270:
or make use of their tribe name. The Oromo are more than 7000 years old and originated in southern
Ethiopia expanding once the Oromo migrations began near 1530. There are 15 Oromo dialects with the possibility of more that have not been documented. These dialects are split into 3 major groups, Western, Eastern and Southern. Ethiopia has the largest amount of Oromo speakers with 33.8% or around 27 million, whilst Kenya has a relatively lower amount around 300,000 and Somalia with a mentionable 45,000. Oromo is one of the official languages in Ethiopia but brings mixed reactions among its use. Kenya does not recognize Oromo as an official language and continues to keep its distance as a whole. Though the elder Kenyans still use Oromo the younger generation operate solely on Swahili and English, the two officially recognized languages.
235:
of the 37 million Oromo speakers up to 18 million are speaking
Boraana Oromo. The Boraana speakers and people are solely based in the southern region (Oromia) of Ethiopia and the northern frontier district of Kenya. Most Kenyan Boraana people can be found in towns like Tula, Garba, Isiolo and Marsabit. Young Ethiopians that have migrated to Marsabit have very strong knowledge of the Boraana language. Boraana is a major dialect of the Oromo language but as of yet does not have extensive easily accessible information documented.
5058:
4990:
239:
people. This Gadaa practice can only be found within a handful of
Cushitic speaking societes in Ethiopia. The Boraana people, practices and language are fascinating and even in current times only a couple books written have a clear in depth description on the topic of Boraana Oromo phonology and morhphology (Harry Stroomers Grammar of Boraana Oromo and his other Studies of Oromo in general).
3579:
pronouns and postpositions have a "base" form in direct object position, predicate position, in temporal and locative expressions, before postpositions and suffixes and in word-by-word elicitation." There is also subject marking which varies the noun phrase categories. Adjectives and nouns are marked for subject by suffixes while demonstrative and personal pronouns have separate forms.
4639:"The irreducible element of any verbal form is termed the verb root". The root conveys lexical meaning and can be extended with suffixes to the verb stem and reduplicative extensions prefixed to the verb stem. Both the simple and the extended verb stem have suffixed markers associated with categories of number, person, gender, tense and affirmation/negation.
3884:
Numbers can be specified or unspecified by plural and singulative suffixes but more often than not nouns are unspecified by number. In a sense this means sometimes you will have no way to decifer what is one or plenty in number but the context can provide this information. There are some restrictions
269:
Oromo is valued as an important
African language, and according to Grover Hudson it is "one of the five or six most important languages in Africa". Previously the Oromo population were referred to as "Galla" (the term description disputed) but have adapted the self name Oromo to indicate themselves,
234:
Boraana Oromo is one of the many Oromo languages spoken amongst
Ethiopians and Kenyans. Boraana Oromo (Southern Oromo) derives from the Afrosiatic language family whilst belonging to the Cushitic branch. Oromo has the largest number of speakers out the Cushitic branch at an estimated 37 million. Out
2866:
in the initial and medial position. Occasionally a will occur but there is no specification to decipher whether is an allophone of long vowel ee but most tend to assume exactly that due to lack of finality on the topic. Final position vowels are phonetically short and are realized as a vowel plus
1291:
Within the
Boraana language there are consonants, allophones of consonants, vowels and stress. Boraana Oromo is a tonal language and is very unique but have common similarities with some of the other dialects of Oromo. The smallest unit of meaningful sound are called phonemes and are present within
4098:
Adjectives usually end in a long vowel in the base form which consist of a root or a root plus an extension. Adjectives also can be masculine or feminine agreeing in gender with the noun they modify whilst some adjectives possess no gender. One can determine the gender by looking at the adjectival
3413:
There are many morphological processes that take place within
Boraana Oromo. Consonant clusters across morpheme boundaries originate in verb forms, nouns, adjectives occasionally having two realizations due to free variation, a gap in data, or a semantic block on one of the variants. Due to these
242:
The
Boraana dialect of Oromo is an important depiction of Southern Oromo and has unique systems that make up the language. Though Boraana is unique in its own systems, it does share some cluster simplification rules in the verb paradigm with Orma (another Southern Oromo dialect). Previously B. W.
238:
Commonly
Boraana is referred to locally as Afaan Borana and has been spelled and described several different ways (Borana, Boraana, Borena, Booranaa, Southern Oromo).The Gadaa system (an age-grading system) also known as generation grading, has been practiced without interruption by the Boraana
3205:
With the exclusion of preverbal short final vowels, usually preverbal syllables in present and past affirmative statements have stress. Differentiation between the preverbal stress rule or the presence of a stressed linker clitic is not always possible when determining how the preverbal stress
3578:
In some instances the numeral can come between the noun and adjective, between the possessive and the adjective, and between the adjective and demonstrative or at the end of the noun phrase. "Nouns, adjectives, numerals, demonstratives, personal pronouns, possessives, reflexive and reciprocal
2862:(woman). Andrzejewski (1957) gave a description of voiceless vowels in Boraana: "Thus during the articulation of these sounds the tongue and lips are in the same position as during the articulation of vowels, but breath is substituted for voice". Long vowels are essentially double vowels,
3624:
Any other grammatical relations not going through the processes previously mentioned are expressed by the linker clitic. A combination of linker clitic and suffix also express grammatical relations with one relation being able to be expressed in the last element of a noun phrase.
2850:. All of these short vowels are pronounced with little muscular effort having a phonetically lax realization. This occurs before a double consonant or cluster, before a consonant plus final short vowel, and also before an ejective or an implosive consonant. The vowel
261:, the Boraana Genesis translation. In both 1980 and 1982 Owens conducted mentionable and important studies on 'case' and 'tone' in Boraana. Overall a few scholars have conducted valuable contributions to the overall available written text on Boraana Oromo.
1716:
Consonants can be short or long (with the exception of sh, p', ny, and h). When it comes to the spelling the short consonants use the letter once while the long consonants are written twice causing the similar word to have completely different meaning.
1103:
When counting above the number 10 you must attach the added number that replaces the 0 from the 1-9 numbers in order to form the complete number as shown in the graph above for numbers 100, 200, 300, 400. This rule applies for all numbers above 10.
3686:
Isolated nouns are in the base form which is composed of the root alone or the root plus an extension (plural, singulative or derivational suffixes). It is also important to divide nouns according to their final vowels.
2927:
In
Boraana Oromo short vowel noun endings have penultimate or ultimate stress (with exception to the final phonetically voiceless vowel) depending on whether they are feminine (penultimate) or masculine (ultimate).
1891:
Consonants occur single in initial position; intervocalically they occur single, double, or in a cluster of two different consonants but do not occur in word final position. Phonemically, all words end in a vowel.
3111:, and also in verb inflection and derivation (middle voice imperative suffixes, negative imperative suffixes, negative past subordinate suffixes and the first syllable of a verb stem with some exceptions).
2854:
is excluded because it is realized as itself in all environments, therefore not changing. When a short vowel is at the end of a word it becomes voiceless. This process is practiced with words like
243:
Andrzejewski conducted a studies of Boraana Oromo particularly in tone, phonetics, phonology as well as plural formations (1957, 1960, 1962, 1972). In 1973 an informative Boraana dictionary,
821:"Numerals follow the noun. Cardinal and ordinal numbers do not take subject suffixes. After a noun in subject position, cardinal and ordinal numerals are in the base form."
2919:
In the following text and descriptions stress will be indicated by . For instance , , , , etc. Stress functions as a property of morphemes and as a property of sentences.
1119:(f) express gender in ordinal numbers. These elements are only obligatory from 20th onwards but for 1st - 19th there is dialect divergence in the use of these elements.
3897:- water. Nouns with plural suffixes generally refer to counted or countable groups of items while nouns denoting animate beings can take singulative suffixes.
2744:
Vowel sounds /i, e, a, o/ can also be heard as . Vowels can be long or short in final position, medial and initial. All words end with a short or long vowel.
6332:
5876:
4051:(f) are found in limited groups of nouns that have a root ending in -ee. Original singulative meaning can be traced but in some instances they are untraced.
4090:- a man). There are denominal, deverbal and de-adjectival nouns which can be derived from nouns, from adjectives and from verbs by means of suffixes.
1689:
3469:
A noun may be modified by a possessive, an adjective, and a demonstrative and they are also gender sensitive with the following order taking place.
5214:
4733:
Unstressed obligatory clitic that immediately precedes the negative verb forms in main and subordinate clauses in present, past and imperative.
