categories
4665:(grandson)
4653:(grandson)
4641:(daughter)
4635:(daughter)
4629:(daughter)
4381:Legacy and
4287:Presidency
4274:Presidency
4232:The Elders
4160:Early life
3992:Greyshirts
3756:Volksparty
3294:Black Sash
2955:Xenophobia
2948:Travelgate
2705:Border War
2509:Bantustans
2407:Great Trek
2352:Xhosa Wars
2212:Upingtonia
2196:Stellaland
1910:Mozambique
1614:Tigray War
774:19 January
748:14 October
591:References
460:Pius Langa
69:newspapers
4383:namesakes
4331:Books and
3215:Volkstaat
3206:Uitlander
3137:Boerehaat
3113:Anarchism
2920:Arms Deal
2883:apartheid
2543:Pass laws
2520:Apartheid
2465:1910–1948
2384:1815–1910
2322:1652–1815
1743:Civil War
1427:1997–1999
1422:1993–1994
1378:conflict
1233:2010–2011
1228:2002–2007
1207:1999–2003
1202:1989–1996
1149:2007–2009
1144:1990–1995
877:May 1999.
854:0022-278X
815:0022-278X
687:0022-278X
553:Aftermath
456:landlocks
4779:Category
4599:(mother)
4593:(father)
4543:Invictus
4333:speeches
4083:Category
3985:Boeremag
3483:Jeugkrag
3434:Het Volk
3128:Baasskap
3070:incident
2673:Olympics
2252:Transkei
2055:polities
2053:Defunct
1851:genocide
1551:Ethiopia
1459:Bush War
1452:Republic
1440:Pool War
1410:Republic
1327:DR Congo
1161:Mali War
913:Cold War
579:See also
545:and the
503:Ratel-90
476:Botswana
351:Strength
224:Botswana
145:Location
4685:history
4673:Related
4535:Endgame
4503:Mandela
4487:Mandela
3888:SAAPAWU
3226:Defunct
3189:Slavery
2393:Mfecane
1630:Somalia
1192:Liberia
1080:Nigeria
507:Rooikat
472:de jure
430:Prelude
424:Lesotho
150:Lesotho
83:scholar
4617:(wife)
4611:(wife)
4605:(wife)
4578:Family
4569:(2016)
4561:(2013)
4553:(2011)
4545:(2009)
4537:(2009)
4529:(2007)
4521:(1997)
4513:(1996)
4505:(1996)
4497:(1995)
4489:(1987)
4372:(2017)
4364:(2010)
4356:(1999)
4348:(1994)
3839:FOSATU
3693:SAYRCO
3665:SADECO
3581:Occupy
3120:Azania
3068:Lady R
2997:Racism
2826:CODESA
2287:Events
2276:Ciskei
2188:Goshen
2118:–1819)
2103:–1817)
1947:(1994)
1938:Others
1840:Others
1832:(2016)
1811:Uganda
1791:(2012)
1729:(2012)
1712:(2012)
1694:(1997)
1658:AMISOM
1510:Others
1366:(2009)
1304:Angola
1259:(2013)
1244:Others
1039:Others
852:
813:
685:
518:Maseru
386:
357:1,820
221:
208:
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4623:(son)
4020:PAGAD
3916:SATUC
3909:SARHU
3895:SACTU
3874:NURHS
3832:FNETU
3818:CTSWU
3811:CNETU
3804:BLATU
3686:SAYCO
3574:NUSAS
3455:IDASA
3266:AITUP
2881:Post-
2268:Venda
1758:Sudan
1674:Kenya
972:Libya
932:Egypt
911:Post–
742:(PDF)
735:(PDF)
422:into
90:JSTOR
76:books
4725:(EP)
4153:Life
4027:SANF
3957:APLA
3902:SAIF
3881:PAWE
3867:NEUM
3860:MUSA
3825:FCWU
3770:WOSA
3721:TNIP
3679:SASO
3672:SAIC
3658:SABP
3609:PAVN
3343:COSG
3322:CTEG
3315:CNIP
1481:Chad
1154:2012
1134:Mali
850:ISSN
811:ISSN
776:2016
750:2012
683:ISSN
505:and
450:the
402:The
197:SADC
135:Date
62:news
3978:BBB
3971:AWB
3964:ARM
3930:UDF
3853:IWW
3846:ICU
3797:BCM
3790:APF
3735:UFP
3637:PRP
3616:PFP
3567:NRP
3560:NPP
3546:NNP
3539:NLP
3525:NCP
3476:ISL
3427:GNP
3399:ECC
3392:DSM
3385:DPP
3357:DLF
3329:COD
3308:CDA
3287:BPC
3280:AVF
3273:APO
842:doi
803:doi
675:doi
452:ANC
396:134
45:by
4797::
3999:MK
3553:NP
3518:NA
3469:IP
3462:ID
3413:FD
3406:FA
3350:CP
2113:c.
2098:c.
2075:c.
2068:c.
873:,
848:.
838:41
836:.
832:.
809:.
799:41
797:.
793:.
767:.
703:,
681:.
671:41
669:.
665:.
646:.
628:.
599:^
541:,
513:.
391::
4116:e
4109:t
4102:v
2455:)
2451:(
2111:(
2096:(
2080:)
2073:–
2066:(
2037:e
2030:t
2023:v
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897:t
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805::
778:.
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689:.
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80:·
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