75:
302:), with a total length of 260 mm (10.2 in) including a tail of about 86 mm (3.4 in). Males are larger than females and average 176 g (6.2 oz) in weight while the females average 136 g (4.8 oz). The dorsal fur is cinnamon brown with the underparts rather paler and tinged with buff or reddish-yellow. The feet and tail are white or pale buff. As with other members of this family, the external
50:
287:
31:
406:
is a solitary animal and creates shallow tunnels above which are a series of mounds of excavated material. The soil is pushed upwards by the front limbs and chest and creates a fan-shaped mound with the tunnel at one side. The burrow entrance is immediately blocked with soil. These shallow tunnels
434:
below ground, and on green plants such as grasses, sedges and weeds which it can reach from near the entrance to the burrow. Large quantities of vegetation are gathered and carried back to store chambers in the burrow. Because its burrows promote plant growth, a case can be made that they are
414:
is about four weeks and the average litter size is two. Despite this low level of fecundity, the southeastern pocket gopher is a common animal, implying that there is good survivability of the offspring. The presence of green forage in the diet and the fact that
1642:
407:
are connected to a deeper tunnel system by a spiral "staircase". Down below are the food chambers and a nest chamber which may contain dried vegetation and plant fibres.
1632:
1462:
1627:
1540:
1617:
439:
share the burrows with the gophers, including about fourteen species that are found nowhere else. The gophers are attracted to cultivated land, particularly
1436:
1475:
759:
419:
sometimes feed on them show that the gophers do emerge above ground sometimes. However, predators underground are few, the chief dangers being
720:
641:
1637:
375:
may represent a distinct species. Genetic studies have shown it to be relatively different genetically from the other subspecies, and
568:
1501:
1519:
1480:
963:
185:
1154:
1091:
843:
1514:
1004:
752:
364:) habitats. Its presence in any area is obvious because of the numerous piles of sandy soil it pushes to the surface.
1222:
929:
698:
1545:
1046:
870:
861:
834:
263:
584:
Sudman, Philip D.; Wickliffe, Jeffrey K.; Horner, Peggy; Smolen, Michael J.; Robert, Bradley D. (24 August 2006).
213:
1139:
306:
can be turned inside-out for grooming purposes. It is well adapted for living underground with large, protruding
888:
231:
225:
219:
74:
1190:
938:
201:
1334:
1318:
1309:
238:
207:
1350:
1290:
1281:
1231:
1064:
1037:
1013:
745:
1209:
1184:
1579:
1254:
957:
658:
169:
1216:
737:
522:
1423:
1397:
1272:
1073:
1055:
947:
920:
879:
323:
295:
271:
356:
and other hardwood trees. Away from the sand dunes, it occurs in longleaf pine woodland and scrubby
1388:
1263:
1199:
1115:
979:
852:
499:
384:
39:
1532:
663:
372:
352:
69:
1584:
1467:
1566:
1410:
1082:
726:
716:
637:
633:
564:
558:
347:
1594:
1571:
998:
973:
710:
601:
494:
411:
410:
Breeding takes place in spring and summer, peaking around
February/March and June/July. The
318:
This gopher is restricted to the southeastern part of the United States, where it occurs in
1493:
1622:
1553:
694:
444:
331:
330:. It occupies several different dry, sandy habitats; it occurs in sand-hill country with
1402:
339:
476:
1611:
1488:
808:
769:
706:
626:
485:
259:
59:
54:
430:
The southeastern pocket gopher is active throughout the year. It feeds on roots and
1415:
1028:
440:
357:
310:
teeth, used for tearing at roots, and powerful claws on the forefeet for digging.
1527:
1506:
1449:
1382:
1130:
1106:
825:
688:
Ecological
Engineers: Southeastern Pocket Gophers are one of Nature's Architects
303:
1373:
814:
606:
585:
380:
286:
730:
456:
436:
392:
86:
30:
1558:
1367:
796:
790:
388:
106:
1441:
431:
327:
319:
307:
275:
267:
523:"Systematic Status of the Cumberland Island Georgia USA Pocket Gopher
1454:
903:
802:
784:
659:"The Question You Didn't Know Needed Answering: Are Gophers Farmers?"
448:
424:
146:
136:
126:
116:
96:
1344:
420:
285:
712:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
687:
1428:
1348:
741:
452:
416:
715:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 863.