5845:
5470:
5247:
3457:
Within Boraana Oromo there are morphophonemic changes involving vowels and glides, changes in vowels across morpheme boundaries, change of
1632:
249:, was written and published by Venturino but unfortunately lacked consistent transcription. In 1978 the Bible Society of Kenya published
1612:
3756:
Nouns ending in a long vowel are generally feminine whilst nouns ending in short vowels are masculine. Proper names behave like nouns.
1477:
4039:(m) are the singulative suffixes for nouns denoting animate beings, in particular ethnonyms, and are proceed by the epenthetic vowel
3461:
into zero, epenthetic consonants and vowels, inversions of consonant clusters and lengthening of short vowels in a closed syllable.
3150:(First syllable of a verb stem except in the case of main clause affirmative verbs and in verb forms containing a stressed suffix)
6444:
6325:
5869:
4654:
Optional stressed clitic that immediately precedes main clause present and past affirmative verbs with emphasis on the predicate.
1541:
1408:
6492:
2698:
2693:
1527:
105:
6587:
4082:
Nouns are not marked for definiteness but demonstratives are used instead for this purpose and Indefiniteness is expressed by
6827:
1445:
4431:
Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns are invariant for person, gender and number and therefore behave like nouns with forms
4043:. Nouns with a singulative suffix lost their singulative meaning and return to a group of words unspecified for number.
2712:
2707:
1534:
1292:
the Boraana language. Boraana contains 6 passive articulators which may differ in areas yet some merge into each other.
6543:
5159:
2977:
are generally feminine." As noted before feminine nouns mostly have penultimate stress due to ending in a short vowel.
222:
Dialects are Borana proper (Boran, Borena), possibly Arsi (Arussi, Arusi) and Guji (Gujji, Jemjem) in Ethiopia and, in
6832:
6318:
5951:
5862:
2665:
2660:
1550:
6452:
2733:
2728:
1699:
1641:
1401:
1393:
5801:. African Studies Center, Michigan State University in cooperation with Oriental Institute, University of Chicago.
1707:
1567:
1502:
6740:
3069:
have ultimate or penultimate stress in free variation. The final phonetically voiceless vowel is not counted."
2679:
2674:
1681:
6714:
1438:
1431:
1415:
6501:
6638:
6510:
6114:
6006:
5057:
4989:
1675:
1661:
1655:
1470:
1463:
6837:
1590:
1350:
1343:
95:
215:. Günther Schlee also notes that it is the native language of a number of related peoples, such as the
5207:
4474:
Possessives can be masculine or feminine depending on head noun gender and they follow the head noun.
6278:
3673:
3570:
3400:
1705:
1697:
1687:
1679:
1665:
1357:
5829:
A comparative study or three Southern Oromo dialects in Kenya: phonology, morphology, and vocabulary
6776:
6237:
6031:
1484:
6600:
6341:
6059:
6041:
5996:
5885:
5028:
5020:
2268:
1667:
1365:
1315:
100:
6152:
6626:
6553:
6472:
6386:
6242:
6122:
6084:
5841:
5243:
5088:
1604:
1330:
1320:
110:
6760:
6679:
6606:
6560:
6533:
6523:
6467:
6396:
6252:
6232:
6212:
6202:
6197:
6187:
6167:
6157:
6069:
5991:
5904:
5815:
5012:
5003:
Schlee, Günther (1985). "Interethnic Clan Identities among Cushitic-Speaking Pastoralists".
1582:
1310:
1305:
4872:
This element precedes a present subordinate affirmative verb and indicates the adhortative.
3005:
noun endings can be masculine or feminine. This is also the case for Orma and Waata Oromo.
6765:
6755:
6709:
6595:
6570:
6538:
6482:
6477:
6434:
6404:
6367:
6257:
6247:
6227:
6222:
6207:
6192:
6147:
6137:
6132:
6089:
6064:
6011:
5981:
5971:
5956:
5923:
3399:
Mismatch in the number of words between lines: 6 word(s) in line 1, 7 word(s) in line 2 (
1337:
1325:
87:
6808:
6770:
6684:
6674:
6648:
6612:
6577:
6548:
6528:
6518:
6462:
6457:
6362:
6357:
6349:
6262:
6217:
6162:
6142:
6104:
6099:
6079:
6054:
6049:
6026:
6016:
5986:
5976:
5966:
5961:
5946:
5931:
5899:
1376:
200:
140:
115:
3654:
3535:
183:
6821:
6793:
6724:
6719:
6704:
6643:
6379:
6373:
6074:
6021:
6001:
5941:
5936:
5032:
2642:
278:
Oromo can be divided into three dialect groups: west central, eastern, and southern.
216:
212:
68:
6749:
6409:
147:
6294:
3384:
3359:
2654:
2637:
1626:
5819:
5050:
4982:
2720:
2647:
17:
5188:
5045:
3388:
3370:
3291:
3277:
6565:
2867:
glottal stop plus voiceless vowel or as a short vowel plus voiceless vowel.
2687:
1516:
1381:
176:
160:
3392:
3374:
3295:
3281:
3122:(the word preceding it loses its base form stress pattern in this process)
4977:
167:
204:
50:
1912:. This pattern of free variation has also been observed between initial
5838:
A grammar of Boraana Oromo (Kenya): phonology, morphology, vocabularies
5024:
2040:
64:
54:
6310:
6127:
5854:
3889:
and due to their plural concord must be recognized as plural such as
5016:
4749:
4745:
4351:
4347:
3099:
Fixed stress is found on the linker clitic, the linker clitic plus
353:
This alphabetical order is used in the Boraana English vocabulary.
6658:
6299:
4277:
3290:{I (SUBJ)} FOC yesterday knife {market (w/ preverbal stress)} buy+
223:
208:
46:
5806:
Lewis, Herbert S. (1966). "The Origins of the Galla and Somali".
4940:
4844:
4753:
4705:
4701:
4290:
3414:
processes the input consonant differs from the output consonant.
5092:
6314:
5858:
5240:
Towards the Genetic Classification of the Afaan Oromoo Dialects
5208:"The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List"
4944:
4925:
4709:
3658:
3539:
4948:
4936:
4840:
4836:
4697:
4895:
4777:
This element can precede a main clause past affirmative verb.
5668:
5666:
5417:
5415:
4865:
4848:
4770:
4726:
4647:
4355:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2588:
2578:
2571:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2530:
2523:
2513:
2501:
2494:
2484:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2439:
2432:
2422:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2377:
2370:
2360:
2348:
2338:
2331:
2262:
2236:
2218:
2206:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2147:
2128:
2121:
2096:
2074:
2067:
2025:
2000:
1999:
occurs in medial and initial position the voiceless palatal
1994:
1976:
1960:
1944:
1928:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1874:
1860:
1844:
1830:
1814:
1800:
1784:
1770:
1754:
1740:
1276:
1264:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1211:
1199:
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1114:
1108:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1033:
1021:
1009:
997:
985:
973:
961:
949:
937:
925:
913:
901:
889:
877:
865:
853:
841:
792:
777:
762:
747:
732:
717:
702:
687:
661:
646:
631:
616:
601:
586:
571:
556:
541:
526:
511:
496:
481:
466:
451:
436:
421:
406:
391:
376:
256:
250:
5160:"Population and Housing Census 2007 – National Statistical"
1765:
1 particular stone of a fireplace (consisting of 3 stones)
2005:
only occurs in initial and medial position in loanwords.
1658:
can be heard as fricatives when in intervocalic position.
5653:
5651:
5638:
5636:
5575:
5573:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5442:
4885:
4791:
4667:
4407:
4320:
3608:
3501:
3314:
3231:
4921:
5106:
5104:
5102:
4801:
4693:
3325:
3242:
5085:
GADA: Three Approaches to the Study of African Society
3561:
haad'a + tii ijoollee tana afraani ii guddoo hiyeettii
2287:
as a second consonant are possible but less frequent.
226:, Karayu, Salale (Selale), and Gabra (Gabbra, Gebra).
3418:
Summary of consonant clusters morphophonemic process:
3091:
Adjectives follow the same stress patterns as nouns.
6786:
6739:
6697:
6667:
6625:
6586:
6509:
6500:
6491:
6443:
6395:
6348:
6287:
6271:
6180:
6113:
6040:
5922:
5913:
5892:
4957:
he.SUBJ ADH house him LK.GEN enter-3.SG.PRES.SUBORD
3564:
mother + SUBJ children these four LIN=GEN very poor
3206:formed. For example the stress pattern of the word
174:
158:
153:
137:
84:
74:
60:
42:
32:
4857:I.SUBJ FOC yesterday knife market buy-MID-1.SG.PST
4301:An example of personal pronouns in the base form:
1900:In some words there is a free alternation between
3567:"The mother of these four children is very poor"
5469:sfn error: no target: CITEREFAndrzejewski1957 (
3477:haattii ijoolle tana afraanii guddoo hiyeettii
3472:NOUN - POSSESSIVE - ADJECTIVE - DEMONSTRATIVE
2271:. Similar variation occurs in Wellegga Oromo.
