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536:, and covers 183 ha (450 acres). It is 3.2 km (2.0 mi) long and 800 m (2,600 ft) wide. It has the only bay of the islands, called Puerto Cueva Cove, located one quarter the way down on the east side. The island has two main peaks, Middle Peak, located about one-third the way down the island with an elevation of about 180 m (590 ft), and South Peak, approximately 160 m (520 ft) high. On the west side there is a cove known as Seal Cove. There are roughly a half dozen structures above Puerto Cueva, and two navigational lights at the northern and southern ends of the island.
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710:. The casino was forced to change trajectory after the Mexican government made gambling illegal only eighteen months after it opened, re-opening the next year as a weekend getaway hotel. It later served as a garrison for Mexican soldiers who had their provisions shipped from the mainland. The structure was ultimately destroyed in the high winds and waves of a storm in 1988. Only the stone foundation remains though the name Smugglers Cove, and more rarely Casino Cove, adorn modern maps.
539:
706:, the cove on the northeast side of South Coronado Island was used as a meeting place for alcohol smugglers. Since it was the time before radar, and as foggy nights are common on the islands, the large number of boats frequently resulted in collisions. There was so much traffic that a famous casino, an elaborately constructed two-story building known as the Coronado Islands Yacht Club, flourished well into the
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768:, conducted unauthorized gunnery exercises involving the shelling of the Coronado Islands, in the belief they were uninhabited and belonged to the United States. Unfortunately for Hubbard, the islands belonged to Mexico and were occupied by the Mexican Navy. The Mexican government complained and Hubbard was relieved of command.
699:, secured the North Island in 1873, planning to use the stone. The last newspaper report of this venture was in 1882. At one point, the islands were used as a way station in the smuggling of Chinese immigrants into California. This ended after a group of Chinese were found starving and abandoned on the island.
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Subsequent archaeological expeditions have corroborated reports of ceramic artifacts on the islands, with ceramic fragments found also on South Island. These ceramic fragments appear to have been fired in an open oven, and were likely used as cooking pots. Analysis of the artifacts suggests their
490:
known as
Moonlight Cove. This island is extensively weathered and beaten, with unstable material giving way in handful to slope-sized masses. The unstable and barren nature of this island is likely a result of the heavy use by breeding and roosting sea birds combined with unstable substrates. The
694:
began visiting the islands to prevent trespassing and reduce the damage from human impact, although business ventures still proceeded regardless. That same year, building stone of high quality was discovered on North Island. Colonel Manuel Ferrer and Tore Fidel Pujal, the editor of the newspaper
306:. To the west, underwater cliffs border a deep channel over 1,100 m (3,600 ft) in depth. The largest and closest island, South Coronado, is located approximately 13 km (8 mi) off the Mexican mainland and 12 km (7 mi) south of the maritime border with the
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Around the same time that other boats visited the islands to escape prohibition, during the 1930s, the Star and
Crescent Company also made frequent boat excursions to the islands. These were suspended for some time, before briefly starting back again in 1958, with the steamer
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Coronado was named for the
Coronado Islands off the coast of San Diego. They were first sighted November 8, 1602 by Spanish navigator Vizcaino. He named them "Los Coronados" or "the crowned ones," for four martyred saints of ancient Rome whose death had been on that
838:
The topography, soil, and human impact each have effects on the vegetation of the islands, creating varying characteristics on each island. However, the vegetation of the
Coronado Islands is mostly dominated by maritime succulent scrub, a plant community within the
270:, 27 km (17 mi) to the north, was named in honor of the islands after an 1886 naming competition. During World War II, the islands were utilized in joint training exercises between Mexico and the United States, but gained notoriety when future founder of
250:. Battered by the wind and waves, the rocky islands are mostly uninhabited except for a small military detachment and a lighthouse keeper. Despite their barren appearance, they serve as a refuge for seabirds and support a sizable number of plants, including 6
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for thousands of years, the first
European explorers sighted them in 1542. Centuries later, they served as weekend getaway locations, secret gambling spots, and smuggling sites until the Mexican Navy clamped down on trespassing. The
567:), who likely set up small and temporary encampments, possibly for retreats or other spiritual/sacred practices; ancient artifacts have been collected from both islands. North Island has artifacts that include teshoa flakes, and a
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655:) to honor the four brothers who died for their Christian faith. They are also known by a number of other names, with later fisherman, upon seeing floating coffins, ghostly faces and shrouded bodies amid the rocks dubbing them
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The islands had been occupied by humans for over 1,000 years. As the islands lack any fresh water, permanent settlements would have not been feasible in the past. However, the islands were frequently visited by the local
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and has a surface area of 48 ha (120 acres). It has no bay but boats can anchor on a jetty on the eastern side. It is large enough to support numerous microhabitats for plants, and has a climate similar to southern
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Starting in the 1860s, advertisements for day trips to the islands began making appearances in local newspapers. At the same time, commercial fishing ventures also started, focusing mostly on rock cod.