533:(6). North Carolina State Museum of Natural History: 141–151
294:
The southeastern pocket gopher is rather smaller than the
628:
A Guide to the
Mammals of the Southeastern United States
586:"Molecular Systematics of Pocket Gophers of the Genus
1357:
1307:
1244:
1173:
1152:
1128:
1104:
1026:
901:
823:
290:
Closeup of its protruding teeth and fossorial claws
625:
557:Whitaker, John O.; Hamilton, William John (1998).
563:. Cornell University Press. pp. 259–263.
500:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42589A22218215.en
753:
8:
1643:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1345:
1170:
760:
746:
738:
552:
550:
548:
346:), and it also occurs in slightly moister
48:
29:
20:
605:
498:
1633:Fauna of the Southeastern United States
619:
617:
467:
350:(low mounds) among the sand-hills with
278:, where it is the only pocket gopher.
632:. Univ. of Tennessee Press. pp.
7:
1628:Endemic rodents of the United States
560:Mammals of the Eastern United States
1618:IUCN Red List least concern species
486:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
391:with their host species within the
690:– University of Florida fact sheet
14:
73:
521:Laerm, Joshua (December 1981).
844:Oriental Basin pocket gopher (
657:Whang, Oliver (11 July 2022).
1:
1005:Central Texas pocket gopher (
989:Southeastern pocket gopher (
964:Knox Jones's pocket gopher (
835:Yellow-faced pocket gopher (
379:have a different species of
1092:Underwood's pocket gopher (
889:Flat-headed pocket gopher (
24:Southeastern pocket gopher
1659:
1223:Townsend's pocket gopher (
930:Attwater's pocket gopher (
264:southeastern United States
250:southeastern pocket gopher
1638:Mammals described in 1817
1331:
1319:Michoacan pocket gopher (
1047:Cherrie's pocket gopher (
871:Merriam's pocket gopher (
862:Goldman's pocket gopher (
779:
768:Extant species of family
607:10.1644/05-MAMM-A-349R2.1
443:crops, and can also be a
198:
193:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1291:Northern pocket gopher (
1282:Mountain pocket gopher (
1232:Southern pocket gopher (
1140:Buller's pocket gopher (
1065:Variable pocket gopher (
1038:Chiriqui pocket gopher (
1014:Tropical pocket gopher (
911:(Eastern pocket gophers)
709:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
624:Brown, Larry N. (1997).
314:Distribution and habitat
1255:Wyoming pocket gopher (
1191:Botta's pocket gopher (
939:Baird's pocket gopher (
1273:Mazama pocket gopher (
1074:Hispid pocket gopher (
1056:Darien pocket gopher (
948:Plains pocket gopher (
921:Desert pocket gopher (
880:Perote pocket gopher (
493:: e.T42589A115192878.
435:farmers. A number of
291:
262:that is native to the
1580:Paleobiology Database
1264:Idaho pocket gopher (
1200:Camas pocket gopher (
1116:Giant pocket gopher (
980:Texas pocket gopher (
958:Geomys jugossicularis
853:Smoky pocket gopher (
475:Cassola, F. (2017) .