6326:
5870:
5187:Gutman, Alejandro; Avanzati, Beatriz (2013).
244:
199:(after one of its dialects), is a variety of
8:
5464:
4718:sister-SUBJ my tomorrow FOC-come-3.F.SG.PRES
4020:A reduction of attested plural suffixes are
252:Wold'ak'isaa Haraa Afaan Boranatiin T'aafani
5840:. Kuschitische Sprachstudien. Köln: Köppe.
4368:
4232:Personal, Reflexive and Reciprocal Pronouns
6631:
6506:
6497:
6333:
6319:
6311:
5919:
5877:
5863:
5855:
4860:"Yesterday I bought a knife at the market"
3397:"Yesterday I bought a knife at the market"
3033:"Nouns ending in the singulative suffixes
2279:Consonant clusters have been found within
29:
4854:aani yaa kalee billaa gabayaa bit-ad'd'-e
1896:Distribution and Allophones of consonants
5814:(1). Cambridge University Press: 27–46.
5780:
5768:
5756:
5744:
5732:
5720:
5708:
5696:
5684:
5672:
5657:
5642:
5627:
5615:
5603:
5591:
5579:
5564:
5552:
5540:
5528:
5507:
5488:
5452:
5433:
5421:
5394:
5358:
5346:
5334:
5322:
5310:
5298:
5286:
5274:
5262:
5134:
5110:
5070:
4476:
4235:
4109:
3902:
3758:
3380:aani yaa kalee billaa gabyaa bit+ad'd'+e
3287:aani yaa kalee billaa gabaya bit+ad'd'+e
3174:that I don't know, that he doesnt' know
3152:
2631:
2289:
2007:
1719:
1299:
1121:
823:
355:
4970:
4783:aani yaa kalee billaa gabayaa bitad'd'e
3140:(Linker clitic functioning as genitive)
4715:obboleettii-ni tiya bori (h)in-d'uf-ti
4457:isiini d'iirsa ufii ufi d'aatuu k'abdi
3383:{I (SUBJ)} FOC yesterday knife market
3037:, have stress on the first syllable."
5406:
5382:
5370:
5146:
5122:
3119:-Linker clitic in genitive function-
2889:This is also the case for Orma Oromo
2295:
1993:While the ejective voiceless palatal
27:Variety of Oromo spoken by the Borana
7:
4364:{I (SUBJ)} once him NEG+see+NEG.PAST
4111:Gender sensitive Adjectival Endings
3904:Summary of attested plural suffixes
1678:can also have a retroflex allophone
4459:- She had her own husband near her
4237:Personal pronouns in the base form
3781:Masculine words short vowel ending
3453:(h)n- or (h)in- + initial consonant
3429:b + t = bt, d' + t = tt, g + t = dd
3215:ani ya kalee bllaa gabaya bitad'd'e
2283:. Overall, consonant clusters with
2275:Consonant clusters within morphemes
1672:when occurring before velar sounds.
4465:- Guyyo and Galgalo saw each other
3672:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
3569:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
3035:-(e)esa, -(e)ensa, -(i)isa, -(i)ca
255:(The New Testament in Borana) and
25:
4022:-oo, -ee, -aa, -ti, -ni, -ii, -ll
3778:Masculine words long vowel ending
3449:d + s =c, d' + s = s, k' + s = ns
3439:b + n = mn, d + n = nn, g + n =nn
3201:Stress as a property of sentences
2923:Stress as a property of morphemes
2732:
2727:
2711:
2706:
2697:
2692:
2678:
2673:
2664:
2659:
1640:
1631:
1611:
1589:
1566:
1549:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1501:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1364:
1356:
1349:
1342:
5056:
4988:
4451:innii daawitii keesaani ufi arge
4439:(together, each other).The word
3885:with masculine nouns ending in -
3164:I do not know, He does not know
3001:It's important to note that the
2009:Initial and medial distribution
5220:from the original on 2012-11-16
4659:obboleettini tiya bori ind'ufti
3765:Feminine nous long vowel ending
3103:, the subject marking suffixes
2952:(f) "navel, umbilical cord"
2846:The short vowel in Boraana are
1969:a girl pregnant before marriage
1686:and can also be heard as a tap
5808:The Journal of African History
5242:. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
5238:Janko, Kebede Hordofa (2012).
4721:"My sister will come tomorrow"
4628:obboleettiini tiya worra jirti
4463:guyyoo*fi galgaloo woli argani
4453:- He saw himself in the mirror
4427:"He is my clever(est) brother"
4099:ending. Masculine endings are
1:
4421:obboleesa kiya k'aroo+ni iisa
5206:Blench, Roger (2006-11-14).
5087:. New York: The Free Press.
4382:obboleesa kiya k'arooni iisa
3268:market (w/ preverbal stress)
2718:
2652:
488:to say bad things, do wrong
80:9.6 million (2019–2024)
5167:Ethiopian Statistics Agency
4954:inni haa mana isa aa seen-u
4618:anini obboleettii tiya arge
3184:that I know, that he knows
1721:Consonant (Short vs. Long)
6854:
4424:brother my clever+SUBJ him
4361:aani takka iisa hin+gar+ne
3017:(f) "pupil of the eye"
2319:
2261:Some instances of initial
2176:
1237:sagaleesoo, kud'a(a)neesoo
458:to reach a place, near to
246:Dizionario Borana-Italiano
6802:
6634:
5820:10.1017/S0021853700006058
5083:Legesse, Asmarom (1973).
4305:in Direct Object Position
4284:
4273:
4262:
4251:
4241:
4103:and feminine endings are
3768:Feminine nouns ending in
2749:Initial position contrast
2297:
2168:
1694:in intervocalic position.
1625:
1603:
1581:
1515:
1375:
1336:
1302:
1255:
1249:kurneesoo, kud'a(a)neesoo
37:
5836:Stroomer, Harry (1995).
5827:Stroomer, Harry (1987).
4960:"May he enter his house"
4877:inni haa mana isaa seenu
4643:Preverbal elements are:
4311:aani takka iisa hingarre
3670:"The house of the chief"
2940:(f) "girl, daughter"
2780:Medial position contrast
1712:only occur in loanwords.
739:to play, amuse one self
357:Southern Oromo alphabet
5046:Southern Oromo language
4931:
4917:
4909:
4901:
4891:
4880:
4866:
4831:
4823:
4815:
4807:
4797:
4786:
4771:
4741:
4727:
4689:
4681:
4673:
4662:
4648:
4443:itself means together.
2811:Final position contrast
2618:
2611:
2604:
2589:
2579:
2572:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2531:
2524:
2514:
2502:
2495:
2485:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2440:
2433:
2423:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2378:
2371:
2361:
2349:
2339:
2332:
2263:
2237:
2219:
2207:
2183:
2170:
2148:
2129:
2122:
2097:
2075:
2068:
2026:
2001:
1995:
1977:
1961:
1945:
1929:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1875:
1861:
1845:
1831:
1815:
1801:
1785:
1771:
1755:
1741:
1277:
1265:
1248:
1236:
1225:saddeesoo, saddeeteesoo
1224:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1115:
1109:
1094:
1082:
1070:
1058:
1046:
1034:
1022:
1010:
998:
986:
974:
962:
950:
938:
926:
914:
902:
890:
878:
866:
854:
842:
793:
778:
763:
748:
733:
718:
703:
688:
662:
647:
632:
617:
602:
587:
572:
557:
542:
527:
512:
497:
482:
467:
452:
437:
422:
407:
392:
377:
257:
251:
4068:- brothers and sisters
3144:"the top of the tree"
2112:to be elastic/flexible
1871:act of watering cattle
1825:to long for, to crave
1107:The deicitic elements
245:
6828:Languages of Ethiopia
4625:- Guyyo is my brother
4623:guyyoo obboleesa kiya
4582:SG - his, PL - their
4376:in Predicate position
2842:Short and long vowels
6279:Kenyan Sign Language
5373:, pp. 122, 133.
4063:- An Ethiopian woman
4028:Singulative suffixes
2871:Long Vowel Examples:
6181:Immigrant languages
5337:, pp. 145–227.
5265:, pp. 149–227.
5193:The Language Gulper
4630:- My sister is home
4553:SG - your, PL your
4479:
4238:
4112:
3905:
3761:
3725:- "Baobab-tree"
3667:house chief LIN=GEN
3155:
2292:
2291:Consonant clusters
2267:can alternate with
2010:
1924:in some instances.