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spp. are present on the southern hill, although the soil tends to slough off the slopes. In the basin, straddling both peaks, herbaceous and woody plants occur in the more soil-rich depression.
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742:. Shortly after, the islands were utilized by Mexico and the United States as a site for military exercises. The island was garrisoned by a small detachment of the Mexican Navy, and
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squadron, perished along with the 12 members of his crew in a crash on South
Coronado. Wreckage belonging to the aircraft is located on the western-facing slope of South Island.
2510:"Report of the North Pacific Regional Workshop to Facilitate the Description of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas - Area No. 11: Coronado Islands, Mexico"
797:, as ruled in the books of the Baja Californian Government, published on December 20, 1959. Today, the only inhabitants of the island are Mexican Navy personnel and a
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Despite the barren, rocky appearance of the islands, they support a large number of plant species. The following is a comprehensive, but not complete, list of the
1055:) are present in disturbed areas, especially along trails. Interestingly, this non-native plant provides shelter for the commonly-occurring endemic rattlesnake.
82:
941:, a coastal swathe of about 175 kilometres (109 mi). It occurs farther north, but in a more fragmented pattern, occupying the fringe coastal bluffs and
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of abalone shells within the vicinity of the ceramic artifacts suggest that site was occupied intermittently from at least 1390 to 820 calibrated years
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on South Island. As the islands are a natural protected area, access to the islands is restricted to governmental personnel and permitted scientists.
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and covers 14 ha (35 acres). This island forms a steep-hill with a peninsula-like structure on the northeast side, which creates a protected
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North
Coronado (right background), Central Coronado (left midground), and Pile of Sugar (right midground) viewed from South Coronado (foreground)
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On South Island the area at the extreme northern end, near the lighthouse, has diverging vegetation. Here, the vegetation takes on an aspect of
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This links to a news article about the use of one of the islands as a waypoint for illegal migration to the United States. November 2010
282:; visitors may anchor, scuba, and snorkel, but setting foot on the islands is prohibited without special permission from the government.
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McCain, Joseph; Braje, Todd J.; Hernández
Estrada, Raquel L.; Michelini, Antonio Porcayo; Aguilar, José; Rick, Torben C. (2019-10-02).
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Riley, Jim; Rebman, Jon Paul; Vanderplank, Sula; Simancas, Jorge; Pijoan, Paula; Botanical
Research Institute of Texas (2015).
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2839:
Dictionary of
American Naval Aviation Squadrons, Volume 2, Chapter 4 Patrol Bombing Squadron (VPB) Histories (VPB-1 to VPB-16)
2652:
California Island Plant Distribution Patterns: Proceedings of the Fifth California Islands Symposium: 29 March to 1 April 1999
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L. Ron Hubbard, future founder of Scientology, bombarded South Island in 1943, despite it being inhabited by Mexican soldiers
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of any of the sage scrub communities. Some taxa representative of this environment include succulents such as liveforevers (
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There are two types of land mammals on the islands: rabbits and mice. How they reached the islands is currently unknown.
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Although landing on the islands is not permitted, divers, fishermen and tourists are free to visit the waters around them
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leaves as opposed to those of the succulent scrub. The dominant plants found in this area include California sagebrush (
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North Pacific Regional Workshop to Facilitate the Description of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas
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taxa found only on the islands. The waters around the islands support a considerable amount of diverse marine life.