289:
594:Journal of Mammalogy
525:Geomys cumberlandius
371:, found west of the
296:plains pocket gopher
1210:Thomomys nayarensis
1185:Thomomys atrovarius
1083:Big pocket gopher (
385:nominate subspecies
214:G. p. cumberlandius
40:Conservation status
664:The New York Times
373:Apalachicola River
353:Quercus virginiana
292:
258:) is a species of
1605:
1604:
1567:Open Tree of Life
1351:Taxon identifiers
1342:
1341:
1303:
1302:
1217:Thomomys sheldoni
1167:
914:
773:
722:978-0-8018-8221-0
643:978-0-87049-966-1
387:. Lice typically
246:
245:
63:
16:Species of rodent
1650:
1598:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1575:
1574:
1562:
1561:
1549:
1548:
1536:
1535:
1523:
1522:
1510:
1509:
1497:
1496:
1484:
1483:
1471:
1470:
1458:
1457:
1445:
1444:
1432:
1431:
1419:
1418:
1406:
1405:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1346:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1159:
913:
912:
908:
772:(Pocket gophers)
771:
762:
755:
748:
739:
734:
676:
675:
673:
671:
654:
648:
647:
631:
621:
612:
611:
609:
581:
575:
574:
554:
543:
542:
540:
538:
518:
512:
511:
509:
507:
502:
472:
412:gestation period
377:G. p. mobilensis
369:G. p. mobilensis
300:Geomys bursarius
232:G. p. mobilensis
226:G. p. fontanelus
220:G. p. floridanus
181:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1593:
1591:
1583:
1578:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1554:Observation.org
1552:
1544:
1539:
1531:
1526:
1518:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1492:
1487:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1440:
1435:
1427:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1401:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1353:
1343:
1338:
1327:
1299:
1240:
1164:pocket gophers)
1163:
1162:(Smooth-toothed
1161:
1160:
1158:
1148:
1124:
1100:
1022:
910:
909:
907:
897:
819:
775:
766:
723:
693:
684:
682:Further reading
679:
669:
667:
656:
655:
651:
644:
623:
622:
615:
583:
582:
578:
571:
556:
555:
546:
536:
534:
520:
519:
515:
505:
503:
474:
473:
469:
465:
401:
367:The subspecies
336:Pinus palustris
316:
284:
266:. It occurs in
235:
229:
223:
217:
211:
205:
202:G. p. austrinus
189:
183:
177:
164:
161:G. pinetis
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1656:
1654:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1589:
1576:
1563:
1550:
1537:
1524:
1511:
1498:
1485:
1472:
1459:
1446:
1433:
1420:
1407:
1403:Geomys_pinetis
1394:
1389:Geomys pinetis
1379:
1363:
1361:
1359:Geomys pinetis
1355:
1354:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1180:
1178:
1168:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1011:
1002:
995:
986:
977:
970:
961:
954:
945:
936:
927:
917:
915:
899:
898:
896:
895:
886:
877:
868:
859:
850:
841:
831:
829:
821:
820:
818:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
780:
777:
776:
767:
765:
764:
757:
750:
742:
736:
735:
721:
701:Geomys pinetis
691:
683:
680:
678:
677:
649:
642:
613:
600:(4): 668–676.
576:
569:
544:
513:
479:Geomys pinetis
466:
464:
461:
400:
397:
344:Quercus laevis
315:
312:
283:
280:
255:Geomys pinetis
244:
243:
196:
195:
191:
190:
184:
179:Geomys pinetis
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
156:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1655:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1596:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1266:T. idahoensis
1262:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1225:T. townsendii
1221:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1202:T. bulbivorus
1198:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1094:H. underwoodi
1090:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1016:G. tropicalis
1012:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
992:
987:
985:
983:
982:G. personatus
978:
976:
975:
971:
969:
967:
966:G. knoxjonesi
962:
960:
959:
955:
953:
951:
946:
944:
942:
937:
935:
933:
928:
926:
924:
919:
918:
916:
906:
905:
900:
894:
892:
887:
885:
883:
882:C. perotensis
878:
876:
874:
869:
867:
865:
860:
858:
856:
851:
849:
847:
846:C. fulvescens
842:
840:
838:
833:
832:
830:
828:
827:
822:
816:
813:Superfamily:
812:
810:
809:Castorimorpha
806:
804:
800:
798:
794:
792:
788:
786:
782:
781:
778:
774:
763:
758:
756:
751:
749:
744:
743:
740:
732:
728:
724:
718:
714:
713:
708:
707:Wilson, D. E.
704:
702:
696:
695:Patton, J. L.
692:
689:
686:
685:
681:
666:
665:
660:
653:
650:
645:
639:
635:
630:
629:
620:
618:
614:
608:
603:
599:
595:
591:
589:
580:
577:
572:
570:0-8014-3475-0
566:
562:
561:
553:
551:
549:
545:
532:
528:
526:
517:
514:
501:
496:
492:
488:
487:
482:
480:
471:
468:
462:
460:
459:plantations.