1751:backside (of a hut)
1722:
1278:kaa diddamii tokkoo
1124:
826:
799:cold, cold weather
358:
283:West Central Oromo
265:Brief Oromo History
203:spoken in southern
6833:Languages of Kenya
6342:Cushitic languages
5952:Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki
5893:Official languages
5886:Languages of Kenya
4772:yaa (yaayuu, laa)-
4524:SG - my, PL - our
4477:
4236:
4110:
4058:- An Ethiopian man
3903:
3856:- Female elephant
3759:
3443:final consonant +
3433:final consonant +
3423:final consonant +
3153:
3147:-Verb inflection-
2975:-ii, -ee, -oo, -uu
2962:Exceptions occur:
2946:(f) "darkness"
2879:- I know, he knows
2864:ii, ee, aa, oo, uu
2858:(place, side) and
2788:- family/relatives
2769:- to spend the day
2290:
2008:
1720:
1122:
824:
593:baby, small child
578:crossroad, zigzag
503:a group of people
356:
6815:
6814:
6809:extinct languages
6735:
6734:
6693:
6692:
6621:
6620:
6308:
6307:
6176:
6175:
5847:978-3-927620-27-8
5831:. Hamburg: Buske.
5747:, pp. 69–70.
5675:, pp. 38–39.
5618:, pp. 26–32.
5594:, pp. 22–27.
5543:, pp. 18–20.
5465:Andrzejewski 1957
5424:, pp. 12–13.
5249:978-3-89645-487-4
5054:(24th ed., 2021)
4986:(27th ed., 2024)
4765:"Don't cook (it)"
4620:- I saw my sister
4613:
4612:
4299:
4298:
4229:
4228:
4018:
4017:
3880:
3879:
3305:interpretation 2:
3222:interpretation 1:
3198:
3197:
3065:"Nouns ending in
2973:"Nouns ending in
2800:- Samburu (tribe)
2757:- a kind of grass
2742:
2741:
2625:
2624:
2259:
2258:
1962:c'abana, c'ap'ana
1889:
1888:
1855:intestinal worms
1781:nakedness, nudity
1652:
1651:
1284:
1283:
1101:
1100:
825:Cardinal Numbers
814:
813:
548:to love, to like
533:traveller, guest
398:to speak, to say
190:
189:
16:(Redirected from
6845:
6632:
6561:Somali languages
6507:
6498:
6335:
6328:
6321:
6312:
5920:
5879:
5872:
5865:
5856:
5851:
5832:
5823:
5802:
5799:Oromo Dictionary
5784:
5778:
5772:
5766:
5760:
5754:
5748:
5742:
5736:
5730:
5724:
5718:
5712:
5706:
5700:
5694:
5688:
5682:
5676:
5670:
5661:
5655:
5646:
5640:
5631:
5625:
5619:
5613:
5607:
5601:
5595:
5589:
5583:
5577:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5511:
5505:
5492:
5486:
5475:
5474:
5462:
5456:
5450:
5437:
5431:
5425:
5419:
5410:
5404:
5398:
5392:
5386:
5380:
5374:
5368:
5362:
5356:
5350:
5344:
5338:
5332:
5326:
5320:
5314:
5308:
5302:
5296:
5290:
5284:
5278:
5272:
5266:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5219:
5212:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5164:
5156:
5150:
5144:
5138:
5132:
5126:
5120:
5114:
5108:
5097:
5096:
5080:
5074:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4975:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4927:
4923:
4897:
4887:
4869:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4803:
4793:
4774:
4762:NEG-cook-NEG.IMP
4759:hin-d'aab-in(n)i
4755:
4751:
4747:
4742:hin-d'aab-in(n)i
4730:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4669:
4651:
4480:
4409:
4370:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4322:
4292:
4279:
4239:
4113:
4105:-oo, -tuu, -ttii
3906:
3762:
3695:) a short vowel
3690:Nouns ending in:
3677:
3660:
3656:
3610:
3574:
3541:
3537:
3503:
3404:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3372:
3361:
3327:
3316:
3297:
3293:
3283:
3279:
3244:
3233:
3156:
3085:lkaani or ilkani
3055:- "spider, crab"
2904:
2806:- gate, entrance
2775:- amber necklace
2736:
2731:
2715:
2710:
2701:
2696:
2682:
2677:
2668:
2663:
2632:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2592:
2582:
2575:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2534:
2527:
2517:
2505:
2498:
2488:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2443:
2436:
2426:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2381:
2374:
2364:
2352:
2342:
2335:
2293:
2266:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2212:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2125:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2029:
2011:
2004:
1998:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1937:to have diarrhea
1935:
1932:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1882:
1868:
1852:
1838:
1822:
1808:
1792:
1778:
1762:
1748:
1723:
1711:
1703:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1671:
1664:can be heard as
1663:
1657:
1644:
1635:
1615:
1593:
1570:
1560:
1553:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1396:
1388:
1368:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1300:
1280:
1268:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1125:
1123:Ordinal Numbers
1118:
1112:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1037:
1025:
1013:
1001:
989:
977:
965:
953:
941:
929:
917:
905:
893:
881:
869:
857:
845:
827:
796:
781:
766:
754:a kind of honey
751:
736:
721:
706:
691:
665:
650:
635:
620:
605:
590:
575:
560:
545:
530:
515:
500:
485:
470:
455:
440:
425:
410:
395:
380:
359:
260:
254:
248:
186:
170:
163:
143:
90:
30:
21:
6853:
6852:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6842:
6818:
6817:
6816:
6811:
6798:
6782:
6731:
6689:
6663:
6617:
6582:
6487:
6439:
6391:
6344:
6339:
6309:
6304:
6288:Urban languages
6283:
6267:
6172:
6109:
6036:
5915:
5909:
5888:
5883:
5848:
5835:
5826:
5805:
5796:
5793:
5788:
5787:
5779:
5775:
5767:
5763:
5755:
5751:
5743:
5739:
5731:
5727:
5719:
5715:
5707:
5703:
5695:
5691:
5683:
5679:
5671:
5664:
5656:
5649:
5641:
5634:
5626:
5622:
5614:
5610:
5602:
5598:
5590:
5586:
5578:
5571:
5563:
5559:
5551:
5547:
5539:
5535:
5527:
5514:
5506:
5495:
5487:
5478:
5468:
5463:
5459:
5451:
5440:
5432:
5428:
5420:
5413:
5405:
5401:
5393:
5389:
5381:
5377:
5369:
5365:
5357:
5353:
5349:, pp. 8–9.
5345:
5341:
5333:
5329:
5321:
5317:
5309:
5305:
5297:
5293:
5285:
5281:
5273:
5269:
5261:
5257:
5250:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5210:
5205:
5204:
5200:
5186:
5185:
5181:
5171:
5169:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5145:
5141:
5133:
5129:
5121:
5117:
5109:
5100:
5082:
5081:
5077:
5073:, Introduction.
5069:
5065:
5055:
5044:
5040:
5017:10.2307/1159837
5002:
5001:
4997:
4987:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4952:
4929:
4915:
4907:
4899:
4889:
4878:
4862:
4852:
4829:
4821:
4813:
4805:
4795:
4784:
4778:
4767:
4757:
4739:
4723:
4713:
4687:
4679:
4671:
4660:
4642:
4637:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4492:PL headnoun (f)
4489:PL headnoun (m)
4483:SG headnoun (m)
4472:
4429:
4419:
4411:
4400:
4392:
4384:
4373:
4359:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4313:
4234:
4213:- thin, slender
4195:- thin, slender
4096:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4052:
4030:
3900:
3870:- Earth, ground
3833:- Male chicken
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3732:) a long vowel:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3704:
3691:
3684:
3679:
3671:
3662:
3648:
3640:
3632:
3622:
3612:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3576:
3568:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3529:
3521:
3513:
3505:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3467:
3447:
3437:
3427:
3411:
3406:
3398:
3378:
3363:
3353:
3345:
3337:
3329:
3319:
3307:
3301:
3285:
3270:
3262:
3254:
3246:
3236:
3224:
3203:
3097:
3061:- "cattle tick"
2958:(m) "river"
2925:
2917:
2902:
2844:
2747:
2630:
2323:
2301:
2277:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2240:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2210:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2186:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2101:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2078:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2044:
2039:
2036:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1898:
1885:to be finished
1726:Short Consonant
1558:
1521:
1494:
1457:
1425:
1386:
1380:
1314:
1298:
1289:
1141:k'araa, kwansaa
1131:Southern Oromo
833:Southern Oromo
819:
473:maternal uncle
443:flower, leaves
351:
346:
314:Southern Oromo
276:
267:
232:
182:
166:
159:
144:
139:
133:
91:
88:Language family
86:
77:
76:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6851:
6849:
6841:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6820:
6819:
6813:
6812:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6796:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6745:
6743:
6737:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6729:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6712:
6707:
6701:
6699:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6656:
6654:Southern Oromo
6651:
6646:
6641:
6635:
6629:
6623:
6622:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6603:
6598:
6592:
6590:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6580:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6515:
6513:
6504:
6495:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6449:
6447:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6432:
6431:
6430:
6427:
6424:
6421:
6418:
6415:
6407:
6401:
6399:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6384:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6365:
6360:
6354:
6352:
6346:
6345:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6330:
6323:
6315:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6291:
6289:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6275:
6273:
6272:Sign languages
6269:
6268:
6266:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6184:
6182:
6178:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6119:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6095:Southern Oromo
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6046:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5928:
5926:
5917:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5846:
5833:
5824:
5803:
5797:Gragg (1982).