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2941:"Shrubland Formations and Associations in Mediterranean-Desert Transitional Zones of Northwestern Baja California"
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2689:"The Four Crowns of the Sea: Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Coronados Islands, Baja California, México"
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2006:
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278:, shelled the inhabited island, earning the ire of the Mexican government. Today, the islands are a Mexican
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Although landing on the islands is prohibited, the waters around them are still a frequent destination for
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Ten species of reptiles and amphibians are also found on the islands. The best known is the Coronado
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on the saddle of the island. A small cave, dubbed Pirate's Cave, was reported to have had remains of
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There are colonies of birds that nest on the islands and can be spotted in the nearby waters like
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Archipelago located within the Southern California Bight off the coast of Baja California, Mexico
3031:"Revised and updated vascular plant checklists for the Baja California Northern Pacific Islands"
2812:
2754:
Baja Legends: The Historic Characters, Events, and Locations That Put Baja California on the Map
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2410:. Pilón de Azúcar, better known as Middle Rock, is host to the northernmost nesting colony of
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995:. Coastal sage scrub consists of low-growing, aromatic and more herbaceous plants with soft,
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2654:, Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, pp. 212–223, archived from
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421:-washed hill on the southern side, and a smaller ridge on the north side, separated by a
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The archipelago is composed of four main islands spread out over 8 km (5 mi).
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South Island contains some of the only structures for the few inhabitants on the islands
538:
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2427:), which is a smaller subspecies than the one found on the mainland. There is also the
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275:
3166:
https://web.archive.org/web/20120722175550/http://diver.net/seahunt/maps/coronodos.htm
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3111:"UCSC graduate student's research leads to environmental victory in Coronado Islands"
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17:
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2842:. Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy. pp. 408–13
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3131:
Cunningham, John D. (1956-09-01). "Food Habits of the San Diego Alligator Lizard".
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only abundant plant community occurs on the southwest, windward side of the island.
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of western North America. It includes a number of species characteristic of the
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298:. The islands are exposed continental blocks, produced by the shear zone of the
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263:
2997:
Plant guide: Maritime Succulent Scrub Region, Northwest Baja California, Mexico
575:. On South Island, numerous other middens exist. The artifacts may be from the
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864:
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641:(the desert islands) due to their barren lack of soil. In 1602 the priest for
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production techniques are consistent with those of Yuman ceramic manufacture.
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3015:
2964:
2939:
Peinado, M.; Alcaraz, F.; Aguirre, J. L.; Delgadillo, J.; Aguado, I. (1995).
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1037:) grow. Also present on the north end, but on the east slope, is the endemic
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as a consistent source of moisture. It forms a transitional zone between the
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425:-shaped depression between them. The island is composed of barren, infertile
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957:. It is also present on the other offshore islands of the region, including
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The archipelago was first noted by European explorers as "desert islands"
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3086:"Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico"
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2645:"Vegetation and Flora of Islas Los Coronados, Baja California, Mexico"
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The Coronado Islands are located within the central portion of the
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Sea mammals are plentiful and it is not uncommon to see groups of
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2406:. The Coronado Islands have the largest known colony of the rare
637:
was the first European to notice the islands, describing them as
2864:, San Bernardino, California, 20 October 1944, Volume 51, p. 4.
2779:"Ron the "War Hero" - L. Ron Hubbard and the U.S. Navy, 1941-50"
2736:
Natural History of the Coronado Islands, Baja California, Mexico
2387:
942:
601:
At the US-Mexico border. The visible islands are Islas Coronados
487:
2570:"Why Do People Call It Coronado Island When It's a Peninsula?"
2283:
852:
239:
located 13 km (8 mi) off the northwest coast of the
645:'s expedition, Father Antonio de la Ascención, called them
633:
In 1542, Portuguese explorer (later naturalized Castilian)
3029:
Vanderplank, Sula; Rebman, Jon; Ezcurra, Exequiel (2018).
771:
In October 1944, Lieutenant Robert D. Cullinane, flying a
429:, with little vegetation. A few succulent plants, such as
1023:). This area is the only location on South Island where
417:
and covers 7 ha (17 acres). The island has a rocky
789:
The Coronado Islands are under the jurisdiction of the
310:. The islands are under the jurisdiction of Mexico and
2807:
Bare-faced Messiah: The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard
2915:. San Diego: Sunbelt Publications. pp. 25–26.
2443:are found on the north, south and central islands.
2314:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1049:. Non-native plants such as crystalline ice plant (
746:were excavated on South Island during this period.