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
413:
408:
405:
398:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
354:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:longleaf pine
329:
325:
321:
313:
311:
309:
305:
304:cheek pouches
301:
297:
288:
281:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:pocket gopher
257:
256:
251:
242:
241:
240:
234:
233:
228:
227:
222:
221:
216:
215:
210:
209:
208:G. p. colonus
204:
203:
197:
192:
187:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1358:
1333:
1321:Z. trichopus
1320:
1308:
1293:T. talpoides
1292:
1284:T. monticola
1283:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1246:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1176:Megascapheus
1175:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1067:H. heterodus
1066:
1058:H. dariensis
1057:
1048:
1039:
1029:Heterogeomys
1027:
1015:
1006:
999:G. streckeri
997:
990:
988:
981:
974:G. lutescens
972:
965:
956:
950:G. bursarius
949:
941:G. breviceps
940:
932:G. attwateri
931:
923:G. arenarius
922:
902:
891:C. planiceps
890:
881:
872:
863:
854:
845:
837:C. castanops
836:
824:
711:
700:
668:. Retrieved
662:
652:
627:
597:
593:
587:
579:
559:
537:18 September
535:. Retrieved
530:
524:
516:
504:. Retrieved
490:
484:
478:
470:
441:sweet potato
429:
409:
403:
402:
376:
368:
366:
362:Pinus clausa
361:
351:
343:
335:
317:
299:
293:
254:
253:
249:
247:
237:
230:
224:
218:
212:
206:
200:
199:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
1528:NatureServe
1450:iNaturalist
1383:Wikispecies
1234:T. umbrinus
1131:Pappogeomys
1107:Orthogeomys
1076:H. hispidus
1049:H. cherriei
1007:G. texensis
873:C. merriami
864:C. goldmani
826:Cratogeomys
455:crops, and
282:Description
239:G. p. goffi
194:Subspecies
1612:Categories
1310:Zygogeomys
1257:T. clusius
1142:P. bulleri
1118:O. grandis
1040:H. cavator
991:G. pinetis
855:C. fumosus
815:Geomyoidea
807:Suborder:
770:Geomyidae
531:Brimleyana
463:References
437:arthropods
404:G. pinetis
340:turkey oak
186:Rafinesque
1275:T. mazama
1245:Subgenus
1193:T. bottae
1174:Subgenus
1085:H. lanius
783:Kingdom:
457:sugarcane
393:Geomyidae
383:than the
358:sand pine
155:Species:
137:Geomyidae
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1533:2.103532
1520:12800083
1468:10201158
1374:Q1767114
1368:Wikidata
1335:Category
1247:Thomomys
1155:Thomomys
803:Rodentia
797:Mammalia
791:Chordata
789:Phylum:
785:Animalia
731:62265494
697:(2005).
506:10 March
432:rhizomes
389:speciate
348:hammocks
133:Family:
127:Rodentia
117:Mammalia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1507:1001863
1442:2439377
801:Order:
795:Class:
670:14 July
425:weasels
399:Ecology
328:Florida
324:Georgia
320:Alabama
308:incisor
276:Florida
272:Georgia
268:Alabama
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1623:Geomys
1595:110183
1592:uBio:
1572:883161
1546:100306
1481:180218
1429:328049
904:Geomys
729:
719:
640:
636:–110.
588:Geomys
567:
449:peanut
421:snakes
338:) and
274:, and
188:, 1817
148:Geomys
1585:46626
1559:83525
1494:42589
1463:IRMNG
1455:44057
1416:3FQC8
705:. In
381:louse
1541:NCBI
1489:IUCN
1476:ITIS
1437:GBIF
727:OCLC
717:ISBN
672:2022
638:ISBN
565:ISBN
539:2020
508:2022
491:2016
451:and
445:pest
423:and
417:owls
326:and
248:The
1515:MSW
1502:MDD
1424:EoL
1411:CoL
1398:ADW
634:108
602:doi
495:doi
453:pea
447:in
1614::
1582::
1569::
1556::
1543::
1530::
1517::
1504::
1491::
1478::
1465::
1452::
1439::
1426::
1413::
1400::
1385::
1370::
725:.
661:.
616:^
598:87
596:.
592:.
547:^
529:.
489:.
483:.
427:.
395:.
322:,
270:,
1323:)
1295:)
1286:)
1277:)
1268:)
1259:)
1236:)
1227:)
1204:)
1195:)
1144:)
1120:)
1096:)
1087:)
1078:)
1069:)
1060:)
1051:)
1042:)
1018:)
1009:)
993:)
984:)
968:)
952:)
943:)
934:)
925:)
893:)
884:)
875:)
866:)
857:)
848:)
839:)
761:e
754:t
747:v
733:.
703:"
699:"
674:.
646:.
610:.
604::
590:"
573:.
541:.
527:"
510:.
497::
481:"
477:"
360:(
342:(
334:(
298:(
252:(
236:†
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