5792:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5773:
5761:
5749:
5737:
5725:
5713:
5701:
5689:
5677:
5662:
5647:
5632:
5620:
5608:
5596:
5584:
5569:
5557:
5545:
5533:
5512:
5493:
5476:
5467:, p. 364.
5457:
5438:
5426:
5411:
5399:
5387:
5385:, p. 132.
5375:
5363:
5351:
5339:
5327:
5315:
5313:, p. 109.
5303:
5301:, p. 108.
5291:
5279:
5267:
5255:
5248:
5230:
5198:
5179:
5151:
5139:
5127:
5115:
5098:
5075:
5063:
5038:
4995:
4978:Southern Oromo
4969:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4930:
4916:
4908:
4900:
4890:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4830:
4822:
4814:
4806:
4796:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4688:
4680:
4672:
4663:obboleettii-ni
4661:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4636:
4633:
4611:
4610:
4609:SG her, their
4607:
4602:
4597:
4591:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4562:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4545:
4539:
4533:
4526:
4525:
4522:
4516:
4510:
4504:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4486:SG heanoun (f)
4484:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4460:
4454:
4412:
4401:
4393:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4367:"I never met (
4342:
4334:
4326:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4285:isaani, worra
4283:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4189:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4175:- narrow, thin
4170:
4164:
4158:
4151:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4095:
4092:
4029:
4026:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3865:
3858:
3857:
3854:dannabaa arbaa
3851:
3848:
3842:
3835:
3834:
3828:
3822:
3816:
3809:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3766:
3737:- "woman"
3710:- "house"
3683:
3680:
3649:
3641:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3614:woraabesa + ii
3603:
3595:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3552:
3544:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3466:
3463:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3441:
3431:
3410:
3407:
3364:
3354:
3346:
3338:
3330:
3320:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3271:
3263:
3255:
3247:
3237:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3132:(fit'ee mka'a)
3129:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3082:
3079:faani or afani
3063:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3031:
3030:
3029:(m) "name"
3024:
3023:(m) "head"
3018:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2990:
2971:
2970:
2969:(m) "fire"
2960:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2924:
2921:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2887:
2886:
2880:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2777:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2704:
2702:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2671:
2669:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2518:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2489:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2365:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2346:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2281:l, m, n, and r
2276:
2273:
2257:
2256:
2233:
2232:
2203:
2202:
2190:agaraa, agaraa
2180:
2166:
2165:
2145:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2094:
2072:
2064:
2063:
2047:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2015:
1991:
1990:
1978:jidduu, yidduu
1974:
1958:
1942:
1897:
1894:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1872:
1869:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1842:
1839:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1812:
1809:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1782:
1779:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1752:
1749:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1732:Long Consonant
1730:
1727:
1714:
1713:
1695:
1673:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1638:
1636:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1499:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1389:
1384:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1099:
1098:
1095:d'ibba (afuri)
1091:
1087:
1086:
1083:d'ibba (sadii)
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:d'ibba (lamma)
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:d'ibba (tokko)
1055:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1003:
1002:
995:
991:
990:
983:
979:
978:
971:
967:
966:
959:
955:
954:
947:
943:
942:
935:
931:
930:
923:
919:
918:
911:
907:
906:
899:
895:
894:
887:
883:
882:
875:
871:
870:
863:
859:
858:
851:
847:
846:
843:tokko, tokkoca
839:
835:
834:
831:
818:
815:
812:
811:
808:
805:
801:
800:
797:
790:
786:
785:
782:
775:
771:
770:
767:
760:
756:
755:
752:
745:
741:
740:
737:
730:
726:
725:
722:
715:
711:
710:
707:
700:
696:
695:
692:
685:
681:
680:
677:
674:
670:
669:
666:
659:
655:
654:
651:
644:
640:
639:
636:
629:
625:
624:
621:
614:
610:
609:
606:
599:
595:
594:
591:
584:
580:
579:
576:
569:
565:
564:
561:
554:
550:
549:
546:
539:
535:
534:
531:
524:
520:
519:
516:
513:hink'irfad'd'a
509:
505:
504:
501:
494:
490:
489:
486:
479:
475:
474:
471:
464:
460:
459:
456:
449:
445:
444:
441:
434:
430:
429:
426:
419:
415:
414:
411:
404:
400:
399:
396:
389:
385:
384:
383:father; owner
381:
374:
370:
369:
366:
363:
350:
347:
345:
344:
343:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
312:
311:
310:
307:
303:Eastern Oromo
301:
300:
299:
298:Wellegga/Mecha
296:
293:
290:
287:
280:
275:
272:
266:
263:
258:Kitaana Uumama
231:
228:
193:Southern Oromo
188:
187:
180:
172:
171:
164:
156:
155:
154:Language codes
151:
150:
145:
141:Writing system
138:
135:
134:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
121:Southern Oromo
94:
92:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
62:
58:
57:
44:
40:
39:
35:
34:
33:Southern Oromo
26:
24:
18:Southern Oromo
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6850:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6810:
6806:
6801:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6785:
6779:
6778:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6751:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6742:
6738:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6696:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6666:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6639:Eastern Oromo
6637:
6636:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6624:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6608:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6585:
6579:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6544:Rendille–Boni
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6490:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6446:
6445:Highland East
6442:
6436:
6433:
6428:
6425:
6422:
6419:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6394:
6388:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6370:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6336:
6331:
6329:
6324:
6322:
6317:
6316:
6313:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6290:
6286:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6270:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6112:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6039:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5918:
5912:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5880:
5875:
5873:
5868:
5866:
5861:
5860:
5857:
5849:
5843:
5839:
5834:
5830:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5804:
5800:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5783:, p. 74.
5782:
5781:Stroomer 1995
5777:
5774:
5771:, p. 71.
5770:
5769:Stroomer 1995
5765:
5762:
5759:, p. 68.
5758:
5757:Stroomer 1995
5753:
5750:
5746:
5745:Stroomer 1995
5741:
5738:
5735:, p. 67.
5734:
5733:Stroomer 1995
5729:
5726:
5723:, p. 54.
5722:
5721:Stroomer 1995
5717:
5714:
5711:, p. 48.
5710:
5709:Stroomer 1995
5705:
5702:
5699:, p. 47.
5698:
5697:Stroomer 1995
5693:
5690:
5687:, p. 39.
5686:
5685:Stroomer 1995
5681:
5678:
5674:
5673:Stroomer 1995
5669:
5667:
5663:
5660:, p. 37.
5659:
5658:Stroomer 1995
5654:
5652:
5648:
5645:, p. 35.
5644:
5643:Stroomer 1995
5639:
5637:
5633:
5630:, p. 33.
5629:
5628:Stroomer 1995
5624:
5621:
5617:
5616:Stroomer 1995
5612:
5609:
5606:, p. 38.
5605:
5604:Stroomer 1987
5600:
5597:
5593:
5592:Stroomer 1995
5588:
5585:
5582:, p. 21.
5581:
5580:Stroomer 1995
5576:
5574:
5570:
5567:, p. 20.
5566:
5565:Stroomer 1995
5561:
5558:
5555:, p. 19.
5554:
5553:Stroomer 1995
5549:
5546:
5542:
5541:Stroomer 1995
5537:
5534:
5531:, p. 18.
5530:
5529:Stroomer 1995
5525:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5510:, p. 17.
5509:
5508:Stroomer 1995
5504:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5491:, p. 16.
5490:
5489:Stroomer 1995
5485:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5472:
5466:
5461:
5458:
5455:, p. 15.
5454:
5453:Stroomer 1995
5449:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5434:Stroomer 1995
5430:
5427:
5423:
5422:Stroomer 1995
5418:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5403:
5400:
5397:, p. 10.
