170:. The SCC&RR Company was chartered on December 19, 1827 (amended January 30, 1828) to divert this commerce to Charleston by means of connections to Columbia, Camden and Hamburg. Despite its novelty the project was pursued by its Charleston leaders with aggressive method, public demonstrations encouraging support for the daring concept of a steam-driven railroad. Under William Aiken as the first president, six miles (10 km) of line were completed at Charleston in 1830. However, construction was delayed and expenses increased by a shortage of labor, due to the high death rate of slaves leading to a reluctance to lease slave labor to the project by plantation owners. Messrs. Gray & Co., the principal firm of contractors, turned to importing a large number of white laborers from the North and from Europe. The first run over the entire 136-mile (219 km) line was celebrated in October 1833.
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given the questionable track they ran on. Inside actions were eventually converted to outside. The early eight-wheeled locomotives shared these problems along with overly weak frames, but otherwise were appreciated for greater power and less injury to the road. With limited facilities in an agricultural economy, all of these shortcoming resulted in long outages. Through 1834, locomotives had been purchased from six different suppliers.
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secure loose bars of iron, punching down protruding spikeheads, chamfering wheel flange rubs off the rails, ramming earth around the piles, and so on. The overseer was also responsible for maintaining adequate supplies of water and timber at the station, and for calling on the
Superintending Engineer for nonroutine derangements.
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Company, which had built no track of its own, gained stock control of The South
Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company, which continued to operate under that name. In 1844, The South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company merged with the Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad Company. The merged
256:
that tended to overbuild. Nevertheless, by 1834 the pilings began to rot at the ground line, and were supplanted by earthen embankments made by dumping dirt over the side (encasing and preserving some of the longleaf pine structures to this day). Beginning in 1836 the flat strap rails were replaced
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Novel and clumsily designed locomotives were a great expense with generally half of the large fleet laid up for repairs, modification or breaking up. These early machines suffered from slightness in the drive wheels, axles and valve gear, and from unequal distribution of weight, a serious problem
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on its first and only run in
America. Allen argued successfully before the SCC&RR directors for immediate adoption of steam locomotion, stating that the power of horses was known and would never increase, but the future power of locomotives was beyond imagination. The first locomotive was the
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The line was built with 16 equally spaced turnouts each with a water pump and timber shed. A maintenance station responsible for perhaps eight miles (13 km) of track was based at each turnout. The station overseer surveyed half of that track daily, and effected minor repairs such as making
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The line was a commercial success despite price competition against riverborne traffic and later railroad projects in
Georgia. Its initial cost of $ 951,148 was doubled by early way improvements, at that price still quite economical. This satisfying position blew up in the course of an overly
241:. A drop of 180 ft (55 m) over a 3,800 ft (1,200 m) run into Horse Creek Valley required an inclined plane, with a steam-powered winch later replaced by a locomotive used as a counterweight. Delays at this archaic bottleneck brought about the railroad town of
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The original line generally paralleled U.S. Route 78 and remained in service until the 1980s. The downtowns of many railroad towns such as
Warrenton, Williston and Blackville are still marked by railroad esplanades frequently with elevated causeways.
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The way consisted of flat strap iron fastened to continuous timber sills. Much of the way passed easily through South
Carolina's monotonously flat Pine Barrens. Elsewhere, the track was elevated – frequently over long distances – on
272:
with copper and iron sulphates was adopted. When new longer routes made night travel necessary, passenger faced risks from collisions. South
Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company experimented with a pine log fire on a
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and overhanging debt from the busted LC&CRR, but not without a retrenchment that continued through the next decade. South
Carolina legislators merged the two companies' charters in 1844.
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327:
911:
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This map depicts a certain section of railroad tracks in the wrong location. It went through
Branchville to St. George and so on from the north side of the Edisto River.
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railroad structures illustrating the development of an early railroad terminal facility." The railroad company with which they are associated was the first to use
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upcountry enjoyed a vast expansion in the value of its agricultural produce. Overland transport by wagon was slow and expensive, so this produce tended to go to
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741:, Volume 37, Interstate Commerce Commission Valuation Reports, November 6, 1931, pp. 521, 524. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1932.
878:
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In 1844, The
Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad Company and The South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company were merged under an act of the
906:
543:, Volume 37, Interstate Commerce Commission Valuation Reports, November 6, 1931, p. 521. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1932.