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2435:, which is found on all four islands, and the
874:, but is complemented by a wide assemblage of
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2870:
2747:
2745:
2738:. San Diego Association of Geologists: 50–53.
2693:The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology
2457:. Middle Island is home to a small colony of
929:This habitat is most typical of northwestern
646:
629:The islands visible from the Mexican mainland
8:
3084:Rebman, J. P.; Gibson, J.; Rich, K. (2016).
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2680:
2678:
2676:
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2670:
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294:, on the continental margin within Mexico's
230:
37:
2911:Rebman, Jon P.; Roberts, Norman C. (2012).
257:Used extensively and intermittently by the
888:spp.), and cacti like the coastal cholla (
65:
53:
36:
2609:. Glendale, California: La Siesta Press.
2439:which live on the three biggest islands.
2374:Learn how and when to remove this message
30:For other places with the same name, see
554:Indigenous peoples and Spanish discovery
89:
2485:
2756:. Sunbelt Publications. p. 106.
7:
3093:San Diego Society of Natural History
2883:Terrestrial Vegetation of California
2860:Associated Press, "Crash Kills 13",
2414:on the west coast of North America.
2312:adding citations to reliable sources
3161:Islas Coronado Mexico Photo Gallery
2431:, which feeds off birds' eggs, the
671:They have also been referred to as
591:." The Kumeyaay called the islands
3189:California chaparral and woodlands
2734:Darcy, Ike (1978). "Archaeology".
2568:Letchworth, Dan (8 January 2020).
2521:Convention on Biological Diversity
951:Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve
847:, characterized a predominance of
71:A map of the four Coronado Islands
25:
3035:Western North American Naturalist
2913:Baja California Plant Field Guide
2811:. New York: Henry Holt. pp.
2471:
2288:
900:) and the golden-spined cereus (
878:species, giving it the greatest
88:
81:
3184:Islands of Tijuana Municipality
2299:needs additional citations for
722:to the cove on South Coronado.
702:In the 1920s and 1930s, during
2783:CMU School of Computer Science
1250:Pseudognaphalium microcephalum
1:
3194:Uninhabited islands of Mexico
2877:Rundel, Philip (2007-07-17),
2705:10.1080/15564894.2018.1536901
2643:Oberbauer, Thomas A. (2002),
1257:Pseudognaphalium ramosissimum
1052:Mesembryanthemum crystallinum
975:Channel Islands of California
861:California Floristic Province
2862:The San Bernardino Daily Sun
2836:Roberts, Michael D. (2000).
2543:Coronado Chamber of Commerce
2429:Coronado Island gopher snake
955:San Diego County, California
773:Consolidated PB2Y-3 Coronado
738:In 1942, Mexico entered the
223:Islands of the Coronation(s)
2424:Crotalus oreganus caliginis
947:Mexico–United States border
933:, ranging from the town of
579:of peoples. Anthropologist
3210:
2441:Southern alligator lizards
1720:Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia
1243:Pseudognaphalium biolettii
1166:Eriophyllum confertiflorum
676:Sentinels of San Diego Bay
29:
1011:), California buckwheat (
987:on a ridge on the islands
894:), coastal prickly pear (
587:word for the islands as "
292:Southern California Bight
222:
172:
117:Southern California Bight
76:
64:
52:
2605:Ellsberg, Helen (1970).
2067:Pentagramma triangularis
2028:Pterostegia drymarioides
1975:Muhlenbergia microsperma
1883:Antirrhinum nuttallianum
1855:Eschscholzia californica
1477:Chenopodium californicum
1377:Cylindropuntia prolifera
1078:present on the islands.
891:Cylindropuntia prolifera
857:Mediterranean ecosystems
764:, the future founder of
45:
2803:Miller, Russel (1988).
2459:northern elephant seals
2236:Dichelostemma capitatum
2134:Heteromeles arbutifolia
2042:Polypodium californicum
2007:Linanthus dianthiflorus
1271:Stephanomeria diegensis
1264:Rafinesquia californica
1148:Chaenactis glabriuscula
1031:, and broom baccharis (
1029:Heteromeles arbutifolia
1020:Heteromeles arbutifolia
965:, but also portions of
791:municipality of Tijuana
635:Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
296:exclusive economic zone
231:
3113:. Ucsc.edu. 2008-12-18
2752:Niemann, Greg (2002).