5396:
5395:Stroomer 1995
5391:
5388:
5384:
5379:
5376:
5372:
5367:
5364:
5360:
5359:Stroomer 1995
5355:
5352:
5348:
5347:Stroomer 1995
5343:
5340:
5336:
5335:Stroomer 1995
5331:
5328:
5324:
5323:Stroomer 1995
5319:
5316:
5312:
5311:Stroomer 1987
5307:
5304:
5300:
5299:Stroomer 1987
5295:
5292:
5289:, p. 59.
5288:
5287:Stroomer 1995
5283:
5280:
5277:, p. 58.
5276:
5275:Stroomer 1995
5271:
5268:
5264:
5263:Stroomer 1995
5259:
5256:
5251:
5245:
5241:
5234:
5231:
5216:
5209:
5202:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5183:
5180:
5168:
5161:
5155:
5152:
5148:
5143:
5140:
5136:
5135:Stroomer 1995
5131:
5128:
5124:
5119:
5116:
5112:
5111:Stroomer 1995
5107:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5079:
5076:
5072:
5071:Stroomer 1995
5067:
5064:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5039:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
4999:
4996:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4971:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4933:
4928:
4919:
4914:
4911:
4906:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4882:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4833:
4828:
4825:
4820:
4817:
4812:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4743:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4712:
4691:
4690:(h)in-d'uf-ti
4686:
4683:
4678:
4675:
4670:
4664:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4475:
4469:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4399:
4396:
4391:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4345:
4340:
4337:
4332:
4329:
4324:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4294:
4289:
4288:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4231:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4157:- Narrow,thin
4156:
4153:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4101:-aa, -ca, -sa
4093:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3789:- Word/matter
3788:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3752:- "sun"
3751:
3747:- "name"
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3668:
3665:
3664:mina ciifa aa
3661:
3652:
3647:
3644:
3639:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3598:
3593:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3572:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3542:
3533:
3528:
3525:
3520:
3517:
3512:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3486:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3395:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3269:
3266:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3200:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3094:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3004:
2997:(f) "bird"
2996:
2993:
2992:
2989:(f) "fish"
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2976:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2920:
2914:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2841:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2738:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2627:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2285:l, m, n, or r
2282:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2245:
2243:
2235:
2234:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2205:
2204:
2191:
2189:
2181:
2172:
2167:
2154:
2152:
2146:
2134:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2106:
2104:
2095:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1979:
1975:
1963:
1959:
1947:
1946:kobee, kop'ee
1943:
1931:
1930:albaa, alp'aa
1927:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1709:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1683:
1674:
1669:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1000:
996:
993:
992:
988:
984:
981:
980:
976:
972:
969:
968:
964:
960:
957:
956:
952:
948:
945:
944:
940:
936:
933:
932:
928:
924:
921:
920:
916:
912:
909:
908:
904:
900:
897:
896:
892:
888:
885:
884:
880:
876:
873:
872:
868:
864:
861:
860:
856:
852:
849:
848:
844:
840:
837:
836:
832:
829:
828:
822:
816:
809:
806:
803:
802:
798:
795:
791:
788:
787:
783:
780:
776:
773:
772:
768:
765:
761:
758:
757:
753:
750:
746:
743:
742:
738:
735:
731:
728:
727:
724:farm, garden
723:
720:
716:
713:
712:
708:
705:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
686:
683:
682:
678:
675:
672:
671:
667:
664:
660:
657:
656:
652:
649:
645:
642:
641:
637:
634:
630:
627:
626:
623:food, sweets
622:
619:
615:
612:
611:
607:
604:
600:
597:
596:
592:
589:
585:
582:
581:
577:
574:
570:
567:
566:
562:
559:
555:
552:
551:
547:
544:
540:
537:
536:
532:
529:
525:
522:
521:
517:
514:
510:
507:
506:
502:
499:
495:
492:
491:
487:
484:
480:
477:
476:
472:
469:
465:
462:
461:
457:
454:
450:
447:
446:
442:
439:
435:
432:
431:
427:
424:
420:
417:
416:
412:
409:
405:
402:
401:
397:
394:
390:
387:
386:
382:
379:
375:
372:
371:
367:
364:
361:
360:
354:
348:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
315:
313:
308:
305:
304:
302:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
284:
282:
281:
279:
273:
271:
264:
262:
259:
253:
247:
240:
236:
230:Boraana Oromo
229:
227:
225:
220:
218:
214:
213:Borana people
210:
207:and northern
206:
202:
198:
194:
185:
181:
179:
178:
173:
169:
165:
162:
157:
152:
149:
146:
142:
136:
122:
119:
118:
117:
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
97:
93:
89:
83:
79:
73:
70:
66:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
6838:Oromo groups
6804:
6775:
6748:
6653:
6605:
6511:Macro-Somali
6493:Lowland East
6372:
6115:Nilo-Saharan
6094:
5837:
5828:
5811:
5807:
5798:
5791:Bibliography
5776:
5764:
5752:
5740:
5728:
5716:
5704:
5692:
5680:
5623:
5611:
5599:
5587:
5560:
5548:
5536:
5460:
5429:
5402:
5390:
5378:
5366:
5361:, p. 9.
5354:
5342:
5330:
5325:, p. 8.
5318:
5306:
5294:
5282:
5270:
5258:
5239:
5233:
5222:. Retrieved
5201:
5192:
5182:
5170:. Retrieved
5166:
5154:
5142:
5137:, p. 1.
5130:
5118:
5113:, p. 5.
5084:
5078:
5066:
5049:
5041:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4981:
4973:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4934:
4920:
4912:
4904:
4894:
4883:
4859:
4856:
4853:
4834:
4826:
4818:
4810:
4800:
4789:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4744:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4665:
4641:
4638:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4577:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4548:
4542:
4536:
4530:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4478:Possessives
4473:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4405:
4402:
4397:
4394:
4389:
4386:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4346:
4343:
4338:
4335:
4330:
4327:
4318:
4315:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4295:isii, ishii
4222:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4088:namica tokko
4087:
4083:
4081:
4075:
4073:- brother(s)
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4054:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4012:
4002:
3992:
3982:
3972:
3962:
3952:
3942:
3932:
3922:
3912:
3899:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3867:
3861:
3853:
3844:
3838:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3773:
3769:
3755:
3749:
3744:
3742:- "tail"
3739:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3722:
3720:- "woman"
3717:
3715:- "hand"
3712:
3707:
3706:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3653:
3650:
3645:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3619:
3617:hyena + SUBJ
3616:
3613:
3607:
3604:
3599:
3596:
3591:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3545:
3534:
3531:
3526:
3523:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3500:
3497:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3458:
3456:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3396:
3382:
3379:
3368:
3365:
3358:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3342:
3339:
3334:
3331:
3324:
3321:
3312:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3289:
3286:
3275:
3272:
3267:
3264:
3259:
3256:
3251:
3248:
3241:
3238:
3229:
3226:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3204:
3189:
3179:
3169:
3159:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3137:
3136:top tree
3131:
3126:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3095:Fixed Stress
3090:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3032:
3027:mk'aa, mak'a
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2994:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2918:
2907:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2260:
2244:uumma, uumma
2238:
2208:
2184:
2150:
2130:
2099:
2076:
2050:
2032:
1992:
1899:
1890:
1877:
1863:
1847:
1833:
1817:
1803:
1787:
1773:
1757:
1743:
1735:Translation
1715:
1290:
1266:kaa diddamaa
1106:
1102:
820:
368:Translation
352:
277:
268:
241:
237:
233:
221:
196:
192:
191:
175:
120:
106:Lowland East
96:Afro-Asiatic
65:Borana Oromo
5125:, p. v
4832:bit-ad'd'-e
4738:hind'aabini
4537:tee, tantee
4531:kee, kankee
4470:Possessives
4435:(self) and
4274:3rd person
4263:2nd person
4252:1st person
4078:- sister(s)
4076:obboleettii
4061:sidamtittii
3993:-(o)wa(a)ni
3831:korma lukuu
3630:mina ciifaa
3465:Noun Phrase
3356:bit+ad'd'+e
3273:bit+ad'd'+e
3127:fit'ee muka
3049:- "animals"
2837:- somewhere
2831:- nakedness
2424:mald'ad'd'a
2140:word, thing
1729:Translation
1627:Approximant
573:k'at'aamura
365:Sample Word
295:Shoa/Tulama
6822:Categories
6238:Portuguese
6032:West Nyala
5914:Indigenous
5407:Gragg 1982
5383:Gragg 1982
5371:Gragg 1982
5224:2022-06-08
5147:Lewis 1966
5123:Gragg 1982
5051:Ethnologue
4983:Ethnologue
4965:References
4344:hin+gar+ne
4282:isa, iisa
4255:naa, anaa
4223:gurraattii
4128:Masculine
4122:Masculine
4116:Masculine
4094:Adjectives
3813:simp'irree
3805:saa d'alaa
3584:woraabesii
3409:Morphology
3021:mtaam mata
2987:k'urt'mmii
2848:i, e, a, o
1296:Consonants
1035:saddeetama
1023:torbaatama
668:motorbike
638:foreigner
518:to hiccup
6807:indicate
6715:Saho–Afar
6601:Daasanach
6566:Maay Maay
6060:Daasanach
5997:Mijikenda
5916:languages
5033:143858455
5011:(1): 21.