526:, Volume 37, Interstate Commerce Commission Valuation Reports, November 6, 1931, p. 521. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1932.
367:. The South Carolina Department of Archives and History states that the structures in this district "represent the best extant collection of
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600:
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In accordance with the original charter, a 66.3-mile (106.7 km) line from Branchville to Columbia was built in 1840 and opened in 1842.
252:
Timber pilings had allowed the SCC&RR to build their line quickly and cheaply, especially in comparison with northern lines such as the
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379:, and carry U.S. mail. When it began operation in 1833 it had the greatest length of track in the world under single management.
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had become president of the company in 1831, and was responsible for building what was then the longest railway in the world.
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in 1830. The railroad ran scheduled steam service over its 136-mile (219 km) line from Charleston, South Carolina, to
382:
355:, that contains structures of the South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company and the home of the company's founder,
655:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: William Aiken House and Associated Railroad Structures"
402:
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39:
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of 1830; by 1834 the line had purchased a total of 15 locomotives and scheduled one daily run in each direction.
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359:. These structures are considered "nationally significant" in relation to the history of the development of the
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522:"The" was part of the corporate name of both this company and The South Carolina Rail Road Company. See
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William Aiken House and Associated Railroad Structures, Charleston County (456 King St., Charleston)
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https://www.waymarking.com/gallery/image.aspx?f=1&guid=6a0f677c-7dbd-4f1a-a7a3-210d69d29ac6
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of December 19, 1827, the company operated its first 6-mile (9.7 km) line west from
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622:"William Aiken House and Associated Railroad Structures (456 King St., Charleston)"
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South Carolina Railroad-Southern Railway Company, Carriage House, 456 King Street
817:
133:, a reference to its end points, but that was never its legal name. In 1839, The
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Company under an act of the South Carolina legislature dated December 19, 1843.
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to be chartered and constructed, it provided the first steam-powered, scheduled
79:
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129:, beginning in 1833. Some sources referred to the railroad informally as the
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807:
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A Short History of South Carolina, 1520–1948, David Duncan Wallace, page 377
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South Carolina Railroad-Southern Railway Company, Warehouse, 42 John Street
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South Carolina Railroad-Southern Railway Company, Camden Depot, Anne Street
825:, including 13 photos, at South Carolina Department of Archives and History
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Wood rot was an early maintenance evil. By 1841 a surface treatment called
405:, and certain woodwork was removed in 1931. A servants wing is unchanged.
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A coach house at the back of gardens on the William Aiken House property
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Trains and Technology: The American Railroad in the Nineteenth Century
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833:(HABS) records are filed under Charleston, Charleston County, SC:
381:
331:
839:
South Carolina Railroad-Southern Railway Company, 456 King Street
401:, built in 1807. An octagonal wing added in 1831 but damaged in
841:", 31 photos, 2 data pages, 3 photo caption pages
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was found to be helpful, but used a toxic mercury compound for
748:
A History of Transportation in the Eastern Cotton Belt to 1860
592:
Blood, Iron, and Gold: How the Railways Transformed the World
505:
Transportation in the Ante-bellum South: An Economic Analysis
154:
cultivation in the early 19th century, the relatively remote
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from the beginning of its operations, use an American-made
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in 1963. Contributing structures in the district include:
224:, who had already toured English railroads, and drove the
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that operated independently from 1830 to 1844. One of the
703:"William Aiken House and Associated Railroad Structures"
446:, a replica of the first American-made steam locomotive
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ambitious overmountain expansion under the name of the
626:
National Register Properties in South Carolina listing
470:
The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin
341:
William Aiken House and Associated Railroad Structures
328:
William Aiken House and Associated Railroad Structures
957:
Things in the United States that were built by slaves
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covered in sand to provide light before inexpensive
932:
Historic American Buildings Survey in South Carolina
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The SCC&RR was fortunate in its chief engineer,
628:. South Carolina Department of Archives and History
200:in 1853. The SCC&RR successfully weathered the
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35:
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268:— shortly thereafter the cheaper (and less toxic)
553:Smith, Alice R. Huger; Smith, D.E. Huger (2007).
653:James Dillon and Cecil McKithan (May 12, 1981).
760:The History of the First Locomotives In America
497:
495:
182:Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad
135:Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad
100:The South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company
770:Centennial History of South Carolina Railroad
686:Accompanying seven photos, from 1961 and 1975
557:. Charleston: The History Press. p. 60.