2508:Escobar, Elva (2014).
2056:Pellaea andromedifolia
2021:Eriogonum fasciculatum
1894:Collinsia heterophylla
1674:Astragalus trichopodus
1544:Dichondra occidentalis
1523:Calystegia macrostegia
1423:Spergularia macrotheca
1141:Baccharis sarothroides
1066:
1034:Baccharis sarothroides
1025:Eriogonum fasciculatum
1014:Eriogonum fasciculatum
988:
949:and sparsely north to
926:
809:
735:
726:World War II and after
647:
630:
622:
602:
543:
144:32.41750°N 117.26050°W
2607:Los Coronados Islands
2539:"History of Coronado"
2272:Phyllospadix scouleri
2215:Nicotiana clevelandii
1919:Achnatherum diegoense
1905:Nuttallanthus texanus
1869:Papaver heterophyllum
1770:Calochortus splendens
1699:Trifolium willdenovii
1484:Extriplex californica
1292:Cryptantha intermedia
1222:Malacothrix insularis
1134:Artemisia californica
1061:
1002:Artemisia californica
983:
971:Santa Catalina Island
912:
807:
733:
628:
620:
600:
593:mat hasil ewik kakap.
541:
304:North American plates
18:South Coronado Island
3047:10.3398/064.078.0410
2777:Owen, Chris (1999).
2451:California sea lions
2437:arboreal salamanders
2308:improve this article
2148:Galium angustifolium
2106:Oligomeris linifolia
1805:Claytonia perfoliata
1756:Pholistoma racemosum
1370:Bergerocactus emoryi
1046:Galium angustifolium
985:Bergerocactus emoryi
922:Bergerocactus emoryi
903:Bergerocactus emoryi
851:and a dependence on
841:sage scrub ecosystem
648:Los Cuatro Coronados
312:Tijuana Municipality
268:Coronado, California
232:Mat hasil ewik kakap
202:Tijuana Municipality
149:32.41750; -117.26050
2208:Lycium californicum
2166:Galium coronadoense
2081:Clematis pauciflora
1996:Gilia achilleifolia
1862:Eschscholzia ramosa
1685:Lupinus succulentus
1441:Aphanisma blitoides
1331:Descurainia pinnata
1313:Cryptantha maritima
1229:Malacothrix similis
1215:Malacothrix foliosa
1208:Logfia filaginoides
1187:Lasthenia coronaria
1173:Hazardia berberidis
1159:Encelia californica
1040:Galium coronadoense
1005:), lemonade berry (
963:Todos Santos Island
937:to the vicinity of
682:Commercial ventures
639:Las Islas Desiertas
520: /
470: /
401: /
351: /
140: /
39:
2957:10.1007/BF00045507
2574:San Diego Magazine
2408:Scripps's murrelet
2323:"Coronado Islands"
2254:Parietaria hespera
2222:Solanum americanum
1961:Elymus triticoides
1954:Elymus condensatus
1947:Distichlis spicata
1798:Cistanthe maritima
1784:Malva occidentalis
1749:Pholistoma auritum
1656:Acmispon maritimus
1590:Dudleya lanceolata
1448:Atriplex canescens
1391:Opuntia littoralis
1384:Mammillaria dioica
1278:Uropappus lindleyi
1201:Leptosyne maritima
1194:Lasthenia gracilis
1067:
993:coastal sage scrub
989:
927:
897:Opuntia littoralis
872:coastal sage scrub
810:
736:
697:La Baja California
643:Sebastián Vizcaíno
631:
623:
608:Radiocarbon dating
603:
561:indigenous peoples
544:
524:32.417°N 117.250°W
474:32.417°N 117.267°W
405:32.417°N 117.267°W
355:32.433°N 117.300°W
259:indigenous peoples
3007:978-1-889878-44-7
2922:978-0-916251-18-5
2892:978-0-520-24955-4
2384:
2383:
2376:
2358:
2088:Delphinium parryi
1968:Melica imperfecta
1933:Bromus arizonicus
1724:chrysanthemifolia
1692:Lupinus truncatus
1667:Acmispon watsonii
1572:Dudleya attenuata
1466:Atriplex serenana
1459:Atriplex pacifica
1352:Lepidium oblongum
1180:Hazardia orcuttii
1090:Rhus integrifolia
1065:on Coronado Norte
1008:Rhus integrifolia
997:drought-deciduous
925:visible around it
834:Plant communities
799:lighthouse keeper
720:glass bottom boat
665:Dead Man's Island
653:four crowned ones
235:) are a group of
207:
206:
16:(Redirected from
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3149:
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3118:
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2684:
2663:
2662:
2661:on July 22, 2012
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2476:
2475:
2379:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2316:
2292:
2284:
1982:Nassella pulchra
1940:Bromus carinatus
1926:Agrostis pallens
1823:Mirabilis laevis
1731:Phacelia distans
1635:Euphorbia misera
1617:Marah macrocarpa
1558:Crassula connata
1505:Peritoma arborea
1491:Suaeda taxifolia
1412:Silene laciniata
973:in the southern
939:Punta San Carlos
919:in flower, with
880:species richness
849:succulent plants
749:In May 1943 the
740:Second World War
650:
577:La Jolla complex
535:
534:
532:
531:
530:
529:32.417; -117.250
525:
521:
518:
517:
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505:) is located at
485:
484:
482:
481:
480:
479:32.417; -117.267
475:
471:
468:
467:
466:
463:
455:) is located at
449:Central Coronado
416:
415:
413:
412:
411:
410:32.417; -117.267
406:
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399:
398:
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386:) is located at
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360:32.433; -117.300
356:
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336:) is located at
314:in the state of
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224:
211:Coronado Islands
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96:Coronado Islands
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38:Coronado Islands
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2282:
2277:
2194:Jepsonia parryi
2180:Aesculus parryi
1841:Piperia cooperi
1738:Phacelia ixodes
1713:Hydrophyllaceae
1649:Acmispon glaber
1583:Dudleya candida
1565:Dudleya anomala
1405:Caryophyllaceae
1398:Opuntia oricola
1236:Perityle emoryi
1112:Daucus pusillus
1072:
1063:Dudleya candida
959:Isla San Martin
931:Baja California
916:Dudleya candida
836:
831:
826:
820:and fishermen.
795:Baja California
760:, commanded by
728:
684:
669:Corpus Christi.
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445:Coronado Centro
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376:Pilón de Azúcar
359:
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316:Baja California
288:
280:wildlife refuge
248:Baja California
219:Islas Coronados
190:Baja California
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3155:External links
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3139:(3): 225–230.
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784:patrol bombing
762:L. Ron Hubbard
727:
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683:
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661:The Sarcophagi
657:Old Stone Face
581:J.P Harrington
555:
552:
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546:
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499:South Coronado
492:
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373:
330:North Coronado
326:Coronado Norte
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276:L. Ron Hubbard
215:Islas Coronado
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168:Administration
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3133:Herpetologica
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2822:1-55013-027-7
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2412:brown boobies
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2400:storm-petrels
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2325: –
2324:
2320:
2319:Find sources:
2313:
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2297:This article
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2189:
2188:
2187:Saxifragaceae
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2154:
2153:
2152:angustifolium
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2074:Ranunculaceae
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2035:Polypodiaceae
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2029:
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2022:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2015:
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2000:abrotanifolia
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563:(such as the
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44:Native name:
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3115:. Retrieved
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2896:, retrieved
2882:
2879:"Sage Scrub"
2861:
2856:
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2838:
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2806:
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2782:
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2656:the original
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2577:. Retrieved
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2306:Please help
2301:verification
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2014:Polygonaceae
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1898:heterophylla
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1848:Papaveraceae
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1551:Crassulaceae
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1324:Brassicaceae
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1285:Boraginaceae
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1227:
1220:
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1206:
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1185:
1178:
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1152:glabriuscula
1151:
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1126:Amblyopappus
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967:San Clemente
928:
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913:The endemic
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692:Mexican Navy
689:
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503:South Island
502:
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495:Coronado Sur
494:
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423:amphitheater
383:
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334:North Island
333:
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289:
256:
218:
214:
210:
208:
197:Municipality
174:
2527:): 106–118.