4867:haa (aa)-
4811:yesterday
4446:Example:
4403:k'aroo+ni
4387:obboleesa
4371:saw) him"
4244:Singular
4185:dullattii
4181:- healthy
4146:Feminine
4140:Feminine
4134:Feminine
4071:obboleesa
4056:sidamtica
3589:woraabesa
3554:hiyeettii
3385:LIN=SCOPE
3360:LIN=SCOPE
3335:yesterday
3252:yesterday
3154:Examples
3115:Examples:
3087:- "teeth"
3081:- "mouth"
3073:Examples:
3041:Examples:
3009:Examples:
2995:simp'rree
2981:Examples:
2932:Examples:
2899:saddeecaa
2883:kurneesoo
2590:surp'up'a
2580:kulump'aa
2561:kurneesoo
2532:hak'uuk'a
2525:k'oonk'oo
2441:bard'adaa
2379:k'arcaasa
2372:k'ancaraa
2251:peninsula
2197:small axe
1841:to regret
1522:voiceless
1517:Fricative
1495:implosive
1387:voiceless
1382:Affricate
1287:Phonology
1213:torbeesoo
1189:shaneesoo
1047:sagaltama
779:warabeesa
749:t'unnalee
734:tabad'd'a
428:to break
177:Glottolog
161:ISO 639-3
61:Ethnicity
6554:Rendille
6502:Omo–Tana
6473:Kambaata
6423:Gollango
6387:Xamtanga
6243:Japanese
6123:Kipsigis
6085:Rendille
6042:Cushitic
5215:Archived
5093:72-87783
4685:tomorrow
4225:- black
4199:gurraaca
4047:(m) and
4035:(f) and
3893:- milk,
3845:nad'eeni
3821:- Dewlap
3718:nad'eeni
3511:children
3508:ijoollee
3170:himbenne
3059:drandisa
3053:rbobiisa
2908:nad'eeni
2893:Example:
2877:himbeeka
2860:nad'eeni
2825:- hunger
2467:hangaafa
2434:hand'ura
2391:jaldeesa
2035:apaatii
1458:ejective
1316:Alveolar
1177:afreesoo
1165:sadeesoo
1153:lammeeso
1113:(m) and
999:shantama
987:afurtama
975:soddomii
963:diddamii
951:kud'aani
927:saddeeti
817:Numerals
689:rifeensa
663:pikipiki
653:officer
528:ideemtuu
483:falfalta
453:d'ak'aba
438:daraaraa
349:Alphabet
274:Dialects
205:Ethiopia
184:bora1271
101:Cushitic
51:Ethiopia
6805:Italics
6777:Kwʼadza
6761:Burunge
6680:Dirasha
6668:Konsoid
6627:Oromoid
6607:El Molo
6588:Western
6534:Girirra
6524:Dabarre
6468:Hadiyya
6426:Gorrose
6420:Gergere
6410:Gawwada
6253:Russian
6233:Chinese
6213:Italian
6203:Spanish
6198:Punjabi
6188:English
6168:Turkana
6158:Samburu
6070:El Molo
5992:Marachi
5905:Swahili
5900:English
5189:"Oromo"
5025:1159837
4824:gabayaa
4666:sister-
4593:3rd(f)
4587:3rd(f)
4578:isaanii
4572:isaanii
4564:3rd(f)
4558:3rd(m)
4549:teesani
4543:keesani
4508:tiy(y)a
4502:kiy(y)a
4406:clever+
4390:brother
4247:Plural
4217:diimtuu
4205:dureesa
4201:- black
4179:baartuu
4173:k'alloo
4167:gogeesa
4161:dullaca
4155:k'allaa
4086:"one" (
4066:obbolee
3983:-(a)ani
3913:-oollee
3895:bisaani
3847:- Women
3841:- Grass
3760:Gender
3620:"hyena"
3524:afraani
3393:1sgPAST
3375:1sgPAST
3296:1sgPAST
3282:1sgPAST
3208:gabayaa
3160:himbeku
3138:LIN=GEN
2950:hnd'ura
2910:- woman
2885:- tenth
2819:- belly
2798:koorree
2786:fiit'aa
2643:Central
2573:jalp'aa
2515:hilk'aa
2486:halkini
2460:gamgama
2453:galgala
2398:ogomdii
2362:bakalca
2089:to jump
2041:chapati
2020:Medial
2017:Initial
2014:Phoneme
1985:between
1605:Lateral
1331:Glottal
1321:Palatal
1201:jaeesoo
1011:jaatama
784:hyeena
719:shambaa
709:market
558:kitaaba
543:jaalala
413:church
329:Boraana
323:Barentu
211:by the
111:Oromoid
55:Somalia
6787:Others
6766:Gorowa
6756:Alagwa
6710:Dahalo
6698:Others
6596:Arbore
6571:Somali
6539:Jiiddu
6483:Sidama
6478:Libido
6435:Tsamai
6414:Dihina
6405:Dobase
6397:Dullay
6368:Qimant
6258:Danish
6248:Romani
6228:Arabic
6223:Hebrew
6208:German
6193:French
6153:Pökoot
6148:Omotik
6138:Naandi
6133:Maasai
6090:Somali
6065:Dahalo
6012:Pokomo
5982:Logoli
5972:Kikuyu
5957:Ilwana
5932:Bajuni
5844:
5246:
5172:5 June
5091:
5031:
5023:
5005:Africa
4949:SUBORD
4935:enter-
4932:seen-u
4827:market
4816:billaa
4748:-cook-
4728:(h)in-
4696:-come-
4649:(h)in-
4605:worraa
4600:worraa
4520:teenna
4514:keenna
4495:Gloss
4441:Wolini
4269:isani
4211:huk'oo
4207:- rich
4193:huk'aa
4187:- old
3943:-ootee
3891:aanani
3839:buyyoo
3825:gurbaa
3815:- Bird
3807:- Cow
3801:- Head
3793:dook'a
3787:dubbii
3745:mak'aa
3735:niitii
3723:yaak'a
3546:guddoo
3485:mother
3482:haad'a
3366:
3351:market
3348:gabyaa
3340:billaa
3265:gabaya
3257:billaa
3047:bneesa
3015:agrtaa
2956:galana
2938:intala
2915:Stress
2792:keenna
2628:Vowels
2619:farsoo
2612:dansaa
2605:domsoo
2496:bonkoo
2405:gandii
2340:gomboo
1795:ashes
1656:/k,kʼ/
1583:Rhotic
1559:voiced
1426:voiced
1311:Dental
1306:Labial
1128:Number
939:sagali
830:Number
794:yammoo
769:clean
704:sookoo
633:nyaaba
618:naanaa
608:what?
588:labbaa
498:gummii
468:eesuma
408:caacii
362:Letter
338:Sakuye
317:Kereyu
309:Arussi
292:Salale
217:Sakuye
197:Borana
69:Sakuye
43:Region
38:Borana
6771:Iraqw
6750:Aasáx
6741:South
6685:Konso
6675:Bussa
6659:Waata
6649:Oromo
6613:Yaaku
6578:Tunni
6529:Garre
6519:Baiso
6463:Gedeo
6458:Burji
6453:Alaba
6429:Harso
6380:Qwara
6374:Kayla
6363:Bilen
6358:Awngi
6300:Engsh
6295:Sheng
6263:Dutch
6218:Hindi
6163:Tugen
6143:Ogiek
6105:Yaaku
6100:Waata
6080:Oromo
6055:Burji
6050:Aweer
6027:Taita
6017:Samia
6007:Nyole
5987:Luhya
5977:Kuria
5967:Khayo
5962:Kamba
5947:Gusii
5924:Bantu
5218:(PDF)
5211:(PDF)
5163:(PDF)
5029:S2CID
5021:JSTOR
4905:house
4819:knife
4808:kalee
4350:+see+
4328:takka
4219:- red
4169:- dry
4163:- old
4148:-ttii
4084:tokko
4049:-ttii
4033:-ttii
4013:-eeni
3973:-yyee
3963:-yyii
3933:-oota
3923:-llee
3864:- Sun
3827:- boy
3819:maala
3799:mataa
3795:- gem
3772:, or
3740:eegee
3713:harka
3646:chief
3643:ciifa
3638:house
3592:hyena
3519:these
3343:knife
3332:kalee
3260:knife
3249:kalee
3194:hear
3190:d'gai
2967:bidda
2944:dkana
2903:eigth
2829:daara
2823:beela
2817:garaa
2804:fuloo
2794:- our
2773:ummuu
2763:- pan
2761:eelee
2755:aalaa
2655:Close
2638:Front
2547:humna
2503:harka
2412:ardaa
2333:jilba
2241:'
2220:eegee
2214:eegee
2211:'
2187:'
2160:horse
2133:ubbii
2102:'
2079:'
2049:nyeen
1953:shoes
1710:]
1706:[
1702:]
1698:[
1692:]
1688:[
1684:]
1680:[
1670:]
1666:[
1338:Nasal
1326:Velar
1256:etc.