8:
855:", 4 photos, 2 photo caption pages
848:", 2 photos, 2 photo caption pages
16:
912:Predecessors of the Southern Railway (U.S.)
879:South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company
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862:", 1 photo, 1 photo caption page
707:National Historic Landmark summary listing
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17:South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company
818:Branchville – The First Railroad Junction
772:. State Publishing Company, Columbia, SC.
751:. Columbia University Press and reprints.
942:5 ft gauge railways in the United States
922:Railway companies disestablished in 1844
322:National Historic Landmark in Charleston
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763:. D. Appleton and Company and reprints.
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952:American companies established in 1827
808:1833 South Carolina Transportation Map
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15:
947:1827 establishments in South Carolina
917:Railway companies established in 1827
7:
927:Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks
508:. Ulrich Bonnell Phillips. pp.
466:"South Carolina Canal and Rail Road"
444:"Best Friend of Charleston" Replica
434:Line Street Car and Carpenter Shops
188:at Cincinnati, although it reached
831:Historic American Buildings Survey
14:
589:Christian Wolmar (2 March 2010).
555:The Dwelling Houses of Charleston
424:South Carolina Railroad Warehouse
907:Defunct South Carolina railroads
813:1880 South Carolina Railroad Map
785:. University of Delaware Press.
502:Ulrich Bonnell Phillips (1908).
386:William Aiken House (HABS photo)
108:first railroads in North America
22:
312:South Carolina General Assembly
131:Charleston and Hamburg Railroad
119:South Carolina General Assembly
777:Bianculli, Anthony J. (2002).
336:Camden Depot (1969 HABS photo)
114:service in the United States.
1:
595:. PublicAffairs. p. 72.
937:Railway lines opened in 1830
745:Phillips, Ulrich B. (1908).
390:The district was declared a
314:of December 19, 1843 as the
138:company changed its name to
768:Derrick, Samuel M. (1933).
117:Chartered under act of the
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757:Brown, William H. (1871).
392:National Historic Landmark
325:
123:Charleston, South Carolina
40:Charleston, South Carolina
885:
876:
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858:HABS No. SC-373-C, "
851:HABS No. SC-373-B, "
844:HABS No. SC-373-D, "
837:HABS No. SC-373-A, "
231:Best Friend of Charleston
21:
889:South Carolina Rail Road
660:. National Park Service.
281:for lamps was invented.
216:1841 SCC&RR Schedule
190:Columbia, South Carolina
709:. National Park Service
464:Mauldin, G. E. (1928).
316:South Carolina Railroad
245:, as a stopover place.
184:. It never reached the
140:South Carolina Railroad
127:Hamburg, South Carolina
68:South Carolina Railroad
673:Cite journal requires
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194:Camden, South Carolina
829:All of the following
439:Railroad Right-of-Way
429:Tower Passenger Depot
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243:Aiken, South Carolina
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399:William Aiken House
150:With the advent of
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414:, a railroad depot
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254:Baltimore and Ohio
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166:to the seaport at
102:was a railroad in
56:Dates of operation
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886:Succeeded by
602:978-1-58648-851-2
345:historic district
266:wood preservation
208:Early engineering
168:Savannah, Georgia
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869:Preceded by
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363:industry in the
257:with "T" rails.
226:Stourbridge Lion
198:Atlanta, Georgia
162:, then down the
160:Augusta, Georgia
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196:in 1848 and
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36:Headquarters
174:Elias Horry
80:Track gauge
901:Categories
883:1827–1843
753:pp.132–220
733:References
713:2008-02-12
632:2008-03-21
377:locomotive
369:antebellum
349:Charleston
186:Ohio River
478:0033-8842
318:Company.
270:Earlizing
262:Kyanizing
192:in 1840,
86:5 ft
74:Technical
64:Successor
486:43504505
361:railroad
298:Columbia
293:Branches
279:kerosene
31:Overview
275:flatcar
146:History
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689:
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561:
484:
476:
306:Merger
152:cotton
46:Locale
658:(pdf)
512:–153.
482:JSTOR
451:Notes
373:steam
343:is a
872:none
787:ISBN
683:and
679:help
597:ISBN
559:ISBN
474:ISSN
510:148
347:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