2419:rattlesnake
2265:Zosteraceae
2258:californica
2229:Themidaceae
2173:Sapindaceae
2049:Pteridaceae
1834:Orchidaceae
1827:crassifolia
1530:cyclostegia
1338:brachycarpa
935:San Vicente
865:subtropical
766:Scientology
716:Silver Gate
704:prohibition
527: /
477: /
408: /
384:Middle Rock
358: /
272:Scientology
264:tied island
221:; English:
147: /
135:117°15.63′W
123:Coordinates
3178:Categories
3117:2021-01-15
2898:2022-02-05
2616:0910856370
2465:References
2392:cormorants
2364:March 2022
2334:newspapers
2247:Urticaceae
2201:Solanaceae
2113:Rhamnaceae
2099:Resedaceae
1887:subsessile
1791:Montiaceae
1621:macrocarpa
1536:intermedia
1498:Cleomaceae
1470:davidsonii
1427:macrotheca
1305:johnstonii
1299:intermedia
1119:Asteraceae
945:up to the
818:snorkelers
708:Depression
370:Point Loma
132:32°25.05′N
3055:1527-0904
3016:915358516
2965:0042-3106
2945:Vegetatio
2721:133969867
2713:1556-4894
2240:capitatum
2141:Rubiaceae
2092:maritimum
2060:pubescens
1777:Malvaceae
1763:Liliaceae
1602:semiteres
1576:attenuata
1452:canescens
1416:laciniata
1363:Cactaceae
1104:Apiastrum
853:ocean fog
751:U.S. Navy
718:towing a
435:spp. and
427:sandstone
286:Geography
108:Geography
3071:91327690
3063:27102201
2981:33254787
2973:20046579
2396:pelicans
2127:Rosaceae
1809:mexicana
1642:Fabaceae
1356:insulare
1317:maritima
1128:pusillus
1097:Apiaceae
863:and the
744:foxholes
589:mexéelam
573:ceramics
565:Kumeyaay
515:117°15′W
465:117°16′W
396:117°16′W
346:117°18′W
266:city of
227:Kumeyaay
113:Location
32:Coronado
3145:3889775
2846:19 June
2813:106–107
2788:3 March
2579:4 March
2549:4 March
2348:scholar
1912:Poaceae
1742:plumosa
1678:lonchus
1598:Dudleya
1509:globosa
885:Dudleya
876:endemic
868:deserts
859:of the
824:Ecology
779:of the
775:, BuNo
585:Luiseño
549:History
512:32°25′N
462:32°25′N
438:Dudleya
432:Opuntia
393:32°25′N
343:32°26′N
300:Pacific
252:endemic
241:Mexican
237:islands
3143:
3069:
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3014:
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2979:
2971:
2963:
2919:
2889:
2819:
2760:
2719:
2711:
2613:
2545:. 2012
2404:alcids
2402:, and
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2321:
1344:glabra
814:divers
781:VPB-13
757:PC-815
667:, and
569:midden
176:Mexico
3141:JSTOR
3089:(PDF)
3067:S2CID
3059:JSTOR
2977:S2CID
2969:JSTOR
2717:S2CID
2659:(PDF)
2648:(PDF)
2513:(PDF)
2455:seals
2388:gulls
2355:JSTOR
2341:books
2280:Fauna
2256:var.
2238:ssp.
2150:ssp.
2090:ssp.
2058:var.
1998:ssp.
1896:var.
1885:ssp.
1825:var.
1807:ssp.
1740:var.
1722:var.
1676:var.
1658:ssp.
1619:var.
1574:ssp.
1534:ssp.
1528:ssp.
1507:var.
1468:var.
1450:ssp.
1425:var.
1414:ssp.
1354:var.
1342:var.
1336:var.
1315:var.
1303:var.
1297:var.
943:mesas
829:Flora
651:(the
419:guano
244:state
185:State
3051:ISSN
3012:OCLC
3002:ISBN
2961:ISSN
2917:ISBN
2887:ISBN
2848:2016
2817:ISBN
2790:2022
2758:ISBN
2709:ISSN
2611:ISBN
2581:2022
2556:day.
2551:2022
2525:UNEP
2453:and
2327:news
1150:var.
1070:Taxa
1043:and
969:and
961:and
777:7051
755:USS
488:cove
302:and
209:The
3043:doi
2953:doi
2949:117
2701:doi
2310:by
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953:in
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843:of
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501:or
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332:or
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