915:torba
891:shani
879:afuri
867:sadii
855:lamma
744:T' t'
714:Sh sh
694:hair
673:P' p'
648:obsaa
628:Ny ny
568:K' k'
563:book
448:D' d'
423:c'aba
418:C' c'
393:baana
378:abbaa
341:Munyo
332:Gabra
306:Harar
289:Wollo
224:Kenya
209:Kenya
201:Oromo
195:, or
148:Latin
116:Oromo
47:Kenya
6794:Beja
6725:Saho
6720:Afar
6705:Boon
6644:Orma
6549:Boni
6417:Gaba
6350:Agaw
6075:Orma
6022:Suba
6002:Meru
5942:Embu
5937:Digo
5842:ISBN
5471:help
5244:ISBN
5174:2022
5089:LCCN
4945:PRES
4902:mana
4886:SUBJ
4881:inni
4835:buy-
4792:SUBJ
4787:aani
4710:PRES
4682:bori
4674:tiya
4668:SUBJ
4635:Verb
4595:isii
4589:isii
4576:3rd
4570:3rd
4566:isaa
4560:isaa
4547:2nd
4541:2nd
4535:2nd
4529:2nd
4518:1st
4512:1st
4506:1st
4500:1st
4437:woli
4414:iisa
4408:SUBJ
4395:kiya
4369:lit.
4356:PAST
4336:iisa
4331:once
4321:SUBJ
4316:aani
4266:sii
4258:nuu
4142:-tuu
3868:lafa
3862:aduu
3750:aduu
3708:mina
3682:Noun
3674:help
3635:mina
3609:SUBJ
3571:help
3557:poor
3549:very
3527:four
3516:tana
3502:SUBJ
3401:help
3389:MIVO
3387:buy+
3371:MIVO
3369:buy+
3315:SUBJ
3310:aani
3292:MIVO
3278:MIVO
3276:buy+
3232:SUBJ
3227:aani
3180:beku
3107:and
2856:gara
2835:gari
2767:oola
2721:Open
2648:Back
2474:arga
2350:arba
2269:null
2227:tail
2058:lion
1918:and
1906:and
1704:and
1478:t͡ʃʼ
1377:Stop
1273:21st
1261:20th
1244:10th
603:maa?
335:Orma
326:Guji
320:Arsi
286:Raya
6128:Luo
5816:doi
5048:at
5013:doi
4980:at
4926:GEN
4913:him
4910:isa
4896:ADH
4892:haa
4884:he.
4849:PST
4837:MID
4802:FOC
4798:yaa
4754:IMP
4750:NEG
4746:NEG
4694:FOC
4433:ufi
4417:him
4352:NEG
4348:NEG
4339:him
4319:I (
4136:-oo
4130:-sa
4124:-ca
4118:-aa
4045:-sa
4037:-ca
4003:-oo
3953:-ii
3699:or
3659:GEN
3655:LIN
3540:GEN
3536:LIN
3498:tii
3326:FOC
3322:yaa
3313:I (
3243:FOC
3239:yaa
3230:I (
3105:-ti
3101:-fi
3067:-ni
3003:-aa
2688:Mid
2568:p'
2510:k'
2419:d'
2149:far
2098:han
1846:maa
1832:maa
1816:d'a
1811:lie
1802:d'a
1786:daa
1772:daa
1676:/ɗ/
1662:/n/
1446:d͡ʒ
1409:t͡ʃ
1232:9th
1220:8th
1208:7th
1196:6th
1184:5th
1172:4th
1160:3rd
1148:2nd
1136:1st
1116:taa
1110:kaa
1090:400
1078:300
1066:200
1054:100
903:jaa
810:--
804:Z z
789:Y y
774:W w
764:ula
759:U u
729:T t
699:S s
684:R r
679:--
658:P p
643:O o
613:N n
598:M m
583:L l
553:K k
538:J j
523:I i
508:H h
493:G g
478:F f
463:E e
433:D d
403:C c
388:B b
373:A a
168:gax
6824::
5810:.
5665:^
5650:^
5635:^
5572:^
5515:^
5496:^
5479:^
5441:^
5414:^
5213:.
5191:.
5165:.
5101:^
5027:.
5019:.
5009:55
5007:.
4941:SG
4922:LK
4918:aa
4845:SG
4790:I.
4706:SG
4677:my
4398:my
4107:.
4024:.
4009:11
3999:10
3887:ni
3876:-
3774:-i
3770:-a
3676:);
3651:aa
3605:ii
3573:);
3532:ii
3403:);
3210::
3109:-i
2901:-
2734:aː
2713:oː
2699:eː
2680:uː
2666:iː
2597:s
2554:nn
2539:n
2481:k
2448:g
2386:d
2357:c
2328:b
2315:r
2264:d'
2171:d'
2105:aa
2082:ia
2069:c'
2053:a
1996:c'
1909:p'
1880:aa
1878:bb
1866:aa
1850:aa
1820:aa
1806:aa
1790:aa
1788:rr
1760:oo
1758:rr
1756:bo
1746:oo
1742:bo
1571:)
1485:kʼ
1471:tʼ
1464:pʼ
1397:)
1369:)
1042:90
1030:80
1018:70
1006:60
994:50
982:40
970:30
958:20
946:10
807:--
676:--
219:.
67:,
53:,
49:,
6334:e
6327:t
6320:v
5878:e
5871:t
5864:v
5850:.
5822:.
5818::
5812:7
5473:)
5436:.
5409:.
5252:.
5227:.
5195:.
5176:.
5149:.
5095:.
5035:.
5015::
4947:.
4943:.
4939:.
4937:3
4924:.
4847:.
4843:.
4841:1
4839:-
4752:.
4708:.
4704:.
4702:F
4700:.
4698:3
4354:.
4323:)
4291:F
4278:M
4041:i
3989:9
3979:8
3969:7
3959:6
3949:5
3939:4
3929:3
3919:2
3909:1
3873:-
3850:-
3730:b
3703::
3701:i
3697:a
3693:a
3657:=
3600:+
3597:+
3538:=
3493:+
3490:+
3459:n
3445:s
3435:n
3425:t
3391:+
3373:+
3317:)
3294:+
3280:+
3234:)
2852:u
2729:a
2708:o
2694:e
2675:u
2661:i
2600:—
2585:—
2542:—
2520:—
2491:—
2429:—
2367:—
2345:—
2322:2
2320:C
2312:n
2309:m
2306:l
2300:1
2298:C
2254:'
2248:'
2239:d
2230:'
2224:'
2217:~
2209:d
2200:'
2194:'
2185:d
2177:∅
2174:~
2163:'
2157:'
2153:a
2151:d
2143:'
2137:'
2131:d
2123:d
2115:'
2109:'
2100:c
2092:'
2086:'
2077:c
2061:'
2055:'
2051:c
2045:'
2037:'
2033:c
2027:c
2002:c
1988:'
1982:'
1972:'
1966:'
1956:'
1950:'
1940:'
1934:'
1921:y
1915:j
1903:b
1876:o
1864:b
1862:o
1848:g
1836:a
1834:g
1818:r
1804:r
1776:a
1774:r
1744:r
1708:z
1700:p
1690:ɾ
1682:ɖ
1668:ŋ
1642:j
1633:w
1613:l
1591:r
1568:z
1565:(
1551:h
1542:ʃ
1535:s
1528:f
1503:ɗ
1439:d
1432:b
1416:k
1402:t
1394:p
1391:(
1379:/
1366:ŋ
1363:(
1358:ɲ
1351:n
1344:m
1313:/
934:9
922:8
910:7
898:6
886:5
874:4
862:3
850:2
838:1
20:)
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